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Ahmmed MK, Bhowmik S, Ahmmed F, Giteru SG, Islam SS, Hachem M, Hussain MA, Kanwugu ON, Agyei D, Defoirdt T. Utilisation of probiotics for disease management in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): Administration methods, antagonistic effects and immune response. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1321-1336. [PMID: 37658593 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a high-yielding prawn variety well-received worldwide due to its ability to adapt to freshwater culture systems. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an alternative to shrimp typically obtained from marine and brackish aquaculture systems. However, the use of intensive culture systems can lead to disease outbreaks, particularly in larval and post-larval stages, caused by pathogenic agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts and protozoans. White tail disease (viral), white spot syndrome (viral) and bacterial necrosis are examples of economically significant diseases. Given the increasing antibiotic resistance of disease-causing microorganisms, probiotics have emerged as promising alternatives for disease control. Probiotics are live active microbes that are introduced into a target host in an adequate number or dose to promote its health. In the present paper, we first discuss the diseases that occur in M. rosenbergii production, followed by an in-depth discussion on probiotics. We elaborate on the common methods of probiotics administration and explain the beneficial health effects of probiotics as immunity enhancers. Moreover, we discuss the antagonistic effects of probiotics on pathogenic microorganisms. Altogether, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of disease control in M. rosenbergii aquaculture through the use of probiotics, which could enhance the sustainability of prawn culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shuva Bhowmik
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen G Giteru
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Alliance Group Limited, Invercargill, New Zealand
| | - Shikder Saiful Islam
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Md Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology and School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osman N Kanwugu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Butt UD, Lin N, Akhter N, Siddiqui T, Li S, Wu B. Overview of the latest developments in the role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in shrimp aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:263-281. [PMID: 33971259 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the growing world population, the demand for food has increased, leading to excessive and intensive breeding and cultivation of fisheries, simultaneously exacerbating the risk of disease. Recently, shrimp producers have faced major losses of stocks due to the prevalence of periodical diseases and inappropriate use of antibiotics for disease prevention and treatment, leading to bacterial resistance in shrimp, along with imposing health hazards on human consumers. Strict regulations have been placed to ban or reduce the use of prophylactic antibiotics to lessen their detrimental effects on aquatic life. Dietary and water supplements have been used as substitutes, among which probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been the most beneficial for controlling or treating bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in shrimp. The present analysis addresses the issues and current progress in the administration of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics as disease controlling agents in the field of shrimp farming. Furthermore, the benefits of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics and their mechanism of action have been identified such as; strengthening of immune responses, growth of antibacterial agents, alteration in gut microflora, competition for nutrients and binding sites, and enzymes related activities. Overall, this study aims to depict the antagonistic action of these supplements against a variety of pathogens and their mode of action to counter diseases and benefit shrimp species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Lin
- Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Najeeb Akhter
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Tooba Siddiqui
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Sihui Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
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Fernandes S, Kerkar S, D'Costa A, Costa M, Mishra A, Shyama SK, Das KR. Immuno-stimulatory effect and toxicology studies of salt pan bacteria as probiotics to combat shrimp diseases in aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 113:69-78. [PMID: 33798719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The shrimp aquaculture industry has experienced serious economic losses due to diseases caused by Vibrio species. The application of antibiotics to combat diseases has led to environmental hazards, antibiotic-resistance in pathogens and accumulation of antibiotics in tissues. This study explores the use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics. A probiotic consortium SFSK4 (comprising salt pan bacteria Bacillus licheniformis TSK71, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SK27, Bacillus subtilis SK07, Pseudomonas sp. ABSK55) was used as a water additive during shrimp culture. It significantly increased shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) immunity i.e. total hemocyte count, phagocytosis, total