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Cao Y, Wang Y, Li W, Feng J, Chen Y, Chen R, Hu L, Wei J. Fasudil attenuates oxidative stress-induced partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells in hyperuricemic nephropathy via activating Nrf2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176640. [PMID: 38750716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Anti-partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) treatment of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) represents a promising therapeutic approach. Hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN) arises as a consequence of hyperuricemia (HUA)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Studies have suggested that the Ras homolog member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway is a crucial signaling transduction system in renal fibrosis. Fasudil, a RhoA/ROCK inhibitor, has exhibited the potential to prevent fibrosis progress. However, its impact on the pEMT of TECs in HN remains unclear. Here, an HN rat model and an uric acid (UA)-stimulated human kidney 2 (HK2) cell model were established and treated with Fasudil to explore its effects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of action involved in the attenuation of pEMT in TECs by Fasudil during HN was probed by using multiple molecular approaches. The HN rat model exhibited significant renal dysfunction and histopathological damage, whereas in vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the pEMT status accompanied by RhoA/ROCK pathway activation and oxidative stress in tubular cells exposed to UA. Notably, Fasudil ameliorated these pathological changes, and this was consistent with the trend of ROCK silencing in vitro. Mechanistically, we identified the Neh2 domain of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a target of Fasudil for the first time. Fasudil targets Nrf2 activation and antagonizes oxidative stress to attenuate the pEMT of TECs in HN. Our findings suggest that Fasudil attenuates oxidative stress-induced pEMT of TECs in HN by targeting Nrf2 activation. Thus, Fasudil is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Division of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China; Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jianan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ruike Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Langtao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiali Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Wu S, Zhao W, Yu Z. Novel Targets and Potential Mechanisms of Mizuhopecten yessoensis-Derived Tripeptide NCW as Antihypertensive Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300552. [PMID: 38366946 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Mizuhopecten yessoensis-derived tripeptide Asn-Cys-Trp (NCW) exhibits a potent antihypertensive effect in vivo. However, a lack of knowledge of the antihypertensive mechanism of tripeptide NCW limits its application for functional foods industrialization. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the corresponding targets and mechanisms of tripeptide NCW in hypertension regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of tripeptide NCW for 3 weeks, the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) is significantly decreased. After sacrifice, the serum sample is analyzed using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis indicates that tripeptide NCW administration alters serum protein profiles in SHR rats, significantly upregulating 106 proteins and downregulating 30 proteins. These proteins enhance the glycolysis, glucose, and TCA cycle, improve amino metabolism, trigger the cAMP/PKA, cGMP/PKG, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK signal pathways, and inhibit Ras-regulated JNK activation, TGF-β/MAPK, and TGF-β/ RhoA/ROCK pathways. CONCLUSION Tripeptide NCW supplementation is demonstrated to regulate signal pathways involved in the control of blood pressure and regulate the energy and amino acids metabolic processes in serum, providing important insights into the protective effects of tripeptide NCW on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
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Lamb FS, Choi H, Miller MR, Stark RJ. Vascular Inflammation and Smooth Muscle Contractility: The Role of Nox1-Derived Superoxide and LRRC8 Anion Channels. Hypertension 2024; 81:752-763. [PMID: 38174563 PMCID: PMC10954410 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation underlies the development of hypertension, and the mechanisms by which it increases blood pressure remain the topic of intense investigation. Proinflammatory factors including glucose, salt, vasoconstrictors, cytokines, wall stress, and growth factors enhance contractility and impair relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. These pathways share a dependence upon redox signaling, and excessive activation promotes oxidative stress that promotes vascular aging. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and migration into the intima contribute to atherosclerosis, while hypercontractility increases systemic vascular resistance and vasospasm that can trigger ischemia. Here, we review factors that drive the initiation and progression of this vasculopathy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of reactive oxygen species generated by the Nox1 NADPH oxidase which produces extracellular superoxide (O2•-). The mechanisms of O2•- signaling remain poorly defined, but recent evidence demonstrates physical association of Nox1 with leucine-rich repeat containing 8 family volume-sensitive anion channels. These may provide a pathway for influx of O2•- to the cytoplasm, creating an oxidized cytoplasmic nanodomain where redox-based signals can affect both cytoskeletal structure and vasomotor function. Understanding the mechanistic links between inflammation, O2•- and vascular smooth muscle cell contractility may facilitate targeting of anti-inflammatory therapy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael R Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Moleón J, González-Correa C, Miñano S, Robles-Vera I, de la Visitación N, Barranco AM, Gómez-Guzmán M, Sánchez M, Riesco P, Guerra-Hernández E, Toral M, Romero M, Duarte J. Protective effect of microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids on vascular dysfunction in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus induced by toll like receptor 7 activation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106997. [PMID: 37972724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically acetate and butyrate, could prevent vascular dysfunction and elevated blood pressure (BP) in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) induced by TLR7 activation using imiquimod (IMQ). Treatment with both SCFAs and dietary fibers rich in resistant starch (RS) or inulin-type fructans (ITF) effectively prevented the development of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, these treatments improved aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine and mitigated vascular oxidative stress. Acetate and butyrate treatments also contributed to the maintenance of colonic integrity, reduced endotoxemia, and decreased the proportion of helper T (Th)17 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), blood, and aorta in TLR7-induced SLE mice. The observed changes in MLNs were correlated with increased levels of GPR43 mRNA in mice treated with acetate and increased GPR41 levels along with decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC)- 3 levels in mice treated with butyrate. Notably, the effects attributed to acetate, but not butyrate, were nullified when co-administered with the GPR43 antagonist GLPG-0974. T cell priming and differentiation into Th17 cells in MLNs, as well as increased Th17 cell infiltration, were linked to aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertension subsequent to the transfer of faecal microbiota from IMQ-treated mice to germ-free (GF) mice. These effects were counteracted in GF mice through treatment with either acetate or butyrate. To conclude, these findings underscore the potential of SCFA consumption in averting hypertension by restoring balance to the interplay between the gut, immune system, and vascular wall in SLE induced by TLR7 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moleón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Sofía Miñano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio Manuel Barranco
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Riesco
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
