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Chang F, Gunderstofte C, Colussi N, Pitts M, Salvatore SR, Thielke AL, Turell L, Alvarez B, Goldbach-Mansky R, Villacorta L, Holm CK, Schopfer FJ, Hansen AL. Development of nitroalkene-based inhibitors to target STING-dependent inflammation. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103202. [PMID: 38865901 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is essential for the inflammatory response to cytosolic DNA. Despite that aberrant activation of STING is linked to an increasing number of inflammatory diseases, the development of inhibitors has been challenging, with no compounds in the pipeline beyond the preclinical stage. We previously identified endogenous nitrated fatty acids as novel reversible STING inhibitors. With the aim of improving the specificity and efficacy of these compounds, we developed and tested a library of nitroalkene-based compounds for in vitro and in vivo STING inhibition. The structure-activity relationship study revealed a robustly improved electrophilicity and reduced degrees of freedom of nitroalkenes by conjugation with an aromatic moiety. The lead compounds CP-36 and CP-45, featuring a β-nitrostyrene moiety, potently inhibited STING activity in vitro and relieved STING-dependent inflammation in vivo. This validates the potential for nitroalkene compounds as drug candidates for STING modulation to treat STING-driven inflammatory diseases, providing new robust leads for preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Nicole Colussi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mareena Pitts
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anne L Thielke
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lucia Turell
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Studies Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, And Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Salvatore SR, Gómez-Cortés P, Rowart P, Woodcock SR, Angel de la Fuente M, Chang F, Schopfer FJ. Digestive interaction between dietary nitrite and dairy products generates novel nitrated linolenic acid products. Food Chem 2024; 437:137767. [PMID: 37879157 PMCID: PMC10844836 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids are important anti-inflammatory and protective lipids formed in the gastric compartment, with conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid, RA, 9Z,11E-18:2) being the primary substrate for lipid nitration. The recently reported identification of nitrated rumelenic acid (NO2-RLA) in human urine has led to hypothesize that rumelenic acid (RLA, 9Z,11E,15Z-18:3) from dairy fat is responsible for the formation of NO2-RLA. To evaluate the source and mechanism of NO2-RLA formation, 15N labeled standards of NO2-RLA were synthesized and characterized. Afterward, milk fat with different RA and RLA levels was administered to mice in the presence of nitrite, and the appearance of nitrated fatty acids in plasma and urine followed. We confirmed the formation of NO2-RLA and defined the main metabolites in plasma, urine, and tissues. In conclusion, RLA obtained from dairy products is the main substrate for forming this novel electrophilic lipid reported to be present in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Pilar Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Miguel Angel de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Paiva B, Laranjinha J, Rocha BS. Do oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways? A novel asset of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38523057 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate may act as a regulator of •NO bioavailability via sequential reduction along the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway with widespread health benefits, including a eubiotic effect on the oral and gut microbiota. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-host communication through redox pathways, via the production of •NO and oxidants by the family of NADPH oxidases, namely hydrogen peroxide (via Duox2), superoxide radical (via Nox1 and Nox2) and peroxynitrite, which leads to downstream activation of stress responses (Nrf2 and NFkB pathways) in the host mucosa. The activation of Nox2 by microbial metabolites is also discussed. Finally, we propose a new perspective in which both oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways, with nitrate as the pivot linking both ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Lee JE, Lee AR, Choi EY, Choi IS, Kim SJ. Effect of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid on the inflammatory response of murine macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide derived from Prevotella intermedia. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:561-573. [PMID: 37921960 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA) has been observed to manifest salutary signaling responses, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, the authors have explored the influence and underlying mechanisms of NO2-CLA on the proinflammatory reaction of murine macrophages that were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Prevotella intermedia, a putative periodontopathic bacterium. Treatment of LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with NO2-CLA notably dampened the secretion of iNOS-derived NO, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as their gene expressions and significantly enhanced the markers for M2 macrophage polarization. NO2-CLA promoted the HO-1 expression in cells challenged with LPS, and tin protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, significantly reversed the NO2-CLA-mediated attenuation of NO secretion, but not IL-1β or IL-6. We found that cells treated with NO2-CLA significantly increased mRNA expression of PPAR-γ compared to control cells, and NO2-CLA significantly reverted the decrease in PPAR-γ mRNA caused by LPS. Nonetheless, antagonists to PPAR-γ were unable to reverse the NO2-CLA-mediated suppression of inflammatory mediators. In addition, NO2-CLA did not alter the p38 and JNK activation elicited by LPS. Both NF-κB reporter activity and IκB-α degradation caused by LPS were notably diminished by NO2-CLA. NO2-CLA was observed to interrupt the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of p50 subunits caused by LPS with no obvious alterations in p65 subunits. Further, NO2-CLA attenuated the phosphorylation of STAT1/3 elicited in response to LPS. We propose that NO2-CLA could be considered as a possible strategy for the therapy of periodontal disease, although additional researches are certainly required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Mulgeum-Eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-Daero, 700 Beongil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Ah Rim Lee
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Mulgeum-Eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-Daero, 700 Beongil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-Daero, 700 Beongil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Mulgeum-Eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Mulgeum-Eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do 50612, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Reis A, Rocha BS, Laranjinha J, de Freitas V. Dietary (poly)phenols as modulators of the biophysical properties in endothelial cell membranes: its impact on nitric oxide bioavailability in hypertension. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38281810 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major contributor to premature death, owing to the associated increased risk of damage to the heart, brain and kidneys. Although hypertension is manageable by medication and lifestyle changes, the risk increases with age. In an increasingly aged society, the incidence of hypertension is escalating, and is expected to increase the prevalence of (cerebro)vascular events and their associated mortality. Adherence to plant-based diets improves blood pressure and vascular markers in individuals with hypertension. Food flavonoids have an inhibitory effect towards angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE1) and although this effect is greatly diminished upon metabolization, their microbial metabolites have been found to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Considering the transmembrane location of ACE1 and eNOS, the ability of (poly)phenols to interact with membrane lipids modulate the cell membrane's biophysical properties and impact on nitric oxide (· NO) synthesis and bioavailability, remain poorly studied. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the lipid remodeling of endothelial membranes with age, its impact on the cell membrane's biophysical properties and · NO permeability across the endothelial barrier. We also discuss the potential of (poly)phenols and other plant-based compounds as key players in hypertension management, and address the caveats and challenges in adopted methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Chowdhury FA, Colussi N, Sharma M, Wood KC, Xu JZ, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ, Straub AC. Fatty acid nitroalkenes - Multi-target agents for the treatment of sickle cell disease. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102941. [PMID: 37907055 PMCID: PMC10632539 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hematological disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite being monogenic, SCD patients display a plethora of disease-associated complications including anemia, oxidative stress, sterile inflammation, vaso-occlusive crisis-related pain, and vasculopathy, all of which contribute to multiorgan dysfunction and failure. Over the past decade, numerous small molecule drugs, biologics, and gene-based interventions have been evaluated; however, only four disease-modifying drug therapies are presently FDA approved. Barriers regarding effectiveness, accessibility, affordability, tolerance, and compliance of the current polypharmacy-based disease-management approaches are challenging. As such, there is an unmet pharmacological need for safer, more efficacious, and logistically accessible treatment options for SCD patients. Herein, we evaluate the potential of small molecule nitroalkenes such as nitro-fatty acid (NO2-FA) as a therapy for SCD. These agents are electrophilic and exert anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effects through an ability to transiently post-translationally bind to and modify transcription factors, pro-inflammatory enzymes and cell signaling mediators. Preclinical and clinical studies affirm safety of the drug class and a murine model of SCD reveals protection against inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular dysfunction. Despite protective cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and central nervous system effects of nitroalkenes, they have not previously been considered as therapy for SCD. We highlight the pathways targeted by this drug class, which can potentially prevent the end-organ damage associated with SCD and contrast their prospective therapeutic benefits for SCD as opposed to current polypharmacy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabliha A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Colussi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Malini Sharma