plasma protein, respiratory burst and bactericidal activity as compared to the control. It also stimulated the phenoloxidase activity by two-fold. Proteomic analysis revealed the differential expression of 50 immune proteins (39 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) in SFSK4 treated shrimps. Four major immune modulation proteins viz. Caspase2, GTPase activating protein, Hemocyanin and Glucan pattern-recognition lipoprotein involved in cell mediated immune response were identified in SFSK4 treated shrimp hemolymph. SFSK4 decreased shrimp mortality by more than 50% against pathogens. Toxicology studies revealed that administration of the highest dose of probiotic (1012 CFU/mL) showed no adverse effect on shrimp survival (LC50 analysis) and neither exhibited cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity study confirmed that the probiotic did not cause DNA damage in shrimps. The findings suggest that the probiotic SFSK4 is an eco-friendly water additive to enhance shrimp immunity against diseases in aquaculture, which could help curtail environmental hazards as an effective alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fernandes
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Savita Kerkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Avelyno D'Costa
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Moreska Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Soorambail K Shyama
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Kirti Ranjan Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
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Panigrahi A, Das RR, Sivakumar MR, Saravanan A, Saranya C, Sudheer NS, Kumaraguru Vasagam KP, Mahalakshmi P, Kannappan S, Gopikrishna G. Bio-augmentation of heterotrophic bacteria in biofloc system improves growth, survival, and immunity of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:477-487. [PMID: 31945485 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect of bio-augmentation of Bacillus spp in biofloc on growth, survival and immunity in Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus was evaluated. Nine Bacillus strains were isolated and screened individually as well as in the form of a consortia. To maintain a C:N ratio of 12:1 a blend of carbohydrate sources was used. Bio-augmentation with bacterial consortium and Virgibacillus sp. produced improved growth and immunity. Shrimp survival ranged from 80 to 95% among treatments. Production was higher (35%) in the biofloc tanks with an average body weight (ABW) of 10.89 ± 1.2 g. On evaluating the immune responses, it was found that trypsin significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced Prophenoloxidase (PO) activity in Lysinibacillus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis bio-augmented groups. Laminarin induced PO activity was observed in groups supplemented with Oceanobacillus sp., Bacillus sp.and Bacillus megaterium. The lysozyme (LZ) activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in B. cereus and Microbial Consortia (MC), while other treatments were less effective. Total hemocyte count (THC) significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all treatment groups compared to the control. Hyaline hemocyte (HH) count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control group (14.43%). Semi granular hemocytes (SGH) was higher in groups treated with Lysinibacillus, Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The granular hemocyte (GH) count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Virgibacillus sp., B. cereus, B.megaterium and Oceanobacillus sp. The biofloc alone (BF), treated and augmented with B. megaterium significantly (P < 0.05) increased phagocytic activity. Highly significant phagocytic index (PI) was observed in bio-augmented groups, BF and MC. The relative expression levels of immune genes were found to be significantly up-regulated in shrimps grown in bio-augmented groups. Enhanced immunological parameters implies that bio-augmentation of biofloc with Bacillus spp. improved immunity in shrimps. Hence, bio-augmentation of probiotics in biofloc may be useful in improving culture conditions to produce P. indicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India.
| | - R R Das
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - M R Sivakumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - A Saravanan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - C Saranya
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - N S Sudheer
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - K P Kumaraguru Vasagam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - P Mahalakshmi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - S Kannappan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - G Gopikrishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600 028, India
