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Qu Y, Cui J, Ma J, Chen J, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Bao Z, Han Y, Liu Y, Huang B, Wang X. Molecular cloning and functional study of a Rel homologous gene in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109764. [PMID: 39002558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
NF-κB (Nuclear factor-kappa B) family proteins are versatile transcription factors that play crucial regulatory roles in cell development, growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response. However, there is limited research on the function of these key genes in echinoderms. In this study, an NF-κB family gene (SiRel) was identified in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The gene has an open reading frame length of 1809 bp and encodes for 602 amino acids. Domain prediction results revealed that the N-terminal of SiRel protein encodes a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD), including the RHD-DNA binding domain and the RHD-dimerization domain. Multiple sequence comparison results showed that the protein sequences of these two domains were conserved. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SiRel clustered with Strongylocentrotus purpuratus p65 protein and Rel protein of other echinoderms. Results from quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated detectable SiRel mRNA expression in all tested sea urchin tissues, with the highest expression level found in the gills. And SiRel mRNA expression levels were significantly induced after LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) and poly(I:C) (Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) stimulation. In addition, SiRel protein expression can be found in cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK293T cells. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed that SiRel could interact with sea urchin IκB (Inhibitor of NF-κB) protein. Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results indicated that overexpression of SiRel in HEK293T cells could impact the phosphorylation levels of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and Erk1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2) and activate interleukin-6 (IL-6), activating protein 1 (AP-1), interferon (IFN)α/β/γ, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) reporter genes in HEK293T cells. In conclusion, this study reveals that SiRel plays an important role in the innate immune response of sea urchins and enriches our understanding of comparative immunology theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Qu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jilv Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiwen Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Haikun Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhengjie Yu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zihao Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Chen J, Ma J, Cui J, Zhang G, Dong J, Yu T, Zheng Y, Qu Y, Cai S, Lu X, Wang A, Huang B, Wang X. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a mollusk Rel homologous gene. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109188. [PMID: 37890738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Members of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family are crucial regulators of physiological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and the immune response, acting as vital transcription factors to perform their function. In this study, we identified a NF-κB homologous gene (CfRel1) in Zhikong scallops. The 3006-bp-long open reading frame encodes 1001 amino acids. The N-terminus of the CfRel1 protein harbors a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD) that contains a DNA-binding domain and a dimerization domain. According to the multiple sequence alignment results, both the DNA-binding and dimerization domains are highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CfRel1 is closely related to both the Dorsal protein of Pinctada fucata and the Rel2 protein of Crassostrea gigas. CfRel1 mRNA was expressed in all tissues tested in the quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments, with hepatopancreatic tissue expressing the highest levels. Furthermore, after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, the mRNA expression level of CfRel1 was markedly increased. The co-immunoprecipitation test results showed that CfRel1 interacted with scallop IκB protein through its RHD DNA-binding domain, suggesting that IκB may regulate the activity of Rel1 by binding to this domain. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that CfRel1 overexpression in HEK293T cells activated the activator protein 1 (AP-1), NF-κB, interferon (IFN)α, IFNβ, and IFNγ reporter genes, indicating the diverse functions of the protein. In summary, CfRel1 is capable of responding to attacks from pathogen-associated molecular patterns, participating in immune signaling, and activating NF-κB and IFN reporter genes. Our findings contribute to the advancement of invertebrate innate immunity theory, enrich the theory of comparative immunology, and serve as a reference for the future screening of disease-resistant strains in scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jilv Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Guoguang Zhang
- Laizhou Marine Development and Fishery Service Center, Yantai, 261499, China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, 265899, China
| | - Yanxin Zheng
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, 265899, China
| | - Yifan Qu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shuai Cai
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, 265899, China
| | - Xiuqi Lu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Anhao Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Huang D, Guo Y, Li X, Pan M, Liu J, Zhang W, Mai K. Vitamin D 3/VDR inhibits inflammation through NF-κB pathway accompanied by resisting apoptosis and inducing autophagy in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:885-906. [PMID: 34637036 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is believed to be a contributing factor to innate immunity. