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Fabri-Ruiz S, Berdalet E, Ulses C, Somot S, Vila M, Lemée R, Irisson JO. Harmful Ostreopsis cf. ovata blooms could extend in time span with climate change in the Western Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174726. [PMID: 39002574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Fast environmental changes and high coastal human pressures and impacts threaten the Mediterranean Sea. Over the last decade, recurrent blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata have been recorded in many Mediterranean beaches. These microalgae produce toxins that affect marine organisms and human health. Understanding the environmental conditions that influence the appearance and magnitude of O. cf. ovata blooms, as well as how climate change will modify its future distribution and dynamics, is crucial for predicting and managing their effects. This study investigates whether the spatio-temporal distribution of this microalga and the frequency of its blooms could be altered in future climate change scenarios in the Mediterranean Western basin. For the first time, an ecological habitat model (EHM) is forced by physico-chemical climate change simulations at high-resolution, under the strong greenhouse gas emission trajectory (RCP8.5). It allows to characterize how O. cf. ovata may respond to projected conditions and how its distribution could shift over a wide spatial scale, in this plausible future. Before being applied to the EHM, future climate simulations are further refined by using a statistical adaptation method (Cumulative Distribution Function transform) to improve the predictions robustness. Temperature (optimum 23-26 °C), high salinity (>38 psu) and high inorganic nutrient concentrations (nitrate >0.25 mmol N·m-3 and phosphate >0.035 mmol P·m-3) drive O. cf. ovata abundances. High spatial disparities in future abundances are observed. Namely, O. cf. ovata abundances could increase on the Mediterranean coasts of France, Spain and the Adriatic Sea while a decrease is expected in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The bloom period could be extended, starting earlier and continuing later in the year. From a methodological point of view, this study highlights best practices of EHMs in the context of climate change to identify sensitive areas for current and future harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fabri-Ruiz
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; DECOD, L'Institut Agro, IFREMER, INRAE, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - E Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ulses
- Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - S Somot
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - M Vila
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - J-O Irisson
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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Queiroga FR, Hegaret H, Carvalho WF, Naveira C, Rodrigues N, Santos FSD, Nascimento SM, Neves RAF. In vitro effects of the harmful benthic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata on immune responses of the farmed oyster Crassostrea gasar. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106503. [PMID: 38640692 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Oyster culture is a sustainable solution to food production. However, this activity can be severely impacted by the presence and proliferation of harmful microalgae such as the benthic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of P. hoffmannianum and O. cf. ovata on immune system cells (hemocytes) of the native cultured oyster Crassostrea gasar. The direct toxicity of both dinoflagellates was first evaluated assessing hemocyte viability exposed to eight concentrations of each HAB species. No reduction in hemocyte viability was found with the exposure to cell culture or the crude extract of P. hoffmannianum, but O. cf. ovata culture induced hemocyte death in a concentration-dependent manner. Ostreopsis cf. ovata concentration that promoted half of maximal reduction in hemocyte viability (EC50) was 779 cells mL-1. Posteriorly, hemocytes were exposed to both dinoflagellate cells and crude extracts to investigate their effects on hemocyte functional parameters. Despite no direct toxicity of the dinoflagellate cells, P. hoffmannianum extract caused a threefold increase in ROS production and decreased the phagocytosis rate by less than half. Ostreopsis cf. ovata cells and crude extracts also triggered an increase in ROS production (two-fold), but the phagocytosis rate was reduced (by half) only in response to the two lower cell concentrations. These results indicate a harmful potential of both dinoflagellates through a direct toxicity (only for O. cf. ovata) and functional impairment of hemocytes (both species) which could expose C. gasar oyster to opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Hélène Hegaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Wanderson Fernandes Carvalho
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Naveira
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Nathália Rodrigues
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Silvia Mattos Nascimento
- Marine Microalgae Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
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Giuliani ME, Bacchiocchi S, Accoroni S, Siracusa M, Campacci D, Notarstefano V, Mezzelani M, Piersanti A, Totti C, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Subcellular effects and lipid metabolism alterations in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata fed on ovatoxins-contaminated mussels. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141413. [PMID: 38336037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine microalgae Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a well-known producer of palytoxin (PlTXs) analogues, i.e. ovatoxins (OVTXs) among others, which arouse concern for animal and human health. Both in field and laboratory studies, presence of OVTXs, detected in species directly feeding on O. cf. ovata, was frequently correlated with impairment on organisms' physiology, development and behaviour, while similar knowledge is still lacking for animals feeding on contaminated preys. In this study, transfer and toxicity of OVTXs were evaluated in an exposure experiment, in which gilthead seabream Sparus aurata was fed with bivalve mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated by a toxic strain of O. cf. ovata. Mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata for 21 days accumulated meanly 188 ± 13 μg/kg OVTXs in the whole tissues. Seabreams fed with OVTX-contaminated mussels started to reject the food after 6 days of contaminated diet. Although no detectable levels of OVTXs were measured in muscle, liver, gills and gastro-intestinal tracts, the OVTX-enriched diet induced alterations of lipid metabolism in seabreams livers, displaying a decreased content of total lipid and fatty acid, together with overexpression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, downregulation of β-oxidation genes and modulation of several genes related to lipid transport and regulation. Results from this study would suggest the hypothesis that OVTXs produced by O. cf. ovata may not be subject to bioaccumulation in fish fed on contaminated preys, being however responsible of significant biological effects, with important implications for human consumption of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Debora Campacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Uribe E, Álvarez G, Cárcamo C, Díaz PA, Rengel J, Blanco J. First report of epiphytic dinoflagellate Coolia malayensis (Dinophyceae) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:725-737. [PMID: 37232027 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coolia species are epiphytic and benthic dinoflagellates with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. In the austral summer of 2016, during a survey in Bahía Calderilla, a dinoflagellate of the genus Coolia was detected in macroalgae samples, and a clonal culture was established. Subsequently, the cultured cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and identified as C. malayensis based on their morphological characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU rDNA D1/D2 regions confirmed that strain D005-1 corresponded to C. malayensis and clustered with strains isolated from New Zealand, Mexico, and Asia Pacific countries. Although the strain D005-1 culture did not contain yessotoxin (YTX), cooliatoxin, 44-methyl gambierone, or its analogs in detectable amounts by LC-MS/MS, more research is needed to evaluate its toxicity and to determine the possible impact of C. malayensis in northern Chilean waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Uribe