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julia Z Xu
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Hong L, Braden DC, Zhao Y, Skoko JJ, Chang F, Woodcock SR, Uvalle C, Casey A, Wood K, Salvatore SR, Asan A, Harkness T, Fagunloye A, Razzaghi M, Straub A, Spies M, Brown DD, Lee AV, Schopfer F, Freeman BA, Neumann CA. Small molecule nitroalkenes inhibit RAD51-mediated homologous recombination and amplify triple-negative breast cancer cell killing by DNA-directed therapies. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102856. [PMID: 37633047 PMCID: PMC10472314 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are endogenously generated lipid signaling mediators from metabolic and inflammatory reactions between conjugated diene fatty acids and nitric oxide or nitrite-derived reactive species. NO2-FAs undergo reversible Michael addition with hyperreactive protein cysteine thiolates to induce posttranslational protein modifications that can impact protein function. Herein, we report a novel mechanism of action of natural and non-natural nitroalkenes structurally similar to (E) 10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid (CP-6), recently de-risked by preclinical Investigational New Drug-enabling studies and Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials and found to induce DNA damage in a TNBC xenograft by inhibiting homologous-recombination (HR)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). CP-6 specifically targets Cys319, essential in RAD51-controlled HR-mediated DNA DSB repair in cells. A nitroalkene library screen identified two structurally different nitroalkenes, a non-natural fatty acid [(E) 8-nitro-nonadec-7-enoic acid (CP-8)] and a dicarboxylate ester [dimethyl (E)nitro-oct-4-enedioate (CP-23)] superior to CP-6 in TNBC cells killing, synergism with three different inhibitors of the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and γ-IR. CP-8 and CP-23 effectively inhibited γ-IR-induced RAD51 foci formation and HR in a GFP-reported assay but did not affect benign human epithelial cells or cell cycle phases. In vivo, CP-8 and CP-23's efficacies diverged as only CP-8 showed promising anticancer activities alone and combined with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib in an HR-proficient TNBC mouse model. As preliminary preclinical toxicology analysis also suggests CP-8 as safe, our data endorse CP-8 as a novel anticancer molecule for treating cancers sensitive to homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis C Braden
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yaoning Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John J Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Crystall Uvalle
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison Casey
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alparslan Asan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trey Harkness
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adeola Fagunloye
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mortezaali Razzaghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Spies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel D Brown
- Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carola A Neumann
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Hong L, Braden DC, Zhao Y, Skoko JJ, Chang F, Woodcock SR, Uvalle C, Casey A, Wood K, Salvatore SR, Asan A, Harkness T, Fagunloye A, Razzaghi M, Straub A, Spies M, Brown DD, Lee AV, Schopfer F, Freeman BA, Neumann CA. Small molecule nitroalkenes inhibit RAD51-mediated homologous recombination and amplify triple-negative breast cancer cell killing by DNA-directed therapies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.552990. [PMID: 37645906 PMCID: PMC10462009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.552990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitro fatty acids (NO 2 -FAs) are endogenously generated lipid signaling mediators from metabolic and inflammatory reactions between conjugated diene fatty acids and nitric oxide or nitrite-derived reactive species. NO 2 -FAs undergo reversible Michael addition with hyperreactive protein cysteine thiolates to induce posttranslational protein modifications that can impact protein function. Herein, we report a novel mechanism of action of natural and non-natural nitroalkenes structurally similar to ( E ) 10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid (CP-6), recently de-risked by preclinical Investigational New Drug-enabling studies and Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials and found to induce DNA damage in a TNBC xenograft by inhibiting homologous-recombination (HR)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). CP-6 specifically targets Cys319, essential in RAD51-controlled HR-mediated DNA DSB repair in cells. A nitroalkene library screen identified two structurally different nitroalkenes, a non-natural fatty acid [( E ) 8-nitro- nonadec-7-enoic acid (CP-8)] and a dicarboxylate ester [dimethyl ( E )nitro-oct-4-enedioate (CP- 23)] superior to CP-6 in TNBC cells killing, synergism with three different inhibitors of the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and γ-IR. CP-8 and CP-23 effectively inhibited γ-IR-induced RAD51 foci formation and HR in a GFP-reported assay but did not affect benign human epithelial cells or cell cycle phases. In vivo, CP-8 and CP-23's efficacies diverged as only CP-8 showed promising anticancer activities alone and combined with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib in an HR-proficient TNBC mouse model. As preliminary preclinical toxicology analysis also suggests CP-8 as safe, our data endorse CP-8 as a novel anticancer molecule for treating cancers sensitive to homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair inhibitors.
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9
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Di Maio R, Keeney MT, Cechova V, Mortimer A, Sekandari A, Rowart P, Greenamyre JT, Freeman BA, Fazzari M. Neuroprotective actions of a fatty acid nitroalkene in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:55. [PMID: 37029127 PMCID: PMC10082007 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date there are no therapeutic strategies that limit the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying PD-related nigrostriatal neurodegeneration remain incompletely understood, with multiple factors modulating the course of PD pathogenesis. This includes Nrf2-dependent gene expression, oxidative stress, α-synuclein pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. In vitro and sub-acute in vivo rotenone rat models of PD were used to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of a clinically-safe, multi-target metabolic and inflammatory modulator, the electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene 10-nitro-oleic acid (10-NO2-OA). In N27-A dopaminergic cells and in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats, 10-NO2-OA activated Nrf2-regulated gene expression and inhibited NOX2 and LRRK2 hyperactivation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, α-synuclein modification, and downstream mitochondrial import impairment. These data reveal broad neuroprotective actions of 10-NO2-OA in a sub-acute model of PD and motivate more chronic studies in rodents and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Matthew T Keeney
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Veronika Cechova
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Amanda Mortimer
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ahssan Sekandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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10
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Fraga CG, Trostchansky A, Rocha BS, Laranjinha J, Rubbo H, Galleano M. (Poly)phenols and nitrolipids: Relevant participants in nitric oxide metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101158. [PMID: 36517273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (•NO) is an essential molecule able to control and regulate many biological functions. Additionally, •NO bears a potential toxicity or damaging effects under conditions of uncontrolled production, and because of its participation in redox-sensitive pathways and oxidizing reactions. Several plant (poly)phenols present in the diet are able to regulate the enzymes producing •NO (NOSs). In addition, (poly)phenols are implicated in defining •NO bioavailability, especially by regulating NADPH oxidases (NOXs), and the subsequent generation of superoxide and •NO depletion. Nitrolipids are compounds that are present in animal tissues because of dietary consumption, e.g. of olive oil, and/or as result of endogenous production. This endogenous production of nitrolipids is dependent on the nitrate/nitrite presence in the diet. Select nitrolipids, e.g. the nitroalkenes, are able to exert •NO-like signaling actions, and act as •NO reservoirs, becoming relevant for systemic •NO bioavailability. Furthermore, the presence of (poly)phenols in the stomach reduces dietary nitrite to •NO favoring nitrolipids formation. In this review we focus on the capacity of molecules representing these two groups of bioactives, i.e. (poly)phenols and nitrolipids, as relevant participants in •NO metabolism and bioavailability. This participation acquires especial relevance when human homeostasis is lost, for example under inflammatory conditions, in which the protective actions of (poly)phenols and/or nitrolipids have been associated with local and systemic •NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Fraga
- Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Barbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Monica Galleano
- Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Sun L, Mu Y, Xu L, Han X, Gu W, Zhang M. Transgenerational inheritance of wing development defects in Drosophila melanogaster induced by cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 231:113224. [PMID: 36587412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The transgenerational inheritance of phenotype induced by environmental factors is a new focus in epigenetic research. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster (F0) was cultured in the medium containing cadmium (Cd, 4.5 mg/kg) from eggs to adults, and offspring (F1-F4) were continuously kept in standard medium (without cadmium). The phenotype analysis showed that cadmium induced developmental defects on wings and apoptosis in the wing disc cells of Drosophila (F0). The wing defects were transmitted for at least four generations even without Cd afterwards. And the effect on the mRNA expression of wing development related genes (shg, omb, F-actin, Mekk1) can be maintained for at least two or three generations. More importantly, under cadmium stress, the post-translational modification (PTM) on the histones H3K4me3 in the third instar larvae and ovaries or testes of adult flies increased significantly, while the levels of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 decreased significantly. The expression of histone methylation related genes (dSet-1, ash1, Lsd1) increased significantly and these changes can be transmitted to offspring from one or two generations in ovaries or testes. These results suggest that the phenotypic defects of wings caused by cadmium can be inherited to the offspring, and this transgenerational inheritance effect may be related to the epigenetic regulation of histone methylation. Therefore, the adaptability of offspring should be considered when evaluating the toxicity and environmental risk of cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yun Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xiaobing Han