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a positive effect on inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, particularly in mollusks. Consequently, this study will investigate the process of vitamin D3/VDR regulating NF-κB pathway and further explore their functions on inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Results showed that knockdown of VDR by using siRNA and dsRNA of VDR in vitro and in vivo led to more intense response of NF-κB signaling to lipopolysaccharide and higher level of apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation after VDR silencing could partially alleviate apoptosis and induce autophagy. Overexpression of VDR restricted the K48-polyubiquitin chain-dependent inhibitor of κB (IκB) ubiquitination and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) oligomerization. Besides, VDR silencing resulted in increase of ASC speck formation. In further mechanistic studies, we showed that VDR can directly bind to IκB and IKK1 in vitro and in vivo. In the feeding trial, H&E staining, TUNEL, and electron microscope results showed that vitamin D3 deficiency (0 IU/kg) could recruit more basophilic cells and increase more TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells and lipid droplets (LDs) than vitamin D3 supplement (1000 IU/kg and 5000 IU/kg). In summary, abalone VDR plays a negative regulator role in NF-κB-mediated inflammation via interacting with IκB and inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IκB. Vitamin D3 in combination with VDR is essential to establish a delicate balance between autophagy and apoptosis in response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Zhu M, Su F, Leng J, Jian S, Yi P, Wen C, Hu B. Two NF-κB subunits are associated with antimicrobial immunity in Hyriopsis cumingii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:104336. [PMID: 34921862 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway activated by bacteria and viruses produces a series of antimicrobial peptides that participate in the innate immune response. In this study, two NF-κB subunits were cloned and identified from Hyriopsis cumingii (named Hcp65 and Hcp105) using RT-PCR and RACE. The predicted Hcp65 protein possessed a N-terminal Rel homology domain (RHD) and an Ig-like/plexins/transcription factors domain (IPT); the Hcp105 contained an RHD, an IPT domain, 6 ankyrin (ANK) domain and a death domain. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that Hcp65 and Hcp105 were constitutively expressed in the detected tissues, and were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gill of mussels challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C). The dsRNA-mediated silencing of Hcp65 and Hcp105 caused significant reduction of immune genes such as lysozyme (HcLyso), theromacin (Hcther), whey acid protein (HcWAP), LPS-binding protein/bactericidal permeability protein (HcLBP/BPI) 1 and 2. In addition, subcellular localization experiments showed that Hcp65 and Hcp105 proteins were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of HEK-293T cells, and Hcp50 proteins (mature peptide of Hcp105) were mainly localized in the nucleus. The recombinant Hcp65 and Hcp50 protein could form homodimer and heterodimer and bind κB site in vitro. These results provide useful information for understanding the role of NF-κB in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Feixiang Su
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Jianghe Leng
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Peipei Yi
- Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321001, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China.
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Shi Y, Pan X, Xu M, Liu H, Xu H, He M. The role of Smad1/5 in mantle immunity of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 113:208-215. [PMID: 33864946 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Smad protein family is an important medium for transducing BMP-Smads signals, and which have been proved that their important role in regulating shell biomineralization in Pinctada fucata martensii in our previous study. The members of TGF-β superfamily were involved in innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates, and Smad regulatory networks construct a balanced immune system. However, little is known about the role of Smad1/5 in immunity in P. f. martensii. The present study shows that the tissue distribution and the expression profiles of Smad1/5 at developmental stages suggested its wide distribution and crucial role in development at embryonic stages other than larval stage; the increased expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), Smad4, Smad1/5 and MSX mRNAs at mantle tissue after LPS and Poly (I:C) challenged implied the potential immune role of Smad1/5 and BMP2-Smad signals to defense against bacterial and virus infections; the reduced expression of immune gene nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), interleukin 17 (IL-17), CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) mRNA following knockdown of Smad1/5 indicated that Smad1/5 can regulate their expression via BMP2-Smads pathway in the immunity process; the up-regulated expression of Smad1/5 and BMP2-Smad signals genes, and immune genes during wound healing indicated that Smad1/5 and BMP2-Smad signals genes may be involved in wound healing collaborated with immune genes via a different and complex Smads signaling pathway. These results indicated Smad1/5 could regulate innate immunity via BMP2-Smads signal pathway, and which provided new insights into the relationship between BMP2-Smads signal pathway and mantle immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xiaolan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Meng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Hanzhi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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6
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Priyathilaka TT, Bathige SDNK, Lee S, Yang H, Jeong T, Lee S, Lee J. Structural and functional analysis of three Iκb kinases (IKK) in disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus): Investigating their role in the innate immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:111-125. [PMID: 32320761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The IκB kinases (IKK) are large multiprotein complexes that regulate the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, and development. To explore the potential roles of invertebrate IKKs on immunity, three IKK encoding genes have been identified from molluscan species disk abalone and designed as AbIKK1, AbIKK2 and AbIKK3 at the transcriptional level. Coding sequences of AbIKK1, AbIKK2 and AbIKK3 encode the peptides of 746, 751 and 713 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 86.16, 86.12 and 81.88 kDa respectively. All three AbIKKs were found to share conserved IKK family features including the kinase superfamily domain (KD), ubiquitin-like domain (ULD), and α-helical scaffold/dimerization domain (SDD), similar to their mammalian counterparts. Under normal physiological conditions, AbIKKs were ubiquitously detected in six different tissues, with the highest abundance in the digestive tract and gills. Temporal transcriptional profiles in abalone hemocytes revealed the induction of AbIKK1, AbIKK2, and AbIKK3 expression following exposure to Gram-negative (Vibrio parahemolyticus) and Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria, viruses (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV), LPS, or poly I:C. The overexpression of AbIKKs in HEK293T or RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells induced NF-κB promoter activation independent of stimulation by TNF-α or LPS. Moreover, iNOS and COX2 expression was induced in AbIKK transfected RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and the induced state was maintained post-LPS treatment. Furthermore, mRNA levels