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Tian Z, Wang Z, Munawar M, Zheng J. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Protein Disulfide Isomerase Gene ( MgPDI2) from Meloidogyne graminicola. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9586. [PMID: 33339262 PMCID: PMC7767112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes rate-limiting reactions such as disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and reduction. There is some evidence that indicates that PDI is also involved in host-pathogen interactions in plants. In this study, we show that the rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, has evolved a secreted effector, MgPDI2, which is expressed in the subventral esophageal glands and up-regulated during the early parasitic stage of M. graminicola. Purified recombinant MgPDI2 functions as an insulin disulfide reductase and protects plasmid DNA from nicking. As an effector, MgPDI2 contributes to nematode parasitism. Silencing of MgPDI2 by RNA interference in the pre-parasitic second-stage juveniles (J2s) reduced M. graminicola multiplication and also increased M. graminicola mortality under H2O2 stress. In addition, an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay found that MgPDI2 caused noticeable cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. An intact C-terminal region containing the first catalytic domain (a) with an active motif (Cys-Gly-His-Cys, CGHC) and the two non-active domains (b and b') is required for cell death induction in N. benthamiana. This research may provide a promising target for the development of new strategies to combat M. graminicola infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Zehua Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Maria Munawar
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Jingwu Zheng
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.T.); (M.M.)
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Nadarajapillai K, Sellaththurai S, Liyanage DS, Yang H, Lee J. Molecular and functional explication of thioredoxin mitochondrial-like protein (Trx-2) from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and expression upon immune provocation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:495-504. [PMID: 32081809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous multifunctional protein with a characteristic WCGPC thiol-disulfide active site that is conserved through evolution. Trx plays a crucial role in the antioxidant defense system. Further, it is involved in a variety of biological functions including gene expression, apoptosis, and growth regulation. Trx exists in several forms, with the cytosolic (Trx-1) and mitochondrial (Trx-2) forms being the most predominant. In this study, the mitochondrial Trx protein (HaTrx-2), from the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) was characterized, and its molecular features and functional properties were investigated. The cDNA sequence of HaTrx-2 consists of a 519 bp ORF, and it encodes a polypeptide of 172 amino acids. This protein has a calculated molecular mass of 18.8 kDa and a calculated isoelectric point (pI) of 7.80. The highest values of identity (78.7%) and similarity (86.2%) were observed with Fundulus heteroclitus Trx-2 from the pairwise alignment results. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that HaTrx-2 is closely clustered with teleost fishes. The qPCR results showed that HaTrx-2 was prevalently expressed at various levels in all the tissues examined. The ovary showed the highest expression, followed by the brain and kidney. HaTrx-2 showed varying mRNA expression levels during the immune challenge experiment, depending on the type of tissue and the time interval. Our results confirmed the antioxidant property of HaTrx-2 by performing the MCO assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and cell viability assays. Further, an insulin disulfide reduction assay revealed the dithiol remove the enzymatic activity of HaTrx-2. Altogether these results indicate that HaTrx-2 plays indispensable roles in the regulation of oxidative stress and immune response in the seahorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Smits M, Artigaud S, Bernay B, Pichereau V, Bargelloni L, Paillard C. A proteomic study of resistance to Brown Ring disease in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:641-653. [PMID: 32044464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine mollusk aquaculture has more than doubled over the past twenty years, accounting for over 15% of total aquaculture production in 2016. Infectious disease is one of the main limiting factors to the development of mollusk aquaculture, and the difficulties inherent to combating pathogens through antibiotic therapies or disinfection have led to extensive research on host defense mechanisms and host-pathogen relationships. It has become increasingly clear that characterizing the functional profiles of response to a disease is an essential step in understanding resistance mechanisms and moving towards more effective disease control. The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is a main cultured bivalve species of economic importance which is affected by Brown Ring disease (BRD), an infection induced by the bacterium Vibrio tapetis. In this study, juvenile Manila clams were subjected to a 28-day controlled challenge with Vibrio tapetis, and visual and molecular diagnoses were carried out to distinguish two extreme phenotypes within the experimental clams: uninfected ("RES", resistant) and infected ("DIS", diseased) post-challenge. Total protein extractions were carried out for resistant and diseased clams, and proteins were identified using LC-MS/MS. Protein sequences were matched against a reference transcriptome of the Manila clam, and protein intensities based on label-free quantification were compared to reveal 49 significantly accumulated proteins in resistant and diseased clams. Proteins with known roles in pathogen recognition, lysosome trafficking, and various aspects of the energy metabolism were more abundant in diseased clams, whereas those with roles in redox homeostasis and protein recycling were more abundant in resistant clams. Overall, the comparison of the proteomic profiles of resistant and diseased clams after a month-long controlled challenge to induce the onset of Brown Ring disease suggests that redox homeostasis and maintenance of protein structure by chaperone proteins may play important and interrelated roles in resistance to infection by Vibrio tapetis in the Manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Smits
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Campus, Viale dell'Universita', 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - S Artigaud
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - B Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen, SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France.