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Li Y, Xue L, Xiao J, Li P, Xue W, Li C, Guo H, Chen Y. The effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway on organ inflammatory injury and fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033982. [PMID: 36545321 PMCID: PMC9762484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction pathway is critical in innate immunity, infection, and inflammation. In response to pathogenic microbial infections and other conditions, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes abnormal DNA and initiates a downstream type I interferon response. This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in different organs, including changes in fibrosis-related biomarkers, intending to systematically investigate the effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction in inflammation and fibrosis processes. The effects of stimulator of interferon genes in related auto-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are described in this article, in addition to the application of stimulator of interferon genes-related drugs in treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengyong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanlin Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Haipeng Guo, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Haipeng Guo, ; Yuguo Chen,
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13
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Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061128. [PMID: 35740025 PMCID: PMC9220137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by increased oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Enhanced ROS accumulation, as a result of metabolic disturbances and signaling aberrations, can promote carcinogenesis and malignant progression by inducing gene mutations and activating pro-oncogenic signaling, providing a possible rationale for targeting oxidative stress in cancer treatment. While numerous antioxidants have demonstrated therapeutic potential, their clinical efficacy in cancer remains unproven. Here, we review the rationale for, and recent advances in, pre-clinical and clinical research on antioxidant therapy in cancer, including targeting ROS with nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as NRF2 activators, vitamins, N-acetylcysteine and GSH esters, or targeting ROS with enzymatic antioxidants, such as NOX inhibitors and SOD mimics. In addition, we will offer insights into prospective therapeutic options for improving the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, which may expand its applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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14
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Yu GZ, Ramasamy T, Fazzari M, Chen X, Freeman B, Pacella JJ. Lipid nitroalkene nanoparticles for the focal treatment of ischemia reperfusion. Nanotheranostics 2022; 6:215-229. [PMID: 34976596 PMCID: PMC8671954 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.62351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The treatment of microvascular obstruction (MVO) using ultrasound-targeted LNP cavitation (UTC) therapy mechanically relieves the physical obstruction in the microcirculation but does not specifically target the associated inflammatory milieu. Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives (nitro-fatty acids), that display pleiotropic anti-inflammatory signaling and transcriptional regulatory actions, offer strong therapeutic potential but lack a means of rapid targeted delivery. The objective of this study was to develop nitro-fatty acid-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNP) that retain the mechanical efficacy of standard LNP and can rapidly target delivery of a tissue-protective payload that reduces inflammation and improves vascular function following ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: The stability and acoustic behavior of nitro-fatty acid LNP (NO2-FA-LNP) were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS and ultra-high-speed microscopy. The LNP were then used in a rat hindlimb model of ischemia-reperfusion injury with ultrasound-targeted cavitation. Results: Intravenous administration of NO2-FA-LNP followed by ultrasound-targeted LNP cavitation (UTC) in both healthy rat hindlimb and following ischemia-reperfusion injury showed enhanced NO2-FA tissue delivery and microvascular perfusion. In addition, vascular inflammatory mediator expression and lipid peroxidation were decreased in tissues following ischemia-reperfusion revealed NO2-FA-LNP protected against inflammatory injury. Conclusions: Vascular targeting of NO2-FA-LNP with UTC offers a rapid method of focal anti-inflammatory therapy at sites of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Z Yu
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiruganesh Ramasamy
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John J Pacella
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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The cGAS-STING signaling in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:50-75. [PMID: 35127372 PMCID: PMC8799861 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling exert essential regulatory function in microbial-and onco-immunology through the induction of cytokines, primarily type I interferons. Recently, the aberrant and deranged signaling of the cGAS-STING axis is closely implicated in multiple sterile inflammatory diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, aortic aneurysm and dissection, obesity, etc. This is because of the massive loads of damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, DNA in extracellular vesicles) liberated from recurrent injury to metabolic cellular organelles and tissues, which are sensed by the pathway. Also, the cGAS-STING pathway crosstalk with essential intracellular homeostasis processes like apoptosis, autophagy, and regulate cellular metabolism. Targeting derailed STING signaling has become necessary for chronic inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, excessive type I interferons signaling impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health remain entirely elusive. In this review, we summarize the intimate connection between the cGAS-STING pathway and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. We also discuss some potential small molecule inhibitors for the pathway. This review provides insight to stimulate interest in and support future research into understanding this signaling axis in cardiovascular and metabolic tissues and diseases.
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Key Words
- AA, amino acids
- AAD, aortic aneurysm and dissection
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- CBD, C-binding domain
- CDG, c-di-GMP
- CDNs, cyclic dinucleotides
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- CTT, C-terminal tail
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Cys, cysteine
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DsbA-L, disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein
- ER stress
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- HAQ, R71H-G230A-R293Q
- HFD, high-fat diet
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1
- IFN, interferon
- IFN-I, type 1 interferon
- IFNAR, interferon receptors
- IFNIC, interferon-inducible cells
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IL, interleukin
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- ISGs, IRF-3-dependent interferon-stimulated genes
- Inflammation
- LBD, ligand-binding pocket
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- MST1, mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1
- Metabolic diseases
- Mitochondria
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NLRP3, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
- NO2-FA, nitro-fatty acids
- NTase, nucleotidyltransferase
- PDE3B/4, phosphodiesterase-3B/4
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPI, protein–protein interface
- Poly: I.C, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAVI, STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- STIM1, stromal interaction molecule 1
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- Ser, serine
- TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TLR, Toll-like receptors
- TM, transmembrane
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- TREX1, three prime repair exonuclease 1
- YAP1, Yes-associated protein 1
- cGAMP, 2′,3′-cyclic GMP–AMP
- cGAS
- cGAS, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- hSTING, human stimulator of interferon genes
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
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16
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Nitro Fatty Acids (NO 2-FAs): An Emerging Class of Bioactive Fatty Acids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247536. [PMID: 34946618 PMCID: PMC8708353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated nitro fatty acids (NO2-FAs) constitute a category of molecules that may be formed endogenously by the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) with secondary species of nitrogen monoxide and nitrite anions. The warhead of NO2-FAs is a nitroalkene moiety, which is a potent Michael acceptor and can undergo nucleophilic attack from thiol groups of biologically relevant proteins, showcasing the value of these molecules regarding their therapeutic potential against many diseases. In general, NO2-FAs inhibit nuclear factorκ-B (NF-κB), and simultaneously they activate nuclear factor (erythroid derived)-like 2 (Nrf2), which activates an antioxidant signaling pathway. NO2-FAs can be synthesized not only endogenously in the organism, but in a synthetic laboratory as well, either by a step-by-step synthesis or by a direct nitration of UFAs. The step-by-step synthesis requires specific precursor compounds and is in position to afford the desired NO2-FAs with a certain position of the nitro group. On the contrary, the direct nitration of UFAs is not a selective methodology; thus, it affords a mixture of all possible nitro isomers.