of three selected cytokine-encoding genes (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were found to be elevated in abalone IKK overexpressed RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells, both with and without LPS exposure. Overall, our findings demonstrated that AbIKKs identified in this study were positively involved in eliciting innate immune responses in abalone. In addition, the data revealed the presence of an evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism for IKK mediated NF-κB activation in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Nanotechnology and Science Park, Mahenwatta, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Qin C, Wang J, Shi Q, Lv Y, Wan J, He Y, Hu P. Diurnal rhythm expression of transcription factor NF-κB subunit p65 in Pelteobagrus vachellii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:572-577. [PMID: 32112890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has important functions in viral resistance. In the present study, we isolated a p65 subunit of NF-κB cDNA from Pelteobagrus vachellii (termed Pvp65) and characterized it. The full-length p65 cDNA comprised 3651 bp, including a 148-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 106-bp 3'-UTR, and an open reading frame encoding a 1067-amino acid putative protein. The protein sequence comprised a DNA binding motif, a Rel-homology domain, a Rel protein signature, a putative transcription activation domain, a nuclear localization signal, and a transcription initiation factor IIA domain. The expression of Pvp65 displayed a daily rhythm, with an acrophase at approximately at 15:32 h in the liver, 11:34 h in the spleen, and 16:45 h in the head kidney. In addition, infection with Aeromonas hydrophila caused Pvp65 expression to increase significantly (P < 0.05), and peaking at 12 h post infection in the spleen, at 24 in the head kidney, and at 12 h in the liver. Thus, NF-κB expression might be under light/dark cycle control in P. vachellii, and may be involved in the immune response to A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China.
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China
| | - Qinchao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China
| | - Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, PR China
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8
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Wei K, Wei Y, Song C. The response of phenoloxidase to cadmium-disturbed hepatopancreatic immune-related molecules in freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:190-198. [PMID: 32058094 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive research on local and systemic oxidative stress and immunosuppression in cadmium exposed crustaceans, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Because of multiple functions of epithelial cells, such as storing and detoxifying heavy metals, producing and secreting immune-related molecules (i.e. hemocyanin, NF-κB and CBS/H2S et al.), hepatopancreas may play an important role in immune system. In the present study, as an indication of systemic and local immune status in crayfish Procambarus clarkii, the relationship between PO activities in haemolymph and levels of CBS/H2S/NF-κBp65 in hepatopancreas was evaluated following a 96 h exposure to sub-lethal Cd2+ concentrations (1/40, 1/8 and 1/4 of the 96 h LC50). The results indicated that there was a significant increase in ROS contents accompanied by markedly decreased THC and PO levels (P < 0.01) in a dose- and time- dependent manner. The evolutionarily conserved CBS and NF-κB p65 showed obvious difference (P < 0.01) (including cellular distribution and expression level) between the healthy and pathological conditions based on IHC analysis. Even small change of endogenous H2S content may be closely related to NF-κB p65 level and PO activity (P < 0.01). There was significantly negative correlation (P < 0.05) between PO activity and expression levels of CBS and NF-κB p65. Obviously, crayfish innate immunity was a highly complex network of various cells, molecules, and signaling pathways which operate, at least partly, through small signaling molecules such as H2S. ROS-mediated CBS/H2S/NF-κB pathway probably allowed hepatopancreas to inhibit PO activity under cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Wei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changxia Song
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Keshavarz M, Jo YH, Patnaik BB, Park KB, Ko HJ, Kim CE, Edosa TT, Lee YS, Han YS. TmRelish is required for regulating the antimicrobial responses to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Tenebrio molitor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4258. [PMID: 32144366 PMCID: PMC7060202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Relish, a transcription factor, is a critical downstream component of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway and regulates host defense against bacterial infection by mediating antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. Understanding the immunological function of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor Relish (TmRelish) will be instructive in understanding insect immunity. In the present study, full-length ORF of TmRelish was retrieved from T. molitor-expressed sequence tags and RNA-seq database. The predicted TmRelish amino acid sequence contained an N-terminal Rel-homology domain; an Ig-like, plexin, and transcription factor domain; ankyrin repeat motifs; a nuclear localization signal; and a C-terminal death domain and shared the highly conserved structure of the Relish proteins of other insect species. TmRelish mRNA was detected in all developmental stages of the insect; however, the highest levels were detected in the larval gut tissue and adult hemocytes. TmRelish mRNA level was upregulated in the fat body, hemocyte, and gut tissue 9 h after infection of T. molitor larvae by the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. Furthermore, TmRelish knockdown led to significantly higher mortality of the E. coli-infected larvae, and significantly lower mortality of larvae infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. To elucidate the possible cause of mortality, we measured AMP transcription in the fat body, hemocytes, gut, and Malpighian tubules (MTs) of T. molitor larvae. TmRelish knockdown suppressed the expression of nine AMP genes in the larval fat body and gut tissue during E. coli infection, suggesting that TmRelish positively regulates AMP expression in both immune-related tissues, in response to E. coli challenge. Furthermore, negative regulation of some AMPs by TmRelish in the MTs, gut and hemocytes in response to C. albicans infection suggests a crosstalk between the Toll and Imd pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshavarz
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Trident Academy of Technology (TAT), F2-A, Chandaka Industrial Estate, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Ki Beom Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ko
