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Di Veroli B, Bentanachs R, Roglans N, Alegret M, Giona L, Profumo E, Berry A, Saso L, Laguna JC, Buttari B. Sex Differences Affect the NRF2 Signaling Pathway in the Early Phase of Liver Steatosis: A High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rat Model Supplemented with Liquid Fructose. Cells 2024; 13:1247. [PMID: 39120278 PMCID: PMC11312139 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex differences may play a role in the etiopathogenesis and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a disorder characterized by excessive fat accumulation associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. We previously observed the development of steatosis specifically in female rats fed a high-fat diet enriched with liquid fructose (HFHFr) for 12 weeks. The aim of this study was to better characterize the observed sex differences by focusing on the antioxidant and cytoprotective pathways related to the KEAP1/NRF2 axis. The KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway, autophagy process (LC3B and LAMP2), and endoplasmic reticulum stress response (XBP1) were analyzed in liver homogenates in male and female rats that were fed a 12-week HFHFr diet. In females, the HFHFr diet resulted in the initial activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway, which was not followed by the modulation of downstream molecular targets; this was possibly due to the increase in KEAP1 levels preventing the nuclear translocation of NRF2 despite its cytosolic increase. Interestingly, while in both sexes the HFHFr diet resulted in an increase in the levels of LC3BII/LC3BI, a marker of autophagosome formation, only males showed a significant upregulation of LAMP2 and XBP1s; this did not occur in females, suggesting impaired autophagic flux in this sex. Overall, our results suggest that males are characterized by a greater ability to cope with an HFHFr metabolic stimulus mainly through an autophagic-mediated proteostatic process while in females, this is impaired. This might depend at least in part upon the fine modulation of the cytoprotective and antioxidant KEAP1/NRF2 pathway resulting in sex differences in the occurrence and severity of MASLD. These results should be considered to design effective therapeutics for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Di Veroli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.D.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Roger Bentanachs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (N.R.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (N.R.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (N.R.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Giona
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.D.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (N.R.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.D.V.); (E.P.)
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Xiong G, Li J, Yao F, Yang F, Xiang Y. New insight into the CNC-bZIP member, NFE2L3, in human diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1430486. [PMID: 39149514 PMCID: PMC11325725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1430486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 3 (NFE2L3), a member of the CNC-bZIP subfamily and widely found in a variety of tissues, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored transcription factor that can be released from the ER and moved into the nucleus to bind the promoter region to regulate a series of target genes involved in antioxidant, inflammatory responses, and cell cycle regulation in response to extracellular or intracellular stress. Recent research, particularly in the past 5 years, has shed light on NFE2L3's participation in diverse biological processes, including cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, lipid homeostasis, immune responses, and tumor growth. Notably, NFE2L3 has been identified as a key player in the development and prognosis of multiple cancers including colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, research has linked NFE2L3 to other cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, and laryngeal carcinoma, indicating its potential as a target for innovative cancer treatment approaches. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the role of NFE2L3 in disease, this review offers insights into the discovery, structure, function, and recent advancements in the study of NFE2L3 to lay the groundwork for the development of NFE2L3-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jintang County, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuli Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuancai Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Qi W, Fang Z, Luo C, Hong H, Long Y, Dai Z, Liu J, Zeng Y, Zhou T, Xia Y, Yang X, Gao G. The critical role of BTRC in hepatic steatosis as an ATGL E3 ligase. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad064. [PMID: 37873692 PMCID: PMC10993717 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic steatosis, is one of the commonest causes of liver dysfunction. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is closely related to lipid turnover and hepatic steatosis as the speed-limited triacylglycerol lipase in liver lipolysis. However, the expression and regulation of ATGL in NAFLD remain unclear. Herein, our results showed that ATGL protein levels were decreased in the liver tissues of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, naturally obese mice, and cholangioma/hepatic carcinoma patients with hepatic steatosis, as well as in the oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis cell model, while ATGL mRNA levels were not changed. ATGL protein was mainly degraded through the proteasome pathway in hepatocytes. Beta-transducin repeat containing (BTRC) was upregulated and negatively correlated with the decreased ATGL level in these hepatic steatosis models. Consequently, BTRC was identified as the E3 ligase for ATGL through predominant ubiquitination at the lysine 135 residue. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated knockdown of BTRC ameliorated steatosis in HFD-fed mouse livers and oleic acid-treated liver cells via upregulating the ATGL level. Taken together, BTRC plays a crucial role in hepatic steatosis as a new ATGL E3 ligase and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanlan Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Junxi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Chen F, Wang Q, Xiao M, Lou D, Wufur R, Hu S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y. A novel crosstalk between Nrf2 and Smad2/3 bridged by two nuanced Keap1 isoforms with their divergent effects on these distinct family transcription factors. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:190-207. [PMID: 38242246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signalling to transcriptionally regulate antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven target genes has been accepted as key redox-sensitive pathway governing a vast variety of cellular stresses during healthy survival and disease development. Herein, we identified two nuanced isoforms α and β of Keap1 in HepG2 cells, arising from its first and another in-frame translation starting codons, respectively. In identifying those differential expression genes monitored by Keap1α and/or Keap1β, an unusual interaction of Keap1 with Smad2/3 was discovered by parsing transcriptome sequencing, Keap1-interacting protein profiling and relevant immunoprecipitation data. Further examination validated that Smad2/3 enable physical interaction with Keap1, as well as its isoforms α and β, by both EDGETSD and DLG motifs in the linker regions between their MH1 and MH2 domains, such that the stability of Smad2/3 and transcriptional activity are enhanced with their prolonged half-lives and relevant signalling responses from the cytoplasmic to nuclear compartments. The activation of Smad2/3 by Keap1, Keap1α or Keap1β was much likely contributable to a coordinative or another competitive effect of Nrf2, particularly in distinct Keap1-based cellular responses to its cognate growth factor (i.e. TGF-β1) or redox stress (e.g. stimulated by tBHQ and DTT). Overall, this discovery presents a novel functional bridge crossing the Keap1-Nrf2 redox signalling and the TGF-β1-Smad2/3 pathways so as to coordinately regulate the healthy growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Chen
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufur
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yeqi Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China.
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Sun B, Zhang L, Wu B, Luo X. A Morpholine Derivative N-(4-Morpholinomethylene)ethanesulfonamide Induces Ferroptosis in Tumor Cells by Targeting NRF2. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:417-426. [PMID: 38296488 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule drugs containing morpholine-based moieties have become crucial candidates in the tumor targeted therapy strategies, but the specific molecular mechanisms of these drugs causing tumor cell death require further investigation. The morpholine derivative N-(4-morpholinomethylene)ethanesulfonamide (MESA) was used to stimulate prostate and ovarian cancer cells and we focused on the ferroptosis effects, including the target molecule and signal pathways mediated by MESA. The results showed that MESA could induce ferroptosis to cause the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis effects of tumor cells according to the identification of ferroptosis inhibitor fer-1 and other cell death inhibitors. Further MESA could significantly increase the intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ levels in tumor cells and mediate the dynamic changes of ferroptosis-relative molecules GPX4, nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (NRF2), ACSL4, SLC7A11 and P62-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-NRF2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signal pathways. Further, NRF2 overexpression could reduce the tumor cell death and ROS levels exposure to MESA. Most importantly, it was confirmed that MESA could bind to NRF2 protein through molecular docking and thermal stability assays and NRF2 was a target molecule of MESA for inducing ferroptosis effects in tumor cells. Collectively, our findings indicated the ferroptosis effects of the morpholine derivative MESA in prostate and ovarian cancer cells and its function mechanism including targeted molecule and signal pathways, which would be helpful for developing MESA as a prospective small molecule drug for cancer therapy based on cell ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Binhua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Affiliated Hospital, the Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Xiping Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital
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Deng R, Zheng Z, Hu S, Wang M, Feng J, Mattjus P, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Loss of Nrf1 rather than Nrf2 leads to inflammatory accumulation of lipids and reactive oxygen species in human hepatoma cells, which is alleviated by 2-bromopalmitate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119644. [PMID: 37996059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Since Nrf1 and Nrf2 are essential for regulating the lipid metabolism pathways, their dysregulation has thus been shown to be critically involved in the non-controllable inflammatory transformation into cancer. Herein, we have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying their distinct regulation of lipid metabolism, by comparatively analyzing the changes in those lipid metabolism-related genes in Nrf1α-/- and/or Nrf2-/- cell lines relative to wild-type controls. The results revealed that loss of Nrf1α leads to lipid metabolism disorders. That is, its lipid synthesis pathway was up-regulated by the JNK-Nrf2-AP1 signaling, while its lipid decomposition pathway was down-regulated by the nuclear receptor PPAR-PGC1 signaling, thereby resulting in severe accumulation of lipids as deposited in lipid droplets. By contrast, knockout of Nrf2 gave rise to decreases in lipid synthesis and uptake capacity. These demonstrate that Nrf1 and Nrf2 contribute to significant differences in the cellular lipid metabolism profiles and relevant pathological responses. Further experimental evidence unraveled that lipid deposition in Nrf1α-/- cells resulted from CD36 