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17
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Hellmuth N, Brat C, Awad O, George S, Kahnt A, Bauer T, Huynh Phuoc HP, Steinhilber D, Angioni C, Hassan M, Hock KJ, Manolikakes G, Zacharowski K, Roos J, Maier TJ. Structural Modifications Yield Novel Insights Into the Intriguing Pharmacodynamic Potential of Anti-inflammatory Nitro-Fatty Acids. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715076. [PMID: 34867322 PMCID: PMC8637440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nitro-fatty acids (NFA) are potent electrophilic lipid mediators that exert biological effects in vitro and in vivo via selective covalent modification of thiol-containing target proteins. The cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic effects of NFA in animal models of disease caused by targeted protein nitroalkylation are a valuable basis for the development of future anti-phlogistic and anti-neoplastic drugs. Considering the complexity of diseases and accompanying comorbidities there is an urgent need for clinically effective multifunctional drugs. NFA are composed of a fatty acid backbone containing a nitroalkene moiety triggering Michael addition reactions. However, less is known about the target-specific structure–activity relationships and selectivities comparing different NFA targets. Therefore, we analyzed 15 NFA derivatives and compared them with the lead structure 9-nitro-oleic acid (9NOA) in terms of their effect on NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling inhibition, induction of Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) gene expression, sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase), LO (lipoxygenase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibition, and their cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. Minor modifications of the Michael acceptor position and variation of the chain length led to drugs showing increased target preference or enhanced multi-targeting, partly with higher potency than 9NOA. This study is a significant step forward to better understanding the biology of NFA and their enormous potential as scaffolds for designing future anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hellmuth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Camilla Brat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Omar Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tom Bauer
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Hai Phong Huynh Phuoc
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Katharina J Hock
- Department of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jessica Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
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18
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Fatty acid nitroalkene reversal of established lung fibrosis. Redox Biol 2021; 50:102226. [PMID: 35150970 PMCID: PMC8844680 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis occurs in response to dysregulated metabolism, pro-inflammatory signaling and tissue repair reactions. For example, lungs exposed to environmental toxins, cancer therapies, chronic inflammation and other stimuli manifest a phenotypic shift to activated myofibroblasts and progressive and often irreversible lung tissue scarring. There are no therapies that stop or reverse fibrosis. The 2 FDA-approved anti-fibrotic drugs at best only slow the progression of fibrosis in humans. The present study was designed to test whether a small molecule electrophilic nitroalkene, nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), could reverse established pulmonary fibrosis induced by the intratracheal administration of bleomycin in C57BL/6 mice. After 14 d of bleomycin-induced fibrosis development in vivo, lungs were removed, sectioned and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from control and bleomycin-treated mice were cultured ex vivo for 4 d with either vehicle or NO2-OA (5 μM). Biochemical and morphological analyses showed that over a 4 d time frame, NO2-OA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory mediator and growth factor expression and reversed key indices of fibrosis (hydroxyproline, collagen 1A1 and 3A1, fibronectin-1). Quantitative image analysis of PCLS immunohistology reinforced these observations, revealing that NO2-OA suppressed additional hallmarks of the fibrotic response, including alveolar epithelial cell loss, myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation, collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression. NO2-OA also accelerated collagen degradation by resident macrophages. These effects occurred in the absence of the recognized NO2-OA modulation of circulating and migrating immune cell activation. Thus, small molecule nitroalkenes may be useful agents for reversing pathogenic fibrosis of lung and other organs. Small molecule electrophiles, pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drugs. NO2-OA inhibits activated myofibroblasts, induces dedifferentiation to fibroblasts. NO2-OA activates extracellular matrix degradation by macrophages. NO2-OA promotes proliferation of alveolar type 1 and 2 epithelial cells. NO2-OA reverses established lung fibrosis in murine lung slices.
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19
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Rocha BS. The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway on Healthy Ageing: A Review of Pre-clinical and Clinical Data on the Impact of Dietary Nitrate in the Elderly. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:778467. [PMID: 35821990 PMCID: PMC9261383 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.778467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We are living longer. Are we living healthier? As we age, cellular and molecular damage reshape our physiological responses towards environmental and endogenous stimuli. The free radical theory of ageing has been proposed long before ageing has been considered a “scientific discipline” and, since then, has been discussed and upgraded as a major contributor to aberrant ageing. Assuming that ageing results merely from the accumulation of oxidative modifications of biomolecules is not only a simplistic and reductive view of such a complex and dynamic process, but also free radicals and related oxidants are now considered pivotal signalling molecules. The fine modulation of critical signalling pathways by redox compounds demands a novel approach to tackle the role of free radicals in ageing. Nitric oxide (⋅NO) is a paradigmatic example given its biological functions in cardiovascular, neurologic and immune systems. In addition to the canonical ⋅NO synthesis by a family of enzymes, nitrate from green leafy vegetables, is reduced to nitrite in the oral cavity which is further reduced to ⋅NO in the stomach. Boosting this nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has been shown to improve gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic and cognitive performance both in humans and in animal models of disease. In the elderly, nitrate-derived ⋅NO has been shown improve several physiological functions that typically decline during ageing. In this paper, the role of nitrate and derived nitrogen oxides will be discussed while reviewing pre-clinical and clinical data on the cardiovascular, neuronal, musculoskeletal and metabolic effects of nitrate during healthy ageing.
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Di Fino L, Arruebarrena Di Palma A, Perk EA, García-Mata C, Schopfer FJ, Laxalt AM. Nitro-fatty acids: electrophilic signaling molecules in plant physiology. PLANTA 2021; 254:120. [PMID: 34773515 PMCID: PMC10704571 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nitro fatty acids (NO2-FA)have relevant physiological roles as signaling molecules in biotic and abiotic stress, growth, and development, but the mechanism of action remains controversial. The two main mechanisms involving nitric oxide release and thiol modification are discussed. Fatty acids (FAs) are major components of membranes and contribute to cellular energetic demands. Besides, FAs are precursors of signaling molecules, including oxylipins and other oxidized fatty acids derived from the activity of lipoxygenases. In addition, non-canonical modified fatty acids, such as nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), are formed in animals and plants. The synthesis NO2-FAs involves a nitration reaction between unsaturated fatty acids and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This review will focus on recent findings showing that, in plants, NO2-FAs such as nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln) and nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) have relevant physiological roles as signaling molecules in biotic and abiotic stress, growth, and development. Moreover, since there is controversy on mechanisms of action of NO2-FAs as signaling molecules, we will provide evidence showing why this aspect needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Di Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Arruebarrena Di Palma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Enzo A Perk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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21
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Zhao Y, Chang Z, Zhao G, Lu H, Xiong W, Liang W, Wang H, Villacorta L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhu T, Guo Y, Fan Y, Chang L, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Zhang J, Chen YE. Suppression of Vascular Macrophage Activation by Nitro-Oleic Acid and its Implication for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:939-951. [PMID: 32671602 PMCID: PMC7855321 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world and is currently undertreated due to the complicated nature of the disease. Herein, we aimed to address the therapeutic potential of a novel class of pleiotropic mediators, specifically a new drug candidate, nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), on AAA, in a well-characterized murine AAA model. METHODS We generated AAA using a mouse model combining AAV.PCSK9-D377Y induced hypercholesterolemia with angiotensin II given by chronic infusion. Vehicle control (PEG-400), oleic acid (OA), or NO2-OA were subcutaneously delivered to mice using an osmotic minipump. We characterized the effects of NO2-OA on pathophysiological responses and dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms through various in vitro and ex vivo strategies. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of NO2-OA significantly decreased the AAA incidence (8/28 mice) and supra-renal aorta diameters compared to mice infused with either PEG-400 (13/19, p = 0.0117) or OA (16/23, p = 0.0078). In parallel, the infusion of NO2-OA in the AAA model drastically decreased extracellular matrix degradation, inflammatory cytokine levels, and leucocyte/macrophage infiltration in the vasculature. Administration of NO2-OA reduced inflammation, cytokine secretion, and cell migration triggered by various biological stimuli in primary and macrophage cell lines partially through activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Moreover, the protective effect of NO2-OA relies on the inhibition of macrophage prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) cAMP signaling, known to participate in the development of AAA. CONCLUSION Administration of NO2-OA protects against AAA formation and multifactorial macrophage activation. With NO2-OA currently undergoing FDA approved phase II clinical trials, these findings may expedite the use of this nitro-fatty acid for AAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wenhao Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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22