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Larrondo 1281, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | - Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i~mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - José Rengel
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Juan Blanco
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Pontevedra, Spain
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Berdalet E, Pavaux AS, Abós-Herràndiz R, Travers M, Appéré G, Vila M, Thomas J, de Haro L, Estrada M, Medina-Pérez NI, Viure L, Karlson B, Lemée R. Environmental, human health and socioeconomic impacts of Ostreopsis spp. Blooms in the NW Mediterranean. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 119:102320. [PMID: 36344192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the research conducted by the partners of the EU co-funded CoCliME project to ascertain the ecological, human health and economic impacts of Ostreopsis (mainly O. cf. ovata) blooms in the NW Mediterranean coasts of France, Monaco and Spain. This knowledge is necessary to design strategies to prevent, mitigate and, if necessary, adapt to the impacts of these events in the future and in other regions. Ostreopsis proliferations in the Mediterranean have been related to massive mortalities of benthic organisms and to symptoms of respiratory and cutaneous irritation in humans. A six-year epidemiologic study in a Ostreopsis hot spot in Catalonia and the accumulated experience of the French Mediterranean National Ostreopsis Surveillance Network confirm the main effects of these blooms on human health in the NW Mediterranean. The impacts are associated to direct exposure to seawater with high Ostreopsis cell concentrations and to inhalation of aerosols containing unknown irritative chemicals produced under certain circumstances during the blooms. A series of mild acute symptoms, affecting the entire body as well as the ophthalmic, digestive, respiratory and dermatologic systems have been identified. A main remaining challenge is to ascertain the effects of the chronic exposure to toxic Ostreopsis blooms. Still, the mechanisms involved in the deletereous effects of Ostreopsis blooms are poorly understood. Characterizing the chemical nature of the harmful compounds synthesized by Ostreopsis as well as the role of the mucus by which cells attach to benthic surfaces, requires new technical approaches (e.g., metabolomics) and realistic and standardized ecotoxicology tests. It is also necessary to investigate how palytoxin analogues produced by O. cf. ovata could be transferred through the marine food webs, and to evaluate the real risk of seafood poisonings in the area. On the other hand, the implementation of beach monitoring and surveillance systems in the summer constitutes an effective strategy to prevent the impacts of Ostreopsis on human health. In spite of the confirmed noxious effects, a survey of tourists and residents in Nice and Monaco to ascertain the socioeconomic costs of Ostreopsis blooms indicated that the occurrence of these events and their impacts are poorly known by the general public. In relationship with a plausible near future increase of Ostreopsis blooms in the NW Mediterranean coast, this survey showed that a substantial part of the population might continue to go to the beaches during Ostreopsis proliferations and thus could be exposed to health risks. In contrast, some people would not visit the affected areas, with the potential subsequent negative impacts on coastal recreational and touristic activities. However, at this stage, it is too early to accurately assess all the economic impacts that a potentially increasing frequency and biogeographic expansion of the events might cause in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain.
| | - Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université - CNRS, UMR 7093, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France
| | - Rafael Abós-Herràndiz
- Departament de la Salut, Institut Català de la Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Muriel Travers
- LEMNA, Institute of Economics and Management of Nantes, Nantes University, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 52231, Cedex 3, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Gildas Appéré
- GRANEM, Faculty of Law, Economics and Management, University of Angers, 13 allée François Mitterrand, BP 13633, CEDEX 01, Angers 49036, France
| | - Magda Vila
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- LEMNA, Institute of Economics and Management of Nantes, Nantes University, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 52231, Cedex 3, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Luc de Haro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Poison Control Centre, APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Marta Estrada
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Laia Viure
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and Development, Oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université - CNRS, UMR 7093, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France
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Álvarez EA, Klemm K, Hoppenrath M, Cembella A, John U, Karlson B. Temporal and spatial distribution of epibenthic dinoflagellates in the Kattegat-Skagerrak, NE Atlantic-Focus on Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102318. [PMID: 36195412 PMCID: PMC9580043 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epibenthic dinoflagellates occur globally and include many toxin-producing species of concern to human health and benthic ecosystem function. Such benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) have been well described from tropical and sub-tropical coastal environments, but assessments from north temperate waters, e.g., northern Europe, and polar regions are scarce. The present study addressed the biodiversity and distribution of potentially toxic epibenthic dinoflagellate populations along the west coast of Sweden (Kattegat-Skagerrak) by morphological and molecular criteria. Morphological analysis conducted by light- and electron-microscopy was then linked by DNA barcoding of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene sequences to interpret taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. The presence of two potentially toxigenic epibenthic dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) F.Stein and Coolia monotis Meunier was confirmed, along with a description of their spatial and temporal distribution. For P. lima, one third of the cell abundance values exceeded official alarm thresholds for potentially toxic BHAB events (>1000 cells gr-1 of macroalgae fresh weight). The same species were recorded consecutively for two summers, but without significant temporal variation in cell densities. SEM analyses confirmed the presence of other benthic Prorocentrum species: P. fukuyoi complex, P. cf. foraminosum and P. cf. hoffmannianum. Analyses of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene also indicated the presence P. compressum, P. hoffmannianum, P. foraminosum, P. fukuyoi, and P. nanum. These findings provide the first biogeographical evidence of toxigenic benthic dinoflagellates along the west coast of Sweden, in the absence of ongoing monitoring to include epibenthic dinoflagellates. Harmful events due to the presence of Coolia at shellfish aquaculture sites along the Kattegat-Skagerrak are likely to be rather marginal because C. monotis is not known to be toxigenic. In any case, as a preliminary assessment, the results highlight the risk of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events caused by P. lima, which may affect the development and sustainability of shellfish aquaculture in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alabarces Álvarez
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and Development, Oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Klemm
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB) Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Allan Cembella
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Ammerländer Heersstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and Development, Oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden.