up-regulation by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, leading to abnormal activation of the inflammatory response. This was also accompanied by a series of adverse consequences, e.g., accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Nrf1α-/- cells. Interestingly, treatment of Nrf1α-/- cells with 2-bromopalmitate (2BP) enabled the yield of lipid droplets to be strikingly alleviated, as accompanied by substantial abolishment of CD36 and critical inflammatory cytokines. Such Nrf1α-/- -led inflammatory accumulation of lipids, as well as ROS, was significantly ameliorated by 2BP. Overall, this study provides a potential strategy for cancer prevention and treatment by precision targeting of Nrf1, Nrf2 alone or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Deng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ze Zheng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Department of biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Fernández-Ginés R, Encinar JA, Escoll M, Carnicero-Senabre D, Jiménez-Villegas J, García-Yagüe ÁJ, González-Rodríguez Á, Garcia-Martinez I, Valverde ÁM, Rojo AI, Cuadrado A. Specific targeting of the NRF2/β-TrCP axis promotes beneficial effects in NASH. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103027. [PMID: 38184999 PMCID: PMC10808969 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease that compromises liver function, for which there is not a specifically approved medicine. Recent research has identified transcription factor NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target. However, current NRF2 activators, designed to inhibit its repressor KEAP1, exhibit unwanted side effects. Alternatively, we previously introduced PHAR, a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of NRF2/β-TrCP, which induces a mild NRF2 activation and selectively activates NRF2 in the liver, close to normal physiological levels. Herein, we assessed the effect of PHAR in protection against NASH and its progression to fibrosis. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that PHAR effectively activated NRF2 in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Then, we used the STAM mouse model of NASH, based on partial damage of endocrine pancreas and insulin secretion impairment, followed by a high fat diet. Non-invasive analysis using MRI revealed that PHAR protects against liver fat accumulation. Moreover, PHAR attenuated key markers of NASH progression, including liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, transcriptomic data indicate that PHAR led to upregulation of 3 anti-fibrotic genes (Plg, Serpina1a, and Bmp7) and downregulation of 6 pro-fibrotic (including Acta2 and Col3a1), 11 extracellular matrix remodeling, and 8 inflammatory genes. Overall, our study suggests that the mild activation of NRF2 via the protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR holds promise as a strategy for addressing NASH and its progression to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maribel Escoll
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carnicero-Senabre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jiménez-Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel J García-Yagüe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Garcia-Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Fan C, Ling-Hu A, Sun D, Gao W, Zhang C, Duan X, Li H, Tian W, Yu Q, Ke Z. Nobiletin Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Deposition, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation by Mechanisms That Involve the Nrf2/NF-κB Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20105-20117. [PMID: 38073108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB), a flavonoid with significant antioxidant potential, holds promise for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this work, we aim to assess the effects and investigate the molecular mechanisms of NOB on NAFLD. After using a methionine choline-deficient diet to induce C57BL/6J mice, as well as oleic acid to induce HepG2 and L02 cells, we administered NOB as an intervention. The results indicated that the NOB significantly ameliorated lipid deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation in NAFLD in both models. Its mechanism may involve the Nrf2, SREBP-1c, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, Nrf2 is not only a direct target for NOB to improve oxidative damage but also indirectly involved in lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory processes in NAFLD. By inhibiting Nrf2, we found that the regulatory role of Nrf2 in lipid metabolism is not related to SREBP-1c but is closely associated with NF-κB in terms of inflammation. Our results suggest that Nrf2 is one of the most critical targets for NOB against NAFLD in multiple aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Fan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Anli Ling-Hu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Dali Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiman Gao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chenfang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xueqing Duan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zunli Ke
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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9
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Pei E, Wang H, Li Z, Xie X, Cai L, Lin M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor may substitute for sleeve gastrectomy to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102229. [PMID: 37865225 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide. We explored the potential mechanisms responsible for the protective role of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on MASLD in a high-fat diet (HFD) rat model. METHODS Rats were fed with HFD for 12 weeks to generate MASLD model that were subjected to SG or sham surgery. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) was injected intraperitoneally every day for 4 weeks after surgery to identify the impact of ERS. RESULTS The MASLD rat model was generated successfully, as indicated by significant upregulation of metabolic parameters. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and ERS-related proteins were increased in HFD rats, while expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was decreased as expected. An HFD also induced swelling and blurring of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in hepatocytes, and the above transformation could be relieved by SG and 4-PBA. SG and an ERS inhibitor both inhibited MASLD, but their combined treatment had no additional benefit. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunction of the FGF21 signaling pathway and hepatic steatosis and inflammation could be induced by an HFD, potentially causing MASLD. Bariatric surgery and ERS inhibition could alleviate MASLD by relieving ERS-mediated impairment of FGF21 signal transduction. These findings provide a new insight into the use of ERS inhibitors to treat MASLD, especially in patients who prefer to avoid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Science and Research, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Chen M. Dietary and lifestyle oxidative balance scores are independently and jointly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a 20 years nationally representative cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1276940. [PMID: 37920290 PMCID: PMC10619002 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1276940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is an important contributor to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but whether dietary and lifestyle pro- and antioxidants may have combined or independent effects on NAFLD, and advanced liver fibrosis (AHF) remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between a well-established oxidative balance score (OBS) and NAFLD/AHF. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We included adult participants with complete data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Survey-weighted adjusted multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association of all OBS with NAFLD/AHF. A combination of restricted cubic splines, mediation analysis, stratified analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to further elucidate these associations. Results We included 6,341 eligible adult participants with prevalence of NAFLD and AHF of 30.2 and 13.9%, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, the highest quartile of OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS were associated with 65, 55, and 77% reduced risk of NAFLD, respectively, compared with the reference population, respectively. However, all OBS were not associated with the risk of AHF. All OBS were nonlinearly associated with risk of NAFLD and had a more pronounced reduced risk for OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS after exceeding 26, 21, and 5 points, respectively. OBS may exert a protective effect indirectly through inflammation, oxidative stress, and glycolipid metabolism markers. Stratification and sensitivity analyses demonstrate the robustness of our findings. Conclusion All OBS were nonlinearly and negatively associated with NAFLD risk. These effects may exert indirectly through inflammation, oxidative stress, and glycolipid metabolism markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Feng S, Tang D, Wang Y, Li X, Bao H, Tang C, Dong X, Li X, Yang Q, Yan Y, Yin Z, Shang T, Zheng K, Huang X, Wei Z, Wang K, Qi S. The mechanism of ferroptosis and its related diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:33. [PMID: 37840106 PMCID: PMC10577123 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cellular death characterized by the iron-mediated accumulation of lipid peroxides, provides a novel avenue for delving into the intersection of cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and disease pathology. We have witnessed a mounting fascination with ferroptosis, attributed to its pivotal roles across diverse physiological and pathological conditions including developmental processes, metabolic dynamics, oncogenic pathways, neurodegenerative cascades, and traumatic tissue injuries. By unraveling the intricate underpinnings of the molecular machinery, pivotal contributors, intricate signaling conduits, and regulatory networks governing ferroptosis, researchers aim to bridge the gap between the intricacies of this unique mode of cellular death and its multifaceted implications for health and disease. In light of the rapidly advancing landscape of ferroptosis research, we present a comprehensive review aiming at the extensive implications of ferroptosis in the origins and progress of human diseases. This review concludes with a careful analysis of potential treatment approaches carefully designed to either inhibit or promote ferroptosis. Additionally, we have succinctly summarized the potential therapeutic targets and compounds that hold promise in targeting ferroptosis within various diseases. This pivotal facet underscores the burgeoning possibilities for manipulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy. In summary, this review enriched the insights of both investigators and practitioners, while fostering an elevated comprehension of ferroptosis and its latent translational utilities. By revealing the basic processes and investigating treatment possibilities, this review provides a crucial resource for scientists and medical practitioners, aiding in a deep understanding of ferroptosis and its effects in various disease situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbing Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Dong
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxue Yang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Yin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Shang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuheng Wei
