1
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Liu H, Wu Y, Wang Z. Long-term exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentration causes suppression in heme homeostasis signal associated with transgenerational toxicity induction in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132124. [PMID: 37499489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Heme homeostasis related signaling participates in inducing a protective response when controlling nanopolystyrene toxic effects in parental generation. However, whether the heme homeostasis signal is involved in regulation of transgenerational toxicity of nanopolystyrene toxicity is still unclear. Herein, with the model organism of Caenorhabditis elegans, 0.1-10 μg/L nanopolystyrene particles (PS-NPs) at 20-nm treatment downregulated glb-18, and the decrease was also discovered in the offspring following PS-NPs exposure. Germline glb-18 RNAi induced susceptive property to transgenerational PS-NPs toxicity, suggesting that a decreased GLB-18 level mediated induction of transgenerational toxicity. Importantly, germline GLB-18 transgenerationally activated the function of intestinal HRG-4 in controlling transgenerational PS-NPs toxicity. In transgenerational toxicity control, HRG-1/ATFS-1/HSP-6 was recognized to be the downstream pathway of HRG-4. Briefly, germline GLB-18 in P0 generation can transgenerationally activate the downstream intestinal HRG-4/HRG-1/ATFS-1/HSP-6 pathway among offspring for controlling the transgenerational toxicity of PS-NPs. Findings in the present work strengthens the possible association of heme homeostasis signal changes with transgenerational nanoplastic toxicity within the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Liu
- Environment and Health Research Division, Public Health Research Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Environment and Health Research Division, Public Health Research Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Li CY, Jiang HF, Li L, Lai XJ, Liu QR, Yu SB, Yi CL, Chen XQ. Neuroglobin Facilitates Neuronal Oxygenation through Tropic Migration under Hypoxia or Anemia in Rat: How Does the Brain Breathe? Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1481-1496. [PMID: 36884214 PMCID: PMC10533768 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of neuroglobin (Ngb), a brain- or neuron-specific member of the hemoglobin family, has revolutionized our understanding of brain oxygen metabolism. Currently, how Ngb plays such a role remains far from clear. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which Ngb might facilitate neuronal oxygenation upon hypoxia or anemia. We found that Ngb was present in, co-localized to, and co-migrated with mitochondria in the cell body and neurites of neurons. Hypoxia induced a sudden and prominent migration of Ngb towards the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) or cell surface in living neurons, and this was accompanied by the mitochondria. In vivo, hypotonic and anemic hypoxia induced a reversible Ngb migration toward the CM in cerebral cortical neurons in rat brains but did not alter the expression level of Ngb or its cytoplasm/mitochondria ratio. Knock-down of Ngb by RNA interference significantly diminished respiratory succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activity in neuronal N2a cells. Over-expression of Ngb enhanced SDH activity in N2a cells upon hypoxia. Mutation of Ngb at its oxygen-binding site (His64) significantly increased SDH activity and reduced ATPase activity in N2a cells. Taken together, Ngb was physically and functionally linked to mitochondria. In response to an insufficient oxygen supply, Ngb migrated towards the source of oxygen to facilitate neuronal oxygenation. This novel mechanism of neuronal respiration provides new insights into the understanding and treatment of neurological diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease and diseases that cause hypoxia in the brain such as anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian-Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shang-Bin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng-La Yi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Tong-ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, The Ministry of Education (HUST), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Hu W, Li P, Zeng N, Tan S. Exploring the hub mechanisms of ischemic stroke based on protein-protein interaction networks related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1741. [PMID: 36720935 PMCID: PMC9887582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is highly concerning because it often leads to severe long-term neurological disability. Among clinical trials, ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease interactions have been increasingly reported in recent years. Therefore, using bioinformatics approaches to explore novel protein interactions between them is of interest. We performed this exploratory analysis by using bioinformatics tools such as string to analyze gene data downloaded from NHGRI-GWAS data related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. We constructed a prospective protein interaction network for ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease, identifying cytokine and interleukin-related signaling pathways, Spliceosome, Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), Thrombus, and Anticoagulation pathways as the crucial biological mechanisms of the network. Furthermore, we also used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) to detect differential protein expression in eight samples, which also suggested that immune system, signal transduction, and hemostasis-related pathways are key signaling pathways. These findings may provide a basis for understanding the interaction between these two states and exploring possible molecular and therapeutic studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Nianju Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Sheng Tan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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4