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Moleón J, González-Correa C, Robles-Vera I, Miñano S, de la Visitación N, Barranco AM, Martín-Morales N, O’Valle F, Mayo-Martínez L, García A, Toral M, Jiménez R, Romero M, Duarte J. Targeting the gut microbiota with dietary fibers: a novel approach to prevent the development cardiovascular complications linked to systemic lupus erythematosus in a preclinical study. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2247053. [PMID: 37615336 PMCID: PMC10453983 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate whether dietary fiber intake prevents vascular and renal damage in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the contribution of gut microbiota in the protective effects. Female NZBWF1 (SLE) mice were treated with resistant-starch (RS) or inulin-type fructans (ITF). In addition, inoculation of fecal microbiota from these experimental groups to recipient normotensive female C57Bl/6J germ-free (GF) mice was performed. Both fiber treatments, especially RS, prevented the development of hypertension, renal injury, improved the aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine, and the vascular oxidative stress. RS and ITF treatments increased the proportion of acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria, respectively, improved colonic inflammation and integrity, endotoxemia, and decreased helper T (Th)17 proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), blood, and aorta in SLE mice. However, disease activity (splenomegaly and anti-ds-DNA) was unaffected by both fibers. T cell priming and Th17 differentiation in MLNs and increased Th17 infiltration was linked to aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertension after inoculation of fecal microbiota from SLE mice to GF mice, without changes in proteinuria and autoimmunity. All these effects were lower in GF mice after fecal inoculation from fiber-treated SLE mice. In conclusion, these findings support that fiber consumption prevented the development of hypertension by rebalancing of dysfunctional gut-immune system-vascular wall axis in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moleón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Miñano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio Manuel Barranco
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martín-Morales
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER) University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER) University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Mayo-Martínez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities. Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, San Pablo, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities. Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, San Pablo, Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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Morsczeck C, Pieles O, Beck HC. Analysis of the phosphoproteome in human dental follicle cells during osteogenic differentiation. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12952. [PMID: 37664892 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are osteogenic progenitor cells and are well suited for molecular studies of differentiation of alveolar osteoblasts. A recent study examined the metabolism in DFCs during osteogenic differentiation and showed that energy metabolism is increased after 14 days of differentiation (mid phase). However, previous studies have examined proteomes at early (2 h, 24 h) or very late (28 days) stages of differentiation, but not during the phase of increased metabolic activity. In this study, we examined the phosphoproteome at the mid phase (14 days) of osteogenic differentiation. Analysis of DFC phosphoproteomes showed that during this phase of osteogenic differentiation, proteins that are part of signal transduction are significantly regulated. Proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and apoptosis were also increased in expression. As osteogenic differentiation induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in DFCs, the oxidative stress defense protein, catalase, was also upregulated during osteogenic differentiation, which supports the biomineralization of DFCs. In summary, this study revealed that during the middle phase (14 days) of osteogenic differentiation, processes in DFCs related to the control of cell organization, apoptosis, and oxidative stress are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Pieles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Beck
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Ogando DG, Kim ET, Li S, Bonanno JA. Corneal Edema in Inducible Slc4a11 Knockout Is Initiated by Mitochondrial Superoxide Induced Src Kinase Activation. Cells 2023; 12:1528. [PMID: 37296649 PMCID: PMC10253072 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inducible Slc4a11 KO leads to corneal edema by disruption of the pump and barrier functions of the corneal endothelium (CE). The loss of Slc4a11 NH3-activated mitochondrial uncoupling leads to mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization-induced oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to investigate the link between oxidative stress and the failure of pump and barrier functions and to test different approaches to revert the process. METHODS Mice which were homozygous for Slc4a11 Flox and Estrogen receptor -Cre Recombinase fusion protein alleles at 8 weeks of age were fed Tamoxifen (Tm)-enriched chow (0.4 g/Kg) for 2 weeks, and controls were fed normal chow. During the initial 14 days, Slc4a11 expression, corneal thickness (CT), stromal [lactate], Na+-K+ ATPase activity, mitochondrial superoxide levels, expression of lactate transporters, and activity of key kinases were assessed. In addition, barrier function was assessed by fluorescein permeability, ZO-1 tight junction integrity, and cortical cytoskeleton F-actin morphology. RESULTS Tm induced a rapid decay in Slc4a11 expression that was 84% complete at 7 days and 96% complete at 14 days of treatment. Superoxide levels increased significantly by day 7; CT and fluorescein permeability by day 14. Tight junction ZO-1 distribution and the cortical cytoskeleton were disrupted at day 14, concomitant with decreased expression of Cldn1, yet with increased tyrosine phosphorylation. Stromal lactate increased by 60%, Na+-K+ ATPase activity decreased by 40%, and expression of lactate transporters MCT2 and MCT4 significantly decreased, but MCT1 was unchanged at 14 days. Src kinase was activated, but not Rock, PKCα, JNK, or P38Mapk. Mitochondrial antioxidant Visomitin (SkQ1, mitochondrial targeted antioxidant) and Src kinase inhibitor eCF506 significantly slowed the increase in CT, with concomitant decreased stromal lactate retention, improved barrier function, reduced Src activation and Cldn1 phosphorylation, and rescued MCT2 and MCT4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Slc4a11 KO-induced CE oxidative stress triggered increased Src kinase activity that resulted in perturbation of the pump components and barrier function of the CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph A. Bonanno
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (D.G.O.); (E.T.K.); (S.L.)
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Dufort C, Wang Y, Hu X. Microglia: Active participants in brain capillary function. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2161-2163. [PMID: 35942567 PMCID: PMC9580179 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221119292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A recent study by Bisht, Okojie, and Sharma, et al. characterizes a population of capillary-associated microglia (CAM) whose cell bodies are positioned along small blood vessels in the healthy mouse brain. Through elegant, longitudinal intravital imaging of brain vasculature and CAMs, the authors have uncovered the significance of microglia in cerebral blood flow regulation. Further investigation into the functions of this CAM population and how they interact with surrounding cells within the neurovascular unit will improve our understanding of vascular regulation and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Dufort
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wang X, Jiang S, Fei L, Dong F, Xie L, Qiu X, Lei Y, Guo J, Zhong M, Ren X, Yang Y, Zhao L, Zhang G, Wang H, Tang C, Yu L, Liu R, Patzak A, Persson PB, Hultström M, Wei Q, Lai EY, Zheng Z. Tacrolimus Causes Hypertension by Increasing Vascular Contractility via RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A)/ROCK (Rho-Associated Protein Kinase) Pathway in Mice. Hypertension 2022; 79:2228-2238. [PMID: 35938417 PMCID: PMC9993086 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide tacrolimus is first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. However, hypertension and nephrotoxicity are common tacrolimus side effects that limit its use. Although tacrolimus-related hypertension is well known, the underlying mechanisms are not. Here, we test whether tacrolimus-induced hypertension involves the RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway in male C57Bl/6 mice. METHODS Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured under anesthesia. The reactivity of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed in vitro using microperfusion and wire myography, respectively. RESULTS Tacrolimus induced a transient rise in systolic arterial pressure that was blocked by the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil (12.0±0.9 versus 3.2±0.7; P<0.001). Moreover, tacrolimus reduced the glomerular filtration rate, which was also prevented by Fasudil (187±20 versus 281±8.5; P<0.001). Interestingly, tacrolimus enhanced the sensitivity of afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries to Ang II (angiotensin II), likely due to increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Fasudil prevented increased Ang II-sensitivity and blocked Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Preincubation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with tacrolimus activated the RhoA/ROCK/MYPT-1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) pathway. Further, tacrolimus increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species generation in afferent arterioles (107±5.9 versus 163±6.4; P<0.001) and in cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (100±7.5 versus 160±23.2; P<0.01). Finally, the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol inhibited tacrolimus-induced Ang II hypersensitivity in afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSIONS The RhoA/ROCK pathway may play an important role in tacrolimus-induced hypertension by enhancing Ang II-specific vasoconstriction, and reactive oxygen species may participate in this process by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lanyu Xie
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, China (L.X.)
