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Idowu OK, Oremosu AA, Dosumu OO, Mohammed AA. Ribose-cysteine and levodopa abrogate Parkinsonism via the regulation of neurochemical and redox activities in alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2306687. [PMID: 38286464 PMCID: PMC10826630 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2306687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent type of parkinsonism, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by several non-motor and motor symptoms. PD is thought to have a complex aetiology that includes a combination of age, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors. Increased expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein is central to the evolvement of neuropathology in this devastating disorder, but the potential of ribose-cysteine and levodopa in abating pathophysiologic changes in PD model is unknown. Crosses were set up between flies conditionally expressing a pathological variant of human α-Syn (UAS-α-Syn) and those expressing GAL4 in neurons (elav-GAL4) to generate offspring referred to as PD flies. Flies were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 40) from the total population of flies, with each group having five replicates. Groups of PD flies were treated with either 500 mg/kg ribose-cysteine diet, 250 mg/kg levodopa diet, or a combination of the two compounds for 21 days, whereas the control group (w1118) and the PD group were exposed to a diet without ribose-cysteine or levodopa. In addition to various biochemical and neurochemical assays, longevity, larval motility, and gravitaxis assays were carried out. Locomotive capability, lifespan, fecundity, antioxidant state, and neurotransmitter systems were all significantly (p < 0.05) compromised by overexpression of α-Syn. However, flies treated both ribose cysteine and levodopa showed an overall marked improvement in motor functions, lifespan, fecundity, antioxidant status, and neurotransmitter system functions. In conclusion, ribose-cysteine and levodopa, both singly and in combination, potentiated a therapeutic effect on alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa K. Idowu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi A. Mohammed
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
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Slota JA, Lamoureux L, Frost KL, Sajesh BV, Booth SA. Single-cell transcriptomics unveils molecular signatures of neuronal vulnerability in a mouse model of prion disease that overlap with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:10174. [PMID: 39580485 PMCID: PMC11585576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding why certain neurons are more sensitive to dysfunction and death caused by misfolded proteins could provide therapeutically relevant insights into neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we harnessed single-cell transcriptomics to examine live neurons isolated from prion-infected female mice, aiming to identify and characterize prion-vulnerable neuronal subsets. Our analysis revealed distinct transcriptional responses across neuronal subsets, with a consistent pathway-level depletion of synaptic gene expression in damage-vulnerable neurons. By scoring neuronal damage based on the magnitude of depleted synaptic gene expression, we identified a diverse spectrum of prion-vulnerable glutamatergic, GABAergic, and medium spiny neurons. Comparison between prion-vulnerable and resistant neurons highlighted baseline gene expression differences that could influence neuronal vulnerability. For instance, the neuroprotective cold-shock protein Rbm3 exhibited higher baseline gene expression in prion-resistant neurons and was robustly upregulated across diverse neuronal classes upon prion infection. We also identified vulnerability-correlated transcripts that overlapped between prion and Alzheimer's disease. Our findings not only demonstrate the potential of single-cell transcriptomics to identify damage-vulnerable neurons, but also provide molecular insights into neuronal vulnerability and highlight commonalties across neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy A Slota
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-Borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lise Lamoureux
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-Borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathy L Frost
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-Borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Babu V Sajesh
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-Borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Booth
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-Borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Abramov AY, Myers I, Angelova PR. Carbon Monoxide: A Pleiotropic Redox Regulator of Life and Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1121. [PMID: 39334780 PMCID: PMC11428877 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent technological progress, carbon monoxide poisoning is still one of the leading causes of domestic and industrial morbidity and mortality. The brain is particularly vulnerable to CO toxicity, and thus the majority of survivors develop delayed movement and cognitive complications. CO binds to haemoglobin in erythrocytes, preventing oxygen delivery to tissues, and additionally inhibits mitochondrial respiration. This renders the effect of CO to be closely related to hypoxia reperfusion injury. Oxygen deprivation, as well as CO poisoning and re-oxygenation, are shown to be able to activate the production of reactive oxygen species and to induce oxidative stress. Here, we review the role of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress in the mechanism of neuronal cell death induced by carbon monoxide and re-oxygenation. We discuss possible protective mechanisms used by brain cells with a specific focus on the inhibition of CO-induced ROS production and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Plamena R. Angelova
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square, London WC1N3BG, UK; (A.Y.A.); (I.M.)