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Lee S, Moon SJ, Yoo YD, Hwang BS, Jeong EJ, Rho JR. Ovataline: A Polyketide Isolated from the Benthic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata with 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity in RWPE-1 Prostatic Cells. Org Lett 2022; 24:4182-4186. [PMID: 35658491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ovataline (1), which is a polar metabolite containing a hexahydroquinoline moiety, was isolated from cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. 1 was characterized as a zwitterionic compound with hexahydroquinoline and tetrahydropyran rings. The configurations of the chiral centers in 1 were established using ROESY correlations, J-based configurational and Mosher reaction analyses, and density functional theory calculations. 1 exhibited a 78% (1 μM) inhibition of type II 5α-reductase in testosterone propionate-induced RWPE-1 human prostatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbum Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Moon
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Su Hwang
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
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de la Ballina NR, Maresca F, Cao A, Villalba A. Bivalve Haemocyte Subpopulations: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826255. [PMID: 35464425 PMCID: PMC9024128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs stand out for their ecological success and their key role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, while also constituting a very valuable commercial resource. Both ecological success and production of bivalves depend on their effective immune defence function, in which haemocytes play a central role acting as both the undertaker of the cellular immunity and supplier of the humoral immunity. Bivalves have different types of haemocytes, which perform different functions. Hence, identification of cell subpopulations and their functional characterisation in immune responses is essential to fully understand the immune system in bivalves. Nowadays, there is not a unified nomenclature that applies to all bivalves. Characterisation of bivalve haemocyte subpopulations is often combined with 1) other multiple parameter assays to determine differences between cell types in immune-related physiological activities, such as phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis; and 2) immune response to different stressors such as pathogens, temperature, acidification and pollution. This review summarises the major and most recent findings in classification and functional characterisation of the main haemocyte types of bivalve molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R. de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Francesco Maresca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Sines, Portugal
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio Villalba,
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Ecotoxicological Impact of the Marine Toxin Palytoxin on the Micro-Crustacean Artemia franciscana. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020081. [PMID: 35200611 PMCID: PMC8879372 DOI: 10.3390/md20020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Palytoxin (PLTX) is a highly toxic polyether identified in various marine organisms, such as Palythoa soft corals, Ostreopsis dinoflagellates, and Trichodesmium cyanobacteria. In addition to adverse effects in humans, negative impacts on different marine organisms have been often described during Ostreopsis blooms and the concomitant presence of PLTX and its analogues. Considering the increasing frequency of Ostreopsis blooms due to global warming, PLTX was investigated for its effects on Artemia franciscana, a crustacean commonly used as a model organism for ecotoxicological studies. At concentrations comparable to those detected in culture media of O. cf. ovata (1.0–10.0 nM), PLTX significantly reduced cysts hatching and induced significant mortality of the organisms, both at larval and adult stages. Adults appeared to be the most sensitive developmental stage to PLTX: significant mortality was recorded after only 12 h of exposure to PLTX concentrations > 1.0 nM, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 2.3 nM (95% confidence interval = 1.2–4.7 nM). The toxic effects of PLTX toward A. franciscana adults seem to involve oxidative stress induction. Indeed, the toxin significantly increased ROS levels and altered the activity of the major antioxidant enzymes, in particular catalase and peroxidase, and marginally glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. On the whole, these results indicate that environmentally relevant concentrations of PLTX could have a negative effect on Artemia franciscana population, suggesting its potential ecotoxicological impact at the marine level.
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Faustino LS, Queiroga FR, Hégaret H, Marques-Santos LF, Neves RAF, Nascimento S, da Silva PM. Effects of the toxic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum lima and Ostreopsis cf. ovata on immune responses of cultured oysters Crassostrea gasar. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105846. [PMID: 34000566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oyster production in Brazil has been highlighted as an important economic activity and is directly impacted by the quality of the environment, which is largely the result of human interference and climate change. Harmful algal blooms occur in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, including coastal marine environments which have been increasing over the last decades as a result of global change and anthropogenic activities. In this study, the native oysters Crassostrea gasar from Northeast of Brazil were exposed to two toxic benthic dinoflagellate species, Prorocentrum lima and Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Their respective effects on C. gasar physiology and defense mechanisms were investigated. Oyster hemocytes were first exposed in vitro to different concentrations of both dinoflagellate species to assess their effects on hemocyte functions, such as phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, as well as mortality. Results highlighted an alteration of hemocyte phagocytosis and viability in presence of O. cf. ovata, whereas P. lima did not affect the measured hemocyte functions. In a second experiment, oysters were exposed for 4 days in vivo to toxic culture of O. cf. ovata to assess its effects on hemocyte parameters, tissues damages and pathogenic Perkinsus spp. infection. An increase in hemocyte mortality was also observed in vivo, associated with a decrease of ROS production. Histopathological analyses demonstrated a thinning of the epithelium of the digestive tubules of the digestive gland, inflammatory reaction and a significant increase in the level of infection by Perkinsus spp. in oysters exposed to O. cf. ovata. These results indicate that oysters C. gasar seem to be pretty resilient to an exposure to P. lima and may be more susceptible to O. cf. ovata. Furthermore, the latter clearly impaired oyster physiology and defense mechanisms, thus highlighting that harmful algal blooms of O. cf. ovata could potentially lead to increased susceptibility of C. gasar oysters to parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucemberg Sales Faustino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Marine Invertebrates (LABIPI), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Marine Invertebrates (LABIPI), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Faculdade de Enfermagem Nova Esperança (FACENE), CEP 58067-695, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Luis Fernando Marques-Santos
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory (LABID), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Nascimento
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Marine Invertebrates (LABIPI), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Lounas R, Kasmi H, Chernai S, Amarni N, Hamdi B. Dynamics of the genus Ostreopsis (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) in a Mediterranean fish farm. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:333. [PMID: 33970342 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed the dynamics of the genus Ostreopsis in the south-western Mediterranean Sea fish farm during the 2016 and 2017 summers. This phytoplankton is known to produce palytoxin-like compounds, listed among the most potent marine toxins known, and can pose a serious concern for humans in the Mediterranean area. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained the significance of temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the proliferation of this toxic dinoflagellate. The peak of the Ostreopsis sp. (6.34 × 103 cells L-1) was recorded at 28.4 °C, at a salinity of 38.3 PSU, and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen had a value of 0.60 μmol L-1. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the proliferation of this harmful dinoflagellate in southern Mediterranean waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryhane Lounas