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiu Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.R., Q.W.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Honghong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Y.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (R.L.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Michael Hultström
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.H.).,Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.H.)
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.R., Q.W.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Guo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Oliveira AL, Medeiros ML, de Oliveira MG, Teixeira CJ, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Enhanced RAGE Expression and Excess Reactive-Oxygen Species Production Mediates Rho Kinase-Dependent Detrusor Overactivity After Methylglyoxal Exposure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860342. [PMID: 35418871 PMCID: PMC8996136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound implicated in diabetes-associated diseases. In vascular tissues, MGO induces the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that bounds its receptor RAGE, initiating the downstream tissue injury. Outside the cardiovascular system, MGO intake produces mouse voiding dysfunction and bladder overactivity. We have sought that MGO-induced bladder overactivity is due to activation of AGE-RAGE-reactive-oxygen species (ROS) signaling cascade, leading to Rho kinase activation. Therefore, female mice received 0.5% MGO orally for 12 weeks, after which in vitro bladder contractions were evaluated in the presence or not of superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) or the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Treatment with MGO significantly elevated the serum levels of MGO and fluorescent AGEs, as well as the RAGE immunostaining in the urothelium, detrusor, and vascular endothelium. RAGE mRNA expression in the bladder was also higher in the MGO group. Methylglyoxal significantly increased the ROS production in both urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle, with the increases in detrusor markedly higher than urothelium. The bladder activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly reduced in the MGO group. Gene expressions of L-type Ca2+ channels, RhoA, ROCK-1, and ROCK-2 in bladder tissues were significantly elevated in the MGO group. Increased bladder contractions to electrical-field stimulation, carbachol α,β-methylene ATP, and extracellular Ca2+ were observed after MGO exposure, which was significantly reduced by prior incubation with either PEG-SOD or Y27632. Overall, our data indicate serum MGO accumulation elevates the AGEs levels and activates the RAGE-ROS signaling leading to Rho kinase-induced muscle sensitization, ultimately leading to detrusor overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila L Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus L Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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12
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Solaiman A, Mehanna RA, Meheissen GA, Elatrebi S, Said R, Elsokkary NH. Potential effect of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells on hyperoxia-induced pulmonary alveolar injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-02821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With the widespread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, in spite of the newly emerging vaccines, mutated strains remain a great obstacle to supportive and preventive measures. Coronavirus 19 survivors continue to face great danger of contacting the disease again. As long as no specific treatment has yet to be approved, a great percentage of patients experience real complications, including among others, lung fibrosis. High oxygen inhalation especially for prolonged periods is per se destructive to the lungs. Nevertheless, oxygen remains the first line support for such patients. In the present study we aimed at investigating the role of amniotic fluid-mesenchymal stem cells in preventing versus treating the hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis in rats.
Methods
The study was conducted on adult albino rats; 5 pregnant female rats were used as amniotic fluid donors, and 64 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: Control group; where 10 rats were kept in normal atmospheric air then sacrificed after 2 months, and hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis group, where 54 rats were exposed to hyperoxia (100% oxygen for 6 h/day) in air-tight glass chambers for 1 month, then randomly divided into the following 5 subgroups: Hyperoxia group, cell-free media-treated group, stem cells-prophylactic group, stem cells-treated group and untreated group. Isolation, culture and proliferation of stem cells were done till passage 3. Pulmonary function tests, histological examination of lung tissue under light and electron microscopes, biochemical assessment of oxidative stress, IL-6 and Rho-A levels, and statistical analysis of data were performed. F-test (ANOVA) was used for normally distributed quantitative variables, to compare between more than two groups, and Post Hoc test (Tukey) for pairwise comparisons.
Results
Labelled amniotic fluid-mesenchymal stem cells homed to lung tissue. Stem cells administration in the stem cells-prophylactic group succeeded to maintain pulmonary functions near the normal values with no significant difference between their values and those of the control group. Moreover, histological examination of lung tissues showed that stem cells-prophylactic group were completely protected while stem cells-treated group still showed various degrees of tissue injury, namely; thickened interalveolar septa, atelectasis and interstitial pneumonia. Biochemical studies after stem cells injection also showed decreased levels of RhoA and IL-6 in the prophylactic group and to a lesser extent in the treated group, in addition to increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde in the stem cells-injected groups.
Conclusions
Amniotic fluid-mesenchymal stem cells showed promising protective and therapeutic results against hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis as evaluated physiologically, histologically and biochemically.
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13
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Solaiman A, Mehanna RA, Meheissen GA, Elatrebi S, Said R, Elsokkary NH. Potential effect of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells on hyperoxia-induced pulmonary alveolar injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:145. [PMID: 35379329 PMCID: PMC8978174 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the widespread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, in spite of the newly emerging vaccines, mutated strains remain a great obstacle to supportive and preventive measures. Coronavirus 19 survivors continue to face great danger of contacting the disease again. As long as no specific treatment has yet to be approved, a great percentage of patients experience real complications, including among others, lung fibrosis. High oxygen inhalation especially for prolonged periods is per se destructive to the lungs. Nevertheless, oxygen remains the first line support for such patients. In the present study we aimed at investigating the role of amniotic fluid-mesenchymal stem cells in preventing versus treating the hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Methods The study was conducted on adult albino rats; 5 pregnant female rats were used as amniotic fluid donors, and 64 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: Control group; where 10 rats were kept in normal atmospheric air then sacrificed after 2 months, and hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis group, where 54 rats were exposed to hyperoxia (100% oxygen for 6 h/day) in air-tight glass chambers for 1 month, then randomly divided into the following 5 subgroups: Hyperoxia group, cell-free media-treated group, stem cells-prophylactic group, stem cells-treated group and untreated group. Isolation, culture and proliferation of stem cells were done till passage 3. Pulmonary function tests, histological examination of lung tissue under light and electron microscopes, biochemical assessment of oxidative stress, IL-6 and Rho-A levels, and statistical analysis of data were performed. F-test (ANOVA) was used for normally distributed quantitative variables, to compare between more than two groups, and Post Hoc test (Tukey) for pairwise comparisons. Results Labelled amniotic fluid-mesenchymal stem cells homed to lung tissue. Stem cells administration in the stem cells-prophylactic group succeeded to maintain pulmonary functions near the normal values with no significant difference between their values and those of the control group. Moreover, histological examination of lung tissues showed that stem cells-prophylactic group were completely protected while stem cells-treated group still showed various degrees of tissue injury, namely; thickened interalveolar septa, atelectasis and interstitial pneumonia. Biochemical studies after stem cells injection also showed decreased levels of RhoA and IL-6 in the prophylactic group and to a lesser extent in the treated group, in addition to increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde in the stem cells-injected groups. Conclusions Amniotic fluid-mesenchymal stem cells showed promising protective and therapeutic results against hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis as evaluated physiologically, histologically and biochemically. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02821-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Solaiman
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Dr Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Al. Mowassat Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Dr Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Al. Mowassat Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Its Applications CERRMA, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Meheissen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Dr Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Al. Mowassat Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt.