- Chengdu Jinjiang Jiaxiang Foreign Languages High School, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li D, Jing J, Dong X, Zhang C, Wang J, Wan X. Activating transcription factor 3: A potential therapeutic target for inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1028. [PMID: 37773692 PMCID: PMC10515505 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a nuclear protein that is widely expressed in a variety of cells. It is a stress-inducible transcription gene and a member of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding protein (ATF/CREB) family. METHODS The comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms used were "ATF3", "ATF3 and (ALI or ARDS)", "ATF3 and COPD", "ATF3 and PF", and "ATF3 and Posttranslational modifications". RESULTS Recent studies have shown that ATF3 plays a critical role in many inflammatory pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). ATF3 participates in many signaling pathways and complex pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell proliferation. However, the role of ATF3 in current studies is controversial, and there are reports showing that ATF3 plays different roles in different pulmonary diseases. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we first summarized the structure, function, and mechanism of ATF3 in various inflammatory pulmonary diseases. The impact of ATF3 on disease pathogenesis and the clinical implications was particularly focused on, with an overall aim to identify new targets for treating inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Juanjuan Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianyao Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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Fan X, Wang R, Song Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Xue C. Effects of high-sugar, high-cholesterol, and high-fat diet on phospholipid profile of mouse tissues with a focus on the mechanism of plasmalogen synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159345. [PMID: 37268055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-sugar diet (HSD), high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and high-fat diet (HFD) all modulate the levels of lipids. However, there is a lack of comparative data on the effects of different diets on phospholipids (PLs). Given their important role in physiology and disease, there has been an increasing focus on altered PLs in liver and brain disorders. This study aims to determine the effects of HSD, HCD, and HFD for 14-week feeding on the PL profile of the mouse liver and hippocampus. Quantitative analysis of 116 and 113 PL molecular species in liver and hippocampus tissues revealed that the HSD, HCD, and HFD significantly affected the PLs in liver and hippocampus, especially decreased the levels of plasmenylethanolamine (pPE) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Overall, the impact of HFD on liver PLs was more significant, consistent with the morphological changes in the liver. Compared to HSD and HCD, HFD induced a significant decrease in PC (P-16:0/18:1) and an increase in LPE (18:0) and LPE (18:1) in liver. In the liver of mice fed with different diets, the expression of the key enzymes Gnpat, Agps in the pPE biosynthesis pathway and peroxisome-associated membrane proteins pex14p were decreased. In addition, all diets significantly reduced the expression of Gnpat, pex7p, and pex16p in hippocampus tissue. In conclusion, HSD, HCD, and HFD enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver, led to liver injury, significantly affected the liver and hippocampus PLs, and decreased the expression of genes related to plasmalogen synthesis in mouse liver and hippocampus, which caused severe plasmalogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
Significance: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are disorders of the brain and/or spinal cord and include neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor belonging to the cap-n-collar family that harbors a unique basic leucine zipper motif and plays as a master regulator of homeostatic responses. Recent Advances: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is an adaptor of the Cullin3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin E3 ligase that enhances the ubiquitylation of NRF2, which promotes the degradation of NRF2 to suppress its transcriptional activity in the absence of stress. Cysteine residues of KEAP1 are modified under stress conditions, and NRF2 degradation is attenuated, allowing it to accumulate and induce the expression of target genes. This regulatory system is referred to as the KEAP1-NRF2 system and plays a central role in protecting cells against various stresses. NRF2 also negatively regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes and suppresses pathological inflammation. As oxidative stress, inflammation, and proteostasis are known to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, the KEAP1-NRF2 system is an attractive target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, Nrf2 depletion exacerbates symptoms and enhances oxidative damage and inflammation in the CNS. In contrast, chemical or genetic NRF2 activation improves these symptoms. Indeed, the NRF2-activating chemical dimethyl fumarate is now widely used for the clinical treatment of MS. Future Directions: The KEAP1-NRF2 system is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Dinkova-Kostova AT, Copple IM. Advances and challenges in therapeutic targeting of NRF2. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:137-149. [PMID: 36628798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is emerging as an attractive therapeutic approach to counteract oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic imbalances. These processes underpin many chronic pathologies with unmet therapeutic needs, including neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases. As the NRF2 field transitions into the clinical phase of its evolution, the need for an understanding of the factors influencing NRF2 pharmacology has never been greater. In this opinion article we describe the rationale for targeting NRF2, summarise the recent advances in drug development of NRF2 modulators, and reflect on the remaining challenges in realising the full clinical potential of NRF2 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ian M Copple
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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16
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:180-200. [PMID: 36926234 PMCID: PMC10011909 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD. Molecular signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD, NAFLD, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD, from ALD/NAFLD to HCC. The selected agents such as β-sitosterol, curcumin, genistein, and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules, including AMPK, Farnesoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, PPARs, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. In addition, clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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17
