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Herder C, Saito Y, Spagnuolo MC, Maalmi H, Shimizu M, Bönhof GJ, Suzuki K, Rathmann W, Peters A, Roden M, Ziegler D, Thorand B, Takamura T. Differential associations between selenoprotein P and distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy in people with and without diabetes: KORA F4/FF4 study. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:87-95. [PMID: 39059514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a risk factor for distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Selenoprotein P is a protein with antioxidant properties but has not been investigated in the context of DSPN. This study aimed to assess the associations between selenoprotein P and DSPN in people without and with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were based on 1053 (including 217 with T2D) and 513 participants (including 79 with T2D), respectively, aged 61-82 years from the population-based KORA F4 survey. DSPN at baseline (KORA F4) and in the follow-up survey KORA FF4 was defined based on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Serum levels of full-length selenoprotein P were quantified by ELISA. Associations between selenoprotein P and prevalent or incident DSPN were estimated using logistic regression analysis adjusting for multiple confounders. RESULTS Selenoprotein P levels were not associated with prevalent DSPN in the total sample. However, there was a significant interaction by diabetes status. Higher levels of selenoprotein P were associated with lower odds of prevalent DSPN in individuals without T2D (fully adjusted model: OR 0.825 [95 % CI 0.682, 0.998], p = 0.0476), but not in those with T2D (OR [95 % CI] 1.098 [0.829, 1.454], p = 0.5132; pinteraction = 0.0488). Selenoprotein P levels were not associated with incident DSPN over a follow-up of 6.5 years. CONCLUSION In individuals without T2D from the older general population, lower selenoprotein P levels were associated with a higher prevalence of DSPN. Whether the antioxidant properties of selenoprotein P are responsible for the observed associations remains to be elucidated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Maria C Spagnuolo
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifa Maalmi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Misaki Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gidon J Bönhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Neuherberg, 85764, München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Neuherberg, 85764, München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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Perri G, Mathers JC, Martin-Ruiz C, Parker C, Demircan K, Chillon TS, Schomburg L, Robinson L, Stevenson EJ, Shannon OM, Muniz-Terrera G, Sniehotta FF, Ritchie CW, Adamson A, Burns A, Minihane AM, Walsh J, Hill TR. The association between selenium status and global and attention specific cognition in very old adults in The Newcastle 85+ Study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00735-4. [PMID: 39270936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium has potential safeguarding properties against cognitive decline, due to its role in protecting DNA, proteins, and lipids in the brain from oxidative damage. However, acute and chronic overexposure to selenium can be neurotoxic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to explore the association between selenium status (serum selenium and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) activity) and cognitive function in 85-year-olds living in Northeast England at baseline and up to 5 years of follow-up. METHODS Global cognitive performance was assessed in 755 participants from the Newcastle 85+ study using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) and attention-specific cognition was assessed using composite scores derived from the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) System. Serum selenium, SELENOP and GPx3 activity were measured at baseline by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), ELISA and coupled-enzyme reaction, respectively. Regression analyses explored linear and non-linear associations between continuous values and tertiles of selenium status biomarkers, respectively, and cognitive function at baseline. Generalized linear mixed models explored associations between continuous values and tertiles of selenium status biomarkers, and global cognitive decline over 5 years, and attention-specific cognitive decline over 3 years. RESULTS Over 3 and 5 years, none of the selenium biomarkers were associated with the rate of cognitive decline. At baseline, in fully adjusted models, higher serum selenium was non-linearly associated with global cognition (β 0.05±0.01, P=0.387 linear, β 0.04±0.01, P=0.002 non-linear). SELENOP and GPx3 activity were not associated with any cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There were no associations between selenium status and cognitive decline. However, serum selenium, but not SELENOP or GPx3 activity, was positively associated non-linearly with global cognition at baseline. Furthermore, these associations were not evident during follow-up, potentially due to residual confounding and reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perri
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Craig Parker
- BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Thilo S Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Louise Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio, USA, OH 45701; Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Ashley Adamson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alistair Burns
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Walsh
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Tom R Hill