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Santos DF, Simão S, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P, Araújo IM. Oxidative stress and aging: synergies for age related diseases. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:2074-2091. [PMID: 39112436 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function and underlies several disabilities, including the increased sensitivity of cells and tissues to undergo pathological oxidative stress. In recent years, efforts have been made to better understand the relationship between age and oxidative stress and further develop therapeutic strategies to minimize the impact of both events on age-related diseases. In this work, we review the impact of the oxidant and antioxidant systems during aging and disease development and discuss the crosstalk of oxidative stress and other aging processes, with a focus on studies conducted in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Santos
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Simão
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), Loulé, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), Loulé, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), Loulé, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), Loulé, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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Idowu OK, Dosumu OO, Boboye AS, Oremosu AA, Mohammed AA. Lauric acid with or without levodopa ameliorates Parkinsonism in genetically modified model of Drosophila melanogaster via the oxidative-inflammatory-apoptotic pathway. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70001. [PMID: 39245995 PMCID: PMC11381577 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent type of Parkinsonism, is a progressive neurological condition characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The complicated etiology of PD is thought to involve a summation of aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental variables. However, the α-synuclein protein plays a significant role in the disease's pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UAS-α-Syn and Ddc-Gal4 strains were crossed to produce offspring referred to as PD flies. The entire population of flies was divided into five groups, each having about 100 flies and five replicates. The control group (w1118) and the PD group not receiving treatment were exposed to lauric acid (LA)/levodopa (LD)-free diet, while the PD groups that received treatments were fed with either a 250 mg/kg LA diet, a 250 mg/kg LD diet, or a combination of the two for 21 days. Longevity, geotaxis, and olfactory assays were performed in addition to other biochemical tests. RESULTS As a result of the overexpression of α-synuclein, the locomotive capacity, lifespan, and antioxidant status were all significantly (p < .05) reduced, and the apoptotic and neuroinflammatory activities were increased. Nevertheless, the majority of the treated flies improved significantly (p < .05). CONCLUSION LA, whether combined with LD or not, elicited a significant response in α-synuclein/dopa decarboxylase genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster Parkinsonism models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa K Idowu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji S Boboye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi A Mohammed
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
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Kim Y, Cho M, Lee JS, Oh J, Lim J. Protocatechuic Acid from Euonymus alatus Mitigates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:2664. [PMID: 39272430 PMCID: PMC11394611 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative disorders owing to the aging population worldwide poses substantial challenges. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA), a compound found in various fruits, vegetables, and grains, using a scopolamine-induced hypomnesia mouse model. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered PCA at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for two weeks, along with intraperitoneal injections of scopolamine. Learning and memory abilities were assessed using the passive avoidance, Morris water maze, and Y-maze behavioral assays. Biochemical analyses evaluated the levels of oxidative stress markers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the blood and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, as well as phase II antioxidant proteins in the hippocampus. Histological examination was conducted to determine hippocampal integrity. Our results demonstrated that PCA administration at 10 mg/kg body weight per day or higher for two weeks (i) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments, as evidenced by improved performance in behavioral tasks, (ii) reduced plasma 8-OHdG levels and cerebral MDA levels in a dose-dependent manner, (iii) increased antioxidant protein expressions in the hippocampal tissue, and (iv) mitigated histological damage in the hippocampal region of the brain. These findings suggest that oral administration of PCA provides neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-induced learning and memory impairments, possibly through upregulating antioxidant machinery. Therefore, PCA may serve as a promising dietary supplement for mitigating cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Environment Research Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju 38174, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Di D, Zhang C, Sun S, Pei K, Gu R, Sun Y, Zhou S, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang S, Wu H, Zhu B, Xu X. Mechanism of Yishen Chuchan decoction intervention of Parkinson's disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34823. [PMID: 39149067 PMCID: PMC11325061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) rises rapidly with the increase of age. With the advent of global aging, the number of patients with PD is rising along with the elderly population, especially in China. Previously, we found that Yishen chuchan decoction (YCD), prescribed based on clinical experience, has the potential of alleviating symptoms, delaying the progression, and controlling the development of PD. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanistic role is yet to be explored. Aim This research examined the possible therapeutic effects of YCD in alleviating PD via a systematic approach with network pharmacology and experimental validation, aiming at providing a new understanding of traditional Chinese medicine management regarding PD. Methods The chemical structure and properties of YCD were adopted from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), SwissADME, PubChem, and PubMed. The potential targets for YCD and PD were identified using Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCard, PubChem, and UniProt. The herbal-component-target network was created via the Cytoscape software. Moreover, by using the STRING database, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was screened. Gene function GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed via the Metascape database. YCD-medicated Rat Serum from Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats was prepared, and SH-SY5Y cells were preconditioned with rotenone to develop the PD model. To examine the impact of YCD on these cells and explore the mechanistic role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the cells were pretreated with either serum or a p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor. This study employed the Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay and Hoechst 33,342 staining to evaluate the viability and morphological changes induced by the YCD-medicated rat serum on rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis was assessed by Flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the concentrations of inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined. Western Blotting measured the expression of total and phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38). Results This study identified 65 active components in YCD, which were found to target 801 specific genes. By screening, 63 potential core targets were identified from a pool of 172 overlapping targets between PD and YCD. These targets were examined by GO and KEGG analyses revealing their substantial correlation to MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, positively controlling protein phosphorylation, and pathways of neurodegenerative diseases. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 2 μM rotenone for 48 h, which reduced cell viability to 50 %, and reduced MAP2 expression, increased the rate of apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and p-p38 expressions. YCD-medicated rat serum significantly improved the viability, reduced the apoptosis rate, and increased the MAP2 expression. YCD-medicated serum increased SOD, reduced ROS and suppressed IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, thus inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, YCD-medicated serum substantially lowered the p-p38 expression induced by rotenone. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, could also inhibit the p-p38 expression, apoptosis, and restore morphological damage of cells, also improve inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion YCD enhanced cell viability and reduced apoptosis rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress in vitro. These beneficial effects could potentially involve the suppression of p38 pathway and suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Di
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226631, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suping Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Ke Pei
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Shihan Zhou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Nantong TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Boran Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Nantong TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Azam HMH, Rößling RI, Geithe C, Khan MM, Dinter F, Hanack K, Prüß H, Husse B, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P, Rödiger S. MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1386735. [PMID: 38883980 PMCID: PMC11177777 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1386735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by abnormalities within neurons of the brain or spinal cord that gradually lose function, eventually leading to cell death. Upon examination of affected tissue, pathological changes reveal a loss of synapses, misfolded proteins, and activation of immune cells-all indicative of disease progression-before severe clinical symptoms become apparent. Early detection of NDs is crucial for potentially administering targeted medications that may delay disease advancement. Given their complex pathophysiological features and diverse clinical symptoms, there is a pressing need for sensitive and effective diagnostic methods for NDs. Biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential tools for detecting these diseases. We explore the pivotal role of miRNAs in the context of NDs, focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The review delves into the intricate relationship between aging and NDs, highlighting structural and functional alterations in the aging brain and their implications for disease development. It elucidates how miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs and underscores the importance of investigating their expression and function in aging. Significantly, miRNAs exert substantial influence on post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacting not just the nervous system but a wide array of tissues and cell types as well. Specific miRNAs have been found to target proteins involved in ubiquitination or de-ubiquitination processes, which play a significant role in regulating protein function and stability. We discuss the link between miRNA, PTM, and NDs. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for early disease detection, offering insights into diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Husnain Azam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Rosa Ilse Rößling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Geithe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Moman Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Dinter
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- PolyAn GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Hanack
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harald Prüß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Husse
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
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Vinokurov AY, Pogonyalova MY, Andreeva L, Abramov AY, Angelova PR. Energy substrate supplementation increases ATP levels and is protective to PD neurons. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100187. [PMID: 38841052 PMCID: PMC11150967 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alteration of mitochondrial metabolism by various mutations or toxins leads to various neurological conditions. Age-related changes in energy metabolism could also play the role of a trigger for neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, it is not clear if restoration of ATP production or supplementation of brain cells with substrates for energy production could be neuroprotective. Using primary neurons and astrocytes, and neurons with familial forms of neurodegenerative disorders we studied whether various substrates of energy metabolism could improve mitochondrial metabolism and stimulate ATP production, and whether increased ATP levels could protect cells against glutamate excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. We found that supplementation of neurons with several substrates, or combination thereof, for the TCA cycle and cellular respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation resulted in an increase in mitochondrial NADH level and in mitochondrial membrane potential and led to an increased level of ATP in neurons and astrocytes. Subsequently, these cells were protected against energy deprivation during ischemia or glutamate excitotoxicity. Provision of substrates for energy metabolism to cells with familial forms of Parkinson's disease also prevented triggering of cell death. Thus, restoration of energy metabolism and increase of ATP production can play neuroprotective role in neurodegeneration. A combination of a succinate salt of choline and nicotinamide provided the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Y. Vinokurov
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Plamena R. Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