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Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Synthesis of 9- and 12-nitro conjugated linoleic acid: Regiospecific isomers of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Wilkinson ML, Gow AJ. Effects of fatty acid nitroalkanes on signal transduction pathways and airway macrophage activation. Innate Immun 2021; 27:353-364. [PMID: 34375151 PMCID: PMC8419298 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211015330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid nitroalkenes are reversibly-reactive electrophiles that are endogenously detectable at nM concentrations and display anti-inflammatory, pro-survival actions. These actions are elicited through the alteration of signal transduction proteins via a Michael addition on nucleophilic cysteine thiols. Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs), like 9- or 10-nitro-octadec-9-enolic acid, will act on signal transduction proteins directly or on key regulatory proteins to cause an up-regulation or down-regulation of the protein's expression, yielding an anti-inflammatory response. These responses have been characterized in many organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system, with the pulmonary system less well defined. Macrophages are one of the most abundant immune cells in the lung and are essential in maintaining lung homeostasis. Despite this, macrophages can play a role in both acute and chronic lung injury due to up-regulation of anti-inflammatory signal transduction pathways and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Through their propensity to alter signal transduction pathways, NO2-FAs may be able to reduce macrophage activation during pulmonary injury. This review will focus on the implications of NO2-FAs on macrophage activation in the lung and the signal transduction pathways that may be altered, leading to reduced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New Jersey, USA
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24
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Fazzari M, Woodcock SR, Rowart P, Ricart K, Lancaster JR, Patel R, Vitturi DA, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Endogenous generation of nitro-fatty acid hybrids having dual nitrate ester (RONO 2) and nitroalkene (RNO 2) substituents. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101913. [PMID: 33819836 PMCID: PMC8049994 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic nitrate esters, long-recognized therapies for cardiovascular disorders, have not been detected biologically. We characterize in rat stomach unsaturated fatty acid nitration reactions that proceed by generation of nitro-nitrate intermediates (NO2-ONO2-FA) via oxygen and nitrite dependent reactions. NO2-ONO2-lipids represent ∼70% of all nitrated lipids in the stomach and they decay in vitro at neutral or basic pH by the loss of the nitrate ester group (-ONO2) from the carbon backbone upon deprotonation of the α-carbon (pKa ∼7), yielding nitrate, nitrite, nitrosative species, and an electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene product (NO2-FA). Of note, NO2-FA are anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective signaling mediators, which are undergoing Phase II trials for the treatment of kidney and pulmonary diseases. The decay of NO2-ONO2-FA occurs during intestinal transit and absorption, leading to the formation of NO2-FA that were subsequently detected in circulating plasma triglycerides. These observations provide new insight into unsaturated fatty acid nitration mechanisms, identify nitro-nitrate ester-containing lipids as intermediates in the formation of both secondary nitrogen oxides and electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes, and expand the scope of endogenous products stemming from metabolic reactions of nitrogen oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA.
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - Karina Ricart
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA; Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
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25
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Hassan M, Krieg S, Ndefo Nde C, Roos J, Maier TJ, El Rady EA, Raslan MA, Sadek KU, Manolikakes G. Streamlined One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitro Fatty Acids. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Chemistry TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Aswan University Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Sara‐Cathrin Krieg
- Department of Chemistry TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Cedric Ndefo Nde
- Department of Chemistry TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jessica Roos
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51–59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - Thorsten J. Maier
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51–59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - Eman A. El Rady
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Aswan University Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Raslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Aswan University Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Kamal U. Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Department of Chemistry TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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26
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Begara-Morales JC, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Chaki M, Valderrama R, Aranda-Caño L, Barroso JB. Role of electrophilic nitrated fatty acids during development and response to abiotic stress processes in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:917-927. [PMID: 33161434 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids are generated from the interaction of unsaturated fatty acids and nitric oxide (NO)-derived molecules. The endogenous occurrence and modulation throughout plant development of nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln) and nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) suggest a key role for these molecules in initial development stages. In addition, NO2-Ln content increases significantly in stress situations and induces the expression of genes mainly related to abiotic stress, such as genes encoding members of the heat shock response family and antioxidant enzymes. The promoter regions of NO2-Ln-induced genes are also involved mainly in stress responses. These findings confirm that NO2-Ln is involved in plant defense processes against abiotic stress conditions via induction of the chaperone network and antioxidant systems. NO2-Ln signaling capacity lies mainly in its electrophilic nature and allows it to mediate a reversible post-translational modification called nitroalkylation, which is capable of modulating protein function. NO2-Ln is a NO donor that may be involved in NO signaling events and is able to generate S-nitrosoglutathione, the major reservoir of NO in cells and a key player in NO-mediated abiotic stress responses. This review describes the current state of the art regarding the essential role of nitro-fatty acids as signaling mediators in development and abiotic stress processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria N Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Lorena Aranda-Caño
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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27
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Salvatore SR, Rowart P, Schopfer FJ. Mass spectrometry-based study defines the human urine nitrolipidome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:327-337. [PMID: 33131723 PMCID: PMC10895545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA) are an endogenous class of signaling mediators formed mainly during digestion and inflammation. The signaling actions of NO2-FA have been extensively studied, but their detection and characterization lagged. Several different nitrated fatty acid species have been reported in animals and humans, but their formation remains controversial, and a systemic approach to define the endogenous pool of NO2-FA is needed. Herein, we screened for endogenous NO2-FA in urine from healthy human volunteers as this is the main excretion route for NO2-FA and its metabolites, and it provides an excellent matrix for evaluation. Only isomers of two fatty acids, conjugated linoleic and linolenic acid were found to be nitrated. Several, previously unknown, nitrated species were identified and confirmed using high-resolution mass spectrometry, fragmentation analysis, and compared to synthetic nitrated standards, the main group corresponding to nitrated conjugated linolenic acid (NO2-CLnA). In contrast, we were unable to confirm the presence of previously reported nitrated omega-3's, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and α- and γ-linolenic acid, suggesting that their biological formation and presence in humans should be re-evaluated. Metabolite analysis of NO2-CLnA in human urine identified cysteine adducts and β-oxidation products, which were compared to the metabolic products of nitrated standards obtained using primary mouse hepatocytes. Importantly, NO2-CLnA isomers belong to two defined groups, are electrophilic, participate in Michael addition reactions and account for 39% of total urinary NO2-FA, highlighting their relative abundance and possible role in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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28
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Carreño M, Bresque M, Machado MR, Santos L, Durán R, Vitturi DA, Escande C, Denicola A. Nitro-fatty acids as activators of hSIRT6 deacetylase activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18355-18366. [PMID: 33122195 PMCID: PMC7939442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6, SIRT6, is critical for both glucose and lipid homeostasis and is involved in maintaining genomic stability under conditions of oxidative DNA damage such as those observed in age-related diseases. There is an intense search for modulators of SIRT6 activity, however, not many specific activators have been reported. Long acyl-chain fatty acids have been shown to increase the weak in vitro deacetylase activity of SIRT6 but this effect is modest at best. Herein we report that electrophilic nitro-fatty acids (nitro-oleic acid and nitro-conjugated linoleic acid) potently activate SIRT6. Binding of the nitro-fatty acid to the hydrophobic crevice of the SIRT6 active site exerted a moderate activation (2-fold at 20 μm), similar to that previously reported for non-nitrated fatty acids. However, covalent Michael adduct formation with Cys-18, a residue present at the N terminus of SIRT6 but absent from other isoforms, induced a conformational change that resulted in a much stronger activation (40-fold at 20 μm). Molecular modeling of the resulting Michael adduct suggested stabilization of the co-substrate and acyl-binding loops as a possible additional mechanism of SIRT6 activation by the nitro-fatty acid. Importantly, treatment of cells with nitro-oleic acid promoted H3K9 deacetylation, whereas oleic acid had no effect. Altogether, our results show that nitrated fatty acids can be considered a valuable tool for specific SIRT6 activation, and that SIRT6 should be considered as a molecular target for in vivo actions of these anti-inflammatory nitro-lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Carreño
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bresque
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías R Machado
- Laboratorio de Simulaciones Biomoleculares, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Darío A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the health benefits of dietary nitrates including lowering blood pressure and enhancing cardiovascular health. Although commensal oral bacteria play an important role in converting dietary nitrate to nitrite, very little is known about the potential role of these bacteria in blood pressure regulation and maintenance of vascular tone. The main purpose of this review is to present the current evidence on the involvement of the oral microbiome in mediating the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on vascular function and to identify sources of inter-individual differences in bacterial composition. A systematic approach was used to identify the relevant articles published on PubMed and Web of Science in English from January 1950 until September 2019 examining the effects of dietary nitrate on oral microbiome composition and association with blood pressure and vascular tone. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted, with nine in human subjects and three in animals focusing mainly on blood pressure. In general, elimination of oral bacteria with use of a chlorhexidine-based antiseptic mouthwash reduced the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and was accompanied in some studies by an increase in blood pressure in normotensive subjects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that oral bacteria may play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of nitrate-rich foods on blood pressure. Further human intervention studies assessing the potential effects of dietary nitrate on oral bacteria composition and relationship to real-time measures of vascular function are needed, particularly in individuals with hypertension and those at risk of developing CVD.