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Saraiva FMS, Cosentino-Gomes D, Inacio JDF, Almeida-Amaral EE, Louzada-Neto O, Rossini A, Nogueira NP, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Paes MC. Hypoxia Effects on Trypanosoma cruzi Epimastigotes Proliferation, Differentiation, and Energy Metabolism. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080897. [PMID: 36015018 PMCID: PMC9416468 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, faces changes in redox status and nutritional availability during its life cycle. However, the influence of oxygen fluctuation upon the biology of T. cruzi is unclear. The present work investigated the response of T. cruzi epimastigotes to hypoxia. The parasites showed an adaptation to the hypoxic condition, presenting an increase in proliferation and a reduction in metacyclogenesis. Additionally, parasites cultured in hypoxia produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to parasites cultured in normoxia. The analyses of the mitochondrial physiology demonstrated that hypoxic condition induced a decrease in both oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in epimastigotes. In spite of that, ATP levels of parasites cultivated in hypoxia increased. The hypoxic condition also increased the expression of the hexokinase and NADH fumarate reductase genes and reduced NAD(P)H, suggesting that this increase in ATP levels of hypoxia-challenged parasites was a consequence of increased glycolysis and fermentation pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that decreased oxygen levels trigger a shift in the bioenergetic metabolism of T. cruzi epimastigotes, favoring ROS production and fermentation to sustain ATP production, allowing the parasite to survive and proliferate in the insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. S. Saraiva
- Trypanosomatids and Vectors Interaction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cosentino-Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Job D. F. Inacio
- Tripanosomatide Biochemistry Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Elmo E. Almeida-Amaral
- Tripanosomatide Biochemistry Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Orlando Louzada-Neto
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, IBRAG- UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil
| | - Ana Rossini
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, IBRAG- UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20511-010, Brazil
| | - Natália P. Nogueira
- Trypanosomatids and Vectors Interaction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology—Molecular Entomology (INCT-EM), Brasília 70000-000, Brazil
| | - José R. Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Paes
- Trypanosomatids and Vectors Interaction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology—Molecular Entomology (INCT-EM), Brasília 70000-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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5
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Exertier C, Montemiglio LC, Freda I, Gugole E, Parisi G, Savino C, Vallone B. Neuroglobin, clues to function and mechanism. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 84:101055. [PMID: 34876274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin is expressed in vertebrate brain and belongs to a branch of the globin family that diverged early in evolution. Sequence conservation and presence in nervous cells of several taxa suggests a relevant role in the nervous system, with tight structural restraints. Twenty years after its discovery, a rich scientific literature provides convincing evidence of the involvement of neuroglobin in sustaining neuron viability in physiological and pathological conditions however, a full and conclusive picture of its specific function, or set of functions is still lacking. The difficulty of unambiguously assigning a precise mechanism and biochemical role to neuroglobin might arise from the participation to one or more cell mechanism that redundantly guarantee the functioning of the highly specialized and metabolically demanding central nervous system of vertebrates. Here we collect findings and hypotheses arising from recent biochemical, biophysical, structural, in cell and in vivo experimental work on neuroglobin, aiming at providing an overview of the most recent literature. Proteins are said to have jobs and hobbies, it is possible that, in the case of neuroglobin, evolution has selected for it more than one job, and support to cover for its occasional failings. Disentangling the mechanisms and roles of neuroglobin is thus a challenging task that might be achieved by considering data from different disciplines and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Exertier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Celeste Montemiglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Freda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gugole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parisi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Savino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Vallone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Lim Y, Berry B, Viteri S, McCall M, Park EC, Rongo C, Brookes PS, Nehrke K. FNDC-1-mediated mitophagy and ATFS-1 coordinate to protect against hypoxia-reoxygenation. Autophagy 2021; 17:3389-3401. [PMID: 33416042 PMCID: PMC8632273 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) balances organelle adaptation and elimination, and mechanistic crosstalk between the underlying molecular processes affects subsequent stress outcomes. FUNDC1 (FUN14 domain containing 1) is a mammalian