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Ramírez C, Romero J. The Microbiome of Seriola lalandi of Wild and Aquaculture Origin Reveals Differences in Composition and Potential Function. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1844. [PMID: 29018423 PMCID: PMC5622978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seriola lalandi is an economically important species that is globally distributed in temperate and subtropical marine waters. Aquaculture production of this species has had problems associated with intensive fish farming, such as disease outbreaks or nutritional deficiencies causing high mortalities. Intestinal microbiota has been involved in many processes that benefit the host, such as disease control, stimulation of the immune response, and the promotion of nutrient metabolism, among others. However, little is known about the potential functionality of the microbiota and the differences in the composition between wild and aquacultured fish. Here, we assayed the V4-region of the 16S rRNA gene using high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that there are significant differences between S. lalandi of wild and aquaculture origin (ANOSIM and PERMANOVA, P < 0.05). At the genus level, a total of 13 genera were differentially represented between the two groups, all of which have been described as beneficial microorganisms that have an antagonistic effect against pathogenic bacteria, improve immunological parameters and growth performance, and contribute to nutrition. Additionally, the changes in the presumptive functions of the intestinal microbiota of yellowtail were examined by predicting the metagenomes using PICRUSt. The most abundant functional categories were those corresponding to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, revealing differences in the contribution of the microbiota depending on the origin of the animals. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize and compare the intestinal microbiota of S. lalandi of wild and aquaculture origin using high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Universidad Católica del Norte, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramírez C, Romero J. Fine Flounder ( Paralichthys adspersus) Microbiome Showed Important Differences between Wild and Reared Specimens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:271. [PMID: 28286497 PMCID: PMC5324718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is involved in a wide range of biological processes that benefit the host, including providing nutrition and modulating the immune system. Fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) is a flatfish of commercial interest that is native to the Chilean coast. The high value of this flatfish has prompted the development of stock enhancement and aquaculture activities. Knowledge of microbiota may help to improve the cultivation of this species; however, few comparative studies have evaluated the intestinal microbiota composition in farmed versus wild fishes. Intestinal contents from wild and aquaculture fish were collected, and DNA was extracted. Subsequently, the V3-region of 16S rRNA was PCR amplified and sequenced using the Ion Torrent platform. The comparison between wild and aquaculture specimens revealed important differences in the composition of the microbiota. The most abundant phylum in wild flounder was Proteobacteria, with an average relative abundance of 68.1 ± 15.4%; in contrast, in aquaculture flounder, this phylum had an average relative abundance of 30.8 ± 24.1%. Reciprocally, the most abundant phylum in flounder aquaculture was Firmicutes, averaging 61.2 ± 28.4%; in contrast, this phylum showed low abundance in wild flounder, in which it averaged 4.7 ± 4%. The phylum Actinobacteria showed greater abundance in wild flounder, ranging from 21.7 ± 18.8%, whereas, it averaged only 2.7 ± 3.8% in aquaculture fish. Specific taxa that were differentially distributed between wild and aquaculture flounder were identified using a statistical approach. At the genus level, a total of four genera were differentially represented between the two conditions. Bacillus and Pseudomonas were more highly represented in aquaculture flounder, whereas Arthrobacter and Psychrobacter were observed in wild flounder. Furthermore, in both cases, predicted functions (metabolic pathways) indicated that those microbiota might provide beneficial effects for the host, but wild flounder showed more noteworthy pathways (EPA/DHA, SCFA, biotin). Our results highlight the differences in the microbiota composition between wild and reared fish. Knowing the composition of the intestinal microbiota of P. adspersus is the first step toward exploring the proper management of this species, as well as toward the development of probiotics and functional foods based on their requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ramírez
- Unidad de Alimentos, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Unidad de Alimentos, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Advances, challenges, and directions in shrimp disease control: the guidelines from an ecological perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6947-54. [PMID: 27333908 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High-density aquaculture has led to increasing occurrences of diseases in shrimp. Thus, it is imperative to establish effective and quantitative strategies for preventing and predicting these diseases. Water quality indices and investigations of specific pathogen abundance provide only a qualitative evaluation of the risk of shrimp disease and can be inaccurate. To address these shortcomings, we introduced intestinal indicative assemblages as independent variables with which to quantitatively predict incidences of shrimp disease. Given the ignorance regarding the niches differences in the shrimp intestine throughout its developmental stages, the use of probiotics in aquaculture has had limited success. Therefore, we propose the exploration of effective probiotic bacteria from shrimp intestinal flora and the establishment of therapeutic strategies dependent on shrimp age. Following ecological selection principles, we hypothesize that the larval stage provides the best opportunity to establish a desired gut microbiota through preemptive colonization of the treated rearing water with known probiotics. To employ this strategy, however, substantial barriers must be overcome.