| | - V Pichereau
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Campus, Viale dell'Universita', 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - C Paillard
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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Tian ZL, Wang ZH, Maria M, Qu N, Zheng JW. Meloidogyne graminicola protein disulfide isomerase may be a nematode effector and is involved in protection against oxidative damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11949. [PMID: 31420562 PMCID: PMC6697734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, is a serious pest in most rice-growing countries. Usually, nematodes employ antioxidants to counteract the harm of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitate their infection. Here the gene encoding M. graminicola protein disulphide isomerase (MgPDI) was identified. The deduced protein is highly conserved in the putative active-site Cys-Gly-His-Cys. In situ hybridization showed that MgPDI was specifically localized within esophageal glands of pre-parasitic second stage juveniles (J2s). MgPDI was significantly up-regulated in the late parasitic J2s. Characterization of the recombinant protein showed that the purified MgPDI exhibited similar activities to other oxidases/isomerases such as the refolding of the scrambled RNase and insulin disulfide reductase and the protection of plasmid DNA and living cells from ROS damage. In addition, silencing of MgPDI by RNA interference in the pre-parasitic J2s lowered their multiplication factor. MgPDI expression was up-regulated in the presence of exogenous H2O2, whereas MgPDI silencing resulted in an increase in mortality under H2O2 stress. MgPDI is localized in the apoplast when transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The results indicated that MgPDI plays important roles in the reproduction and pathogenicity of M. graminicola and it also contributes to protecting nematodes from exogenous H2O2 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ling Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Munawar Maria
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Nan Qu
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wu Zheng
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
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EsTrx-2, the mitochondrial thioredoxin from Antarctic microcrustacean (Euphausia superba): Cloning and functional characterization. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 231:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chen M, Zhang J, Xie X, Wu C. Cloning and functional characterization of thioredoxin genes from large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:385-391. [PMID: 29601992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin(Trx)with a redox-active disulfide/dithiol in the active site, is an ubiquitous disulfide reductase majorly responsible for maintaining the balance of reactive oxygen species. In this study, the complete thioredoxin-like protein 1 (designated as LcTrx) was cloned from large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea through rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of LcTrx was 1295 bp in length containing a 131 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) ,a 3'UTR of 294bp with a poly (A) tail, and an 870 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 289 amino acids. Protein sequence analysis revealed that LcTrx contains the evolutionarily conserved redox motif CRPC (Cys-Arg-Pro-Cys-). Multiple alignments revealed that LcTrx is highly identical to Trx from other organisms, especially in the CRPC motifs. The recombinant LcTrx showed obvious insulin reduction activity in vitro. The LcTrx transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues with the highest levels found in the muscles and the lowest in the head kidney. Results of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection experiment showed that the expression levels of LcTrx were tissue and time dependent. In the liver and kidney, LcTrx was down-regulated both at 12 h and 48 h post-infection. In contrast, LcTrx showed induced expression in the spleen and head kidney at same post-infection time points. The different responses to pathogen stimulation indicated the diversified physiological function of LcTrx in the four examined tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
| | - Xiaoze Xie
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
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Chen X, Wang J, Yue W, Liu J, Wang C. Hepatopancreas transcriptome analysis of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) with white hepatopancreas syndrome. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:302-307. [PMID: 28860074 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
White hepatopancreas is a syndrome that has recently emerged in aquaculture of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). High lethality of the disease caused large economic loss, which drew considerable attention of fish farmers and scientific researchers. In this study, hepatopancreas reference transcriptome was de novo assembled and differential expression analysis was conducted between white hepatopancreas and normal (yellow) hepatopancreas of E. sinensis. A total of 90,687 transcripts were assembled, and 27,387 were annotated. Transcriptomic comparison revealed 69 differentially expressed genes between individuals featuring white hepatopancreas and yellow hepatopancreas. Genes associated with immune response and cell death, include thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1, hemocytin, methuselah-like 1, and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, and they were up-regulated, whereas titin and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase, which are genes related to