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Meng Z, Liang B, Wu Y, Liu C, Wang H, Du Y, Gan L, Gao E, Lau WB, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Koch WJ, Ma X, Zhao F, Wang Y, Zhao J. Hypoadiponectinemia-induced upregulation of microRNA449b downregulating Nrf-1 aggravates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:1-14. [PMID: 37437402 PMCID: PMC10566306 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes enhances myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (MI/R) injury via an incompletely understood mechanism. Adiponectin (APN) is a cardioprotective adipokine suppressed by diabetes. However, how hypoadiponectinemia exacerbates cardiac injury remains incompletely understood. Dysregulation of miRNAs plays a significant role in disease development. However, whether hypoadiponectinemia alters cardiac miRNA profile, contributing to diabetic heart injury, remains unclear. Methods and Results: Wild-type (WT) and APN knockout (APN-KO) mice were subjected to MI/R. A cardiac microRNA profile was determined. Among 23 miRNAs increased in APN-KO mice following MI/R, miR-449b was most significantly upregulated (3.98-fold over WT mice). Administrating miR-449b mimic increased apoptosis, enlarged infarct size, and impaired cardiac function in WT mice. In contrast, anti-miR-449b decreased apoptosis, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function in APN-KO mice. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 73 miR-449b targeting genes, and GO analysis revealed oxidative stress as the top pathway regulated by these genes. Venn analysis followed by luciferase assay identified Nrf-1 and Ucp3 as the two most important miR-449b targets. In vivo administration of anti-miR-449b in APN-KO mice attenuated MI/R-stimulated superoxide overproduction. In vitro experiments demonstrated that high glucose/high lipid and simulated ischemia/reperfusion upregulated miR-449b and inhibited Nrf-1 and Ucp3 expression. These pathological effects were attenuated by anti-miR-449b or Nrf-1 overexpression. In a final attempt to validate our finding in a clinically relevant model, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice were subjected to MI/R and treated with anti-miR-449b or APN. Diabetes significantly increased miR-449b expression and downregulated Nrf-1 and Ucp3 expression. Administration of anti-miR-449b or APN preserved cardiac Nrf-1 expression, reduced cardiac oxidative stress, decreased apoptosis and infarct size, and improved cardiac function. Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that hypoadiponectinemia upregulates miR-449b and suppresses Nrf-1/Ucp3 expression, promoting oxidative stress and exacerbating MI/R injury in this population. Dysregulated APN/miR-449b/oxidative stress pathway is a potential therapeutic target against diabetic MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Yalin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Yunhui Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Wayne B Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Bernard L Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Fujie Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy via AMPK-Dependent Stabilization of Blood-Retinal Barrier Tight Junctions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050779. [PMID: 35269401 PMCID: PMC8909652 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impairment of the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB) increases the pathological development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a severe complication in diabetic patients. Identifying approaches to preserving iBRB integrity and function is a significant challenge in DR. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is a newly discovered adipokine and a vital biomarker, predicting DR severity. We sought to determine whether and how CTRP3 affects the pathological development of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods To clarify the pathophysiologic progress of the blood–retinal barrier in NPDR and explore its potential mechanism, a mouse Type 2 diabetic model of diabetic retinopathy was used. The capillary leakage was assessed by confocal microscope with fluorescent-labeled protein in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of CTRP3 on the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB) and its molecular mechanism was clarified. Results The results demonstrated that CTRP3 protects iBRB integrity and resists the vascular permeability induced by DR. Mechanistically, the administration of CTRP3 activates the AMPK signaling pathway and enhances the expression of Occludin and Claudin-5 (tight junction protein) in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, CTRP3 improves the injury of human retinal endothelial cells (HRMECs) induced by high glucose/high lipids (HG/HL), and its protective effects are AMPK-dependent. Conclusions In summary, we report, for the first time, that CTRP3 prevents diabetes-induced retinal vascular permeability via stabilizing the tight junctions of the iBRB and through the AMPK-dependent Occludin/Claudin-5 signaling pathway, thus critically affecting the development of NPDR.