- Laboratory of Conservation and Valorization of Marine Resources, National Higher School of Marine Science and Coastal Management (ENSSMAL), University Campus of Dely Ibrahim, Bois des Cars, 16320, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hamza Kasmi
- Sécurité de Convoyage de Fonds Et de Produits Sensibles Et/Ou Dangereux, SGS Centre, Bois des cars III Villa n°96 Dely-Ibrahim, 16320, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Safia Chernai
- Laboratory of Conservation and Valorization of Marine Resources, National Higher School of Marine Science and Coastal Management (ENSSMAL), University Campus of Dely Ibrahim, Bois des Cars, 16320, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadia Amarni
- Laboratory of Conservation and Valorization of Marine Resources, National Higher School of Marine Science and Coastal Management (ENSSMAL), University Campus of Dely Ibrahim, Bois des Cars, 16320, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Boualem Hamdi
- Laboratory of Conservation and Valorization of Marine Resources, National Higher School of Marine Science and Coastal Management (ENSSMAL), University Campus of Dely Ibrahim, Bois des Cars, 16320, Algiers, Algeria
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Zingone A, Escalera L, Aligizaki K, Fernández-Tejedor M, Ismael A, Montresor M, Mozetič P, Taş S, Totti C. Toxic marine microalgae and noxious blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: A contribution to the Global HAB Status Report. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 102:101843. [PMID: 33875177 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We review the spatial distribution of toxic marine microalgal species and the impacts of all types of harmful algal events (Harmful Algal Blooms, HABs) in the Mediterranean Sea (MS), including the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, coastal lagoons and transitional waters, based on two databases compiled in the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Eighty-four potentially toxic species have been detected in the MS (2,350 records), of which 16 described from these waters between 1860 and 2014 and a few suspected to have been introduced. More than half of these species (46) produce toxins that may affect human health, the remainders ichthyotoxic substances (29) or other types of toxins (9). Nevertheless, toxicity-related events are not frequent in the MS (308 records in 31 years), and mainly consist of impacts on aquaculture, caused by the dinoflagellates Dinophysis and Alexandrium, along with a few actual shellfish poisoning cases. Pseudo-nitzschia blooms are widespread, but domoic acid in shellfish rarely exceeds regulatory levels. Fish kills are probably less sporadic than reported, representing a problem at a few places along the southern MS coasts and in the Ebro River Delta. Since the last decade of the 20th century, blooms of the benthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis cf. ovata have regularly occurred all along rocky shores of the MS, at times with human health problems caused by toxic aerosol. New records of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa, until now reported for the westernmost and easternmost MS coasts, raise concerns about the risk of ciguatera, a syndrome so far known only for subtropical and tropical areas. Recent discoveries are the dinoflagellates Vulcanodinium rugosum, responsible for the presence of pinnatoxins in French lagoons' shellfish, and the azaspiracid-producers Azadinium spp. Mucilages and discolorations have a major impact on tourism in summer. Reports of toxic species and HABs have apparently increased in the MS over the last half century, which is likely related to the increased awareness and monitoring operations rather than to an actual increase of these phenomena. Indeed, while the case of Ostreopsis appears as a sudden upsurge rather than a trend, no actual increase of toxic or noxious events has so far emerged in intensively studied areas, such as the French and Spanish coasts or the Adriatic Sea. Moreover, some cases of decrease are reported, e.g., for Alexandrium minutum blooms disappearing from the Harbour of Alexandria. Overall, main HAB risks derive from cases of massive development of microalgal biomass and consequent impacts of reduced coastal water quality on tourism, which represents the largest part of the marine economy along the MS coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Zingone
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Escalera
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Katerina Aligizaki
- Laboratory Unit for Harmful Marine Microalgae, Biology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Amany Ismael
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 2151 Moharram Bey, Egypt.
| | - Marina Montresor
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patricija Mozetič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biological Station Piran, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Seyfettin Taş
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, University of Istanbul, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Varela AT, Neves RAF, Nascimento SM, Oliveira PJ, Pardal MA, Rodrigues ET, Moreno AJ. Exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108937. [PMID: 33171298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though marine dinoflagellates are important primary producers, many toxic species may alter the natural equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and even generate human intoxication incidents, as they are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms. In order to deepen the knowledge regarding benthic dinoflagellate adverse effects, the present study aims to clarify the influence of Gambierdiscus excentricus strain UNR-08, Ostreopsis cf. ovata strain UNR-03 and Prorocentrum lima strain UNR-01 crude extracts on rat mitochondrial energetic function and permeability transition pore (mPTP) induction. Our results, expressed in number of dinoflagellate cell toxic compounds tested in a milligram of mitochondrial protein, revealed that 934 cells mg prot-1 of G. excentricus, and 7143 cells mg prot-1 of both O. cf. ovata and P. lima negatively affect mitochondrial function, including by decreasing ATP synthesis-related membrane potential variations. Moreover, considerably much lower concentrations of dinoflagellate extracts (117 cells mg prot-1 of G. excentricus, 1429 cells mg prot-1 of O. cf. ovata and 714 cells mg prot-1 of P. lima) produced mPTP-induced swelling in Ca2+-loaded isolated mitochondria. The present study clearly demonstrates the toxicity of G. excentricus, O. cf. ovata and P. lima extracts at the mitochondrial level, which may lead to mitochondrial failure and consequent cell toxicity, and that G. excentricus always provide much more severe effects than O. cf. ovata and P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Varela
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - António J Moreno
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Mezzelani M, Nardi A, Bernardini I, Milan M, Peruzza L, d'Errico G, Fattorini D, Gorbi S, Patarnello T, Regoli F. Environmental pharmaceuticals and climate change: The case study of carbamazepine in M. galloprovincialis under ocean acidification scenario. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106269. [PMID: 33248345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern and ocean changes are key environmental stressors for marine species with possibly synergistic, but still unexplored, deleterious effects. In the present study the influence of a simulated ocean acidification scenario (pH = 7.6) was investigated on metabolism and sub-lethal effects of carbamazepine, CBZ (1 µg/L), chosen as one of the most widely diffused pharmaceuticals in marine organisms. A multidisciplinary approach was applied on mussels, M. galloprovincialis, integrating measurement of drug bioaccumulation with changes in the whole transcriptome, responsiveness of various biochemical and cellular biomarkers including immunological parameters, lipid and oxidative metabolism, onset of genotoxic effects. Chemical analyses revealed a limited influence of hypercapnia on accumulation and excretion of CBZ, while a complex network of biological responses was observed in gene expression profile and functional changes at cellular level. The modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway suggested similarities with the Mechanism of Action known for vertebrates: immune responses, cellular homeostasis and oxidative system represented the processes targeted by combined stressors. The overall elaboration of results through a quantitative Weight of Evidence model, revealed clearly increased cellular hazard due to interactions of CBZ with acidification compared to single stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche (60131), Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche (60131), Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy
| | - Luca Peruzza
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche (60131), Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche (60131), Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche (60131), Ancona, Italy
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche (60131), Ancona, Italy.