mitophagy receptor that responds to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) stress. Here, we provide evidence that FNDC-1 is the C. elegans ortholog of FUNDC1, and that its loss protects against injury in a worm model of HR. This protection depends upon ATFS-1, a transcription factor that is central to the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Global mRNA and metabolite profiling suggest that atfs-1-dependent stress responses and metabolic remodeling occur in response to the loss of fndc-1. These data support a role for FNDC-1 in non-hypoxic MQC, and further suggest that these changes are prophylactic in relation to subsequent HR. Our results highlight functional coordination between mitochondrial adaptation and elimination that organizes stress responses and metabolic rewiring to protect against HR injury.Abbreviations: AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; HR: hypoxia-reperfusion; IR: ischemia-reperfusion; lof: loss of function; MQC: mitochondrial quality control; PCA: principle component analysis; PPP: pentonse phosphate pathway; proK (proteinase K);UPRmt: mitochondrial unfolded protein response; RNAi: RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunki Lim
- Medicine and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brandon Berry
- Pharmacology and Physiology and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Viteri
- Medicine and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Matthew McCall
- Biostatistics and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eun Chan Park
- Department of Genetics , Waksman Institute/Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher Rongo
- Department of Genetics , Waksman Institute/Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul S. Brookes
- Pharmacology and Physiology and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Anesthesiology, and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Keith Nehrke
- Medicine and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Pharmacology and Physiology and Perioperative Medicine Departments, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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7
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Hammarlund EU. Harnessing hypoxia as an evolutionary driver of complex multicellularity. Interface Focus 2020; 10:20190101. [PMID: 32642048 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal tissue requires low-oxygen conditions for its maintenance. The need for low-oxygen conditions contrasts with the idea of an evolutionary leap in animal diversity as a result of expanding oxic conditions. To accommodate tissue renewal at oxic conditions, however, vertebrate animals and vascular plants demonstrate abilities to access hypoxia. Here, I argue that multicellular organisms sustain oxic conditions first after internalizing hypoxic conditions. The 'harnessing' of hypoxia has allowed multicellular evolution to leave niches that were stable in terms of oxygen concentrations for those where oxygen fluctuates. Since oxygen fluctuates in most settings on Earth's surface, the ancestral niche would have been a deep marine setting. The hypothesis that 'large life' depends on harnessing hypoxia is illustrated in the context of conditions that promote the immature cell phenotype (stemness) in animal physiology and tumour biology and offers one explanation for the general rarity of diverse multicellularity over most of Earth's history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma U Hammarlund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, Medicon Village Building 404, 223 81 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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8
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Romero-Afrima L, Zelmanovich V, Abergel Z, Zuckerman B, Shaked M, Abergel R, Livshits L, Smith Y, Gross E. Ferritin is regulated by a neuro-intestinal axis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101359. [PMID: 31677552 PMCID: PMC6920132 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is vital for the life of most organisms. However, when dysregulated, iron can catalyze the formation of oxygen (O2) radicals that can destroy any biological molecule and thus lead to oxidative injury and death. Therefore, iron metabolism must be tightly regulated at all times, as well as coordinated with the metabolism of O2. However, how is this achieved at the whole animal level is not well understood. Here, we explore this question using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. This O2-dependent inhibition is mediated by O2-sensing neurons that communicate with the intestine through neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signalling, and requires the activity of hydroxylated HIF-1. By contrast, the induction of ftn-1 in hypoxia appears to be HIF-1-independent. This upregulation provides protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and oxidative injury. Taken together, our studies uncover a neuro-intestine axis that coordinates O2 and iron responses at the whole animal level. The expression of ferritin 1 (ftn-1) is tightly regulated by O2 tension. O2-sensing neurons inhibit the expression of ftn-1 in the intestine at 21% O2. Hydroxylated–HIF–1 inhibits the expression of ftn-1 at 21% O2. ftn-1 is important for protecting against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Romero-Afrima
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Veronica Zelmanovich
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Zohar Abergel
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Binyamin Zuckerman
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Maayan Shaked
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Rachel Abergel
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Leonid Livshits
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel.