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tariku Tesfaye Edosa
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyangro, Shinchang-myeon, Asan, Chungchungnam-do, 31538, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Kaleo IV, Gao Q, Liu B, Sun C, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Shan F, Xiong Z, Bo L, Song C. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, physiological and immune response, and related immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Vibrio anguillarum and ammonia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:603-613. [PMID: 30902724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high ammonia exposure, freshwater prawns were randomly divided into five groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and four treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% M. oleifera leaf extract and 0.025% Enrofloxacin for 60 days, respectively. Then, freshwater prawns were exposed to high ammonia stress for 72 h and Vibro anguillarum infection. The growth, antioxidant capabilities, related immune genes as well as resistance to infection by V. anguillarum were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate, haemolymph catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased while feed conversion ratio, haemolymph aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, nitrogen oxide (NO), hepatopancreas heat shock proteins (HSP70), immune deficiency (IMD) expression levels decreased in the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract before the stress. After ammonia stress, the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract also could improve the haemolymph SOD, glutathione peroxidase, NO, iNOS, hepatopancreas HSP70 expression levels and reduce haemolymph CAT, hepatopancreas peroxiredoxin 5 and NF kappa B inhibitor alpha expression level compared with the control group. The rate of mortality of the prawns challenged with V. anguillarum was lower in the supplemented groups in comparison with the control group with the lowest being in the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract. Antioxidant activities as well as biochemical parameters in the enrofloxacin group (0.025%E) were not significantly enhanced both pre and post challenge in comparison with the M. oleifera leaf extract groups, showing the superiority of the natural herb over the synthetic antibiotic. In summary, this study suggested that at an inclusion rate of 0.5%, M. oleifera leaf extract could increase the growth performance, even has positive effects on physiological and immune function and prevents high ammonia stress in the Freshwater prawn, M.rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Venkonwine Kaleo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Fisheries Commission, Post Office Box 268, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fishies, Huzhou, 313001, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Fan Shan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liu Bo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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Mariom, Take S, Igarashi Y, Yoshitake K, Asakawa S, Maeyama K, Nagai K, Watabe S, Kinoshita S. Gene expression profiles at different stages for formation of pearl sac and pearl in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:240. [PMID: 30909870 PMCID: PMC6434816 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most critical step in the pearl formation during aquaculture is issued to the proliferation and differentiation of outer epithelial cells of mantle graft into pearl sac. This pearl sac secretes various matrix proteins to produce pearls by a complex physiological process which has not been well-understood yet. Here, we aimed to unravel the genes involved in the development of pearl sac and pearl, and the sequential expression patterns of different shell matrix proteins secreted from the pearl sac during pearl formation by pearl oyster Pinctada fucata using high-throughput transcriptome profiling. Results Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clearly different gene expression profiles between earlier (before 1 week) and later stages (1 week to 3 months) of grafting. Immune-related genes were highly expressed between 0 h – 24 h (donor dependent) and 48 h – 1 w (host dependent), and in the course of wound healing process pearl sac was developed by two weeks of graft transplantation. Moreover, for the first time, we identified some stem cell marker genes including ABCG2, SOX2, MEF2A, HES1, MET, NRP1, ESR1, STAT6, PAX2, FZD1 and PROM1 that were expressed differentially during the formation of pearl sac. The expression profiling of 192 biomineralization-related genes demonstrated that most of the shell matrix proteins (SMPs) involved in prismatic layer formation were first up-regulated and then gradually down-regulated indicating their involvement in the development of pearl sac and the onset of pearl mineralization. Most of the nacreous layer forming SMPs were up-regulated at 2 weeks after the maturation of pearl sac. Nacrein, MSI7 and shematrin involved in both layer formation were highly expressed during 0 h – 24 h, down-regulated up to 1 week and then up-regulated again after accomplishment of pearl sac formation. Conclusions Using an RNA-seq approach we unraveled the expression pattern of the key genes involved in the development of pearl sac and pearl as a result of host immune response after grafting. These findings provide valuable information in understanding the molecular mechanism of pearl formation and immune response in P. fucata. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5579-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariom
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saori Take
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoji Igarashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kaoru Maeyama
- Mikimoto Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Kurose 1425, Ise, Mie, 516-8581, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Nagai
- Pearl Research Laboratory, K. MIKIMOTO & CO., LTD, Osaki Hazako 923, Hamajima, Shima, Mie, 517-0403, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0313, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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12