| | - Soha Elatrebi
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Dr Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Al. Mowassat Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Rasha Said
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Dr Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Al. Mowassat Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Nahed H Elsokkary
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Dr Fahmi Abdelmeguid St., Al. Mowassat Campus, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
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Fernández-Simón E, Suárez-Calvet X, Carrasco-Rozas A, Piñol-Jurado P, López-Fernández S, Pons G, Bech Serra JJ, de la Torre C, de Luna N, Gallardo E, Díaz-Manera J. RhoA/ROCK2 signalling is enhanced by PDGF-AA in fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells: implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1373-1384. [PMID: 35132805 PMCID: PMC8977967 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) induces muscle fibre and replacement by fibro-adipose tissue. Although the role of some growth factors in the process of fibrogenesis has been studied, pathways activated by PDGF-AA have not been described so far. Our aim was to study the molecular role of PDGF-AA in the fibrotic process of DMD. METHODS Skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) from three DMD treated with PDGF-AA at 50 ng/mL were analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Western-blot, immunofluorescence, and G-LISA were used to confirm the mass spectrometry results. We evaluated the effects of PDGF-AA on the activation of RhoA pathway using two inhibitors, C3-exoenzyme and fasudil. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by BrdU and migration assay. Actin reorganization and collagen synthesis were measured by phalloidin staining and Sircol assay, respectively. In an in vivo proof of concept study, we treated dba/2J-mdx mice with fasudil for 6 weeks. Muscle strength was assessed with the grip strength. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses were used to study fibrotic and inflammatory markers in muscle tissue. RESULTS Mass spectrometry revealed that RhoA pathway proteins were up-regulated in treated compared with non-treated DMD FAPs (n = 3, mean age = 8 ± 1.15 years old). Validation of proteomic data showed that Arhgef2 expression was significantly increased in DMD muscles compared with healthy controls by a 7.7-fold increase (n = 2, mean age = 8 ± 1.14 years old). In vitro studies showed that RhoA/ROCK2 pathway was significantly activated by PDGF-AA (n = 3, 1.88-fold increase, P < 0.01) and both C3-exoenzyme and fasudil blocked that activation (n = 3, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The activation of RhoA pathway by PDGF-AA promoted a significant increase in proliferation and migration of FAPs (n = 3, P < 0.001), while C3-exoenzyme and fasudil inhibited FAPs proliferation at 72 h and migration at 48 and 72 h (n = 3, P < 0.001). In vivo studies showed that fasudil improved muscle function (n = 5 non-treated dba/2J-mdx and n = 6 treated dba/2J-mdx, 1.76-fold increase, P < 0.013), and histological studies demonstrated a 23% reduction of collagen-I expression area (n = 5 non-treated dba/2J-mdx and n = 6 treated dba/2J-mdx, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PDGF-AA promotes the activation of RhoA pathway in FAPs from DMD patients. This pathway could be involved in FAPs activation promoting its proliferation, migration, and actin reorganization, which represents the beginning of the fibrotic process. The inhibition of RhoA pathway could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for muscle fibrosis in patients with muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fernández-Simón
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xavier Suárez-Calvet
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Carrasco-Rozas
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Piñol-Jurado
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Susana López-Fernández
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Noemí de Luna
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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15
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Reactive Oxygen Species Are Essential for Vasoconstriction upon Cold Exposure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8578452. [PMID: 34868457 PMCID: PMC8635890 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8578452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We explored the role of ROS in cold-induced vasoconstriction and corresponding mechanism. Methods Three experiments were performed. First, we measured blood flow in human hands before and after cold exposure. Second, 24 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: 8 mice received saline injection, 8 received subcutaneous Tempol injection, and 8 received intrathecal Tempol injection. After 30 min, we determined blood flow in the skin before and after cold exposure. Finally, we used Tempol, CCG-1423, and Go 6983 to pretreat HAVSMCs and HUVECs for 24 h. Then, cells in the corresponding groups were exposed to cold (6 h, 4°C). After cold exposure, the cytoskeleton was stained. Intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We measured protein expression via Western blotting. Results In the first experiment, after cold exposure, maximum skin blood flow decreased to 118.4 ± 50.97 flux units. Then, Tempol or normal saline pretreatment did not change skin blood flow. Unlike intrathecal Tempol injection, subcutaneous Tempol injection increased skin blood flow after cold exposure. Finally, cold exposure for 6 h shrank the cells, making them narrower, and increased intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels in HUVECs and HAVSMCs. Tempol reduced cell shrinkage and decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, Tempol decreased intracellular ROS levels. Cold exposure increased RhoA, Rock1, p-MLC-2, ET-1, iNOS, and p-PKC expression and decreased eNOS expression. Tempol or CCG-1423 pretreatment decreased RhoA, Rock1, and p-MLC-2 levels in HAVSMCs. Furthermore, Tempol or Go 6983 pretreatment decreased ET-1, iNOS, and p-PKC expression and increased eNOS expression in HUVECs. Conclusion ROS mediate the vasoconstrictor response within the cold-induced vascular response, and ROS in blood vessel tissues rather than nerve fibers are involved in vasoconstriction via the ROS/RhoA/ROCK1 and ROS/PKC/ET-1 pathways in VSMCs and endothelial cells.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cao Z, Huang Y, Zheng Y, Yang X. Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC 20 phosphorylation in VSMCs. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1141-1150. [PMID: 34722886 PMCID: PMC8542650 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyporesponsiveness in the shock decompensation period is an important factor leading to death. Myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) is the main effector protein that regulates vascular reactivity. However, whether the change in semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) expression during hypoxia can change the MLC20 phosphorylation level, and its underlying mechanism were not clear. The amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) overexpressing adenovirus vector was constructed and transfected into rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) to overexpress SSAO, and the RIMECs were co-cultured with rat intestinal microvascular smooth muscle cells (RIMSCs). The changes in SSAO/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/Rho associate coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression levels and MLC20 phosphorylation level were detected. Here we found that the increased SSAO by AOC3 overexpression can decrease the iNOS expression level and its activity after hypoxia. In addition, RIMSCs co-cultured with RIMECs overexpressed with AOC3 gene had significantly higher ROCK1 protein level and MLC20 phosphorylation level than RIMSCs co-cultured with normal RIMECs. Our study demonstrated that SSAO overexpression can significantly inhibit iNOS activity, promote RhoA/ROCK pathway activation, and increase the phosphorylation level of MLC20, which might be the potential mechanism in relieving the vascular hyporesponsiveness during shock decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Gut Microbiota Has a Crucial Role in the Development of Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction in Toll-like Receptor 7-Driven Lupus Autoimmunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091426. [PMID: 34573058 PMCID: PMC8472682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has investigated the involvement of gut microbiota in hypertension in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 activation. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: an untreated control (CTR), a group treated with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ), IMQ-treated with vancomycin, and IMQ-treated with a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We carried out faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from donor CTR or IMQ mice to recipient IMQ or CTR animals, respectively. Vancomycin inhibited the increase in blood pressure; improved kidney injury, endothelial function, and oxidative stress; and reduced T helper (Th)17 infiltration in aortas from IMQ-treated mice. The rise in blood pressure and vascular complications present in IMQ mice were also observed in the CTR mice recipients of IMQ microbiota. Reduced relative populations of Sutterella and Anaerovibrio were associated with high blood pressure in our animals, which were increased after stool transplantation of healthy microbiota to IMQ mice. The reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine induced by IMQ microbiota were normalized after interleukin-17 neutralization. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays a role in the TLR7-driven increase in Th17 cell, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and hypertension. The vascular changes induced by IMQ microbiota were initiated by Th17 infiltrating the vasculature.