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9
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Zhao Y, Long L, Xu W, Campbell RF, Large EE, Greene JS, McGrath PT. Changes to social feeding behaviors are not sufficient for fitness gains of the Caenorhabditis elegans N2 reference strain. eLife 2018; 7:38675. [PMID: 30328811 PMCID: PMC6224195 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard reference Caenorhabditis elegans strain, N2, has evolved marked behavioral changes in social feeding behavior since its isolation from the wild. We show that the causal, laboratory-derived mutations in two genes, npr-1 and glb-5, confer large fitness advantages in standard laboratory conditions. Using environmental manipulations that suppress social/solitary behavior differences, we show the fitness advantages of the derived alleles remained unchanged, suggesting selection on these alleles acted through pleiotropic traits. Transcriptomics, developmental timing, and food consumption assays showed that N2 animals mature faster, produce more sperm, and consume more food than a strain containing ancestral alleles of these genes regardless of behavioral strategies. Our data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of glb-5 and npr-1 are a consequence of changes to O2 -sensing neurons that regulate both aerotaxis and energy homeostasis. Our results demonstrate how pleiotropy can lead to profound behavioral changes in a popular laboratory model. Why do humans walk on two feet? And what makes us smarter than our ape ancestors? The answers to these questions, and countless others about the particular traits of any number of species, is often said to be natural selection – a process where genes that ensure the survival of a species are favored of others. But it is not always the answer. Other evolutionary forces, such as random changes to the frequency of certain gene variants, restrictions on the development of a certain trait and pleiotropy (where one gene influences other, seemingly unrelated traits) can also cause differences between species. Designing experiments to test whether a trait difference is due to natural selection or other factors is notoriously difficult. However, the humble nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, has proven to be particularly useful in this respect. One subtype or strain of C. elegans with certain changes to its genes is used internationally as a ‘reference strain’, to ensure results between labs are comparable. This strain, N2, has been bred in the laboratory for hundreds of generations, isolated from its wild counterparts. N2 shows several differences in behavior from the wildtype, including its feeding habits. Wild C. elegans tend to feed together socially, whereas N2 prefers to feed alone. In 1998 and 2009, researchers – including some involved in the current study – have identified the genetic modifications responsible for this change in behavior. Now, Zhao et al. set out to determine whether this was due to natural selection, and if so, was there a benefit to solitary feeding in laboratory conditions that was driving this genetic change? Zhao et al. found that the genetic changes in the N2 strain gave the worms a considerable advantage in the artificial environment. However, experiments to modify the conditions the animals grew in revealed that the solitary feeding habits were not necessary for the fitness advantage. In other words, the changes in feeding habits were a symptom of the genetic changes that gave N2 a selective advantage, but they were not the cause. In other words, the changes in feeding behavior were not a result of natural selection, but rather of pleiotropy. The findings highlight that not every change in a trait is down to natural selection and must therefore be put to the test. With declining costs of DNA sequencing, researchers can now easily identify genes and regions of DNA that are likely to be under selection. However, they must be careful before leaping to the conclusion that behavioral differences linked to genetic changes are adaptive. In addition, the findings show that the laboratories relying on N2 as a model organism should be aware that the strain has evolved fundamental differences in its brain connections compared with the wildtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Lijiang Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Richard F Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Edward E Large
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | | | - Patrick T McGrath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States.,Department of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States.,Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
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10
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Bai Y, Liu S, Wang X, Du X, Ji G, Zhang S. Identification of neuroglobin as a novel player in anti-bacterial responses in amphioxus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:157-165. [PMID: 28803930 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical considerations support various functions of neuroglobin (Ngb), but further studies are required for full characterization of these functions. In this study, we identified the presence of a single Ngb gene, BjNgb, in the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum. BjNgb was expressed in various tissues including the notochord, gonads (ovary and testis) and gill, and up-regulated significantly in response to the challenge with LPS and LTA, suggesting involvement in immune response of amphioxus against bacterial infection. In accord, we demonstrated for the first time that recombinant BjNgb (rBjNgb) not only interacted with the Gram-positive and negative bacteria as well as their conserved surface components LPS and LTA, but also enhanced the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages. Collectively, these data suggest that BjNgb is a novel player in amphioxus, via functioning as a pattern recognition molecule and an opsonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Du
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Abergel R, Gross E. Can oxygen anosmia extend lifespan? Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2241-2242. [PMID: 29190215 PMCID: PMC5723683 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abergel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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