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15
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Leite IDP, Sandrini-Neto L, Squella FL, Alves TP, Schramm MA, Calado SLDM, Silva de Assis HC, Mafra LL. Toxin accumulation, detoxification and oxidative stress in bivalve (Anomalocardia flexuosa) exposed to the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 232:105738. [PMID: 33465619 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prorocentrum lima is a cosmopolitan benthic dinoflagellate capable of producing the diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin (DTX). These compounds may cause oxidative stress and accumulate in bivalve tissues, which become vectors of intoxication to human consumers. We investigated DST accumulation, detoxification and oxidative stress biomarkers in clams (Anomalocardia flexuosa) experimentally exposed to P. lima cells or their compounds. Experimental diets consisted of 6000 cells mL-1 of the non-toxic chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp. (C; control condition), and combinations of C with 10 P. lima cells mL-1 (T10), 100 P. lima cells mL-1 (T100), or to a toxin concentration of ∼4 μg OA L-1 and ∼0.65 μg DTX-1 L-1 (T100d). Clams were exposed to these diets for 7 days (uptake phase), followed by a 7-day depuration period. No DSTs were detected in clams exposed to treatments C (control) nor to T100d (dissolved compounds) during either uptake or detoxification phase. Conversely, clams exposed to T10 or T100 accumulated, on average, up to 2.5 and 35 μg DST kg-1 in their whole bodies at the end of the uptake phase. These concentrations are ∼64 and ∼4.5 times lower than the regulatory level of 160 μg OA kg-1, respectively. Accumulated OA quotas were 12-22 times higher in the digestive gland (DG) than in remaining tissues over the uptake phase. Quick toxin transformation was indicated by the early detection of conjugated compounds - DTX-1 and OA esters - in the DG after 6 h of exposure, with OA-ester representing the main compound (30 - 100 %) in that tissue over the experiment. During the depuration period, detoxification rates represented 0.024 h-1, 0.04 h-1 and 0.052 h-1 for OA, DTX-1 and OA-ester, respectively. The activities of catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and the levels of oxidative stress by lipoperoxidation varied similarly in the DG of A. flexuosa individuals subjected to T100, T100d and the control condition. However, contrasting antioxidant responses were measured in those exposed to T10. These findings indicate that no oxidative stress was primarily induced by DST-producing dinoflagellates in this clam species under laboratory conditions representative of toxic bloom situations. Even though, possible interactions should be considered under multistressor scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel do Prado Leite
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, P.O. Box: 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Sandrini-Neto
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, P.O. Box: 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lagreze Squella
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, P.O. Box: 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pereira Alves
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Av. Ver. Abraão João Francisco, 3899, Ressacada, Itajaí, SC, 88307-303, Brazil
| | - Mathias Alberto Schramm
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Av. Ver. Abraão João Francisco, 3899, Ressacada, Itajaí, SC, 88307-303, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Luiz Laureno Mafra
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, P.O. Box: 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil
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16
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Cole M, Liddle C, Consolandi G, Drago C, Hird C, Lindeque PK, Galloway TS. Microplastics, microfibres and nanoplastics cause variable sub-lethal responses in mussels (Mytilus spp.). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111552. [PMID: 32861936 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We compare the toxicity of microplastics, microfibres and nanoplastics on mussels. Mussels (Mytilus spp.) were exposed to 500 ng mL-1 of 20 μm polystyrene microplastics, 10 × 30 μm polyamide microfibres or 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics for 24 h or 7 days. Biomarkers of immune response, oxidative stress response, lysosomal destabilisation and genotoxic damage were measured in haemolymph, digestive gland and gills. Microplastics and microfibres were observed in the digestive glands, with significantly higher plastic concentrations after 7-days exposure (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Nanoplastics had a significant effect on hyalinocyte-granulocyte ratios (ANOVA, P < 0.05), indicative of a heightened immune response. SOD activity was significantly increased followed 24 h exposure to plastics (two-way ANOVA, P < 0.05), but returned to normal levels after 7-days exposure. No evidence of lysosomal destabilisation or genotoxic damage was observed from any form of plastic. The study highlights how particle size is a key factor in plastic particulate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cole
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Corin Liddle
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Consolandi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; School of Environment, Geography and Geoscience, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Drago
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cameron Hird
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope K Lindeque
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Effects of substratum and depth on benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11251. [PMID: 32647125 PMCID: PMC7347539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microhabitats influence the distribution and abundance of benthic harmful dinoflagellate (BHAB) species. Currently, much of the information on the relationships between BHABs and microhabitat preferences is based on non-quantitative anecdotal observations, many of which are contradictory. The goal of this study was to better quantify BHAB and microhabitat relationships using a statistically rigorous approach. Between April 2016 to May 2017, a total of 243 artificial substrate samplers were deployed at five locations in the Perhentian Islands, Malaysia while simultaneous photo-quadrat surveys were performed to characterize the benthic substrates present at each sampling site. The screen samplers were retrieved 24 h later and the abundances of five BHAB genera, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Coolia, Amphidinium, and Prorocentrum were determined. Substrate data were then analyzed using a Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix to statistically identify distinct microhabitat types. Although BHABs were associated with a variety of biotic and abiotic substrates, the results of this study demonstrated differing degrees of microhabitat preference. Analysis of the survey results using canonical correspondence analysis explained 70.5% (horizontal first axis) and 21.6% (vertical second axis) of the constrained variation in the distribution of various genera among microhabitat types. Prorocentrum and Coolia appear to have the greatest range being broadly distributed among a wide variety of microhabitats. Amphidinium was always found in low abundances and was widely distributed among microhabitats dominated by hard coral, turf algae, sand and silt, and fleshy algae and reached the highest abundances there. Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis had more restricted distributions. Gambierdiscus were found preferentially associated with turf algae, hard coral and, to a lesser extent, fleshy macroalgae microhabitats. Ostreopsis, almost always more abundant than Gambierdiscus, preferred the same microhabitats as Gambierdiscus and were found in microbial mats as well. With similar habitat preferences Ostreopsis may serve as an indicator organism for the presence of Gambierdiscus. This study provides insight into how BHAB-specific microhabitat preferences can affect toxicity risks.