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de la Visitación N, Robles-Vera I, Toral M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Sánchez M, Moleón J, González-Correa C, Martín-Morales N, O'Valle F, Jiménez R, Romero M, Duarte J. Gut microbiota contributes to the development of hypertension in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3708-3729. [PMID: 33931880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor that is prevalent in the systemic lupus erythematosus patient population. Here, we have investigated whether intestinal microbiota is involved in hypertension in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Twenty-six-week-old female NZW/LacJ (control) and NZBWF1 (F1 hybrid of New Zealand Black and New Zealand White strains; systemic lupus erythematosus) mice were treated for 6 weeks with a broad-spectrum antibiotic mixture or with vancomycin. Faecal microbiota transplantation was performed from donor systemic lupus erythematosus group to recipient to germ-depleted or germ-free mice. KEY RESULTS Antibiotic treatment inhibited the development of hypertension and renal injury, improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress, and decreased aortic Th17 infiltration in NZBWF1 mice. High BP and vascular complications found in systemic lupus erythematosus mice, but not autoimmunity, kidney inflammation and endotoxemia, were reproduced by the transfer of gut microbiota from systemic lupus erythematosus donors to germ-free or germ-depleted mice. Increased proportions of Bacteroides were linked with high BP in these mice. The reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and the high BP induced by microbiota from hypertensive systemic lupus erythematosus mice were inhibited after IL-17 neutralization. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes in T-cell populations, endothelial function, vascular inflammation and hypertension driven by a genetic systemic lupus erythematosus background can be modified by antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota. The vascular changes induced by hypertensive systemic lupus erythematosus microbiota were mediated by Th17 infiltration in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor de la Visitación
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Moleón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco O'Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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19
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Guldbrandsen HO, Staehr C, Iversen NK, Postnov DD, Matchkov VV. Does Src Kinase Mediated Vasoconstriction Impair Penumbral Reperfusion? Stroke 2021; 52:e250-e258. [PMID: 33947213 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful recanalization, a significant number of patients with ischemic stroke experience impaired local brain tissue reperfusion with adverse clinical outcome. The cause and mechanism of this multifactorial complication are yet to be understood. At the current moment, major attention is given to dysfunction in blood-brain barrier and capillary blood flow but contribution of exaggerated constriction of cerebral arterioles has also been suggested. In the brain, arterioles significantly contribute to vascular resistance and thus control of perfusion. Accordingly, pathological changes in arteriolar wall function can, therefore, limit sufficient reperfusion in ischemic stroke, but this has not yet received sufficient attention. Although an increased vascular tone after reperfusion has been demonstrated in several studies, the mechanism behind it remains to be characterized. Importantly, the majority of conventional mechanisms controlling vascular contraction failed to explain elevated cerebrovascular tone after reperfusion. We propose here that the Na,K-ATPase-dependent Src kinase activation are the key mechanisms responsible for elevation of cerebrovascular tone after reperfusion. The Na,K-ATPase, which is essential to control intracellular ion homeostasis, also executes numerous signaling functions. Under hypoxic conditions, the Na,K-ATPase is endocytosed from the membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells. This initiates the Src kinase signaling pathway that sensitizes the contractile machinery to intracellular Ca2+ resulting in hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle cells and, thus, elevated cerebrovascular tone that can contribute to impaired reperfusion after stroke. This mechanism integrates with cerebral edema that was suggested to underlie impaired reperfusion and is further supported by several studies, which are discussed in this article. However, final demonstration of the molecular mechanism behind Src kinase-associated arteriolar hypercontractility in stroke remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Staehr
- Department of Biomedicine, MEMBRANES, Health (H.O.G., C.S., V.V.M.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nina Kerting Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Medicine (N.K.I.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Dmitry D Postnov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Denmark (D.D.P.)