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Rohbeck E, Niersmann C, Köhrer K, Wachtmeister T, Roden M, Eckel J, Romacho T. Positive allosteric GABA A receptor modulation counteracts lipotoxicity-induced gene expression changes in hepatocytes in vitro. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1106075. [PMID: 36860523 PMCID: PMC9968943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We have previously shown that the novel positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, HK4, exerts hepatoprotective effects against lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis, DNA damage, inflammation and ER stress in vitro. This might be mediated by downregulated phosphorylation of the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of HK4 on lipotoxicity-induced hepatocyte injury at the transcriptional level. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate (200 μM) in the presence or absence of HK4 (10 μM) for 7 h. Total RNA was isolated and the expression profiles of mRNAs were assessed. Differentially expressed genes were identified and subjected to the DAVID database and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software for functional and pathway analysis, all under appropriate statistical testing. Results: Transcriptomic analysis showed substantial modifications in gene expression in response to palmitate as lipotoxic stimulus with 1,457 differentially expressed genes affecting lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, oxidative and ER stress among others. HK4 preincubation resulted in the prevention of palmitate-induced dysregulation by restoring initial gene expression pattern of untreated hepatocytes comprising 456 genes. Out of the 456 genes, 342 genes were upregulated and 114 downregulated by HK4. Enriched pathways analysis of those genes by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, pointed towards oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein ubiquitination, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation as affected pathways. These pathways are regulated by the key upstream regulators TP53, KDM5B, DDX5, CAB39 L and SYVN1, which orchestrate the metabolic and oxidative stress responses including modulation of DNA repair and degradation of ER stress-induced misfolded proteins in the presence or absence of HK4. Discussion: We conclude that HK4 specifically targets mitochondrial respiration, protein ubiquitination, apoptosis and cell cycle. This not only helps to counteract lipotoxic hepatocellular injury through modification of gene expression, but - by targeting transcription factors responsible for DNA repair, cell cycle progression and ER stress - might even prevent lipotoxic mechanisms. These findings suggest that HK4 has a great potential for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rohbeck
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany,CureDiab Metabolic Research GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Niersmann
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany,CureDiab Metabolic Research GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Centre (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wachtmeister
- Biological and Medical Research Centre (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,CureDiab Metabolic Research GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Chronic Complications of Diabetes Lab (ChroCoDiL), Department of Nursing Sciences, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain,*Correspondence: Tania Romacho,
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18
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Uruno A, Yamamoto M. The KEAP1-NRF2 system and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 36734430 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are disorders of the brain and/or spinal cord and include neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor belonging to the cap-n-collar (CNC) family that harbors a unique basic leucine zipper motif and plays as a master regulator of homeostatic responses. Recent Advances: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is an adaptor of the Cullin3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin E3 ligase that enhances the ubiquitylation of NRF2, which promotes the degradation of NRF2 to suppress its transcriptional activity in the absence of stress. Cysteine residues of KEAP1 are modified under stress conditions, and NRF2 degradation is attenuated, allowing it to accumulate and induce the expression of target genes. This regulatory system is referred to as the KEAP1-NRF2 system and plays a central role in protecting cells against various stresses. NRF2 also negatively regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes and suppresses pathological inflammation. As oxidative stress, inflammation, and proteostasis are known to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, the KEAP1-NRF2 system is an attractive target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, Nrf2 depletion exacerbates symptoms and enhances oxidative damage and inflammation in the CNS. In contrast, chemical or genetic NRF2 activation improves these symptoms. Indeed, the NRF2-activating chemical dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is now widely used for the clinical treatment of MS. Future Directions: The KEAP1-NRF2 system is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- Tohoku University, 13101, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577;
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Sendai, Japan, 980-8575;
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19
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Cuadrado A, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Mann GE. Introduction to Special Issue on "Bench to bedside transition for pharmacological regulation of NRF2 in noncommunicable diseases". Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:258-260. [PMID: 36586454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE19NH, UK.