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Lassudrie M, Hégaret H, Wikfors GH, da Silva PM. Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103660. [PMID: 32145294 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves were long thought to be "symptomless carriers" of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. In the past three decades, science has come to recognize that harmful algae and their toxins can be harmful to grazers, including bivalves. Indeed, studies have shown conclusively that some microalgal toxins function as active grazing deterrents. When responding to marine Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events, bivalves can reject toxic cells to minimize toxin and bioactive extracellular compound (BEC) exposure, or ingest and digest cells, incorporating nutritional components and toxins. Several studies have reported modulation of bivalve hemocyte variables in response to HAB exposure. Hemocytes are specialized cells involved in many functions in bivalves, particularly in immunological defense mechanisms. Hemocytes protect tissues by engulfing or encapsulating living pathogens and repair tissue damage caused by injury, poisoning, and infections through inflammatory processes. The effects of HAB exposure observed on bivalve cellular immune variables have raised the question of possible effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. As science has described a previously unrecognized diversity in microalgal bioactive substances, and also found a growing list of infectious diseases in bivalves, episodic reports of interactions between harmful algae and disease in bivalves have been published. Only recently, studies directed to understand the physiological and metabolic bases of these interactions have been undertaken. This review compiles evidence from studies of harmful algal effects upon bivalve shellfish that establishes a framework for recent efforts to understand how harmful algae can alter infectious disease, and particularly the fundamental role of cellular immunity, in modulating these interactions. Experimental studies reviewed here indicate that HABs can modulate bivalve-pathogen interactions in various ways, either by increasing bivalve susceptibility to disease or conversely by lessening infection proliferation or transmission. Alteration of immune defense and global physiological distress caused by HAB exposure have been the most frequent reasons identified for these effects on disease. Only few studies, however, have addressed these effects so far and a general pattern cannot be established. Other mechanisms are likely involved but are under-studied thus far and will need more attention in the future. In particular, the inhibition of bivalve filtration by HABs and direct interaction between HABs and infectious agents in the seawater likely interfere with pathogen transmission. The study of these interactions in the field and at the population level also are needed to establish the ecological and economical significance of the effects of HABs upon bivalve diseases. A more thorough understanding of these interactions will assist in development of more effective management of bivalve shellfisheries and aquaculture in oceans subjected to increasing HAB and disease pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Gary H Wikfors
- NOAA Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, CT, 0640, USA
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
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Neves RAF, Pardal MA, Nascimento SM, Oliveira PJ, Rodrigues ET. Screening-level evaluation of marine benthic dinoflagellates toxicity using mammalian cell lines. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110465. [PMID: 32199217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complementary studies at different levels of the biological organization are fundamental to fully link environmental exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins and their effects. In order to contribute to this transdisciplinary evaluation, and for the first time, the present study aims to study the effects of Gambierdiscus excentricus, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Prorocentrum lima extracts on seven functionally different mammalian cell lines: HEK 293, HepG2, HNDF, H9c2(2-1), MC3T3-E1, Raw 264.7 and SH-SY5Y. All the cell lines presented cell mass decrease in a concentration-dependence of dinoflagellate extracts, exhibiting marked differences in cell toxicity. Gambierdiscus excentricus presented the highest effect, at very low concentrations with EC50,24h (i.e., the concentration that gives half-maximal response after a 24-h exposure) between 1.3 and 13 cells mL-1, followed by O. cf. ovata (EC50,24h between 3.3 and 40 cells mL-1), and Prorocentrum species (P. lima: EC50,24h between 191 and 1027 cells mL-1 and P. hoffmannianum: EC50,24h between 152 and 783 cells mL-1). Cellular specificities were also detected and rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells were in general the most sensitive to dinoflagellate toxic compounds, suggesting that this cell line is an animal-free potential model for dinoflagellate toxin testing. Finally, the sensitivity of cells expressing distinct phenotypes to each dinoflagellate extract exhibited low relation to human poisoning symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Cen J, Cui L, Duan Y, Zhang H, Lin Y, Zheng J, Lu S. Effects of palytoxins extracted from Ostreopsis ovata on the oxidative stress and immune responses in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:670-678. [PMID: 31689553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Palytoxins (PLTXs) are a group of complex and poisonous marine natural products that are toxic to marine life and even human beings. In the present study, the oxidative stress and immune response in the hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei were assessed for 72 h after injection with PLTX extracts. Chemical and physiological parameters, e.g., the respiratory burst (O2-), activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage to lipids, carbonylation of proteins, and immune gene mRNA expression levels, were analysed. The results showed that the PLTX extract was not fatal to the shrimp but could reduce their mobility. The O2- levels in the gills gradually increased after exposure to PLTX extracts and were significantly higher than those in the control from 6 to 72 h. The malondialdehyde content, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and total antioxidant capacity in the gills all peaked at 12 h. At the same time, the gills were loosely connected, there was a clear disintegration of the epithelial tissue, and the stratum corneum disappeared after 12 h. In addition, compared to those in the control group, the PLTX extract treatment increased the O2- content, malondialdehyde content, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels from 12 to 72 h, 24-48 h, 12-24 h, and 12-72 h after injection in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp, respectively. Both the Crustin and Toll gene expression levels significantly increased in the hepatopancreas compared to those in the control 6-72 h after injection of the toxin. In parallel, the expression levels of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene gradually decreased from 6 to 48 h and returned to normal levels after 72 h. Interestingly, the total antioxidant capacity also significantly increased compared to that in the control from 6 to 72 h. Our results indicate that although PLTX extracts cause lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins in hepatopancreatic cells, leading to their damage, they did not cause a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yarou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algae Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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Biological Effects of the Azaspiracid-Producing Dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100595. [PMID: 31652521 PMCID: PMC6835248 DOI: 10.3390/md17100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine biotoxins including a variety of analogues. Recently, novel AZAs produced by the Mediterranean dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum were discovered (AZA-54, AZA-55, 3-epi-AZA-7, AZA-56, AZA-57 and AZA-58) and their biological effects have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to identify the biological responses (biomarkers) induced in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis after the bioaccumulation of AZAs from A. dexteroporum. Organisms were fed with A. dexteroporum for 21 days and subsequently subjected to a recovery period (normal diet) of 21 days. Exposed organisms accumulated AZA-54, 3-epi-AZA-7 and AZA-55, predominantly in the digestive gland. Mussels' haemocytes showed inhibition of phagocytosis activity, modulation of the composition of haemocytic subpopulation and damage to lysosomal membranes; the digestive tissue displayed thinned tubule walls, consumption of storage lipids and accumulation of lipofuscin. Slight genotoxic damage was also observed. No clear occurrence of oxidative stress and alteration of nervous activity was detected in AZA-accumulating mussels. Most of the altered parameters returned to control levels after the recovery phase. The toxic effects detected in M. galloprovincialis demonstrate a clear biological impact of the AZAs produced by A. dexteroporum, and could be used as early indicators of contamination associated with the ingestion of seafood.