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Kruglikov IL, Zhang Z, Scherer PE. Skin aging: Dermal adipocytes metabolically reprogram dermal fibroblasts. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100207. [PMID: 34766637 PMCID: PMC8688300 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data connects the aging process in dermal fibroblasts with metabolic reprogramming, provided by enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced glycolysis. This switch may be caused by a significant expansion of the dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) layer in aged, hair-covered skin. Dermal adipocytes cycle through de-differentiation and re-differentiation. As a result, there is a strongly enhanced release of free fatty acids into the extracellular space during the de-differentiation of dermal adipocytes in the catagen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Both caveolin-1 and adiponectin are critical factors influencing these processes. Controlling the expression levels of these two factors also offers the ability to manipulate the metabolic preferences of the different cell types within the microenvironment of the skin, including dermal fibroblasts. Differential expression of adiponectin and caveolin-1 in the various cell types may also be responsible for the cellular metabolic heterogeneity within the cells of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA,Corresponding author: Scherer, P.E.,
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Meng Z, Liang H, Zhao J, Gao J, Liu C, Ma X, Liu J, Liang B, Jiao X, Cao J, Wang Y. HMOX1 upregulation promotes ferroptosis in diabetic atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2021; 284:119935. [PMID: 34508760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the problem is not adequately resolved by therapeutic strategies with currently available drugs or approaches that solely focus on optimal glycemic control. To identify the key contributors and better understand the mechanism of diabetic atherosclerotic vascular disease, we aimed to elucidate the key genetic characteristics and pathological pathways in atherosclerotic vascular disease through nonbiased bioinformatics analysis and subsequent experimental demonstration and exploration in diabetic atherosclerotic vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-eight upregulated and 23 downregulated genes were identified from the analysis of gene expression profiles (GSE30169 and GSE6584). A comprehensive bioinformatic assay further identified that ferroptosis, a new type of programmed cell death and HMOX1 (a gene that encodes heme oxygenase), were vital factors in atherosclerotic vascular disease. We further demonstrated that diabetes significantly increased ferroptosis and HMOX1 levels compared to normal controls. Importantly, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) effectively attenuated diabetic atherosclerosis, suggesting the causative role of ferroptosis in diabetic atherosclerosis development. At the cellular level, Fer-1 ameliorated high glucose high lipid-induced lipid peroxidation and downregulated ROS production. More importantly, HMOX1 knockdown attenuated Fe2+ overload, reduced iron content and ROS, and alleviated lipid peroxidation, which led to a reduction in ferroptosis in diabetic human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that HMOX1 upregulation is responsible for the increased ferroptosis in diabetic atherosclerosis development, suggesting that HMOX1 may serve as a potential therapeutic or drug development target for diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Meng
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Hongping Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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Wang J, Jiang W, Xin J, Xue W, Shi C, Wen J, Huang Y, Hu C. Caveolin-1 Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Fat Accumulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Enhancing Hepatic Antioxidant Ability via Activating AMPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717276. [PMID: 34305621 PMCID: PMC8293675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for acute liver injury caused by overuse of acetaminophen (APAP). Caveolin-1 (CAV1), a regulator of hepatic energy metabolism and oxidative stress, was found to have a protective effect against NAFLD in our previous study. However, it remains unclear whether CAV1 has a protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine whether CAV1 inhibits oxidative stress through the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to protect the liver from fat accumulation exacerbated by APAP in NAFLD. In this study, seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice (18–20 g) were raised under similar conditions for in vivo experiment. In vitro, L02 cells were treated with A/O (alcohol and oleic acid mixture) for 48 h, and APAP was added at 24 h for further incubation. The results showed that the protein expression of the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway was enhanced after CAV1 upregulation. The effects of CAV1 on fat accumulation, ROS, and the AMPK/Nrf2 anti-oxidative pathway were reduced after the application of CAV1-siRNA. Finally, treatment with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) prevented CAV1 plasmid-mediated alleviation of oxidative stress and fat accumulation and reduced the protein level of Nrf2 in the nucleus, demonstrating that the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was involved in the protective effect of CAV1. These results indicate that CAV1 exerted a protective effect against APAP-aggravated lipid deposition and hepatic injury in NAFLD by inhibiting oxidative stress. Therefore, the upregulation of CAV1 might have clinical benefits in reducing APAP-aggravated hepatotoxicity in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jiao Xin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Weiju Xue
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Congjian Shi