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Wang L, Song X, Song L. The oyster immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:99-118. [PMID: 28587860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oysters, the common name for a number of different bivalve molluscs, are the worldwide aquaculture species and also play vital roles in the function of ecosystem. As invertebrate, oysters have evolved an integrated, highly complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders via an array of orchestrated immune reactions, such as immune recognition, signal transduction, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, as well as encapsulation and phagocytosis of the circulating haemocytes. The hematopoietic tissue, hematopoiesis, and the circulating haemocytes have been preliminary characterized, and the detailed annotation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas genome has revealed massive expansion and functional divergence of innate immune genes in this animal. Moreover, immune priming and maternal immune transfer are reported in oysters, suggesting the adaptability of invertebrate immunity. Apoptosis and autophagy are proved to be important immune mechanisms in oysters. This review will summarize the research progresses of immune system and the immunomodulation mechanisms of the primitive catecholaminergic, cholinergic, neuropeptides, GABAergic and nitric oxidase system, which possibly make oysters ideal model for studying the origin and evolution of immune system and the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in lower invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Zhang H, Huang X, Shi Y, Liu W, He M. Identification and analysis of an MKK4 homologue in response to the nucleus grafting operation and antigens in the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:279-287. [PMID: 29269289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) is a key component of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and regulates multiple cellular activities. However, little is known about the roles of this kinase in pearl oyster. In this study, we identified an MKK4 homologue in Pinctada fucata by using a transcriptome database. Sequence analysis and protein structure prediction showed that PfMKK4 is highly conserved to MKK4 from other vertebrate and invertebrate species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PfMKK4 has the closest relationship with that from Crassostrea gigas. QPCR was used to investigate expression profiles in different healthy adult tissues and developmental stages of P. fucata. We found that PfMKK4 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and developmental stages examined except for in D-shaped larvae. Gene expression analysis suggested that PfMKK4 is involved in the response to the nucleus insertion operation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] stimulation in vivo reduced PfMKK4 mRNA expression at 6 h, 48 h and 48 h, 72 h, respectively. LPS and poly(I:C) induced PfMKK4 phosphorylation in a primary mantle cell culture. These results contribute to better understanding of the potential role played by PfMKK4 in protecting the pearl oyster from injury caused by grafting or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiande Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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14
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Wu Y, Liang H, Wang Z, Lei Q, Xia L. A novel toll-like receptor from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is induced in response to stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 214:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Identification and comparative analysis of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata hemocytes microRNAs in response to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Shi Z, Liang H, Hou Y. Functional analysis of a NF-κB transcription factor in the immune defense of Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:251-260. [PMID: 27871341 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although some novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been successfully isolated from Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, the mechanisms underlying the induction of these peptides are still elusive. The homolog of NF-κB transcription factor Relish, designated as BdRelish, was cloned from B. dorsalis. The full length cDNA of BdRelish is 3954 bp with an open reading frame that encodes 1013 amino acids. Similar to Drosophila Relish and the mammalian p100, it is a compound protein containing a conserved Rel homology domain, an IPT (Ig-like, plexins, transcription factors) domain and an IκB-like domain (four ankyrin repeats), the nuclear localization signal RKRRR is also detected at the residues 449-453, suggesting that it has homology to Relish and it is a member of the Rel family of transcription activator proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals that BdRelish mRNAs are detected in different quantities from various tissues and the highest transcription level of BdRelish is determined in fat body. The injection challenge of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureas significantly upregulated the expression of BdRelish. The injection of BdRelish dsRNA markedly reduced the expression of BdRelish and decreased the transcription magnitude of antimicrobial peptides. Individuals injected BdRelish dsRNA died at a significantly faster rate compared with the control groups. Therefore, BdRelish is vital for the transcription of AMPs to attack the invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou, 350002,China
| | - H Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou, 350002,China
| | - Y Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou, 350002,China
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Cai Y, Pan L, Miao J, Liu T. Identification of interacting proteins with aryl hydrocarbon receptor in scallop Chlamys farreri by yeast two hybrid screening. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:381-389. [PMID: 27497785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) belongs to the basic-helix-loop helix (bHLH) Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) family of transcription factors. AhR has been known primarily for its role in the regulation of several drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, as well as the mediation of the toxicity of certain xenobiotics, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Although the AhR is well-studied as a mediator of the toxicity of certain xenobiotics in marine bivalves, the normal physiological function remains unknown. In order to explore the function of the AhR, the bait protein expression plasmid pGBKT7-CfAhR and the cDNA library of gill from Chlamys farreri were constructed. By yeast two hybrid system, after multiple screening with the high screening rate medium, rotary verification, sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the interactions of the CfAhR with receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1), thyroid peroxidase-like protein (TPO), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR 4), androglobin-like, store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SocE), ADP/ATP carrier protein, cytochrome b, thioesterase, actin, ferritin subunit 1, poly-ubiquitin, short-chain collagen C4-like and one hypothetical protein in gill cells were identified. This study suggests that the CfAhR played fundamental roles in immune system homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and in grow and development of C. farreri. The elucidation of these protein interactions is of much importance both in understanding the normal physiological function of AhR, and as potential targets for further research on protein function in AhR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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18