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, MEMBRANES, Health (H.O.G., C.S., V.V.M.), Aarhus University, Denmark
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20
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Wang M, Liu Y, Liang Y, Naruse K, Takahashi K. Systematic Understanding of Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Related Conditions-Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649785. [PMID: 33928135 PMCID: PMC8076504 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a role in intracellular signal transduction under physiological conditions while also playing an essential role in diseases such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes, as well as in the process of aging. The influence of ROS has some influence on the frequent occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in diabetic patients. In this review, we considered the pathophysiological relationship between diabetes and CVD from the perspective of ROS. In addition, considering organ damage due to ROS elevation during ischemia-reperfusion, we discussed heart and lung injuries. Furthermore, we have focused on the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and L-type calcium channels as molecular targets for ROS in ROS-induced tissue damages and have discussed about the pathophysiological mechanism of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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21
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Ngo ATP, Parra-Izquierdo I, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Rho GTPase regulation of reactive oxygen species generation and signalling in platelet function and disease. Small GTPases 2021; 12:440-457. [PMID: 33459160 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1878001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are master regulators and effectors of haemostasis with increasingly recognized functions as mediators of inflammation and immune responses. The Rho family of GTPase members Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are known to be major components of the intracellular signalling network critical to platelet shape change and morphological dynamics, thus playing a major role in platelet spreading, secretion and thrombus formation. Initially linked to the regulation of actomyosin contraction and lamellipodia formation, recent reports have uncovered non-canonical functions of platelet RhoGTPases in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where intrinsically generated ROS modulate platelet function and contribute to thrombus formation. Platelet RhoGTPases orchestrate oxidative processes and cytoskeletal rearrangement in an interconnected manner to regulate intracellular signalling networks underlying platelet activity and thrombus formation. Herein we review our current knowledge of the regulation of platelet ROS generation by RhoGTPases and their relationship with platelet cytoskeletal reorganization, activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ivan Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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22
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Deng H, Zhang Y, Li GG, Yu HH, Bai S, Guo GY, Guo WL, Ma Y, Wang JH, Liu N, Pan C, Tang ZP. P2X7 receptor activation aggravates NADPH oxidase 2-induced oxidative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1582-1591. [PMID: 33433488 PMCID: PMC8323669 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial pathological process that contributes to secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which is activated by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular ATP, plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress in the central nervous system, although the effects of activated P2X7R-associated oxidative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage remain unclear. Mouse models of intracerebral hemorrhage were established through the stereotactic injection of 0.075 U VII collagenase into the right basal ganglia. The results revealed that P2X7R expression peaked 24 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage, and P2X7R expressed primarily in neurons. The inhibition of P2X7R, using A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and malondialdehyde generation, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione/oxidized glutathione levels, and alleviated neurological damage, brain edema, and apoptosis after intracellular hemorrhage. The P2X7R inhibitor A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) after intracerebral hemorrhage. Blocking ERK1/2 activation, using the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (2 µg, intraventricular injection), reduced the level of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress induced by P2X7R activation after intracellular hemorrhage. Similarly, the inhibition of NF-κB, using the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 (3.5 µg, intraventricular), reduced the level of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress induced by P2X7R activation. Finally, GSK2795039 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), a NOX2 antagonist, attenuated P2X7R-mediated oxidative stress, neurological damage, and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. The results indicated that P2X7R activation aggravated NOX2-induced oxidative stress through the activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China (approval No. TJ-A20160805) on August 26, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gai-Gai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hai-Han Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guang-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Liang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhou-Ping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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23
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Zeng RJ, Zheng CW, Chen WX, Xu LY, Li EM. Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:1245-1262. [PMID: 32772212 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite treatment advances, radioresistance and metastasis markedly impair the benefits of radiotherapy to patients with malignancies. Functioning as molecular switches, Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) have well-recognized roles in regulating various downstream signaling pathways in a wide range of cancers. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy and metastasis, as well as radiation-induced metastasis. The functions of Rho GTPases in radiotherapeutic efficacy are divergent and context-dependent; thereby, a comprehensive integration of their roles and correlated mechanisms is urgently needed. This review integrates current evidence supporting the roles of Rho GTPases in mediating radiotherapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, their correlations with metastasis and radiation-induced metastasis are discussed. Under the prudent application of Rho GTPase inhibitors based on critical evaluations of biological contexts, targeting Rho GTPases can be a promising strategy in overcoming radioresistance and simultaneously reducing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wan-Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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24
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Zhang T, Ma S, Liu C, Hu K, Xu M, Wang R. Rosmarinic Acid Prevents Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Attenuation of ROS/MYPT1/TGFβ1 Signaling Via miR-19b-3p. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820968413. [PMID: 33149731 PMCID: PMC7580151 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820968413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by irradiation remains obscure. Since rosmarinic acid (RA) have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we aimed to evaluate the effect of RA on the X-ray-induced lung injury. Male rats received RA (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg) 7 days before 15 Gy of X-ray irradiation. Here, we showed that RA reduced X-ray-induced the expression of inflammatory related factors, and the level of reactive oxygen species. RA down-regulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). We found that thoracic tumor patients whose lung regions received radiation showed lower level of microRNA-19b-3p (miR-19b-3p). Furthermore, we provided evidence that miR-19b-3p targets myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), and RA attenuated RhoA/Rock signaling through upregulating miR-19b-3p, leading to the inhibition of fibrosis. In conclusion, RA may be an effective agent to relieve the pulmonary fibrosis caused by radiotherapy of thoracic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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25
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Yan S, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Vasoconstrictor Mechanisms in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Oxidant Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 33076504 PMCID: PMC7602539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated resistance of pulmonary circulation after chronic hypoxia exposure leads to pulmonary hypertension. Contributing to this pathological process is enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction through both calcium-dependent and calcium sensitization mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of increased enzymatic production and/or decreased scavenging, participate in augmentation of pulmonary arterial constriction by potentiating calcium influx as well as activation of myofilament sensitization, therefore mediating the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the effects of chronic hypoxia on sources of ROS within the pulmonary vasculature including NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidases and dysfunctional superoxide dismutases. We also summarize the ROS-induced functional alterations of various Ca2+ and K+ channels involved in regulating Ca2+ influx, and of Rho kinase that is responsible for myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. A variety of antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, supporting the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary hypertension. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which ROS enhance vasoconstriction will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.Y.); (T.C.R.)
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26
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Norton CE, Sheak JR, Yan S, Weise-Cross L, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Augmented Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity after Chronic Hypoxia Requires Src Kinase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:61-73. [PMID: 31264901 PMCID: PMC6938133 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0106oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia augments pressure- and agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction through myofilament calcium sensitization. NADPH oxidases contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension, and both epidermal growth factor receptor and Src kinases can regulate NADPH oxidase. We tested the hypothesis that Src-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling mediates enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity after chronic hypoxia through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation. Protocols employed pharmacological inhibitors in isolated, pressurized rat pulmonary arteries to examine the contribution of a variety of signaling moieties to enhanced vascular tone after chronic hypoxia. Superoxide generation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells was assessed using the fluorescent indicator dihydroethidium. Indices of pulmonary hypertension were measured in rats treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and EGFR abolished pressure-induced pulmonary arterial tone and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-dependent calcium sensitization and vasoconstriction after chronic hypoxia. Consistently, chronic hypoxia augmented ET-1-induced superoxide production through EGFR signaling, and rats treated chronically with gefitinib displayed reduced right ventricular pressure and diminished arterial remodeling. Src kinases were also activated by ET-1 after chronic hypoxia and contributed to enhanced basal arterial tone and vasoconstriction in response to ET-1. A role for matrix metalloproteinase 2 to mediate Src-dependent EGFR activation is further supported by our findings. Our studies support a novel role for an Src kinase-EGFR-NADPH oxidase signaling axis to mediate enhanced pulmonary vascular smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization, vasoconstriction, and pulmonary hypertension after chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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27