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Seryogina ES, Kamynina AV, Koroev DO, Volpina OM, Vinokurov AY, Abramov AY. RAGE induces physiological activation of NADPH oxidase in neurons and astrocytes and neuroprotection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1944-1957. [PMID: 38335056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The transmembrane receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a signaling receptor for many damage- and pathogen-associated molecules. Activation of RAGE is associated with inflammation and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although several sources of ROS have been previously suggested, how RAGE induces ROS production is still unclear, considering the multiple targets of pathogen-associated molecules. Here, using acute brain slices and primary co-culture of cortical neurons and astrocytes, we investigated the effects of a range of synthetic peptides corresponding to the fragments of the RAGE V-domain on redox signaling. We found that the synthetic fragment (60-76) of the RAGE V-domain induces activation of ROS production in astrocytes and neurons from the primary co-culture and acute brain slices. This effect occurred through activation of RAGE and could be blocked by a RAGE inhibitor. Activation of RAGE by the synthetic fragment stimulates ROS production in NADPH oxidase (NOX). This RAGE-induced NOX activation produced only minor decreases in glutathione levels and increased the rate of lipid peroxidation, although it also reduced basal and β-amyloid induced cell death in neurons and astrocytes. Thus, specific activation of RAGE induces redox signaling through NOX, which can be a part of a cell protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna V Kamynina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Koroev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga M Volpina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Orel State University, Russia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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11
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Alam MN, Singh L, Khan NA, Asiri YI, Hassan MZ, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Hussain MS. Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Combination with Curcumin against PTZ-Induced Kindled Epilepsy in Rats: In Vivo and In Silico. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1223. [PMID: 37765031 PMCID: PMC10534968 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of M. oleifera (MOEE) leaves in combination with curcumin against seizures, cognitive impairment, and oxidative stress in the molecular docking of PTZ-induced kindled rats was performed to predict the potential phytochemical effects of MOEE and curcumin against epilepsy. The effect of pretreatment with leaves of M. oleifera ethanolic extracts (MOEE) (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, orally), curcumin (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, orally), valproic acid used as a standard (100 mg/kg), and the combined effect of MOEE (250 mg/kg) and curcumin (200 mg/kg) at a low dose on Pentylenetetrazole was used for (PTZ)-induced kindling For the development of kindling, individual Wistar rats (male) were injected with pentyletetrazole (40 mg/kg, i.p.) on every alternate day. Molecular docking was performed by the Auto Dock 4.2 tool to merge the ligand orientations in the binding cavity. From the RCSB website, the crystal structure of human glutathione reductase (PDB ID: 3DK9) was obtained. Curcumin and M. oleifera ethanolic extracts (MOEE) showed dose-dependent effects. The combined effects of MOEE and curcumin leaves significantly improved the seizure score and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks compared with a standard dose of valproic acid. PTZ kindling induced significant oxidative stress and cognitive impairment, which was reversed by pretreatment with MOEE and curcumin. Glutathione reductase (GR) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the cellular control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, activating GR can uplift antioxidant properties, which leads to the inhibition of ROS-induced cell death in the brain. The combination of the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera (MOEE) leaves and curcumin has shown better results than any other combination for antiepileptic effects by virtue of antioxidant effects. As per the docking study, chlorogenic acid and quercetin treated with acombination of curcumin have much more potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Niyaz Alam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad 244102, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lubhan Singh
- Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Subharti University, Meerut 250005, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Najam Ali Khan
- GMS College of Pharmacy, Shakarpur, Rajabpure, Amroha 244221, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Yahya I. Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd. Zaheen Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Md. Sarfaraj Hussain
- Lord Buddha Koshi College of Pharmacy, Baijnathpur, Saharsa 852201, Bihar, India;
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13
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Pinelli R, Ferrucci M, Biagioni F, Berti C, Bumah VV, Busceti CL, Puglisi-Allegra S, Lazzeri G, Frati A, Fornai F. Autophagy Activation Promoted by Pulses of Light and Phytochemicals Counteracting Oxidative Stress during Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1183. [PMID: 37371913 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal role of autophagy during age-related macular degeneration (AMD) lies in the clearance of a number of reactive oxidative species that generate dysfunctional mitochondria. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina generate misfolded proteins, alter lipids and sugars composition, disrupt DNA integrity, damage cell organelles and produce retinal inclusions while causing AMD. This explains why autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), mostly at the macular level, is essential in AMD and even in baseline conditions to provide a powerful and fast replacement of oxidized molecules and ROS-damaged mitochondria. When autophagy is impaired within RPE, the deleterious effects of ROS, which are produced in excess also during baseline conditions, are no longer counteracted, and retinal degeneration may occur. Within RPE, autophagy can be induced by various stimuli, such as light and naturally occurring phytochemicals. Light and phytochemicals, in turn, may synergize to enhance autophagy. This may explain the beneficial effects of light pulses combined with phytochemicals both in improving retinal structure and visual acuity. The ability of light to activate some phytochemicals may further extend such a synergism during retinal degeneration. In this way, photosensitive natural compounds may produce light-dependent beneficial antioxidant effects in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pinelli
- SERI, Switzerland Eye Research Institute, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Caterina Berti
- SERI, Switzerland Eye Research Institute, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Violet Vakunseth Bumah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee, Martin, TN 38237, USA