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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Metabolic Syndrome: the Influence of Adipokines on the L-Arginine-NO Synthase-Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome includes the following symptoms: obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of adipokines in the regulation of the L-arginine-NO-synthas-NO signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The main questions raised in the review are: how adipokine secretion changes, how the level of their receptors is regulated, and which signaling pathways are involved in the transmission of adipokine signals when coupled to the L-arginine-NO-synthase-NO signaling cascade. Adipokines are peptide hormones that transmit a signal from adipose tissue to targets in the brain, blood vessels, liver, pancreas, muscles, and other tissues. Some adipokines have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive effects: adiponectin, omentin, adipolin, chemerin, progranulin. Others have the negative inflammatory effect in the development ofmetabolic syndrome: visfatin, vaspin, apelin. Adipokines primarily regulate the expression and activity of endothelial NO-synthase. They either activate an enzyme involving 5-AMP protein kinase or Akt kinase, increasing its activity and synthesis of NO in the tissues of healthy patients: adiponectin, adipolin, omentin, or inhibit the activity of eNOS, which leads to a decrease in NO-synthase and suppression of mRNA bioavailability: vaspin, visfatin, apelin in metabolic syndrome, and a decrease in its activity leads to dissociation and endothelial dysfunction. It should be noted that the bioavailability of NO formed by NO-synthase is affected at many levels, including: the expression ofNO-synthase mRNA and its protein; the concentration of L-arginine; the level of cofactors of the reaction; and to detect the maximum activity of endothelial NO-synthase, dimerization of the enzyme is required, posttranslational modifications are important, in particular, phosphorylation of endothelial NO-synthase by serine 1177 with the participation of 5-AMP protein kinase, Akt kinase and other kinases. It should be noted that the participation of adiponectin, omentin, and kemerin in the regulation of the L-arginine-NO-synthase-NO cascade in metabolic syndrom opens up certain opportunities for the development of new approaches for the correction of disorders observed in this disease. The review analyzes the results of research searching in PubMed databases, starting from 2001 and up to 2020 using keywords and adipokine names, more than half of the references of the last 5 years.
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu C, Liu J, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as an Indication, Contributor to, and Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:615503. [PMID: 33391033 PMCID: PMC7775482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been identified to have significant endocrine and paracrine functions, such as releasing bioactive adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, rather than a non-physiological structural tissue. Considering the contiguity with the vascular wall, PVAT could play a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. Growing clinical evidence has shown an association between PVAT and atherosclerosis. Moreover, based on computed tomography, the fat attenuation index of PVAT was verified as an indication of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, PVAT shows a proatherogenic phenotype by increasing the release of factors that induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thus contributing to atherosclerosis. Growing animal and human studies have investigated the mechanism of the above process, which has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, traditional treatments for atherosclerosis have been proven to act on PVAT, and we found several studies focused on novel drugs that target PVAT for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Emerging as an indication, contributor to, and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, PVAT warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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Oduro PK, Fang J, Niu L, Li Y, Li L, Zhao X, Wang Q. Pharmacological management of vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: TCM and western medicine compared based on biomarkers and biochemical parameters. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104893. [PMID: 32434053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a worldwide health concern while burdening significant populace of countries with time due to a hefty increase in both incidence and prevalence rates. Hyperglycemia has been buttressed both in clinical and experimental studies to modulate widespread molecular actions that effect macro and microvascular dysfunctions. Endothelial dysfunction, activation, inflammation, and endothelial barrier leakage are key factors contributing to vascular complications in diabetes, plus the development of diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases. The recent increase in molecular, transcriptional, and clinical studies has brought a new scope to the understanding of molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, an attempt made to discuss up to date critical and emerging molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and viable pharmacological management targets. Importantly, we exploit some Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM)/TCM isolated bioactive compounds modulating effects on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, clinical studies data on biomarkers and biochemical parameters involved in the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes was compared between clinically used western hypoglycemic drugs and TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jingmei Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Liu J, Meng Z, Gan L, Guo R, Gao J, Liu C, Zhu D, Liu D, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Xie D, Jiao X, Lau WB, Lopez BL, Christopher TA, Ma X, Cao J, Wang Y. C1q/TNF-related protein 5 contributes to diabetic vascular endothelium dysfunction through promoting Nox-1 signaling. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101476. [PMID: 32122792 PMCID: PMC7327962 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulated adipokine profiles contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, a common pathological alteration in cardiovascular disorders, is exaggerated in diabetes. However, it is unclear whether and how dysregulated adipokines may contribute to diabetic EC dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum C1q/TNF-Related Protein 5 (CTRP5) were determined in control/diabetes patients, and control/diabetic mice (high-fat diet, HFD). We observed for the first time that serum total CTRP5 was increased, high molecular weight (HMW) form was decreased, but the globular form (gCTRP5) was significantly increased in diabetic patients. These pathological alterations were reproduced in diabetic mice. To determine the pathological significance of increased gCTRP5 in diabetes, in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. Diabetic atherosclerosis and EC dysfunction were significantly attenuated by the in vivo administration of CTRP5 neutralization antibody (CTRP5Ab). EC apoptosis was significantly increased in diabetic EC (isolated from HFD animal aorta) or high glucose high lipid (HGHL) cultured HUVECs. These pathological alterations were further potentiated by gCTRP5 and attenuated by CTRP5Ab. Pathway specific discovery-driven approach revealed that Nox1 expression was one of the signaling molecules commonly activated by HFD, HGHL, and gCTRP5. Treatment with CTRP5Ab reversed HFD-induced Nox1 upregulation. Finally, Nox1siRNA was used to determine the causative role of Nox1 in gCTRP5 induced EC apoptosis in diabetes. Results showed that gCTRP5 activated the mitochondrial apoptotic signal of EC in diabetes, which was blocked by the silencing Nox1 gene. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that gCTRP5 is a novel molecule contributing to diabetic vascular EC dysfunction through Nox1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, suggesting that interventions blocking gCTRP5 may protect diabetic EC function, ultimately attenuate diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhijun Meng