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Ibrahem MD. Evolution of probiotics in aquatic world: Potential effects, the current status in Egypt and recent prospectives. J Adv Res 2015; 6:765-91. [PMID: 26644914 PMCID: PMC4642160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the human population in addition to the massive demand for protein of animal origin forced the authorities to seek for additional sources of feed supplies. Aquaculture is the world worth coming expansion to compensate the shortage in animal protein. Feed in aquaculture plays an important role in the production cycle and exert threshold on both practical and economic aspects. Feed additive sectors are expanding day after day to achieve better growth and health for fish and shrimp and to meet the potential requirements of the culturists. Probiotic proved its successes in human and animal feeding practices and recently gained attention in aquaculture; it has beneficial effects in diseases control and competes with various environmental stressors as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. Probiotics have the privilege to manipulate the non-specific innate immunity among fishes, hence help them into resist many pathogenic agents and are actively used worldwide. The present review is an informative compilation of the probiotics, their mode of action and their useful effects on fishes. The review also highlights the status of probiotics in aquaculture of Egypt, probiotic recent prospective for the possible role of probiotics in fish external and internal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai D. Ibrahem
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
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Hai N. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:917-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.V. Hai
- Sustainable Aquatic Resources and Biotechnology; Curtin University of Technology; Bentley WA Australia
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Wu HJ, Sun LB, Li CB, Li ZZ, Zhang Z, Wen XB, Hu Z, Zhang YL, Li SK. Enhancement of the immune response and protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus by indigenous probiotic Bacillus strains in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:156-162. [PMID: 25193866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, bacterial communities of the intestine in three populations of crabs (wild crabs, pond-raised healthy crabs and diseased crabs) were probed by culture-independent methods. In this study, we examined the intestinal communities of the crabs by bacterial cultivation with a variety of media. A total of 135 bacterial strains were isolated from three populations of mud crabs. The strains were screened for antagonistic activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were then identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three strains (Bacillus subtilis DCU, Bacillus pumilus BP, Bacillus cereus HL7) with the strongest antagonistic activity were further evaluated for their probiotic characteristics. The results showed that two (BP and DCU) of them were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The probiotic effects were then tested by feeding juvenile mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) with foods supplemented with 10(5) CFU/g of BP or DCU for 30 days before being subjected to an immersion challenge with V. parahaemolyticus for 48 h. The treated crabs showed significantly higher expression levels of immune related genes (CAT, proPO and SOD) and activities of respiratory burst than that in controlled groups. Crabs treated with BP and DCU supplemented diets exhibited survival rates of 76.67% and 78.33%, respectively, whereas survival rate was 54.88% in crabs not treated with the probiotics. The data showed that indigenous mud-associated microbiota, such as DCU and BP, have potential application in controlling pathogenic Vibriosis in mud crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ling-Bin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Thai TQ, Wille M, Garcia-Gonzalez L, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P, De Schryver P. Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate content and dose of the bacterial carrier for Artemia enrichment determine the performance of giant freshwater prawn larvae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5205-15. [PMID: 24615382 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) for aquaculture animals have been shown in several studies. The strategy of applying PHB contained in a bacterial carrier has, however, hardly been considered. The effect of administering PHB-accumulated Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 containing 10 or 80 % PHB on dry weight, named A10 and A80, respectively, through the live feed Artemia was investigated on the culture performance of larvae of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Feeding larvae with Artemia nauplii enriched in a medium containing 100 and 1,000 mg L(-1) A80 significantly increased the survival with about 15 % and the development of the larvae with a larval stage index of about 1 as compared to feeding non-enriched Artemia. The survival of the larvae also significantly increased with about 35 % in case of a challenge with Vibrio harveyi. The efficiency of these treatments was equal to a control treatment of Artemia enriched in an 800 mg L(-1) PHB powder suspension, while Artemia enriched in 10 mg L(-1) A80, 100 mg L(-1) A10, and 1,000 mg L(-1) A10 did not bring similar effects. From our results, it can be concluded that PHB supplemented in a bacterial carrier (i.e., amorphous PHB) can increase the larviculture efficiency of giant freshwater prawn similar to supplementation of PHB in powdered form (i.e., crystalline PHB). When the level of PHB in the bacterial carrier is high, similar beneficial effects can be achieved as crystalline PHB, but at a lower live food enrichment concentration expressed on PHB basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Quoc Thai