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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28
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Wang Y, Gao TT, Xu DF, Zhu XY, Dong WW, Lv Z, Liu YJ, Jiang L. Upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to ventilator-associated lung injury in a two-hit model. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2077-2090. [PMID: 31638192 PMCID: PMC6844625 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator‑associated lung injury (VALI) remains a significant medical problem in intensive care units. The present study aimed to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in VALI using a two‑hit model and explore the potential underlying molecular mechanism. Mice were divided into five groups: i) Non‑ventilated group; ii) non‑ventilated + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; iii) ventilated group; iv) ventilated + LPS group; and v) ventilated + LPS + SPHK1 inhibitor group. Mice were administered LPS (1 mg/kg) via an intraperitoneal injection. After 12 h, the mice were anesthetized and connected to a ventilator (10 ml/kg at 150 breaths/min) for 4 h. SPHK1 inhibitor (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ventilation. Mouse lung vascular endothelial cells were treated with LPS and SPHK1 inhibitor, and then subjected to cyclic stretch for 4 h. The present results suggested that the expression of SPHK1 and sphingosine 1 phosphate was upregulated in the two‑hit model of VALI; SPHK1 inhibitor could attenuate VALI in the two‑hit model as observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and affected the cell count and the protein content levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, treatment with SPHK1 inhibitor reduced the wet‑to‑dry ratio of the lungs and suppressed Evans blue dye leakage into the lung tissue. Furthermore, SPHK1 inhibitor exhibited protective effects on the two‑hit model of VALI by inhibiting the Ras homolog family member a‑mediated phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT‑1) and endothelial hyperpermeability. Additionally, mice were divided into five additional groups: i) Non‑ventilated group; ii) non‑ventilated + LPS group; iii) ventilated group; iv) ventilated + LPS group; and v) ventilated + LPS + Rho‑associated coiled‑coil forming protein kinase (ROCK)1 inhibitor group. ROCK1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ventilation. The present results suggested that ROCK1 inhibitor could attenuate mechanical stretch‑induced lung endothelial injury and the phosphorylation of MYPT‑1 in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the present findings indicated that upregulation of SPHK1 may contribute to VALI in a two‑hit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, QILU Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Dun-Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Villamor E, Moreno L, Mohammed R, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Cogolludo A. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of oxygen signaling during fetal-to-neonatal circulatory transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:82-96. [PMID: 30995535 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently seen as pathological agents of oxidative stress. However, ROS are not always deleterious and can also act as cell signaling molecules. Vascular oxygen sensing and signaling during fetal-to-neonatal circulatory transition is a remarkable example of the physiological regulatory actions of ROS. The fetal relative hypoxic environment induces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and ductus arteriosus (DA) relaxation favoring the presence of high pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left ductal shunt. At birth, the increase in oxygen tension causes relaxation of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and normoxic DA vasoconstriction (NDAV), thus diverting blood flow to the lungs. Although the response to changes in oxygen tension is diametrically opposite, the mechanisms responsible for HPV and NDAV appear to be the result of a similar interaction between triggering and modulating factors that lead to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitization of the contractile apparatus. Growing evidence points to an increase in ROS (mitochondria- and/or NADPH-derived superoxide and/or H2O2), leading to inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels, membrane depolarization, and activation of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels as critical events in the signaling pathway of both HPV and NDAV. Several groups of investigators have completed this pathway adding other elements such as neutral sphingomyelinase-derived ceramide, the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (through ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors), Rho kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization, or transient receptor potential channels. The present review focus on the role of ROS as mediators of the homeostatic oxygen sensing system during fetal and neonatal life not only in the PAs and DA but also in systemic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Riazzudin Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Gao Y, Raj JU. Src and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Novel Partners in Mediating Chronic Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Artery Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 62:5-7. [PMID: 31298924 PMCID: PMC6938126 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0230ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing, Chinaand
| | - J Usha Raj
- College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, Illinois
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31
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Yang JQ, Kalim KW, Li Y, Zheng Y, Guo F. Ablation of RhoA impairs Th17 cell differentiation and alleviates house dust mite-triggered allergic airway inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1139-1151. [PMID: 31260596 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0119-025rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway inflammation in which Th2 and Th17 cells are key players in its pathogenesis. We have reported that RhoA of Rho GTPases orchestrated glycolysis for Th2 cell differentiation and allergic airway inflammation by the use of a conditional RhoA-deficient mouse line. However, the role of RhoA in Th17 cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of RhoA deficiency on Th17 cells in the context of ex vivo cell culture systems and an in vivo house dust mites (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation. We found that RhoA deficiency inhibited Th17 differentiation and effector cytokine secretion, which was associated with the downregulations of Stat3 and Rorγt, key Th17 transcription factors. Furthermore, loss of RhoA markedly suppressed Th17 and neutrophil-involved airway inflammation induced by HDM in mice. The infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were dramatically reduced in conditional RhoA-deficient mice. Th17 as well as Th2 effector cytokines were suppressed in the airways at both protein and mRNA levels. Interestingly, Y16, a specific RhoA inhibitor, was able to recapitulate the most phenotypes of RhoA genetic deletion in Th17 differentiation and allergic airway inflammation. Our data demonstrate that RhoA is a key regulator of Th17 cell differentiation and function. RhoA might serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for asthma and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasitic and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Khalid W Kalim
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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32
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The Edible Insect Gryllus bimaculatus Protects against Gut-Derived Inflammatory Responses and Liver Damage in Mice after Acute Alcohol Exposure. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040857. [PMID: 30995745 PMCID: PMC6521266 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to excess alcohol exposure is a major cause of gut barrier disruption and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic inflammation, as well as liver steatosis and apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate protective effects of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, an edible insect recognized by the Korea Food and Drug Administration, against acute alcoholic liver damage in mice. Administration of G. bimaculatus extracts (GBE) attenuated alcohol-induced steatosis and apoptotic responses in the liver and intestinal permeability to bacterial endotoxin. These protective effects were associated with suppression of ROS-mediated oxidative stress in both the liver and small intestine. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that GBE inhibits LPS-induced Kupffer cell activation and subsequent inflammatory signaling. Importantly, the protective effects of GBE were more potent than those of silymarin, a known therapeutic agent for alcoholic liver diseases.
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33
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Abstract
The Na,K-ATPase is an enzyme essential for ion homeostasis in all cells. Over the last decades, it has been well-established that in addition to the transport of Na+/K+ over the cell membrane, the Na,K-ATPase acts as a receptor transducing humoral signals intracellularly. It has been suggested that ouabain-like compounds serve as endogenous modulators of this Na,K-ATPase signal transduction. The molecular mechanisms underlying Na,K-ATPase signaling are complicated and suggest the confluence of divergent biological pathways. This review discusses recent updates on the Na,K-ATPase signaling pathways characterized or suggested in vascular smooth muscle cells. The conventional view on this signaling is based on a microdomain structure where the Na,K-ATPase controls the Na,Ca-exchanger activity via modulation of intracellular Na+ in the spatially restricted submembrane space. This, in turn, affects intracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+ load in the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to modulation of contractility as well as gene expression. An ion-transport-independent signal transduction from the Na,K-ATPase is based on molecular interactions. This was primarily characterized in other cell types but recently also demonstrated in vascular smooth muscles. The downstream signaling from the Na,K-ATPase includes Src and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3 kinase signaling pathways and generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, in vascular smooth muscle cells the interaction between the Na,K-ATPase and proteins responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis, e.g., phospholipase C and inositol triphosphate receptors, contributes to an integration of the signaling pathways. Recent update on the Na,K-ATPase dependent intracellular signaling and the significance for physiological functions and pathophysiological changes are discussed in this review.