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
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14
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Tzoneva R, Yancheva D. New Indole-3-Propionic Acid and 5-Methoxy-Indole Carboxylic Acid Derived Hydrazone Hybrids as Multifunctional Neuroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040977. [PMID: 37107353 PMCID: PMC10135567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the known neuroprotective properties of indole compounds and the promising potential of hydrazone derivatives, two series of aldehyde-heterocyclic hybrids combining those pharmacophores were synthesized as new multifunctional neuroprotectors. The obtained derivatives of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and 5-methoxy-indole carboxylic acid (5MICA) had good safety profiles: Hemolytic effects < 5% (200 μM) and IC50 > 150 µM were found in the majority of the SH-SY5Y and bEnd3 cell lines. The 2,3-dihydroxy, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy, and syringaldehyde derivatives of 5MICA exhibited the strongest neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat-brain synaptosomes. All the compounds suppressed the iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The hydroxyl derivatives were also the most active in terms of deoxyribose-degradation inhibition, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxy derivatives were able to decrease the superoxide-anion generation. Both series of compounds showed an increased inhibition of hMAO-B, with greater expression detected in the 5MICA hybrids. The in vitro BBB model with the bEnd3 cell line showed that some compounds increased the permeability of the endothelial monolayer while maintaining the tight junctions. The combined results demonstrated that the derivatives of IPA and 5MICA showed strong neuroprotective, antioxidant, MAO-B inhibitory activity and could be considered as prospective multifunctional compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str.,1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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16
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Gunraj RE, Yang C, Liu L, Larochelle J, Candelario-Jalil E. Protective roles of adropin in neurological disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C674-C678. [PMID: 36717106 PMCID: PMC10027081 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00318.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a highly conserved secreted peptide encoded by the Energy Homeostasis Associated gene (Enho). It is expressed in many tissues throughout the body, including the liver and brain, and plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and regulating insulin sensitivity. Adropin also participates in several other pathophysiological processes of multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases. There is strong evidence of the protective effects of adropin in stroke, heart disease, aging, and other diseases. The peptide has been shown to reduce the risk of disease, attenuate histological alterations, and reduce cognitive decline associated with neurological disorders. Recent findings support its critical role in regulating endothelial cells and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent mechanism. Here we discuss current evidence of the protective effects of adropin in CNS diseases specifically involving the cerebrovasculature and highlight potential mechanisms through which the peptide exhibits these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Gunraj
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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17
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Angelova PR, Myers I, Abramov AY. Carbon monoxide neurotoxicity is triggered by oxidative stress induced by ROS production from three distinct cellular sources. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102598. [PMID: 36640724 PMCID: PMC9852609 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading causes of toxic mortality and morbidity. We have studied the generation of reactive oxygen species in cortical neurons in culture in response to toxic doses of CO exposure. Fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the rate of free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, GSH level and also mitochondrial metabolism. We have found that toxic concentrations of CO released from CORM-401 induced mitochondrial depolarisation and inhibition of NADH dependent respiration to a lesser degree than when compared to ischaemia. Energy collapse was not observed within 40 min of CO exposure. We have found that CO induces the generation of reactive oxygen species resulting in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in GSH via three different mechanisms: from mitochondria during the first minutes of CO exposure, from xanthine oxidase at around 20 min exposure due to energy deprivation, and considerable ROS production from NADPH oxidase in the post CO exposure period (re-oxygenation). Inhibition of these different phases with mitochondrial antioxidants, inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, or NADPH oxidase, protected neurons and astrocytes against CO-induced oxidative stress and cell death. The most profound effect was seen during NADPH oxidase inhibition. Thus, oxidative stress has a remarkably significant role in CO-induced neuronal cell death and preventing its occurrence during reoxygenation is of great importance in the consideration of a positive, neurologically protective therapeutic outcome for CO exposed patients.
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18
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I. Targeting the oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders with multifunctional benzimidazole and indole hybrids. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str.,1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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19
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Soldatov VO, Kubekina MV, Skorkina MY, Belykh AE, Egorova TV, Korokin MV, Pokrovskiy MV, Deykin AV, Angelova PR. Current advances in gene therapy of mitochondrial diseases. J Transl Med 2022; 20:562. [PMID: 36471396 PMCID: PMC9724384 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MD) are a heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders involving metabolic errors. MD are characterized by extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystem dysfunction with different clinical courses. Most primary MD are autosomal recessive but maternal inheritance (from mtDNA), autosomal dominant, and X-linked inheritance is also known. Mitochondria are unique energy-generating cellular organelles designed to survive and contain their own unique genetic coding material, a circular mtDNA fragment of approximately 16,000 base pairs. The mitochondrial genetic system incorporates closely interacting bi-genomic factors encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Understanding the dynamics of mitochondrial genetics supporting mitochondrial biogenesis is especially important for the development of strategies for the treatment of rare and difficult-to-diagnose diseases. Gene therapy is one of the methods for correcting mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav O Soldatov
- Core Facility Centre, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia.