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Antivibrio compounds produced by Pseudomonas sp. W3: characterisation and assessment of their safety to shrimps. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lazado CC, Caipang CMA, Rajan B, Brinchmann MF, Kiron V. Characterization of GP21 and GP12: Two Potential Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Atlantic Cod. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2010; 2:126-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-010-9041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fagutao FF, Yasuike M, Santos MD, Ruangpan L, Sangrunggruang K, Tassanakajon A, Takahashi Y, Ueno R, Kondo H, Hirono I, Aoki T. Differential gene expression in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, following administration of oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:1088-1092. [PMID: 19497335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of shrimp farming systems has led to the spreading of a variety of bacterial and viral diseases that continue to plague the shrimp industry worldwide. Efforts to combat these pathogenic organisms include the use of immunostimulants, probiotics, vaccines and antibiotics. Although a few studies have already reported on the effects of various stimuli on shrimp, the effect of antibiotics, particularly on the changes in the shrimp transcriptomic profile have yet to be reported. Here we show that injecting shrimp with oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid alters the expression of genes in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, lymphoid organ. These antibiotics, especially oxylinic acid, down-regulated the expression of a few immune-related genes, most notably penaeidin, proPO, clotting protein, profilin and whey acidic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernand F Fagutao
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Ninawe
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Marine Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Swain SM, Singh C, Arul V. Inhibitory activity of probiotics Streptococcus phocae PI80 and Enterococcus faecium MC13 against Vibriosis in shrimp Penaeus monodon. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khan H, Ali Khan M, Mahmood T, Choudhary MI. Antimicrobial activities ofGloriosa superbaLinn (Colchicaceae) extracts. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:855-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701747409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar
| | - Murad Ali Khan
- PCSIR Laborites Complex, Jamrud Road Peshawar
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, 2600, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- International Centre for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Sharshar KM, Azab EA. Studies on diseased freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:2092-2100. [PMID: 19266922 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2092.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at isolation and characterization of the pathogenic bacterium from diseased freshwater prawn. The effect of the bacterial pathogen on hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeleton was also investigated. Diseased freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were collected from commercial hatchery in Behera Governorate, Egypt. The diseased prawn showed dark brown focal lesions and necrosis of appendage tips. The causative bacterial pathogen was isolated from haemolymph and hepatopancreas of the diseased prawn. Based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, in addition EPI 20E test, the isolated pathogen was characterized as Vibrio vulnificus. Histopathology, hepatopancreas showed haemocytic infiltration in the interstitial sinuses, thickening and ruptures of the basal lamina and necrosis of its tubules. Similarly, the accumulation of haemocytes in the haemocoelic space, swelling, fusion of lamellae and abnormal gill tips. Also, the cuticular layers of the exoskeleton of diseased prawn had a rough or wrinkled surface and were disrupted and separated from the epidermis. The pathogen, V. vulnificus showed different degrees of sensitivity to different antimicrobial agents. It was highly sensitive to each of the antibiotics rifadin, virbamycin, oflaxcin, garamycin, flummox and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxzole) and resistant to nalidixic acid, unasyn, velosef, claforan, negram and amoxicillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of trimethoprin/sulfamethoxzole for the studied pathogen, V. vulnificus was 0.31/5.93 microg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh M Sharshar
- Department Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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20
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Probiotics in aquaculture: importance and future perspectives. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:299-308. [PMID: 23100726 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing growth sectors in the world and Asia presently contributes about 90% to the global production. However, disease outbreaks are constraint to aquaculture production thereby affects both economic development of the country and socio-economic status of the local people in many countries of Asia-Pacifi c region. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. However, the use of such expensive chemotherapeutants for controlling diseases has been widely criticized for their negative impacts like accumulation of residues, development of drug resistance, immunosuppressants and reduced consumer preference for aqua products treated with antibiotics and traditional methods are ineffective against controlling new diseases in large aquaculture systems. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems there by to maintain the health of the cultured organisms. Use of probiotics is one of such method that is gaining importance in controlling potential pathogens. This review provides a summary of the criteria for the selection of the potential probiotics, their importance and future perspectives in aquaculture industry.
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Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture, as well as other industries, constantly requires new techniques in order to increase production yield. Modern technologies and other sciences such as biotechnology and microbiology are important tools that could lead to a higher quality and greater quantity of products. Feeding and new practices in farming usually play an important role in aquaculture, and the addition of various additives to a balanced feed formula to achieve better growth is a common practice of many fish and shrimp feed manufacturers and farmers. Probiotics, as 'bio-friendly agents' such as lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp., can be introduced into the culture environment to control and compete with pathogenic bacteria as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. In addition, probiotics are nonpathogenic and nontoxic microorganisms without undesirable side-effects when administered to aquatic organisms. These strains of bacteria have many other positive effects, which are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farzanfar
- Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran.
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