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30
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Modulatory role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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The solution chemistry of nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen species. Nitric Oxide 2020; 103:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Piesche M, Roos J, Kühn B, Fettel J, Hellmuth N, Brat C, Maucher IV, Awad O, Matrone C, Comerma Steffensen SG, Manolikakes G, Heinicke U, Zacharowski KD, Steinhilber D, Maier TJ. The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Nitro Fatty Acids and Other Michael Acceptor-Containing Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammation and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1297. [PMID: 33013366 PMCID: PMC7495092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro fatty acids (NFAs) are endogenously generated lipid mediators deriving from reactions of unsaturated electrophilic fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species. Furthermore, Mediterranean diets can be a source of NFA. These highly electrophilic fatty acids can undergo Michael addition reaction with cysteine residues, leading to post-translational modifications (PTM) of selected regulatory proteins. Such modifications are capable of changing target protein function during cell signaling or in biosynthetic pathways. NFA target proteins include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), the pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenases (5-LO) biosynthesis pathway as well as soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is essentially involved in the regulation of vascular tone. In several animal models of inflammation and cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of well-tolerated NFA has been demonstrated. This has already led to clinical phase II studies investigating possible therapeutic effects of NFA in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Albeit Michael acceptors feature a broad spectrum of bioactivity, they have for a rather long time been avoided as drug candidates owing to their presumed unselective reactivity and toxicity. However, targeted covalent modification of regulatory proteins by Michael acceptors became recognized as a promising approach to drug discovery with the recent FDA approvals of the cancer therapeutics, afatanib (2013), ibrutinib (2013), and osimertinib (2015). Furthermore, the Michael acceptor, neratinib, a dual inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, was recently approved by the FDA (2017) and by the EMA (2018) for the treatment of breast cancer. Finally, a number of further Michael acceptor drug candidates are currently under clinical investigation for pharmacotherapy of inflammation and cancer. In this review, we focus on the pharmacology of NFA and other Michael acceptor drugs, summarizing their potential as an emerging class of future antiphlogistics and adjuvant in tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.,Oncology Center, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Jessica Roos
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines), Langen, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kühn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fettel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadine Hellmuth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Camilla Brat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Isabelle V Maucher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Omar Awad
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines), Langen, Germany
| | - Carmela Matrone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simon Gabriel Comerma Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Medicine Faculty, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Animal Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heinicke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai D Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Safety of Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines), Langen, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Nickel NP, Yuan K, Dorfmuller P, Provencher S, Lai YC, Bonnet S, Austin ED, Koch CD, Morris A, Perros F, Montani D, Zamanian RT, de Jesus Perez VA. Beyond the Lungs: Systemic Manifestations of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:148-157. [PMID: 31513751 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0656ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by progressive loss and remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, resulting in right heart failure and death. Until recently, PAH was seen as a disease restricted to the pulmonary circulation. However, there is growing evidence that patients with PAH also exhibit systemic vascular dysfunction, as evidenced by impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, abnormal cerebral blood flow, skeletal myopathy, and intrinsic kidney disease. Although some of these anomalies are partially due to right ventricular insufficiency, recent data support a mechanistic link to the genetic and molecular events behind PAH pathogenesis. This review serves as an introduction to the major systemic findings in PAH and the evidence that supports a common mechanistic link with PAH pathophysiology. In addition, it discusses recent studies describing morphological changes in systemic vessels and the possible role of bronchopulmonary anastomoses in the development of plexogenic arteriopathy. On the basis of available evidence, we propose a paradigm in which metabolic abnormalities, genetic injury, and systemic vascular dysfunction contribute to systemic manifestations in PAH. This concept not only opens exciting research possibilities but also encourages clinicians to consider extrapulmonary manifestations in their management of patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils P Nickel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Department of Pathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric D Austin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville Tennessee
| | - Carl D Koch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Inserm Université Paris Sud-Centre chirurgical Marie Lannelongue 999, Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France; and
| | - David Montani
- Inserm Université Paris Sud-Centre chirurgical Marie Lannelongue 999, Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France; and.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Vitturi DA, Maynard C, Olsufka M, Straub AC, Krehel N, Kudenchuk PJ, Nichol G, Sayre M, Kim F, Dezfulian C. Nitrite elicits divergent NO-dependent signaling that associates with outcome in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101463. [PMID: 32087553 PMCID: PMC7033352 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain and heart injury cause most out-of-hospital cardiac arrest deaths but limited pharmacotherapy exists to protect these tissues. Nitrite is a nitric oxide precursor that is protective in pre-clinical models of ischemic injury and safe in Phase I testing. Protection may occur by cGMP generation via the sGC pathway or through S-nitrosothiol and nitrated conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA) formation. We hypothesized that nitrite provided during CPR signals through multiple pathways and that activation of signals is associated with OHCA outcome. To this end, we performed a secondary analysis of a phase 1 study of intravenous nitrite administration during resuscitation in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Associations between whole blood nitrite and derived plasma signals (cGMP and NO2-CLA) with patient characteristics and outcomes were defined using Chi-square or t-tests and multiple logistic regression. Whole blood nitrite levels correlated inversely with plasma NO2-CLA (p = 0.039) but not with cGMP. Patients with shockable rhythms had higher cGMP (p = 0.027), NO2-CLA (p < 0.0001) and trended towards lower nitrite (p = 0.077). Importantly, plasma cGMP and NO2-CLA levels were higher in survivors (p = 0.033 and 0.019) and in those with good neurological outcome (p = 0.046 and 0.021). Nitrite was lower in patients with good neurologic outcome (p = 0.029). cGMP (OR 4.02; 95% CI 1.04–15.54; p = 0.044) and NO2-CLA (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.11–12.65; p = 0.034) were associated with survival. Nitrite (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.05–0.08; p = 0.026) and NO2-CLA (OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.01–15.60; p = 0.049) were associated with favorable neurologic outcome. In summary, nitrite administration was associated with increased plasma cGMP and NO2-CLA formation in selected OHCA patients. Furthermore, patients with the highest levels of cGMP and NO2-CLA were more likely to survive and experience better neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Charles Maynard
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, USA
| | - Michele Olsufka
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nick Krehel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Peter J Kudenchuk
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Graham Nichol
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Michael Sayre
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Cameron Dezfulian
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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Lamas Bervejillo M, Bonanata J, Franchini GR, Richeri A, Marqués JM, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ, Coitiño EL, Córsico B, Rubbo H, Ferreira AM. A FABP4-PPARγ signaling axis regulates human monocyte responses to electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101376. [PMID: 31926616 PMCID: PMC6926352 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are electrophilic lipid mediators derived from unsaturated fatty acid nitration. These species are produced endogenously by metabolic and inflammatory reactions and mediate anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. NO2-FA have been postulated as partial agonists of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), which is predominantly expressed in adipocytes and myeloid cells. Herein, we explored molecular and cellular events associated with PPARγ activation by NO2-FA in monocytes and macrophages. NO2-FA induced the expression of two PPARγ reporter genes, Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) and the scavenger receptor CD36, at early stages of monocyte differentiation into macrophages. These responses were inhibited by the specific PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Attenuated NO2-FA effects on PPARγ signaling were observed once cells were differentiated into macrophages, with a significant but lower FABP4 upregulation, and no induction of CD36. Using in vitro and in silico approaches, we demonstrated that NO2-FA bind to FABP4. Furthermore, the inhibition of monocyte FA binding by FABP4 diminished NO2-FA-induced upregulation of reporter genes that are transcriptionally regulated by PPARγ, Keap1/Nrf2 and HSF1, indicating that FABP4 inhibition mitigates NO2-FA signaling actions. Overall, our results affirm that NO2-FA activate PPARγ in monocytes and upregulate FABP4 expression, thus promoting a positive amplification loop for the downstream signaling actions of this mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamas Bervejillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay
| | - J Bonanata
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - G R Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Richeri
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay
| | - J M Marqués
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vacunas, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay
| | - B A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - F J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - E L Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay.