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Bai YZ, Zhang Y, Zhang SQ. New horizons for the role of selenium on cognitive function: advances and challenges. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:1255-1268. [PMID: 38963634 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits associated with oxidative stress and the dysfunction of the central nervous system are present in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Selenium (Se), an essential microelement, exhibits cognition-associated functions through selenoproteins mainly owing to its antioxidant property. Due to the disproportionate distribution of Se in the soil, the amount of Se varies greatly in various foods, resulting in a large proportion of people with Se deficiency worldwide. Numerous cell and animal experiments demonstrate Se deficiency-induced cognitive deficits and Se supplementation-improved cognitive performances. However, human studies yield inconsistent results and the mechanism of Se in cognition still remains elusive, which hinder the further exploration of Se in human cognition. To address the urgent issue, the review summarizes Se-contained foods (plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and Se supplements), brain selenoproteins, mechanisms of Se in cognition (improvement of synaptic plasticity, regulation of Zn2+ level, inhibition of ferroptosis, modulation of autophagy and de novo synthesis of L-serine), and effects of Se on cognitive deficits, as well as consequently sheds light on great potentials of Se in the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Bai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 East Yinghua Road, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Mohr P, Hanna C, Powell A, Penman S, Blum K, Sharafshah A, Lewandrowski KU, Badgaiyan RD, Bowirrat A, Pinhasov A, Thanos PK. Selenoprotein P in a Rodent Model of Exercise; Theorizing Its Interaction with Brain Reward Dysregulation, Addictive Behavior, and Aging. J Pers Med 2024; 14:489. [PMID: 38793071 PMCID: PMC11122084 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise promotes health and wellness, including its operation as a protective factor against a variety of psychological, neurological, and chronic diseases. Selenium and its biomarker, selenoprotein P (SEPP1), have been implicated in health, including cancer prevention, neurological function, and dopamine signaling. SEPP1 blood serum levels were compared with a one-way ANOVA between sedentary (SED), moderately exercised (MOD) [10 m/min starting at 10 min, increasing to 60 min], and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercised rats [30 min in intervals of 2-min followed by a 1-min break, speed progressively increased from 10 to 21 m/min]. HIIT rats showed significantly higher serum SEPP1 concentrations compared to MOD and SED. More specifically, HIIT exercise showed an 84% increase in SEPP1 levels compared to sedentary controls. MOD rats had greater serum SEPP1 concentrations compared to SED, a 33% increase. The results indicated that increased exercise intensity increases SEPP1 levels. Exercise-induced increases in SEPP1 may indicate an adaptive response to the heightened oxidative stress. Previous studies found a significant increase in dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding in these same rats, suggesting a potential association between SEPP1 and dopamine signaling during exercise. Modulating antioxidants like SEPP1 through personalized therapies, including exercise, has broad implications for health, disease, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mohr
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203-1014, USA
| | - Colin Hanna
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203-1014, USA
| | - Aidan Powell
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203-1014, USA
| | - Samantha Penman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203-1014, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise, and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 8813833435, Iran
| | - Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universitaria Sanitas, Fundación, Bogotá P.O. Box 011, Colombia
| | | | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203-1014, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-4110, USA
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Qi Z, Duan A, Ng K. Selenosugar, selenopolysaccharide, and putative selenoflavonoid in plants. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13329. [PMID: 38551194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring essential micronutrient that is required for human health. Selenium supports cellular antioxidant defense and possesses bioeffects such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and cardiovascular and liver protective effects arising from Se-enhanced cellular antioxidant activity. Past studies on Se have focused on elucidating Se speciation in foods, biofortification strategies to produce Se-enriched foods to address Se deficiency in the population, and the biochemical activities of Se in health. The bioavailability and toxicity of Se are closely correlated to its chemical forms and may exhibit varying effects on body physiology. Selenium exists in inorganic and organic forms, in which inorganic Se such as sodium selenite and sodium selenate is more widely available. However, it is a challenge for safe and effective supplementation considering inorganic Se low bioavailability and high cytotoxicity. Organic Se, by contrast, exhibits higher bioavailability and lower toxicity and has a more diverse composition and structure. Organic Se exists as selenoamino acids and selenoproteins, but recent research has provided evidence that it also exists as selenosugars, selenopolysaccharides, and possibly as selenoflavonoids. Different food categories contain various Se compounds, and their Se profiles vary significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to delineate Se speciation in foods to understand their impact on health. This comprehensive review documents our knowledge of the recent uncovering of the existence of selenosugars and selenopolysaccharides and the putative evidence for selenoflavonoids. The bioavailability and bioactivities of these food-derived organic Se compounds are highlighted, in addition to their composition, structural features, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Qi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Duan