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22
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Nardi A, Benedetti M, d'Errico G, Fattorini D, Regoli F. Effects of ocean warming and acidification on accumulation and cellular responsiveness to cadmium in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis: Importance of the seasonal status. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:171-179. [PMID: 30278354 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification could represent an additional threat to marine organisms already coping with other anthropogenic impacts, such as chemical contamination in coastal areas. In this study, interactions between such multiple stressors and their synergistic effects in terms of accumulation, detoxification and biological effects of metals were investigated in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Organisms sampled during the winter period were exposed for 28 days to different combinations of two temperatures (10 °C and 15 °C), two pH/pCO2 (8.20/∼400μatm and 7.4/∼3000μatm) and two cadmium concentrations (0 and 20 μg/L). Cadmium concentrations increased in digestive glands and gills of metal-exposed mussels and were further enhanced by co-exposure at higher temperature. Interactive effects of temperature and/or pH were observed on Cd-mediated metallothionein induction, responsiveness of antioxidant system and onset of oxidative damages in lipids, with tissue-specific effects. Immunological effects showed a generalized sensitivity of lysosomal membrane stability toward the investigated stressors with major effects in co-exposed organisms. Cadmium and temperature affected phagocytosis efficiency and composition of haemocyte populations probably influencing the micronucleus frequency through varied mitotic rate. Several differences were highlighted between these results and those previously obtained from mussels exposed in summer, supporting the importance of season when addressing the tolerance of temperate organisms to variations of environmental factors. The elaboration of the whole biomarker results through weighted criteria allowed to summarize specific hazard indices, highlighting tissue-specific sensitivity toward multiple stressors and the need of improving the knowledge on interactions between multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy.
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23
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Chen S, Qu M, Ding J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Di Y. BaP-metals co-exposure induced tissue-specific antioxidant defense in marine mussels Mytilus coruscus. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:286-296. [PMID: 29704836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Both benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) and metals are frequently found in marine ecosystem and can cause detrimental effects in marine organism, especially the filter feeder-marine mussels. Although the biological responses in mussels have been well-studied upon the single metal or BaP exposure, the information about antioxidant defense, especially in different tissues of mussels, are still limited. Considering the variety of contaminants existing in the actual marine environment, single BaP (56 μg/L) and the co-exposure with Cu, Cd and Pb (50 μg/L, 50 μg/L and 3 mg/L respectively) were applied in a 6 days exposure followed by 6 days depuration experiment. The alterations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level were assessed in haemolymph, gills and digestive glands of marine mussels, Mytilus coruscus. An unparalleled change in antioxidant biomarkers was observed in all cells/tissues, with the SOD activity showing higher sensitivity to exposure. A tissue-specific response showing unique alteration in gill was investigated, indicating the different function of tissues during stress responses. Depressed antioxidant effects were induced by BaP-metals co-exposure, indicating the interaction may alter the intact properties of BaP. To our knowledge, this is the first research to explore the antioxidant defense induced by combined exposure of BaP-metals regarding to tissue-specific responses in marine mussels. The results and experimental model will provide valuable information and can be utilized in the investigation of stress response mechanisms, especially in relation to tissue functions in marine organism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
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24
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Mezzelani M, Gorbi S, Fattorini D, d'Errico G, Consolandi G, Milan M, Bargelloni L, Regoli F. Long-term exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to diclofenac, Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen: Insights into bioavailability, biomarkers and transcriptomic changes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:238-248. [PMID: 29421735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a growing concern for marine ecosystems due to their ubiquitous occurrence and documented adverse effects on non-target organisms. Despite the remarkable efforts to elucidate bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological potential under short-term conditions, limited and fragmentary information is available for chronic exposures. In this study bioavailability, molecular and cellular effects of diclofenac (DIC), ibuprofen (IBU) and ketoprofen (KET) were investigated in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to the realistic environmental concentration of 2.5 μg/L for up to 60 days. Results indicated a significant accumulation of DIC and IBU but without a clear time-dependent trend; on the other hand, KET concentrations were always below the detection limit. Analyses of a large panel of molecular, biochemical and cellular biomarkers highlighted that all investigated NSAIDs caused alterations of immunological parameters, genotoxic effects, modulation of lipid metabolism and changes in cellular turn-over. This study provided the evidence of long-term ecotoxicological potential of NSAIDs, further unraveling the possible hazard for wild marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Consolandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Milan
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - F Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Lauritano C, Martín J, de la Cruz M, Reyes F, Romano G, Ianora A. First identification of marine diatoms with anti-tuberculosis activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2284. [PMID: 29396507 PMCID: PMC5797112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are considered a potentially new and valuable source of biologically active compounds for applications in several biotechnology sectors. They can be easily cultured, have short generation times and enable an environmentally-friendly approach to drug discovery by overcoming problems associated with the over-utilization of marine resources and the use of destructive collection practices. Considering the increasing rate of antibiotic-resistance bacteria and infections by fungi, 46 microalgae have been screened in this study for possible antibacterial and antifungal activities. Two different extraction methods have been used in order to increase the probability of finding positive hits. In particular, we screened microalgae in both control and nutrient stress conditions. We also tested different strains for 7 species in order to study potentially different bioactivities due to strain diversity. Results showed that extracts of two diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus, had anti-tuberculosis activity and were active only when cultured in the control and phosphate-starvation conditions, while the nitrogen starvation condition showed no activity. In addition, we tested both the organic and water extracts and found that only the organic extracts for both diatoms were active. The organic extracts of these two diatom species were not toxic on normal human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en, Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Mercedes de la Cruz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en, Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en, Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy
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Shivakumar A, Yogendra Kumar MS. Critical Review on the Analytical Mechanistic Steps in the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:214-236. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1400423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. S. Yogendra Kumar