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Gao S, Ren Y, Zhang H, Pan B, Gao H. Identification and expression analysis of IκB and NF-κB genes from Cyclina sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:427-435. [PMID: 27492119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing economic importance of Cyclina sinensis aquaculture, interest in its defense mechanisms against pathogenic infection has grown in recent years. Inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (IκB) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) are proteins with central roles in many important physiological and pathological processes, such as innate immune responses. In this study, we identified CsIκB and CsNF-κB genes from a C. sinensis transcriptome library. In healthy adult clams, CsIκB and CsNF-κB genes were widely expressed in various tissues and highly expressed in hemocytes. Further, the expression levels of these genes were significantly increased in hemocytes challenged by Vibrio anguillarum, Micrococcus luteus and poly I:C. Inhibition of CsMyD88 expression by RNAi technology significantly altered the mRNA expression patterns of CsIκB and CsNF-κB as measured using quantitative real-time PCR. These results collectively indicated that the NF-κB signaling pathway, including CsIκB and CsNF-κB genes, might be involved in early innate immune responses and may be regulated by a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Yipeng Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China; Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Baoping Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
| | - Hong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
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19
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Shi YR, Jin M, Ma FT, Huang Y, Huang X, Feng JL, Zhao LL, Chen YH, Ren Q. Involvement of Relish gene from Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the expression of anti-microbial peptides. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:236-244. [PMID: 26026243 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Relish is an NF-kB transcription factor involved in immune-deficiency (IMD) signal pathway. In this study, a Relish gene (MrRelish) was identified from Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The full length of MrRelish comprises 5072 bp, including a 3510 bp open reading frame encoding a 1169 bp amino acid protein. MrRelish contains a Rel homology domain (RHD), a nucleus localization signal, an IκB-like domain (6 ankyrin repeats), and a death domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MrRelish and other Relish from crustaceans belong to one group. MrRelish was expressed in all detected tissues, with the highest expression level in hemocytes and intestines. MrRelish was also upregulated in hepatopancreas at 6 h after Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The over-expression of MrRelish could induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as Drosophila Metchnikowin (Mtk), Attacin (Atta), Drosomycin (Drs), and Cecropin (CecA) and shrimp Penaeidin (Pen4). The RNAi of MrRelish in gills showed that the expression of crustin (cru) 2, Cru5, Cru8, lysozyme (Lyso) 1, and Lyso2 was inhibited. However, the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) 1 and ALF3 did not change when MrRelish was knocked down. These results indicate that MrRelish may play an important role in innate immune defense against V. anguillarum in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fu-Tong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jin-Ling Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Identification and molecular characterization of dorsal and dorsal-like genes in the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 3:319-27. [PMID: 26297599 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, knowledge of the immune system in aquatic invertebrates has been reported in only a few model organisms, even though all metazoans have an innate immune system. In particular, information on the copepod's immunity and the potential role of key genes in the innate immune systems is still unclear. In this study, we identified dorsal and dorsal-like genes in the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. In silico analyses for identifying conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships supported their gene annotations. The transcriptional levels of both genes were slightly increased from the nauplius to copepodid stages, suggesting that these genes are putatively involved in copepodid development of P. nana. To examine the involvement of both genes in the innate immune response and under stressful conditions, the copepods were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), different culture densities, salinities, and temperatures. LPS significantly upregulated mRNA expressions of dorsal and dorsal-like genes, suggesting that both genes are transcriptionally sensitive in response to immune modulators. Exposure to unfavorable culture conditions also increased mRNA levels of dorsal and dorsal-like genes. These findings suggest that transcriptional regulation of the dorsal and dorsal-like genes would be associated with environmental changes in P. nana.
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Martín-Gómez L, Villalba A, Kerkhoven RH, Abollo E. Role of microRNAs in the immunity process of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis against bonamiosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:40-50. [PMID: 25008434 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22nt) non-coding regulatory single strand RNA molecules that reduce stability and/or translation of sequence-complementary target. miRNAs are a key component of gene regulatory networks and have been involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Many miRNAs are broadly conserved among the animal lineages and even between invertebrates and vertebrates. The European flat oyster Ostrea edulis is highly susceptible to infection with Bonamia ostreae, an intracellular parasite able to survive and proliferate within oyster haemocytes. Mollusc haemocytes play a key role in the immune response of molluscs as main cellular effectors. The roles of miRNAs in the immune response of O. edulis to bonamiosis were analysed using a commercial microarray platform (miRCURY LNA™ v2, Exiqon) for miRNAs. Expression of miRNAs in haemocytes from oysters with different bonamiosis intensity was compared. Differential expression was detected in 63 and 76 miRNAs when comparing heavily-affected with non-affected oysters and with lightly-affected ones, respectively. Among them, 19 miRNAs are known to be linked to immune response, being responsible of proliferation and activation of macrophages, inflammation, apoptosis and/or oxidative damage, which is consistent with the modulation of their expression in oyster haemocytes due to bonamiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Aptdo 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain.