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34
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Aktas S, Un I, Omer Barlas I, Ozturk AB, Ilkay Karagul M. Evaluation of the Rho A/Rho-kinase pathway in the uterus of the rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:45-54. [PMID: 30704840 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of RhoA/Rho-kinase in the uterus and the effect of Rho-kinase inhibitors on uterine contractions of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats. Forty-four female Sprague-Dawley (21 days old) rats divided into three groups: The control group (n = 14, any procedure was not performed), vehicle group (n = 14, 0.2 ml of sesame oil, subcutaneous injection, 20 days) and PCOS group (n = 16, DHEA 6 mg/100 g in 0.2 ml of sesame oil, subcutaneous injection, 20 days). The myometrium thickness and uterine wet weight were assessed. The mRNA and protein expressions of Rho A, the effect of Rho-kinase inhibitors (fasudil and Y-27632) on KCl, carbachol, and PGF2α induced contractions were evaluated in the uterus. In the PCOS group, the myometrium thickness and uterine wet weight significantly increased compared to the control group and vehicle group. The mRNA expression level and the immunoreactive score of Rho A, ROCK 1, ROCK 2 were similar in all groups. In the PCOS group, KCl, carbachol, and PGF2α induced uterine contractions significantly increased compared to the control group and vehicle group. Fasudil and Y-27632 significantly inhibited KCl, carbachol, and PGF2α induced uterine contractions in all groups. In conclusion, the expression of Rho A, ROCK 1, ROCK 2 not changed although myometrium thickness, uterine wet weight and the contractile responses of uterus increased in the PCOS group. The results suggest that the Rho-kinase inhibitors effectively suppressed increased contractions in the PCOS group they might be potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Aktas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Un
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Omer Barlas
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayla Batu Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meryem Ilkay Karagul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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35
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George Z, Omosun Y, Azenabor AA, Goldstein J, Partin J, Joseph K, Ellerson D, He Q, Eko F, McDonald MA, Reed M, Svoboda P, Stuchlik O, Pohl J, Lutter E, Bandea C, Black CM, Igietseme JU. The molecular mechanism of induction of unfolded protein response by Chlamydia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:421-429. [PMID: 30503337 PMCID: PMC6343654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to chlamydial pathogenesis, as a source of lipids and ATP during replication, and for establishing the initial anti-apoptotic state of host cell that ensures successful inclusion development. The molecular mechanism(s) of UPR induction by Chlamydia is unknown. Chlamydia use type III secretion system (T3SS) effector proteins (e.g, the Translocated Actin-Recruiting Phosphoprotein (Tarp) to stimulate host cell's cytoskeletal reorganization that facilitates invasion and inclusion development. We investigated the hypothesis that T3SS effector-mediated assembly of myosin-II complex produces activated non-muscle myosin heavy chain II (NMMHC-II), which then binds the UPR master regulator (BiP) and/or transducers to induce UPR. Our results revealed the interaction of the chlamydial effector proteins (CT228 and Tarp) with components of the myosin II complex and UPR regulator and transducer during infection. These interactions caused the activation and binding of NMMHC-II to BiP and IRE1α leading to UPR induction. In addition, specific inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase, Tarp oligomerization and myosin ATPase significantly reduced UPR activation and Chlamydia replication. Thus, Chlamydia induce UPR through T3SS effector-mediated activation of NMMHC-II components of the myosin complex to facilitate infectivity. The finding provides greater insights into chlamydial pathogenesis with the potential to identify therapeutic targets and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenas George
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusuf Omosun
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jason Goldstein
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Partin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kahaliah Joseph
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debra Ellerson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qing He
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francis Eko
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Reed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olga Stuchlik
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Claudiu Bandea
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Black
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph U Igietseme
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Aaronson PI. Actin polymerization contributes to ROS- and Rho-dependent Ca 2+ sensitization in pulmonary arteries from chronic hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H314-H317. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00135.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip I. Aaronson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Toral M, Romero M, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Jiménez R, Robles-Vera I, Algieri F, Chueca-Porcuna N, Sánchez M, de la Visitación N, Olivares M, García F, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Gálvez J, Duarte J. Lactobacillus fermentum Improves Tacrolimus-Induced Hypertension by Restoring Vascular Redox State and Improving eNOS Coupling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800033. [PMID: 29851248 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim is to analyze whether the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LC40) can prevent endothelial dysfunction and hypertension induced by tacrolimus in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Tacrolimus increases systolic blood pressure (SBP) and impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and these effects are partially prevented by LC40. Endothelial dysfunction induced by tacrolimus is related to both increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-driven superoxide production and Rho-kinase-mediated eNOS inhibition. LC40 treatment prevents all the aortic changes induced by tacrolimus. LC40 restores the imbalance between T-helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells induced by tacrolimus in mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen. Tacrolimus-induced gut dysbiosis, that is, it decreases microbial diversity, increases the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and decreases acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria, and these effects are prevented by LC40. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from LC40-treated mice to control mice prevents the increase in SBP and the impaired relaxation to acetylcholine induced by tacrolimus. CONCLUSION LC40 treatment prevents hypertension and endothelial dysfunction induced by tacrolimus by inhibiting gut dysbiosis. These effects are associated with a reduction in vascular oxidative stress, mainly through NOX2 downregulation and prevention of eNOS uncoupling, and inflammation possibly because of decreased Th17 and increased Treg cells polarization in mesenteric lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-ehd, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-ehd, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Chueca-Porcuna
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Olivares
- Laboratorio de Descubrimiento y Preclínica, Departamento de Investigación BIOSEARCH S.A., 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-ehd, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 18071, Granada, Spain
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A Positive Feedback Loop of Profilin-1 and RhoA/ROCK1 Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4169575. [PMID: 29849894 PMCID: PMC5904805 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4169575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is considered critical development in the progression of cardiovascular events and is associated with vascular damage and oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that profilin-1 could be induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and contributes to vascular hyperpermeability; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to assess whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in profilin-1-mediated RhoA/ROCK1 signaling. Treatment with AGEs significantly induced the expression of profilin-1 and ROS production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas knockdown of profilin-1 diminished AGE-induced RhoA and ROCK1 activation and ROS production. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of profilin-1 also increased RhoA and ROCK1 activation and ROS production under low AGE concentration. Furthermore, blockage of RhoA/ROCK1 with the inhibitors CT04 and Y27632 significantly attenuated the profilin-1-mediated cell damage and ROS production. Additionally, ROS inhibition resulted in a significant decrease in profilin-1-mediated RhoA/ROCK1 expression, suggesting that the regulation of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling was partly independent of ROS. Taken together, these results suggested that the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway activated by excessive ROS is responsible for profilin-1-mediated endothelial damage.
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