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dina Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bernard L Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jimin Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Crombez D, Delcambre S, Nonclercq D, Vander Elst L, Laurent S, Cnop M, Muller RN, Burtea C. Modulation of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 by phage display-derived peptides in in vitro and in vivo models. J Drug Target 2020; 28:831-851. [PMID: 31888393 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1710840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often linked to metabolic syndrome, which assembles various risk factors related to obesity. Plasma levels of adiponectin are decreased in T2D and obese subjects. Aiming to develop a peptide able to bind adiponectin receptors and modulate their signalling pathways, a 12-amino acid sequence homologous in AdipoR1/R2 has been targeted by phage display with a linear 12-mer peptide library. The selected peptide P17 recognises AdipoR1/R2 expressed by skeletal muscle, liver and pancreatic islets. In HepaRG and C2C12 cells, P17 induced the activation of AMPK (AMPKα-pT172) and the expression of succinate dehydrogenase and glucokinase; no cytotoxic effects were observed on HepaRG cells. In db/db mice, P17 promoted body weight and glycaemia stabilisation, decreased plasma triglycerides to the range of healthy mice and increased adiponectin (in high fat-fed mice) and insulin (in chow-fed mice) levels. It restored to the range of healthy mice the tissue levels and subcellular distribution of AdipoR1/R2, AMPKα-pT172 and PPARα-pS12. In liver, P17 reduced steatosis and apoptosis. The docking of P17 to AdipoR is reminiscent of the binding mechanism of adiponectin. To conclude, we have developed an AdipoR1/AdipoR2-targeted peptide that modulates adiponectin signalling pathways and has therapeutic relevance for T2D and obesity associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Crombez
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Delcambre
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Denis Nonclercq
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Division of Endocrinology, ULB Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert N Muller
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Carmen Burtea
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons - UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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11
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Atawia RT, Bunch KL, Toque HA, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2019; 24:890-934. [PMID: 30844720 PMCID: PMC6689231 DOI: 10.2741/4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and its prevalence is climbing. Obesity is characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes with a dysregulated adipokine secretion profile, increased recruitment of inflammatory cells, and impaired metabolic homeostasis that eventually results in the development of systemic insulin resistance, a phenotype of type 2 diabetes. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that converts L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO), which functions to maintain vascular and adipocyte homeostasis. Arginase is a ureohydrolase enzyme that competes with NOS for L-arginine. Arginase activity/expression is upregulated in obesity, which results in diminished bioavailability of NO, impairing both adipocyte and vascular endothelial cell function. Given the emerging role of NO in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and metabolic capacity, this review explores the interplay between arginase and NO, and their effect on the development of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction is necessary for the identification of more effective and tailored therapeutic avenues for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Katharine L Bunch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Robert W Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904,USA,
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12
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Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071841. [PMID: 29932128 PMCID: PMC6073358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler is a lethal pear pathogen that causes leaf black spot disease of pear in Southern China. Heat-stable activity factor (HSAF) is a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PTM) produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes and many other microbes with a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against many filamentous fungi. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal effect of HSAF against A. alternata and proposed its antifungal mechanism in A. alternata. We report that HSAF inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that HSAF treatment resulted in an expression alteration of a wide range of genes, with 3729 genes being up-regulated, and 3640 genes being down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed that HSAF treatment disrupted multiple signaling networks and essential cellular metabolisms in A. alternata, including the AMPK signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathway, carbon metabolism and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, cell cycle, nitrogen metabolism, cell wall synthesis and a key hub protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). These observations suggest that HSAF breaches metabolism networks and ultimately induces increased thickness of the cell wall and apoptosis in A. alternata. The improved understanding of the antifungal mechanism of HSAF against filamentous fungi will aid in the future identification of the direct interaction target of HSAF and development of HSAF as a novel bio-fungicide.