| | - B Córsico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - H Rubbo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - A M Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
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36
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Complex interrelationships between nitro-alkene-dependent inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase, inflammation and tumor growth. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101405. [PMID: 31926628 PMCID: PMC6928308 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-oleate (10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid), which inhibits soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) by covalently adducting to C521, increases the abundance of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that can be health promoting, for example by lowering blood pressure or their anti-inflammatory actions. However, perhaps consistent with their impact on angiogenesis, increases in EETs may exacerbate progression of some cancers. To assess this, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLc1) cells were exposed to oleate or nitro-oleate, with the latter inhibiting the hydrolase and increasing their proliferation and migration in vitro. The enhanced proliferation induced by nitro-oleate was EET-dependent, being attenuated by the ETT-receptor antagonist 14,15-EE-5(Z)-E. LLc1 cells were engineered to stably overexpress wild-type or C521S sEH, with the latter exhibiting resistance to nitro-oleate-dependent hydrolase inhibition and the associated stimulation of tumor growth in vitro or in vivo. Nitro-oleate also increased migration in endothelial cells isolated from wild-type (WT) mice, but not those from C521S sEH knock-in (KI) transgenic mice genetically modified to render the hydrolase electrophile-resistant. These observations were consistent with nitro-oleate promoting cancer progression, and so the impact of this electrophile was examined in vivo again, but this time comparing growth of LLc1 cells expressing constitutive levels of wild-type hydrolase when implanted into WT or KI mice. Nitro-oleate inhibited tumor sEH (P < 0.05), with a trend for elevated plasma 11(12)-EET/DHET and 8(9)EET/DHET (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid) ratios when administered to WT, but not KI, mice. Although in vitro studies with LLc1 cells supported a role for nitro-oleate in cancer cell proliferation, it failed to significantly stimulate tumor growth in WT mice implanted with the same LLc1 cells in vivo, perhaps due to its well-established anti-inflammatory actions. Indeed, pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated in nitro-oleate treated WT mice, potentially countering any impact of the concomitant inhibition of sEH.
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Abstract
Nitrite, an anion produced from the oxidative breakdown of nitric oxide (NO), has traditionally been viewed as an inert molecule. However, this dogma has been challenged with the findings that nitrite can be readily reduced to NO under pathological conditions, hence representing a physiologically relevant storage reservoir of NO either in the blood or tissues. Nitrite administration has been demonstrated to improve myocardial function in subjects with heart failure and to lower the blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Thus, extensive amount of work has since been carried out to investigate the therapeutic potential of nitrite in treating cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension. Studies done on several animal models of hypertension have demonstrated the efficacy of nitrite in preventing and ameliorating the pathological changes associated with the disease. This brief review of the current findings aims to re-evaluate the use of nitrite for the treatment of hypertension and in particular to highlight its role in improving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chih Ling
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor; and
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Schopfer FJ, Khoo NKH. Nitro-Fatty Acid Logistics: Formation, Biodistribution, Signaling, and Pharmacology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:505-519. [PMID: 31196614 PMCID: PMC7121905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to supporting cellular energetic demands and providing building blocks for lipid synthesis, fatty acids (FAs) are precursors of potent signaling molecules. In particular, the presence of conjugated double bonds on the fatty-acyl chain provides a preferential target for nitration generating nitro-FAs (NO2-FAs). The formation of NO2-FAs is a nonenzymatic process that requires reactive nitrogen species and occurs locally at the site of inflammation or during gastric acidification. NO2-FAs are electrophilic and display pleiotropic signaling actions through reversible protein alkylation. This review focuses on the endogenously formed NO2-FAs' mechanism of absorption, systemic distribution, signaling, and preclinical models. Understanding the dynamics of these processes will facilitate targeted dietary interventions and further the current pharmacological development aimed at low-grade inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Lu H, Sun J, Liang W, Zhang J, Rom O, Garcia-Barrio MT, Li S, Villacorta L, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Chen YE, Fan Y. Novel gene regulatory networks identified in response to nitro-conjugated linoleic acid in human endothelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:224-233. [PMID: 31074702 PMCID: PMC6620647 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00127.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a crucial initiation event in the development of atherosclerosis and is associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure. Both digestive and oxidative inflammatory conditions lead to the endogenous formation of nitrated derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) upon generation of the proximal nitrating species nitrogen dioxide (·NO2) by nitric oxide (·NO) and nitrite-dependent reactions. Nitro-FAs (NO2-FAs) such as nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) and nitro-linoleic acid (NO2-LA) potently inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress, regulate cellular functions, and maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. Recently, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was identified as the preferential FA substrate of nitration in vivo. However, the functions of nitro-CLA (NO2-CLA) in ECs remain to be explored. In the present study, a distinct transcriptome regulated by NO2-CLA was revealed in primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) through RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis identified numerous regulatory networks including those related to the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle, and hypoxic responses by NO2-CLA, suggesting a diverse impact of NO2-CLA and other electrophilic nitrated FAs on cellular processes. These findings extend the understanding of the protective actions of NO2-CLA in cardiovascular diseases and provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms that mediate the pleiotropic cellular responses to NO2-CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jinjian Sun
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenying Liang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Oren Rom
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shengdi Li
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Abstract
Fatty acids not only provide caloric energy in our diets and building blocks of lipids but are also precursors of potent signaling molecules. Fatty acids can undergo enzymatic and non-enzymatic transformations to form autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules that regulate energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. A new class of lipid signaling mediators known as nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) has recently been identified. These NO2-FAs are generated endogenously through non-enzymatic reactions of secondary products of nitrite and nitric oxide and are readily detected in human plasma and urine. NO2-FAs are potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant cell signaling mediators and exert protective effects in numerous pre-clinical animal models of disease including cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal fibrosis. Chronic unresolved inflammation is common key feature underlying most fibrotic disorders. Two pathways that converge on inflammation and oxidative stress are nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). NO2-FAs are pleiotropic signaling modulators that target both of these pathways providing a therapeutic strategy directed towards an integrated decrease in inflammation. This review summarizes the latest findings and understanding of the formation, signaling and anti-fibrotic effects of NO2-FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. USA
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41
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Hughan KS, Wendell SG, Delmastro-Greenwood M, Helbling N, Corey C, Bellavia L, Potti G, Grimes G, Goodpaster B, Kim-Shapiro DB, Shiva S, Freeman BA, Gladwin MT. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate. Hypertension 2019; 70:634-644. [PMID: 28739973 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary NO3- (nitrate) and NO2- (nitrite) support ˙NO (nitric oxide) generation and downstream vascular signaling responses. These nitrogen oxides also generate secondary nitrosating and nitrating species that react with low molecular weight thiols, heme centers, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids. To explore the kinetics of NO3-and NO2-metabolism and the impact of dietary lipid on nitrogen oxide metabolism and cardiovascular responses, the stable isotopes Na15NO3 and Na15NO2 were orally administered in the presence or absence of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA). The reduction of 15NO2- to 15NO was indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of hyperfine splitting patterns reflecting 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin complexes. This formation of 15NO also translated to decreased systolic and mean arterial blood pressures and inhibition of platelet function. Upon concurrent administration of cLA, there was a significant increase in plasma cLA nitration products 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. Coadministration of cLA with 15NO2- also impacted the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of 15NO2-, with cLA administration suppressing plasma NO3-and NO2-levels, decreasing 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin formation, NO2-inhibition of platelet activation, and the vasodilatory actions of NO2-, while enhancing the formation of 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. These results indicate that the biochemical reactions and physiological responses to oral 15NO3-and 15NO2-are significantly impacted by dietary constituents, such as unsaturated lipids. This can explain the variable responses to NO3-and NO2-supplementation in clinical trials and reveals dietary strategies for promoting the generation of pleiotropic nitrogen oxide-derived lipid signaling mediators. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01681836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Hughan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Meghan Delmastro-Greenwood