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20
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Oxidative Stress Modulation by ncRNAs and Their Emerging Role as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020262. [PMID: 36829822 PMCID: PMC9952114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are pathologies related to ectopic fat accumulation, both of which are continuously increasing in prevalence. These threats are prompting researchers to develop effective therapies for their clinical management. One of the common pathophysiological alterations that underlies both diseases is oxidative stress (OxS), which appears as a result of lipid deposition in affected tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to OxS generation are different in each disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA transcripts that do not encode proteins and function by regulating gene expression. In recent years, the involvement of ncRNAs in OxS modulation has become more recognized. This review summarizes the most recent advances regarding ncRNA-mediated regulation of OxS in atherosclerosis and NAFLD. In both diseases, ncRNAs can exert pro-oxidant or antioxidant functions by regulating gene targets and even other ncRNAs, positioning them as potential therapeutic targets. Interestingly, both diseases have common altered ncRNAs, suggesting that the same molecule can be targeted simultaneously when both diseases coexist. Finally, since some ncRNAs have already been used as therapeutic agents, their roles as potential drugs for the clinical management of atherosclerosis and NAFLD are analyzed.
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21
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Ren LL, Li XJ, Duan TT, Li ZH, Yang JZ, Zhang YM, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Transforming growth factor-β signaling: From tissue fibrosis to therapeutic opportunities. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110289. [PMID: 36455676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in the processes of wound repair or tissue regeneration after tissue damage. Fibrosis occurs in various organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney tissues, resulting in the failure of organ structural integrity and its functional impairment. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible process, but both preclinical models and clinical trials in multiorgans have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a superfamily of related growth factors. Many studies have described that activation of profibrotic TGF-β signaling promotes infiltration and/or proliferation of preexisting fibroblasts, generation of myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix deposition, and inhibition of collagenolysis, which leads to fibrosis in the pathological milieu. This review describes the effect of TGF-β signaling in fibrotic-associate lung, heart, liver, and kidney tissues, followed by a detailed discussion of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, this review also discusses therapeutic options by using natural products and chemical agents, for targeting tissue fibrosis via modulating TGF-β signaling to provide a more specific concept-driven therapy strategy for multiorgan fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13 Shiliugang Street, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Ting-Ting Duan
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zheng-Hai Li
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Yang
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Key Disciplines of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, No. 82 the Second Section of North 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Key Disciplines of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, No. 82 the Second Section of North 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
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22
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Wang Z, Yao M, Jiang L, Wang L, Yang Y, Wang Q, Qian X, Zhao Y, Qian J. Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced ferroptosis via AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113572. [PMID: 35988428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) exerts cardioprotection effect through inhibiting ferroptosis. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats in Langendorff preparation. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to determine infarct size. In the in vitro study, the model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) was established in H9c2 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), and AV/PI dual staining respectively. Lipid peroxidation as measured by the fluorescence of the fatty acid analog C11-BODIPY581/591 probe and intracellular ferrous iron levels were measured by fluorescence of Phen Green SK (PGSK) probe, whereas immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were also used to examine ferroptosis. Protein levels were investigated by Western blot. The interactions of AMPK/GSK-3β signaling with Nrf2 were also assessed through AMPK inhibition and GSK-3β overexpression. Our findings indicated that Dex significantly alleviated myocardial infarction, improved heart function, and decreased HR-induced accumulation of Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocytes. Dex significantly increased the expression levels of Nrf2, SLC7A11, and GPX4. However, inhibition of Nrf2 by ML385 blunted the protective effect of Dex in HR-treated H9c2 cells. Inhibition of AMPK with a specific inhibitor or siRNA decreased the expression levels of phosphorylation of GSK-3β and Nrf2 induced by Dex. Overexpression of GSK-3β resulted in lower levels of nuclear Nrf2, whereas depression of GSK-3β enhanced expressions of nuclear Nrf2. In conclusion, Dex protects hearts against MIRI-induced ferroptosis via activation of Nrf2 through AMPK/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengran Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Leyu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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23
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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