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedicine and Animal Health, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia.
| | - Marina V Kubekina
- Core Facility Centre, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Yu Skorkina
- Department of Biochemistry, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedicine and Animal Health, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Andrei E Belykh
- Dioscuri Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tatiana V Egorova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Korokin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Pokrovskiy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Deykin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedicine and Animal Health, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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20
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Schweizer U, Fabiano M. Selenoproteins in brain development and function. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:105-115. [PMID: 35961466 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Expression of selenoproteins is widespread in neurons of the central nervous system. There is continuous evidence presented over decades that low levels of selenium or selenoproteins are linked to seizures and epilepsy indicating a failure of the inhibitory system. Many developmental processes in the brain depend on the thyroid hormone T3. T3 levels can be locally increased by the action of iodothyronine deiodinases on the prohormone T4. Since deiodinases are selenoproteins, it is expected that selenoprotein deficiency may affect development of the central nervous system. Studies in genetically modified mice or clinical observations of patients with rare diseases point to a role of selenoproteins in brain development and degeneration. In particular selenoprotein P is central to brain function by virtue of its selenium transport function into and within the brain. We summarize which selenoproteins are essential for the brain, which processes depend on selenoproteins, and what is known about genetic deficiencies of selenoproteins in humans. This review is not intended to cover the potential influence of selenium or selenoproteins on major neurodegenerative disorders in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schweizer
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marietta Fabiano
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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21
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The Nrf2 antioxidant defense system in intervertebral disc degeneration: Molecular insights. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1067-1075. [PMID: 35978054 PMCID: PMC9440120 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disorder and is recognized as a major contributor to discogenic lower back pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IDD remain unclear, and therapeutic strategies for IDD are currently limited. Oxidative stress plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many age-related diseases in humans, including IDD. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master antioxidant transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative stress damage. Nrf2 is negatively modulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and exerts important effects on IDD progression. Accumulating evidence has revealed that Nrf2 can facilitate the transcription of downstream antioxidant genes in disc cells by binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in promoter regions, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). The Nrf2 antioxidant defense system regulates cell apoptosis, senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, the inflammatory response of the nucleus pulposus (NP), and calcification of the cartilaginous endplates (EP) in IDD. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on the roles of Nrf2 in IDD systematically. Insights into the activity of a protein that regulates gene expression and protects cells against oxidative stress could yield novel treatments for lower back pain. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of lower back pain, but the molecular mechanisms underlying IDD are unclear, meaning treatment options are limited. Oxidative stress is implicated in IDD, and scientists have begun exploring the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the body’s antioxidant responses, in regulating IDD progression. In a review of recent research, Weishi Li at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China, and co-workers point out that boosting the activity of Nrf2-related signaling pathways alleviates oxidative stress in intervertebral disc cells. The researchers suggest that therapies based on non-coding RNAs may prove valuable in activating Nrf2 in IDD patients.
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Flora SJS, Jain K, Panghal A, Patwa J. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A Chelating Agent for Chronic Metal Poisoning. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1701-1719. [PMID: 35972774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid, is known to cause deleterious effects in various body organs, particularly the liver, urinary bladder, and brain, and these effects are primarily mediated through oxidative stress. Chelation therapy has been considered one of the promising medical treatments for arsenic poisoning. Meso 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been recognized as one of the most effective chelating drugs to treat arsenic poisoning. However, the drug is compromised with a number of shortcomings, including the inability to treat chronic arsenic poisoning due to its extracellular distribution. Monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, one of the analogues of meso 2,3-dimeraptosuccinic acid (DMSA), is a lipophilic chelator and has shown promise to be considered as a potential future chelating agent/antidote not only for arsenic but also for a few other heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, and gallium arsenide. The results from numerous studies carried out in the recent past, mainly from our group, strongly support the clinical application of MiADMSA. This review paper summarizes most of the scientific details including the chemistry, pharmacology, and safety profile of MiADMSA. The efficacy of MiADMSA mainly against arsenic toxicity but also a few other heavy metals was also discussed. We also reviewed a few other strategies in order to achieve the optimum effects of MiADMSA, like combination therapy using two chelating agents or coadministration of a natural and synthetic antioxidant (including phytomedicine) along with MiADMSA for treatment of metal/metalloid poisoning. We also briefly discussed the use of nanotechnology (nano form of MiADMSA i.e. nano-MiADMSA) and compared it with bulk MiADMSA. All these strategies have been shown to be beneficial in getting more pronounced therapeutic efficacy of MiADMSA, as an adjuvant or as a complementary agent, by significantly increasing the chelating efficacy of MiADMSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Archna Panghal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Jayant Patwa