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Mora-García G, Gómez-Camargo D, Alario Á, Gómez-Alegría C. A Common Variation in the Caveolin 1 Gene Is Associated with High Serum Triglycerides and Metabolic Syndrome in an Admixed Latin American Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:453-463. [PMID: 29762069 PMCID: PMC6211369 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The caveolin 1 (CAV1) gene has been associated with metabolic traits in animal models and human cohorts. Recently, a prevalent variant in CAV1 has been found to be related to metabolic syndrome in Hispanics living in North America. Since Hispanics represent an admixed population at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, in this study a Latin American population with a similar genetic background was assessed. Objective: To analyze a genetic association between CAV1 and metabolic traits in an admixed Latin American population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with adults from the Colombian Caribbean Coast, selected in urban clusters and work places through a stratified sampling to include diverse ages and socioeconomic groups. Blood pressure and waist circumference were registered. Serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured from an 8-hr fasting whole-blood sample. Two previously analyzed CAV1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped (rs926198 and rs11773845). A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the associations. An admixture adjustment was performed through a Bayesian model. Results: A total of 605 subjects were included. rs11773845 was associated with hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, p = 0.001] and the metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.53, p = 0.02). When admixture adjustment was performed these genetic associations preserved their statistical significance. There were no significant associations between rs926198 and metabolic traits. Conclusions: The CAV1 variation rs11773845 was found to be consistently associated with high serum triglycerides and the metabolic syndrome. This is the first report of a relationship between CAV1 variants and serum triglycerides in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mora-García
- 1 Grupo UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena , Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Doris Gómez-Camargo
- 1 Grupo UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena , Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Ángelo Alario
- 2 Departamento Médico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena , Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Claudio Gómez-Alegría
- 3 Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá, Colombia
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14
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Yang Q, Fu C, Xiao J, Ye Z. Uric acid upregulates the adiponectin‑adiponectin receptor 1 pathway in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3545-3554. [PMID: 29359786 PMCID: PMC5802152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is a protein hormone that is primarily derived from adipocytes. It can also be secreted by renal cells. Hypoadiponectinemia has been documented in patients with hyperuricemia, however, whether soluble uric acid (SUA) regulates the expression of APN and APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the expression of APN and AdipoR1 in cultured PTECs that were exposed to SUA through immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats with oxonic acid-induced hyperuricemia (HUA) with or without febuxostat treatment were employed as an animal model to measure 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Renal pathology was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. APN and AdipoR1 expression in the renal cortex were evaluated by western blotting. The results demonstrated that, in PTECs, the expression of APN and AdipoR1 was constant and increased upon SUA exposure. Similar observations were made within the proximal renal tubules of rats, and the oxonic acid-induced increases in APN and AdipoR1 were offset by febuxostat treatment. Furthermore, SUA-treated PTECs exhibited an increase in the expression of NLR family pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3, which was dose-dependent. NLRP3 expression was also significantly increased in the renal cortex of HUA rats compared with control and febuxostat-treated rats. In conclusion, SUA enhanced the expression of APN and AdipoR1 in PTECs, which was associated with an increase in NLRP3 expression. The APN-AdipoR1 pathway was demonstrated to have an important role in in vitro and in vivo models of renal proximal tubule inflammatory injury. Therefore, this pathway may be a potential therapy target in urate nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chensheng Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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15