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Aptdo 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Ron H Kerkhoven
- Central Microarray Facility, NKI (The Netherlands Cancer Institute), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira Abollo
- Fundación CETMAR - Centro Tecnológico del Mar, Eduardo Cabello s/n., 36208 Vigo, Spain
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22
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Zahoor Z, Lockyer AE, Davies AJ, Kirk RS, Emery AM, Rollinson D, Jones CS, Noble LR, Walker AJ. Differences in the gene expression profiles of haemocytes from schistosome-susceptible and -resistant biomphalaria glabrata exposed to Schistosoma mansoni excretory-secretory products. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93215. [PMID: 24663063 PMCID: PMC3963999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During its life cycle, the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni uses the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata as an intermediate host to reproduce asexually generating cercariae for infection of the human definitive host. Following invasion of the snail, the parasite develops from a miracidium to a mother sporocyst and releases excretory-secretory products (ESPs) that likely influence the outcome of host infection. To better understand molecular interactions between these ESPs and the host snail defence system, we determined gene expression profiles of haemocytes from S. mansoni-resistant or -susceptible strains of B. glabrata exposed in vitro to S. mansoni ESPs (20 μg/ml) for 1 h, using a 5K B. glabrata cDNA microarray. Ninety-eight genes were found differentially expressed between haemocytes from the two snail strains, 57 resistant specific and 41 susceptible specific, 60 of which had no known homologue in GenBank. Known differentially expressed resistant-snail genes included the nuclear factor kappa B subunit Relish, elongation factor 1α, 40S ribosomal protein S9, and matrilin; known susceptible-snail specific genes included cathepsins D and L, and theromacin. Comparative analysis with other gene expression studies revealed 38 of the 98 identified genes to be uniquely differentially expressed in haemocytes in the presence of ESPs, thus identifying for the first time schistosome ESPs as important molecules that influence global snail host-defence cell gene expression profiles. Such immunomodulation may benefit the schistosome, enabling its survival and successful development in the snail host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Zahoor
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Lockyer
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Angela J. Davies
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth S. Kirk
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan M. Emery
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Rollinson
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. Jones
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie R. Noble
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Walker
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Kim BM, Jeong CB, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Transcriptional profiles of Rel/NF-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two Vibrio sp.-exposed intertidal copepod, Tigriopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 42:229-239. [PMID: 24096153 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The immune system and the role of immunity-related genes have rarely been studied in copepods, even though copepods have a primitive immune response system and also have a potential in pathogen transport higher trophic levels. In this study, we firstly cloned and characterized three core immune genes such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) genes in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Several in silico analyses based on conserved domains, motifs, and phylogenetic relationships were supporting their annotations. To investigate the immune-related role of three genes, we exposed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two Vibrio sp. to T. japonicus. After exposure of different concentrations of LPS and two Vibrio sp., transcripts of TJ-IκB and TJ-LITAF genes were significantly elevated during the time course in a dose-dependent manner, while TJ-NF-κB transcripts were not significantly changed during exposure. These findings demonstrated that the copepod T. japonicus has a conserved immunity against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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24
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Zhang Y, He X, Yu F, Xiang Z, Li J, Thorpe KL, Yu Z. Characteristic and functional analysis of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the lophotrocozoan, Crassostrea gigas, reveals ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76464. [PMID: 24098508 PMCID: PMC3788107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of TLR-mediated innate immunity is a fundamental question in immunology. Here, we report the characterization and functional analysis of four TLR members in the lophotrochozoans Crassostreagigas (CgTLRs). All CgTLRs bear a conserved domain organization and have a close relationship with TLRs in ancient non-vertebrate chordates. In HEK293 cells, every CgTLR could constitutively activate NF-κB responsive reporter, but none of the PAMPs tested could stimulate CgTLR-activated NF-κB induction. Subcellular localization showed that CgTLR members have similar and dual distribution on late endosomes and plasma membranes. Moreover, CgTLRs and CgMyD88 mRNA show a consistent response to multiple PAMP challenges in oyster hemocytes. As CgTLR-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on CgMyD88, we designed a blocking peptide for CgTLR signaling that would inhibit CgTLR-CgMyD88 dependent NF-κB activation. This was used to demonstrate that a Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection-induced enhancement of degranulation and increase of cytokines TNF mRNA in hemocytes, could be inhibited by blocking CgTLR signaling. In summary, our study characterized the primitive TLRs in the lophotrocozoan C. gigas and demonstrated a fundamental role of TLR signaling in infection-induced hemocyte activation. This provides further evidence for an ancient origin of TLR-mediated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui He
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karen L. Thorpe