cell proliferation, were down-regulated in E. sinensis with white hepatopancreas syndrome. Our study provides novel insights into genetic causes of formation and novel gene markers for detection of white hepatopancreas syndrome in aquaculture of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wucheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Kugapreethan R, Umasuthan N, Wan Q, Thulasitha WS, Kim C, Lee J. Comparative analysis of two thioredoxin-like genes in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and their possible involvement in redox homeostasis and innate immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:43-56. [PMID: 27984102 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of ROS can cause serious intracellular damages by reacting readily with nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, thus triggering tissue damage and cell death. Thioredoxin system is one of the principal factors that maintain the intracellular redox balance via its antioxidant property. In this study, we characterized two new thioredoxin isoforms (SsTXN-like 1 and SsMtTXN-like) from black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. The molecular and structural characteristics, as well as the evolutionary relationships of SsTXN-like 1 and SsMtTXN-like confirmed that they belong to the thioredoxin superfamily. A classical thioredoxin domain was found in both proteins with a conserved redox-active site CXYC, however, only the precursor of SsMtTXN-like protein possessed a mitochondrial targeting signal. The results from insulin disulfide reduction activity assay demonstrated that their recombinant proteins are capable of reducing the disulfide bonds of oxidatively damaged proteins via their oxidoreductase activities. The free radical scavenging activity assay revealed the prominent hydroxyl and DPPH scavenging activities of rSsTXN-like 1 and rSsMtTXN-like in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptional studies showed a broad distribution of SsTXN-like 1 and SsMtTXN-like transcripts in all the examined tissues. Significant (p < 0.05) up-regulations of both genes in immune-related tissues after LPS, poly I:C and Streptococcus iniae challenges reflect their critical role in redox homeostasis in black rockfish. Taken together, SsTXN-like 1 and SsMtTXN-like, as two active members of thioredoxin superfamily, have significant antioxidant properties to housekeep the redox potential during various stress conditions and innate immune response of Sebastes schlegelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopasingam Kugapreethan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8570, Japan
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- Informatics Development & Management Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Shi M, Zhao S, Wang ZH, Stanley D, Chen XX. Cotesia vestalis parasitization suppresses expression of a Plutella xylostella thioredoxin. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:679-688. [PMID: 27376399 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved and ubiquitous proteins involved in protecting organisms against toxic reactive oxygen species. In this study, a typical thioredoxin gene, PxTrx, was isolated from Plutella xylostella. The full-length cDNA sequence is composed of 959 bp containing a 321 bp open reading frame that encodes a predicted protein of 106 amino acids, a predicted molecular weight of 11.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.03. PxTrx was mainly expressed in larval Malpighian tubules and the fat body. An enriched recombinant PxTrx had insulin disulphide reductase activity and stimulated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cell proliferation. It also protected supercoiled DNA and living HEK293 cells from H2 O2 -induced damage. Parasitization by Cotesia vestalis and injections of 0.05 and 0.01 equivalents of C. vestalis Bracovirus (CvBv), the symbiotic virus carried by the parasitoid, led to down-regulation of PxTrx expression in host fat body. Taken together, our results indicate that PxTrx contributes to the maintenance of P. xylostella cellular haemostasis. Host fat body expression of PxTrx is strongly attenuated by parasitization and by injections of CvBv.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shi
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z-H Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - D Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - X-X Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lu Y, Wu Z, Song Z, Xiao P, Liu Y, Zhang P, You F. Insight into the heat resistance of fish via blood: Effects of heat stress on metabolism, oxidative stress and antioxidant response of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and turbot Scophthalmus maximus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:125-135. [PMID: 27633671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High temperature has direct confinement on fish survival and growth, especially under the background of global warming. Selection of fish line with heat resistance is an important means to address this problem. In the present study, we analyzed the difference in heat resistance between families of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and turbot Scophthalmus maximus, two flatfish species occupying slightly different thermal niches. Then the chosen families were tested to determine their differential response to heat stress (ΔT = +8 °C and +12 °C) in blood, including anaerobic metabolism (lactate), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation) and antioxidant enzymes. Results showed a difference in heat resistance between families of the two species. Among the chosen parameters, growth traits had a significant effect on contents of lactate and malondialdehyd (MDA), and activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase in flounder (P < 0.05), and on MDA content and CAT activity in turbot (P < 0.05). In comparison with heat-sensitive family of each species, levels of all studied parameters were lower and more stable in heat-resistant families after heat stress. What's more, heat resistance of fish significantly influenced contents of lactate and MDA and activity of CAT in flounder (P < 0.05), as well as contents of lactate, MDA and carbonyl and activity of superoxide dismutate (SOD) in turbot (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that such physiological phenotypes as anaerobic metabolism, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes are good biomarkers of fish heat-resistance, being potentially valuable in fish breeding. However, these markers should be applied with more caution when there is a growth discrepancy between fish families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Shenghang Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai 264200, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Feng You
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Richard G, Guérard F, Corporeau C, Lambert C, Paillard C, Pernet F. Metabolic responses of clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to its pathogen Vibrio tapetis in relation to diet. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:96-107. [PMID: 26921670 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of brown ring disease (BRD) development and algal diet on energy reserves and activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant system and immunity in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. We found that algal diet did not impact the metabolic response of clams exposed to Vibrio tapetis. At two days post-injection (dpi), activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased whereas activities of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and catalase increased in infected clams, although no clinical signs were visible (BRD-). At 7 dpi, activities of several antioxidant and immune-related enzymes were markedly increased in BRD-likely indicating an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging compared to animals which developed clinical signs of BRD (BRD+). Therefore, resistance to BRD clinical signs appearance was associated with higher detoxification of ROS and enhancement of immune response. This study provides new biochemical indicators of disease resistance and a more comprehensive view of the global antioxidant response of clam to BRD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Richard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Fabienne Guérard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte Corporeau
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Technopôle Brest-Iroise CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Technopôle Brest-Iroise CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Thulasitha WS, Umasuthan N, Jayasooriya RGPT, Noh JK, Park HC, Lee J. A thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 from black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii: Responses to immune challenges and protection from apoptosis against oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:29-37. [PMID: 26945103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (TXN) superfamily proteins are identified by the presence of a thioredoxin active site with a conserved CXXC active motif. TXN members are involved in a wide range of biochemical and biological functions including redox regulation, refolding of disulfide containing proteins, and regulation of transcription factors. In the present study, a thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 was identified and characterized from black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii (RfTXNDC12). The full length of RfTXNDC12 consists of a 522-bp coding region encoding a 173-amino acid protein. It has a 29-amino acid signal peptide and a single TXN active site with a consensus atypical WCGAC active motif. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the active site is conserved among vertebrates. RfTXNDC12 shares highest identity with its Epinephelus coioides homolog. Transcriptional analysis revealed its ubiquitous expression in a wide range of tissues with the highest expression in the ovary. Immune challenges conducted with Streptococcus iniae and poly I:C caused upregulation of RfTXNDC12 transcript levels in gills and peripheral blood cells (PBCs), while lipopolysaccharide injection caused downregulation of RfTXNDC12 in gills and upregulation in PBCs. Similar to TXN, RfTXNDC12 exhibited insulin disulfide reducing activity. Interestingly, the recombinant protein showed significant protection of LNCaP cells against apoptosis induced by H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in a concentration dependent manner. Collectively, the present data indicate that RfTXNDC12 is a TXN superfamily member, which could function as a potential antioxidant enzyme and be involved in a defense mechanism against immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - R G P T Jayasooriya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Gyeonggido 425-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Le Bris C, Richard G, Paillard C, Lambert C, Seguineau C, Gauthier O, Pernet F, Guérard F. Immune responses of phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase in the manila clam Venerupis philippinarum challenged with Vibrio tapetis--Part I: Spatio-temporal evolution of enzymes' activities post-infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:16-24. [PMID: 25449703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Manila clams, Venerupis philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850), were experimentally challenged with two Vibrio tapetis