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Yan Z, Zhao J, Gan L, Zhang Y, Guo R, Cao X, Lau WB, Ma X, Wang Y. CTRP3 is a novel biomarker for diabetic retinopathy and inhibits HGHL-induced VCAM-1 expression in an AMPK-dependent manner. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28632765 PMCID: PMC5478095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of chronic diabetes. The C1q/TNF-related protein family (CTRPs) has been demonstrated to exert protective effects against obesity and atherosclerosis in animal studies. Heretofore, the association between circulating CTRPs and DR patients has been unexplored. In the current study, we attempt to define this association, as well as the effect of CTRPs upon DR pathophysiology. Design The present investigation is a case control study that enrolled control subjects and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients diagnosed with DR. Serum CTRPs and sVACM-1 were determined by ELISA. Results Serum CTRP3 and CTRP5 levels were markedly decreased in patients with T2DM compared to controls (p<0.05) and inversely associated with T2DM. Furthermore, mutivariate regression and ROC analysis revealed CTRP3 deficiency, not CTRP5, was associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Spearman’s rank correlation assay demonstrated an inverse association between CTRP3 and sVCAM-1. Finally, exogenous CTRP3 administration attenuated high glucose high lipid (HGHL)-induced VCAM-1 production in an AMPK-dependent manner in cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). Conclusion CTRP3 may serve as a novel biomarker for DR severity. CTRP3 may represent a future novel therapeutic against DR, a common ocular complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of death, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths worldwide. The increase in obesity rates over 3 decades is widespread and threatens the public health in both developed and developing countries. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causes the clustering of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, culminating in the development of CVD. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage organ, but an active endocrine tissue producing various biologically active proteins known as adipokines. Since leptin, a central regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, was demonstrated to be an adipose-specific adipokine, attention has focused on the identification and characterization of unknown adipokines to clarify the mechanisms underlying obesity-related disorders. Numerous adipokines have been identified in the past 2 decades; most adipokines are upregulated in the obese state. Adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and resistin are pro-inflammatory, and exacerbate various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, a small number of adipokines, including adiponectin, are decreased by obesity, and generally exhibit antiinflammatory properties and protective functions against obesity-related diseases. Collectively, an imbalance in the production of pro- and antiinflammatory adipokines in the obese condition results in multiple complications. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiologic roles of adipokines with cardiovascular protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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17
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Upadhyaya B, McCormack L, Fardin-Kia AR, Juenemann R, Nichenametla S, Clapper J, Specker B, Dey M. Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28797. [PMID: 27356770 PMCID: PMC4928084 DOI: 10.1038/srep28797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Upadhyaya
- Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Lacey McCormack
- Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ali Reza Fardin-Kia
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-717, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Robert Juenemann
- Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Sailendra Nichenametla
- Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Jeffrey Clapper
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Bonny Specker
- Ethel Austin Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Moul Dey
- Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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18
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Adiponectin at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations Enhances the Vasorelaxative Effect of Acetylcholine via Cav-1/AdipoR-1 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152247. [PMID: 27023866 PMCID: PMC4811582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have identified hypoadiponectinemia as an independent hypertension risk factor. It is known that adiponectin (APN) can directly cause vasodilation, but the doses required exceed physiologic levels several fold. In the current study, we determine the effect of physiologically relevant APN concentrations upon vascular tone, and investigate the mechanism(s) responsible. Physiologic APN concentrations alone induced no significant vasorelaxation. Interestingly, pretreatment of wild type mouse aortae with physiologic APN levels significantly enhanced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation (P<0.01), an endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated process. Knockout of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) or caveolin-1 (Cav-1, a cell signaling facilitating molecule), but not adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) abolished APN-enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Immunoblot assay revealed APN promoted the AdipoR1/Cav1 signaling complex in human endothelial cells. Treatment of HUVECs with physiologic APN concentrations caused significant eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production (P<0.01), an effect abolished in knockdown of either AdipoR1 or Cav-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time physiologic APN levels enhance the vasorelaxative response to ACh by inducing NO production through AdipoR1/Cav-1 mediated signaling. In physiologic conditions, APN plays an important function of maintaining vascular tone.
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