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and alteration of redox signaling is shown to be involved in the mechanism of neuronal loss in the most of neurodegenerative diseases. This Special Issue features seven review articles that cover major aspects of the changes of redox biology in the mechanism of pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and discusses possible ways for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Angelova PR, Kerbert AJ, Habtesion A, Hall A, Abramov AY, Jalan R. Hyperammonemia induces mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100510. [PMID: 35845295 PMCID: PMC9278080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims In cirrhosis, astrocytic swelling is believed to be the principal mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity leading to hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The role of neuronal dysfunction in HE is not clear. We aimed to explore the impact of hyperammonaemia on mitochondrial function in primary co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes and in acute brain slices of cirrhotic rats using live cell imaging. Methods To primary cocultures of astrocytes and neurons, low concentrations (1 and 5 μM) of NH4Cl were applied. In rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cirrhosis, a model known to induce hyperammonaemia and minimal HE, acute brain slices were studied. One group of BDL rats was treated twice daily with the ammonia scavenger ornithine phenylacetate (OP; 0.3 g/kg). Fluorescence measurements of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation (LP) rates, and cell viability were performed using confocal microscopy. Results Neuronal cultures treated with NH4Cl exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS overproduction, and reduced cell viability (27.8 ± 2.3% and 41.5 ± 3.7%, respectively) compared with untreated cultures (15.7 ± 1.0%, both p <0.0001). BDL led to increased cerebral LP (p = 0.0003) and cytosolic ROS generation (p <0.0001), which was restored by OP (both p <0.0001). Mitochondrial function was severely compromised in BDL, resulting in hyperpolarisation of Δψm with consequent overconsumption of adenosine triphosphate and augmentation of mitochondrial ROS production. Administration of OP restored Δψm. In BDL animals, neuronal loss was observed in hippocampal areas, which was partially prevented by OP. Conclusions Our results elucidate that low-grade hyperammonaemia in cirrhosis can severely impact on brain mitochondrial function. Profound neuronal injury was observed in hyperammonaemic conditions, which was partially reversible by OP. This points towards a novel mechanism of HE development. Lay summary The impact of hyperammonaemia, a common finding in patients with liver cirrhosis, on brain mitochondrial function was investigated in this study. The results show that ammonia in concentrations commonly seen in patients induces severe mitochondrial dysfunction, overproduction of damaging oxygen molecules, and profound injury and death of neurons in rat brain cells. These findings point towards a novel mechanism of ammonia-induced brain injury in liver failure and potential novel therapeutic targets. Low concentrations of ammonia induce mitochondrial dysfunction, overproduction of ROS, and cell death in primary neurons. Hyperammonaemia in cirrhotic rats leads to ROS and LP overproduction, which was prevented by the ammonia scavenger OP. In neurons from cirrhotic rats, hyperpolarisation of Δψm was observed, which was restored by OP treatment. In a rat model of cirrhosis, profound neuronal loss was observed in the hippocampus.
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Schreiner TG, Romanescu C, Popescu BO. The Blood-Brain Barrier-A Key Player in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2022; 12:538. [PMID: 35454127 PMCID: PMC9025898 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with severe personal and social consequences, has undergone a steady increase in incidence and prevalence rates worldwide. Despite ongoing research and the development of several novel therapies, MS pathology remains incompletely understood, and the prospect for a curative treatment continues to be unpromising in the near future. A sustained research effort, however, should contribute to a deeper understanding of underlying disease mechanisms, which will undoubtedly yield improved results in drug development. In recent years, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has increasingly become the focus of many studies as it appears to be involved in both MS disease onset and progression. More specifically, neurovascular unit damage is believed to be involved in the critical process of CNS immune cell penetration, which subsequently favors the development of a CNS-specific immune response, leading to the classical pathological and clinical hallmarks of MS. The aim of the current narrative review is to merge the relevant evidence on the role of the BBB in MS pathology in a comprehensive and succinct manner. Firstly, the physiological structure and functions of the BBB as a component of the more complex neurovascular unit are presented. Subsequently, the authors review the specific alteration of the BBB encountered in different stages of MS, focusing on both the modifications of BBB cells in neuroinflammation and the CNS penetration of immune cells. Finally, the currently accepted theories on neurodegeneration in MS are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Romanescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Section IV, “St. Parascheva” Infectious Disease Hospital, 700116 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Muhammad F, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yang H, Li H. Antioxidative role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114821. [PMID: 34838943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neuroprotective Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced in alternative medicine from early days. TCM-derived neuroprotective compounds, such as Chrysin, Cannabidiol, Toonasinoids, and β-asaron, exert significant effectiveness's towards Parkinson's disease (PD). Further, these neuroprotective TCM showed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-septic, analgesic properties. Recent research showed that the reduction in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased the α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity and enhanced the dopaminergic neuron regenerations, the main hallmarks of PD. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of novel TCM due to its antiradical activities needed deep investigations. AIMS OF THE STUDY This review aims to enlighten the neuroprotective TCM and its components with their antioxidative properties to the scientific community for future research. METHOD The relevant information on the neuroprotective TCM was gathered from scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, and CNKI). Information was also gained from MS and Ph.D. thesis, books, and online databases. The literature cited in this review dates from 2001 to June 2, 0201. RESULTS Novel therapies for PD are accessible, mostly rely on Rivastigmine and Donepezil, offers to slow down the progression of disease at an early stage but embraces lots of disadvantages. Researchers are trying to find a potential drug against PD, which is proficient at preventing or curing the disease progress, but still needed to be further identified. Oxidative insult and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be the main culprit of neurodegenerations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the only causative agent in all interactions, leading to PD, from mitochondrial dysfunctions, α-syn aggregative toxicity, and DA neurons degenerations. It is evident from the redox balance, which seems an imperative therapeutic approach against PD and was necessary for the significant neuronal activities. CONCLUSION Our study is explaining the newly discovered TCM and their neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. But also bring up the possible treatment approaches against PD for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Muhammad
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yongtao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Instiute of Biology Gansu Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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Interaction of Mitochondrial Calcium and ROS in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040706. [PMID: 35203354 PMCID: PMC8869783 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions. Progress in the investigation of the mechanisms of these disorders helped to identify a number of genes associated with familial forms of these diseases and a number of toxins and risk factors which trigger sporadic and toxic forms of these diseases. Recently, some similarities in the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases were identified, including the involvement of mitochondria, oxidative stress, and the abnormality of Ca2+ signaling in neurons and astrocytes. Thus, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species during metabolism which play a further role in redox signaling, but this may also act as an additional trigger for abnormal mitochondrial calcium handling, resulting in mitochondrial calcium overload. Combinations of these factors can be the trigger of neuronal cell death in some pathologies. Here, we review the latest literature on the crosstalk of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ in brain mitochondria in physiology and beyond, considering how changes in mitochondrial metabolism or redox signaling can convert this interaction into a pathological event.
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Surface Properties of Synaptosomes in the Presence of L-Glutamic and Kainic Acids: In Vitro Alteration of the ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase Activities. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120987. [PMID: 34940488 PMCID: PMC8708669 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphologically and functionally identical to brain synapses, the nerve ending particles synaptosomes are biochemically derived membrane structures responsible for the transmission of neural information. Their surface and mechanical properties, measured in vitro, provide useful information about the functional activity of synapses in the brain in vivo. Glutamate and kainic acid are of particular interest because of their role in brain pathology (including causing seizure, migraine, ischemic stroke, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hematoma, traumatic brain injury and stroke). The effects of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid and its agonist kainic acid are tested on Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities in synaptic membranes prepared from the cerebral cortex of rat brain tissue. The surface parameters of synaptosome preparations from the cerebral cortex in the presence of L-glutamic and kainic acids are studied by microelectrophoresis for the first time. The studied neurotransmitters promote a significant increase in the electrophoretic mobility and surface electrical charge of synaptosomes at 1–4 h after isolation. The measured decrease in the bending modulus of model bimolecular membranes composed of monounsaturated lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine provides evidence for softer membranes in the presence of L-glutamate. Kainic acid does not affect membrane mechanical stability even at ten-fold higher concentrations. Both the L-glutamic and kainic acids reduce acetylcholinesterase activity and deviation from the normal functions of neurotransmission in synapses is presumed. The presented results regarding the modulation of the enzyme activity of synaptic membranes and surface properties of synaptosomes are expected by biochemical and biophysical studies to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of neurotransmitters/agonists’ action on membranes.
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Barilani M, Lovejoy C, Piras R, Abramov AY, Lazzari L, Angelova PR. Age-related changes in the energy of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1753-1767. [PMID: 34791648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process that leads to a higher risk for the most devastating diseases. There are a number of theories of human aging proposed, and many of them are directly or indirectly linked to mitochondria. Here, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and older donors to study age-related changes in mitochondrial metabolism. We have found that aging in MSCs is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower NADH levels in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA content is higher in aged MSCs, but the overall mitochondrial mass is decreased due to increased rates of mitophagy. Despite the higher level of ATP in aged cells, a higher rate of ATP consumption renders them more vulnerable to energy deprivation compared to younger cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in aged MSCs activate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria which is compensated by a higher level of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione. Thus, energy metabolism and redox state are the drivers for the aging of MSCs/mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barilani
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Christopher Lovejoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roberta Piras
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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