strains: CECT4600T, the causative agent of Brown Ring Disease (BRD); and LP2 supposedly non-pathogenic in V. philippinarum. Changes in phenoloxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two major enzymes involved in immunity, were studied in two tissues, the mantle and hemolymph for 30 days after infection in the extrapallial cavity. Bacterial infection in V. philippinarum resulted in modulation of PO and SOD activities that was both tissue- and time-dependent. A response at early times was detected in the mantle and was associated with significant increases in PO and SOD activities in LP2- and CECT4600T-challenged clams 36 h post injection. This first response in the mantle could be explained by the proximity to the injection region (extrapallial cavity). In the hemolymph the response occurred at later times and was associated with an increase in PO activity and a decrease in SOD activity. As hemolymph is a circulating fluid, this response delay could be due to an "integration time" needed by the organism to counteract the infection. Injections also impacted PO and SOD activities in both tissues and confirmed a difference in pathogenicity between the two V. tapetis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Le Bris
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Gaëlle Richard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Catherine Seguineau
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Technopôle Brest-Iroise BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Technopôle Brest-Iroise BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Guérard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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14
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Americo JA, Dondero F, Moraes MO, Allodi S, de Freitas Rebelo M. Gene discovery in the tropical scallop Nodipecten nodosus: construction and sequencing of a normalized cDNA library. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 91:34-40. [PMID: 23669241 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library from the digestive gland of the marine bivalve Nodipecten nodosus, a commercially valuable tropical scallop. A total of 288 clones were sequenced, and 250 unique sequences were obtained. The cDNA library showed a small sequence redundancy (2.3%) and high numbers of recombinant (99.9%) and independent clones (2.0 × 10(6) cfu), indicating that the cDNA library generated in this study is a profitable resource for efficient gene discovery for N. nodosus. EST functional annotation by Gene Ontology term assignment revealed the identification of sequences potentially involved in aquaculture and ecotoxicology relevant processes such as apoptosis, growth, lipid metabolism, reproduction, development, response to stress and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves Americo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CSS, Bl. G, 21949902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Yao P, Hao L, Wang F, Chen X, Yan Y, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular cloning, expression and antioxidant characterisation of a typical thioredoxin gene (AccTrx2) in Apis cerana cerana. Gene 2013; 527:33-41. [PMID: 23747404 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved and ubiquitous proteins that are involved in protecting organisms against toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a typical thioredoxin 2 gene was isolated from Apis cerana cerana, AccTrx2. The full-length cDNA sequence of AccTrx2 was composed of 407 bp containing a 318 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a predicted protein of 105 amino acids, 11.974 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.45. Expression profile of AccTrx2 as determined by a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was higher in brain than in other tissues, with its highest transcript occurring on the 15day post-emergence adult and upregulated by such abiotic stresses as 4 °C, 16 °C, 25 °C, H2O2, cyhalothrin, acaricide, paraquat, phoxime and mercury (HgCl2) treatments. However, AccTrx2 was slightly repressed when exposed to 42 °C treatment. Characterisation of the recombinant protein showed that the purified AccTrx2 had insulin disulfide reductase activity and could protect DNA from ROS damage. These results indicate that AccTrx2 functions as an antioxidant that plays an important role in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
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16
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Revathy KS, Lee Y, Whang I, Choi CY, Park HC, Lee J. A manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from Ruditapes philippinarum: comparative structural- and expressional-analysis with copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) and biochemical analysis of its antioxidant activities. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:753-765. [PMID: 22789716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs), antioxidant metalloenzymes, represent the first line of defense in biological systems against oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular O(2)(•-). Two distinct members of SOD family were identified from Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (abbreviated as RpMnSOD and RpCu/ZnSOD). The structural analysis revealed all common characteristics of SOD family in both RpSODs from primary to tertiary levels, including three MnSOD signatures and two Cu/ZnSOD signatures as well as invariant Mn(2+)- and Cu/Zn(2+)-binding sites in RpMnSOD and RpCu/ZnSOD, respectively. Putative RpMnSOD and RpCu/ZnSOD proteins were predicted to be localized in mitochondrial matrix and cytosol, respectively. They shared 65.2% and 63.9% of identity with human MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD, respectively. Phylogentic