- Melbourne TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Lan L, Feng Z, Liu X, Zhang B. The roles of essential trace elements in T cell biology. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18390. [PMID: 38801402 PMCID: PMC11129730 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity to regulate proper immune response and immune homeostasis. T cell development occurs in the thymus and mainly differentiates into CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon stimulation, naive T cells differentiate into distinct CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which mediate immunity homeostasis and defend against pathogens or tumours. Trace elements are minimal yet essential components of human body that cannot be overlooked, and they participate in enzyme activation, DNA synthesis, antioxidant defence, hormone production, etc. Moreover, trace elements are particularly involved in immune regulations. Here, we have summarized the roles of eight essential trace elements (iron, zinc, selenium, copper, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt) in T cell development, activation and differentiation, and immune response, which provides significant insights into developing novel approaches to modulate immunoregulation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Lan
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anChina
- Clinical Teaching and Research Center, School of NursingWeinan vocational and technical collegeWeinanChina
| | - Zhao Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anChina
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'anShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Ralston NVC, Raymond LJ, Gilman CL, Soon R, Seale LA, Berry MJ. Maternal seafood consumption is associated with improved selenium status: Implications for child health. Neurotoxicology 2024; 101:26-35. [PMID: 38272071 PMCID: PMC10978253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is required for synthesis of selenocysteine (Sec), an amino acid expressed in the active sites of Se-dependent enzymes (selenoenzymes), including forms with essential functions in fetal development, brain activities, thyroid hormone metabolism, calcium regulation, and to prevent or reverse oxidative damage. Homeostatic mechanisms normally ensure the brain is preferentially supplied with Se to maintain selenoenzymes, but high methylmercury (CH3Hg) exposures irreversibly inhibit their activities and impair Sec synthesis. Due to Hg's high affinity for sulfur, CH3Hg initially binds with the cysteine (Cys) moieties of thiomolecules which are selenoenzyme substrates. These CH3Hg-Cys adducts enter selenoenzyme active sites and transfer CH3Hg to Sec, thus irreversibly inhibiting their activities. High CH3Hg exposures are uniquely able to induce a conditioned Se-deficiency that impairs synthesis of brain selenoenzymes. Since the fetal brain lacks Se reserves, it is far more vulnerable to CH3Hg exposures than adult brains. This prompted concerns that maternal exposures to CH3Hg present in seafood might impair child neurodevelopment. However, typical varieties of ocean fish contain far more Se than CH3Hg. Therefore, eating them should augment Se-status and thus prevent Hg-dependent loss of fetal selenoenzyme activities. To assess this hypothesis, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue samples were collected following delivery of a cohort of 100 babies born on Oahu, Hawaii. Dietary food frequency surveys of the mother's last month of pregnancy identified groups with no (0 g/wk), low (0-12 g/wk), or high (12 + g/wk) levels of ocean fish consumption. Maternal seafood consumption increased Hg contents in fetal tissues and resulted in ∼34% of cord blood samples exceeding the EPA Hg reference level of 5.8 ppb (0.029 µM). However, Se concentrations in these tissues were orders of magnitude higher and ocean fish consumption caused cord blood Se to increase ∼9.4 times faster than Hg. Therefore, this study supports the hypothesis that maternal consumption of typical varieties of ocean fish provides substantial amounts of Se that protect against Hg-dependent losses in Se bioavailability. Recognizing the pivotal nature of the Hg:Se relationship provides a consilient perspective of seafood benefits vs. risks and clarifies the reasons for the contrasting findings of certain early studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura J Raymond
- Sage Green Nutrition Research Guidance, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Christy L Gilman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Reni Soon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Lucia A Seale
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Marla J Berry
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Fei Y, Li T, Wu R, Xu X, Hu S, Yang Y, Jin C, Tang W, Zhang X, Du Q, Liu C. Se-(Methyl)-selenocysteine ameliorates blood-brain barrier disruption of focal cerebral ischemia mice via ferroptosis inhibition and tight junction upregulation in an Akt/GSK3β-dependent manner. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:379-399. [PMID: 38019326 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke still ranks as the most fatal disease worldwide. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a promising therapeutic target for protection. Brain microvascular endothelial cell is a core component of BBB, the barrier function maintenance of which can ameliorate ischemic injury and improve neurological deficit. Se-methyl L-selenocysteine (SeMC) has been shown to exert cardiovascular protection. However, the protection of SeMC against ischemic stroke remains to be elucidated. This research was designed to explore the protection of SeMC from the perspective of BBB protection. METHODS To simulate cerebral ischemic injury, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R), and bEnd.3 was exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). After the intervention of SeMC, the barrier function and the expression of tight junction and ferroptosis-associated proteins were determined. For mechanism exploration, LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) was introduced both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS SeMC lessened the brain infarct volume and attenuated the leakage of BBB in mice. In vitro, SeMC improved cell viability and maintained the barrier function of bEnd.3 cells. The protection of SeMC was accompanied with ferroptosis inhibition and tight junction protein upregulation. Mechanism studies revealed that the effect of SeMC was reversed by LY294002, indicating that the protection of SeMC against ischemic stroke was mediated by the Akt signal pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggested that SeMC exerted protection against ischemic stroke, which might be attributed to activating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway and increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and β-catenin, subsequently maintaining the integrity of BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Wu
- Jinling High School, 169 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Jin
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianming Du
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, People's Republic of China.
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Li J, Li H, Ullah A, Yao S, Lyu Q, Kou G. Causal Effect of Selenium Levels on Osteoporosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5065. [PMID: 38140324 PMCID: PMC10746097 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated equivocal associations between selenium (Se) concentrations and osteoporosis (OP), yielding inconclusive findings. The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential correlation between Se levels and the risk of OP by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) study design. The genetic variants related to Se levels were obtained from a meta-analysis of a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) conducted on toenail Se levels (n = 4162) and blood Se levels (n = 5477). The data summary for OP and bone mineral density (BMD) was obtained by utilizing the GWAS database. To examine the association between Se levels and BMD and OP, we employed three statistical methods: inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger. The reliability of the analysis was verified by sensitivity testing. All three methods of MR analysis revealed that Se levels had no effect on OP risk. In addition, the sensitivity analysis revealed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy, and the significance of the overall effect remained unaffected by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as determined by the leave-one-out analysis, indicating that our findings are relatively reliable. The results of our study indicate that there is no causal association between Se levels and the risk of OP. However, additional investigation is necessary to ascertain whether there is a potential association between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Li
- Centre for Nutritional Ecology and Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong Li
- Centre for Nutritional Ecology and Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuyuan Yao
- Centre for Nutritional Ecology and Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangning Kou
- Centre for Nutritional Ecology and Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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10
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Chen Z, Lu Y, Dun X, Wang X, Wang H. Research Progress of Selenium-Enriched Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:4189. [PMID: 37836473 PMCID: PMC10574215 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. Selenium deficiency is seriously associated with various diseases such as Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, cataracts, and others. Conversely, selenium supplementation has been found to have multiple effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer functions. Compared with inorganic selenium, organic selenium exhibits higher bioactivities and a wider range of safe concentrations. Consequently, there has been a significant development of selenium-enriched foods which contain large amounts of organic selenium in order to improve human health. This review summarizes the physiological role and metabolism of selenium, the development of selenium-enriched foods, the physiological functions of selenium-enriched foods, and provides an analysis of total selenium and its species in selenium-enriched foods, with a view to laying the foundation for selenium-enriched food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenna Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | | | | | | | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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11
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Kanara I, Kodukula K, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG. Epilepsy: Mitochondrial connections to the 'Sacred' disease. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:84-101. [PMID: 37582467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Over 65 million people suffer from recurrent, unprovoked seizures. The lack of validated biomarkers specific for myriad forms of epilepsy makes diagnosis challenging. Diagnosis and monitoring of childhood epilepsy add to the need for non-invasive biomarkers, especially when evaluating antiseizure medications. Although underlying mechanisms of epileptogenesis are not fully understood, evidence for mitochondrial involvement is substantial. Seizures affect 35%-60% of patients diagnosed with mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is pathophysiological in various epilepsies, including those of non-mitochondrial origin. Decreased ATP production caused by malfunctioning brain cell mitochondria leads to altered neuronal bioenergetics, metabolism and neurological complications, including seizures. Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation initiates ferroptosis, a cell death pathway that aligns with altered mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism and morphology found in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Studies in mouse genetic models with seizure phenotypes where the function of an essential selenoprotein (GPX4) is targeted suggest roles for ferroptosis in epilepsy. GPX4 is pivotal in NDDs, where selenium protects interneurons from ferroptosis. Selenium is an essential central nervous system micronutrient and trace element. Low serum concentrations of selenium and other trace elements and minerals, including iron, are noted in diagnosing childhood epilepsy. Selenium supplements alleviate intractable seizures in children with reduced GPX activity. Copper and cuproptosis, like iron and ferroptosis, link to mitochondria and NDDs. Connecting these mechanistic pathways to selenoproteins provides new insights into treating seizures, pointing to using medicines including prodrugs of lipoic acid to treat epilepsy and to potential alternative therapeutic approaches including transcranial magnetic stimulation (transcranial), photobiomodulation and vagus nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Whitney R Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, MA, USA
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Vinceti M, Urbano T, Chiari A, Filippini T, Wise LA, Tondelli M, Michalke B, Shimizu M, Saito Y. Selenoprotein P concentrations and risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8792. [PMID: 37258587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing literature investigating the effects of selenium on the central nervous system and cognitive function. However, little is known about the role of selenoprotein P, the main selenium transporter, which can also have adverse biological effects. We conducted a prospective cohort study of individuals aged 42-81 years who received a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Using sandwich ELISA methods, we measured full-length selenoprotein P concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to assess the relation with dementia incidence during a median follow-up of 47.3 months. We used Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic splines to model such relation. Of the 54 participants, 35 developed dementia during follow-up (including 26 cases of Alzheimer's dementia). Selenoprotein P concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were highly correlated, and in spline regression analyses they each showed a positive non-linear association with dementia risk, particularly after excluding dementia cases diagnosed within 24 months of follow-up. We also observed differences in association according to the dementia subtypes considered. Risk ratios of dementia peaked at 2-6 at the highest levels of selenoprotein P, when compared to its median level, also depending on matrix, analytical methodology and dementia subtype. Findings of this study, the first to assess selenoprotein P levels in the central nervous system in vivo and the first to use a prospective study design to evaluate associations with dementia, suggest that higher circulating concentrations of selenoprotein P, both in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, predict progression of MCI to dementia. However, further confirmation of these findings is required, given the limited statistical precision of the associations and the potential for residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Teresa Urbano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuela Tondelli
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Misaki Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Toh P, Seale LA, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Prolonged maternal exposure to glucocorticoids alters selenoprotein expression in the developing brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1115993. [PMID: 37033382 PMCID: PMC10080067 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the stress-response system in early life can alter neurodevelopment and cause long-term neurological changes. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis releases glucocorticoids into the bloodstream, to help the organism adapt to the stressful stimulus. Elevated glucocorticoid levels can promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. The essential trace element selenium is obtained through diet, is used to synthesize antioxidant selenoproteins, and can mitigate glucocorticoid-mediated oxidative damage. Glucocorticoids can impair antioxidant enzymes in the brain, and could potentially influence selenoprotein expression. We hypothesized that exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids would disrupt selenoprotein expression in the developing brain. C57 wild-type dams of recently birthed litters were fed either a moderate (0.25 ppm) or high (1 ppm) selenium diet and administered corticosterone (75 μg/ml) via drinking water during postnatal days 1 to 15, after which the brains of the offspring were collected for western blot analysis. Glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 levels were increased by maternal corticosterone exposure within the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of offspring. Additionally, levels of the glucocorticoid receptor were decreased in the hippocampus and selenoprotein W was elevated in the hypothalamus by corticosterone. Maternal consumption of a high selenium diet independently decreased glucocorticoid receptor levels in the hippocampus of offspring of both sexes, as well as in the prefrontal cortex of female offspring. This study demonstrates that early life exposure to excess glucocorticoid levels can alter selenoprotein levels in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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14