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zhou W, Hu Y, Sui Z, Fu F, Wang J, Chang L, Guo W, Li B. Genome survey sequencing and genetic background characterization of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) based on next-generation sequencing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69909. [PMID: 23875008 PMCID: PMC3713064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis has a high economic value and is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. Despite it is economic importance, it has remained largely unstudied at the genomic level. In this study, we conducted a genome survey of Gp. lemaneiformis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. In total, 18.70 Gb of high-quality sequence data with an estimated genome size of 97 Mb were obtained by HiSeq 2000 sequencing for Gp. lemaneiformis. These reads were assembled into 160,390 contigs with a N50 length of 3.64 kb, which were further assembled into 125,685 scaffolds with a total length of 81.17 Mb. Genome analysis predicted 3490 genes and a GC% content of 48%. The identified genes have an average transcript length of 1,429 bp, an average coding sequence size of 1,369 bp, 1.36 exons per gene, exon length of 1,008 bp, and intron length of 191 bp. From the initial assembled scaffold, transposable elements constituted 54.64% (44.35 Mb) of the genome, and 7737 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. Among these SSRs, the trinucleotide repeat type was the most abundant (up to 73.20% of total SSRs), followed by the di- (17.41%), tetra- (5.49%), hexa- (2.90%), and penta- (1.00%) nucleotide repeat type. These characteristics suggest that Gp. lemaneiformis is a model organism for genetic study. This is the first report of genome-wide characterization within this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Feng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianpeng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Wu SZ, Huang XD, Li Q, He MX. Interleukin-17 in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata): molecular cloning and functional characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1050-1056. [PMID: 23357025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-17 from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, one of mollusk, was identified and characterized, and its genomic structure and promoter were analyzed. The full-length cDNA of P. fucata IL-17 (PfIL-17) is 907 bp with an open reading frame of 585 bp encoding a putative protein of 194 amino acids. The deduced PfIL-17 contains a 19 amino acid signal peptide and a conserved IL-17 domain. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PfIL-17 has lower similarity with other invertebrate IL-17 and was clustered with CgIL-17, but not clustered with other invertebrate IL-17. Gene expression analysis indicated that PfIL-17 took part in the immune response to LPS and poly(I:C) stimulation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PfIL-17 could active vertebrate target genes containing the NF-κB binding site and involve NF-κB signal pathway in HEK293 cells. Combined with the results mentioned above, it is suggested that PfIL-17 might involve and activate NF-κB signal pathway against extracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Zeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
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27
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Huang XD, Liu WG, Wang Q, Zhao M, Wu SZ, Guan YY, Shi Y, He MX. Molecular characterization of interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF-2) homolog in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1279-1286. [PMID: 23422814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) control many facets of the innate and adaptive immune responses, regulate the development of the immune system itself and involve in reproduction and morphogenesis. In the present study, the IRF-2 homology gene, PfIRF-2 from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata was cloned and its genomic structure and promoter were analyzed. PfIRF-2 encodes a putative protein of 350 amino acids, and contains a highly conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a variable C-terminal regulatory domain. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PfIRF-2 shared a relatively higher identity with other mollusk but relatively lower identity with vertebrate IRF-2, and was clustered with IRF-1 subfamily composed of IRF-2 and IRF-1. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that PfIRF-2 involved in the immune response to LPS and poly(I:C) stimulation. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the expressed PfIRF-2 was translocated into the nucleus and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that PfIRF-2 could involved and activate interferon signaling or NF-κB signal pathway in HEK293 cells. The study of PfIRF-2 may help better understand the innate immune in mollusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-De Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
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28
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Liu WG, Huang XD, Wang Q, Zhao M, Wu SZ, He MX. Gene cloning and function analysis of cytokine-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:849-854. [PMID: 23333361 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family acts as a negative regulator of cytokine receptor signaling to control excessive cytokine effects and inhibit a variety of signal transduction pathways, particularly the Janus kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. In present study, SOCS-2 homolog (PfSOCS-2) from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata was cloned and its gene has no intron. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis showed that PfSOCS-2 was clustered with other mollusk SOCS-2. LPS or polyI:C challenge and gene expression analysis revealed that PfSOCS-2 involved the innate immune response against bacterial and viral infections and that induction of PfSOCS-2 was varied with the different challenge stimulations. Furthermore, Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PfSOCS-2 involved in the regulation of vertebrate target genes containing the IFN-stimulated response element or NF-κB binding site in vitro. These results indicated that SOCS-2 from P. fucata plays a regulatory role against the stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
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