evidences indicated the emergence of RpSODs within molluscan monophyletic clade. The analogous spatial expression profiles of RpSODs demonstrated their higher mRNA levels in hemocytes and gills. The experimental challenges with poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide and Vibrio tapetis illustrated the time-dependent dynamic expression of RpSODs in hemocytes and gills. The recombinant RpMnSOD was expressed in a prokaryotic system and its antioxidant property was studied. The rRpMnSOD exhibited its optimum activity at 20 °C, under alkaline condition (pH 9) with a specific activity of 3299 U mg(-1). These outcomes suggested that RpSODs were constitutively expressing inducible proteins that might play crucial role(s) in innate immunity of Manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Umasuthan N, Revathy KS, Lee Y, Whang I, Choi CY, Lee J. A novel molluscan sigma-like glutathione S-transferase from Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum: cloning, characterization and transcriptional profiling. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:539-50. [PMID: 22245757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are versatile enzymes, act as primary intracellular detoxifiers and contribute to a broad range of physiological processes including cellular defense. In this study, a full-length cDNA representing a novel sigma-like GST was identified from Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (RpGSTσ). RpGSTσ (884 bp) was found to possess an open reading frame of 609 bp. The encoded polypeptide (203 amino acids) had a predicted molecular mass of 23.21 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.64. Sequence analysis revealed two conserved GST domain profiles in N- and C-termini. Alignment studies revealed that the identity between deduced peptides of RpGSTσ and known GSTσ members was relatively low (<35%), except a previously identified Manila clam GSTσ isoform (87.2%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RpGSTσ clustered together with molluscan GSTσ homologs, which were closely related to insect GSTσs. The RpGSTσ was subsequently cloned and expressed as recombinant protein, in order to characterize its biological activity. The recombinant RpGSTσ exhibited characteristic glutathione conjugating catalytic activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene and ethacrynic acid. It had an optimal pH and temperature of 8.0 and 35 °C, respectively. Expression profiles under normal conditions and in response to lipopolysaccharide-, poly I:C- and Vibrio tapetis-challenges were also investigated. RpGSTσ demonstrated a differential tissue distribution with robust transcription in gills of normal animals. We explored potential association of GSTσ in cellular defense during bacterial infection and found that in challenged clams, RpGSTσ gene was significantly induced in internal and external tissues, in conjunction with manganese- as well as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and CuZnSOD) genes. Moreover, the induction was remarkably higher in hemocytes than in gill. Collectively, our findings suggested that RpGSTσ could play a significant role in cellular defense against oxidative stress caused by bacteria, in conjunction with other antioxidant enzymes, such as SODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Saranya Revathy K, Umasuthan N, Lee Y, Choi CY, Whang I, Lee J. First molluscan theta-class Glutathione S-Transferase: identification, cloning, characterization and transcriptional analysis post immune challenges. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:10-23. [PMID: 22390916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional cytosolic isoenzymes, distinctly known as phase II detoxification enzymes. GSTs play a significant role in cellular defense against toxicity and have been identified in nearly all organisms studied to date, from bacteria to mammals. In this study, we have identified a full-length cDNA of the theta class GST from Ruditapes philippinarum (RpGSTθ), an important commercial edible molluscan species. RpGSTθ was cloned and the recombinant protein expressed, in order to study its biochemical characteristics and determine its physiological activities. The cDNA comprised an ORF of 693 bp, encoding 231 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 27 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.2. Sequence analysis revealed that RpGSTθ possessed characteristic conserved domains of the GST_N family, Class Theta subfamily (PSSM: cd03050) and GST_C_family Super family (PSSM: cl02776). Phylogenetic analysis showed that RpGSTθ evolutionarily linked with other theta class homologues. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and the purified enzyme showed high activity with GST substrates like CDNB and 4-NBC. Glutathione dependent peroxidase activity of GST, investigated with cumene hydroperoxide as substrate affirmed the antioxidant property of rRpGSTθ. By quantitative PCR, RpGSTθ was found to be ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest levels occurring in gills, mantle, and hemocytes. Since GSTs may act as detoxification enzymes to mediate immune defense, the effects of pathogen associated molecular pattern, lipopolysaccharide and intact Vibrio tapetis bacteria challenge on RpGSTθ gene transcription were studied. Furthermore, the RpGSTθ expression changes induced by immune challenges were similar to those of the antioxidant defense enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (RpMnSOD). To our knowledge, RpGSTθ is the first molluscan theta class GST reported, and its immune-related role in Manila clam may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for protecting this important aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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