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Nicole Helbling
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Catherine Corey
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Landon Bellavia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Gopal Potti
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - George Grimes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Sruti Shiva
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
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Hansen AL, Mukai K, Schopfer FJ, Taguchi T, Holm CK. STING palmitoylation as a therapeutic target. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:236-241. [PMID: 30796349 PMCID: PMC6460494 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the STING-encoding gene TMEM173 are central to the pathology of the autoinflammatory disorder STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). Furthermore, excessive activity of the STING signaling pathway is associated with autoinflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS). Two independent studies recently identified pharmacological inhibitors of STING. Strikingly, both types of compounds are reactive nitro-containing electrophiles that target STING palmitoylation, a posttranslational modification necessary for STING signaling. As a consequence, the activation of downstream signaling molecules and the induction of type I interferons were inhibited. The compounds were effective at ameliorating inflammation in a mouse model of AGS and in blocking the production of type I interferons in primary fibroblasts from SAVI patients. This mini-review focuses on the roles of palmitoylation in STING activation and signaling and as a pharmaceutical target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kojiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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43
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid Effects on Cancer, Obesity, and Atherosclerosis: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Human Trials with Current Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020370. [PMID: 30754681 PMCID: PMC6413010 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are straining our healthcare system, necessitating the development of novel strategies for weight loss. Lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and caloric restriction, have proven effective against obesity in the short term, yet obesity persists because of the high predilection for weight regain. Therefore, alternative approaches to achieve long term sustainable weight loss are urgently needed. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid found naturally in ruminant animal food products, has been identified as a potential anti-obesogenic agent, with substantial efficacy in mice, and modest efficacy in obese human populations. Originally described as an anti-carcinogenic fatty acid, in addition to its anti-obesogenic effects, CLA has now been shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties. This review summarizes the pre-clinical and human studies conducted using CLA to date, which collectively suggest that CLA has efficacy against cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis. In addition, the potential mechanisms for the many integrative physiological effects of CLA supplementation will be discussed in detail, including an introduction to the gut microbiota as a potential mediator of CLA effects on obesity and atherosclerosis.
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44
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Melo T, Montero-Bullón JF, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Discovery of bioactive nitrated lipids and nitro-lipid-protein adducts using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101106. [PMID: 30718106 PMCID: PMC6859590 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) undergo reversible Michael adduction reactions with cysteine and histidine residues leading to the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. This electrophilic character of NO2-FA is strictly related to their biological roles. The NO2-FA-induced PTM of signaling proteins can lead to modifications in protein structure, function, and subcellular localization. The nitro lipid-protein adducts trigger a series of downstream signaling events that culminates with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and cytoprotective effects mediated by NO2-FA. These lipoxidation adducts have been detected and characterized both in model systems and in biological samples by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches. These MS approaches allow to unequivocally identify the adduct together with the targeted residue of modification. The identification of the modified proteins allows inferring on the possible impact of the NO2-FA-induced modification. This review will focus on MS-based approaches as valuable tools to identify NO2-FA-protein adducts and to unveil the biological effect of this lipoxidation adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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45
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Wang Z, Ando A, Takeuchi A, Ueda H. Changes in Oxalate, Nitrate, and Lutein Contents in Whole and Cut Spinach Boiled with Different Additives. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Akira Ando
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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46
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Fazzari M, Vitturi DA, Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes are systemically transported and distributed upon esterification to complex lipids. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:388-399. [PMID: 30545956 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids [NO2-FAs (fatty acid nitroalkenes)] showed beneficial signaling actions in preclinical studies and safety in phase 1 clinical trials. A detailed description of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of NO2-FAs is complicated by the capability of electrophilic fatty acids to alkylate thiols reversibly and become esterified in various complex lipids, and the instability of the nitroalkene moiety during enzymatic and base hydrolysis. Herein, we report the mechanism and kinetics of absorption, metabolism, and distribution of the endogenously detectable and prototypical NO2-FA, 10-nitro-oleic acid (10-NO2-OA), in dogs after oral administration. Supported by HPLC-high-resolution-MS/MS analysis of synthetic and plasma-derived 10-NO2-OA-containing triacylglycerides (TAGs), we show that a key mechanism of NO2-FA distribution is an initial esterification into complex lipids. Quantitative analysis of plasma free and esterified lipid fractions confirmed time-dependent preferential incorporation of 10-NO2-OA into TAGs when compared with its principal metabolite, 10-nitro-stearic acid. Finally, new isomers of 10-NO2-OA were identified in vivo, and their electrophilic reactivity and metabolism characterized. Overall, we reveal that NO2-FAs display unique PK, with the principal mechanism of tissue distribution involving complex lipid esterification, which serves to shield the electrophilic character of this mediator from plasma and hepatic inactivation and thus permits efficient distribution to target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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47
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Su YH, Wu SS, Hu CH. Release of nitric oxide from nitrated fatty acids: Insights from computational chemistry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Su
- Department of Chemistry; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Hu
- Department of Chemistry; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua Taiwan
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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49
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Anti-inflammatory nitro-fatty acids suppress tumor growth by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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50
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Carlström M, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Mechanisms underlying blood pressure reduction by dietary inorganic nitrate. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13080. [PMID: 29694703 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) importantly contributes to cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood flow and maintaining endothelial integrity. Conversely, reduced NO bioavailability is a central feature during natural ageing and in many cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. The inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite are endogenously formed after oxidation of NO synthase (NOS)-derived NO and are also present in our daily diet. Knowledge accumulated over the past two decades has demonstrated that these anions can be recycled back to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides via serial reductions that involve oral commensal bacteria and various enzymatic systems. Intake of inorganic nitrate, which is predominantly found in green leafy vegetables and beets, has a variety of favourable cardiovascular effects. As hypertension is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide, much attention has been paid to the blood pressure reducing effect of inorganic nitrate. Here, we describe how dietary nitrate, via stimulation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, affects various organ systems and discuss underlying mechanisms that may contribute to the observed blood pressure-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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