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Mendelian randomization investigation highlights different roles of selenium status in mental disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110694. [PMID: 36521586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested a relationship between selenium status and mental disorders (MDs). However, it remains unclear whether selenium status was causally associated with MDs. Thus, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to investigate the causal effects of selenium levels on seven MDs, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), anorexia nervosa (AN), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and panic disorder (PD). Strong genetic instruments of blood selenium (n = 9) and blood-toenail selenium (n = 12) were applied to the above seven MDs GWAS datasets from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, which were further replicated in the FinnGen Biobank. The inverse-variance weighted method was employed to calculate the causal effects. The results showed that genetically predicted blood selenium levels were associated with a decreased risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87-0.95) and AN (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97). However, both blood and blood-toenail selenium levels were linked to an increased risk of MDD (blood: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12; blood-toenail: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13) and ASD (blood: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.17; blood-toenail: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21), respectively. No obvious associations were found between selenium levels and BD as well as ADHD. Our findings highlighted a protective role of selenium in SZ and AN, while a risk effect in MDD and ASD. Further studies are required to verify the underlying mechanism mediating the unequal effects of Se on different MDs, which will pave a new path for the intervention of MDs.
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15
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An KJ, Hanato AN, Hui KW, Pitts MW, Seale LA, Nicholson JL, Toh P, Kim JK, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Selenium Protects Mouse Hypothalamic Cells from Glucocorticoid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Vulnerability and Insulin Signaling Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:526. [PMID: 36830084 PMCID: PMC9952756 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of glucocorticoid medications is known to cause metabolic side effects such as overeating, excess weight gain, and insulin resistance. The hypothalamus, a central regulator of feeding behavior and energy expenditure, is highly responsive to glucocorticoids, and it has been proposed that it plays a role in glucocorticoid-induced metabolic defects. Glucocorticoids can alter the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence indicates that selenium can counter the effects of glucocorticoids, and selenium is critical for proper hypothalamic function. This study sought to determine whether selenium is capable of protecting hypothalamic cells from dysfunction caused by glucocorticoid exposure. We treated mHypoE-44 mouse hypothalamic cells with corticosterone to study the effects on cellular physiology and the involvement of selenium. We found that corticosterone administration rendered cells more vulnerable to endoplasmic reticulum stress and the subsequent impairment of insulin signaling. Supplementing the cell culture media with additional selenium alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoted insulin signaling. These findings implicate a protective role of selenium against chronic glucocorticoid-induced hypothalamic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn J. An
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Ashley N. Hanato
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Katherine W. Hui
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Matthew W. Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Lucia A. Seale
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica L. Nicholson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Pamela Toh
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Marla J. Berry
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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16
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Toh P, Nicholson JL, Vetter AM, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Selenium in Bodily Homeostasis: Hypothalamus, Hormones, and Highways of Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15445. [PMID: 36499772 PMCID: PMC9739294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the body to maintain homeostasis requires constant communication between the brain and peripheral tissues. Different organs produce signals, often in the form of hormones, which are detected by the hypothalamus. In response, the hypothalamus alters its regulation of bodily processes, which is achieved through its own pathways of hormonal communication. The generation and transmission of the molecules involved in these bi-directional axes can be affected by redox balance. The essential trace element selenium is known to influence numerous physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, through its various redox functions. Selenium must be obtained through the diet and is used to synthesize selenoproteins, a family of proteins with mainly antioxidant functions. Alterations in selenium status have been correlated with homeostatic disturbances in humans and studies with animal models of selenoprotein dysfunction indicate a strong influence on energy balance. The relationship between selenium and energy metabolism is complicated, however, as selenium has been shown to participate in multiple levels of homeostatic communication. This review discusses the role of selenium in the various pathways of communication between the body and the brain that are essential for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Toh
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica L. Nicholson
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Vetter
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marla J. Berry
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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