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory, Defense Research and Development Organization, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Accoroni S, Tartaglione L, Dello Iacovo E, Pichierri S, Marini M, Campanelli A, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Influence of environmental factors on the toxin production of Ostreopsis cf. ovata during bloom events. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:261-268. [PMID: 28863976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis have been a recurrent phenomenon along several Mediterranean coasts. Blooms have been associated with noxious effects on human health and mortality of marine organisms, due to the production of palytoxin-like compounds. We analyzed the toxin concentrations throughout an O. cf. ovata bloom to highlight their relationships with environmental parameters in the Conero Riviera, northern Adriatic Sea. High temperature and balanced nutrient conditions were the optimal environmental conditions to start and sustain blooms as well as to maximize toxin production. Ostreopsis showed a gradual decrease of toxin content throughout the bloom ascribed to the occurring of the same non-optimal conditions that led to the bloom decline. Moreover, our results suggest that toxin fraction released during bloom could be higher than that released in batch culture. Results from this study pointed out that the first bloom phase is potentially the most dangerous to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emma Dello Iacovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Razza E, Congestri R, Campanelli A, Marini M, Ellwood NTW. Phosphatase activities of a microepiphytic community during a bloom of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the northern Adriatic Sea. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:272-279. [PMID: 28505508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming more apparent that increased organic nutrient loads deriving from anthropogenic activities and natural processes frequently cause the eutrophication of coastal waters. Concurrently, an increasing number of phototrophs have been shown to make use of organic nutrients, mainly through indirect studies of surface enzyme activities or through direct studies of growth in media containing organic-only nutrients. The potential utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by microepiphytic-mats associated with frequently problematic, toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, was investigated throughout a full cycle of a bloom that occurs annually (over the last few decades) during summer along several stretches of the Mediterranean coast. Measurements of phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and phosphodiesterase (PDEase) activities of the epiphytic mats (including cells and exopolymeric substances) and a range of chemico-physical parameters were made from late summer to early autumn at a eutrophic site. Analyses of ambient nutrient fractions revealed very high aquatic N:P values (TN:TP = 178 ± 50), very low filterable reactive P (FRP) concentrations (13 out 19 under the limits of detection) and DOP concentrations that were on average 85% of the total dissolved P. We recorded a rapid increase in PMEase and PDEase activities in the epiphytic microalgal community that coincided with the onset of a proliferation of the Ostreopsis population. Chromogenic staining of samples showed that activity was closely associated with the Ostreopsis cells, located both extracellularly (cell surface and within the EPS) and intracellularly (ventral cytoplasm). The increase in both phosphatases indicates that Ostreopsis can utilise a wide range of DOP types. The intense activity in the EPS was suggested to aid in the efficient entrapment and processing of high concentration nutrient pulses, for extracellular processing of larger organic materials and to prevent loss of substrates and products to the surrounding water. Based on the present findings, Ostreopsis seems to have adaptations that allow it to thrive in P-limited environments where organic P is the main source of P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Razza
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Congestri
- Department of Biology University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy
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Culturing Toxic Benthic Blooms: The Fate of Natural Biofilms in a Microcosm System. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030046. [PMID: 28783081 PMCID: PMC5620637 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A microcosm designed for culturing aquatic phototrophic biofilms on artificial substrata was used to perform experiments with microphytobenthos sampled during summer toxic outbreaks of Ostreopsis cf. ovata along the Middle Tyrrhenian coast. This dynamic approach aimed at exploring the unique and complex nature of O. cf. ovata bloom development in the benthic system. Epibenthic assemblages were used as inocula for co-cultures of bloom organisms on polycarbonate slides at controlled environmental conditions. Biofilm surface adhesion, growth, and spatial structure were evaluated along with shifts in composition and matrix production in a low disturbance regime, simulating source habitat. Initial adhesion and substratum colonisation appeared as stochastic processes, then community structure and physiognomy markedly changed with time. Dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria and diatoms, and dense clusters of Amphidinium cf. carterae at the mature biofilm phases, were recorded by light and confocal microscopy, whilst O. cf. ovata growth was visibly limited in the late culture phases. Life-form strategies, competitiveness for resources, and possibly allelopathic interactions shaped biofilm structure during culture growth. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis of exopolysaccharidic matrix revealed variations in sugar total amounts and composition. No toxic compounds were detected in the final communities tested by LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) and MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time OF Flight Mass Spectroscopy) techniques.
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Jauzein C, Couet D, Blasco T, Lemée R. Uptake of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen by the benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 65:9-18. [PMID: 28526122 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors that shape dynamics of benthic toxic blooms are largely unknown. In particular, for the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, the importance of the availability of nutrients and the contribution of the inorganic and organic pools to growth need to be quantified in marine coastal environments. The present study aimed at characterizing N-uptake of dissolved inorganic and organic sources by O. cf. ovata cells, using the 15N-labelling technique. Experiments were conducted taking into account potential interactions between nutrient uptake systems as well as variations with the diel cycle. Uptake abilities of O. cf. ovata were parameterized for ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and N-urea, from the estimation of kinetic and inhibition parameters. In the range of 0 to 10μmolNL-1, kinetic curves showed a clear preference pattern following the ranking NH4+>NO3->N-urea, where the preferential uptake of NH4+ relative to NO3- was accentuated by an inhibitory effect of NH4+ concentration on NO3- uptake capabilities. Conversely, under high nutrient concentrations, the preference for NH4+ relative to NO3- was largely reduced, probably because of the existence of a low-affinity high capacity inducible NO3- uptake system. Ability to take up nutrients in darkness could not be defined as a competitive advantage for O. cf. ovata. Species competitiveness can also be defined from nutrient uptake kinetic parameters. A strong affinity for NH4+ was observed for O. cf. ovata cells that may partly explain the success of this toxic species during the summer season in the Bay of Villefranche-sur-mer (France).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jauzein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France; IFREMER, Centre de Brest, DYNECO PELAGOS, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Douglas Couet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Thierry Blasco
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
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Nardi A, Mincarelli LF, Benedetti M, Fattorini D, d'Errico G, Regoli F. Indirect effects of climate changes on cadmium bioavailability and biological effects in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:493-502. [PMID: 27894055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great interest in the consequences of climate change on the physiological functioning of marine organisms, indirect and interactive effects of rising temperature and pCO2 on bioaccumulation and responsiveness to environmental pollutants are still poorly explored, particularly in terms of cellular mechanisms. According to future projections of temperature and pH/pCO2, this study investigated the main cellular pathways involved in metal detoxification and oxidative homeostasis in Mediterranean mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed for 4 weeks to various combinations of two levels of pH/pCO2 (8.2/∼400 μatm and 7.4/∼3000 μatm), temperature (20 and 25 °C), and cadmium addition (0 and 20 μg/L). Bioaccumulation was increased in metal exposed organisms but it was not further modulated by different temperature and pH/pCO2 combinations. However, interactions between temperature, pH and cadmium had significant effects on induction of metallothioneins, responses of the antioxidant system and the onset of oxidative damages, which was tissue dependent. Multiple stressors increased metallothioneins concentrations in the digestive gland revealing different oxidative effects: while temperature and cadmium enhanced glutathione-dependent antioxidant protection and capability to neutralize peroxyl radicals, the metal increased the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products under acidified conditions. Gills did not reveal specific effects for different combinations of factors, but a general stress condition was observed in this tissue after various treatments. Significant variations of immune system were mainly caused by increased temperature and low pH, while co-exposure to acidification and cadmium enhanced metal genotoxicity and the onset of permanent DNA damage in haemocytes. Elaboration of the whole biomarker data in a cellular hazard index, corroborated the synergistic effects of temperature and acidification which increased the toxicological effects of cadmium. The overall results confirmed that climate change could influence ecotoxicological effects of environmental contaminants, highlighting the importance of a better knowledge of cellular mechanisms to understand and predict responsiveness of marine organisms to such multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luana Fiorella Mincarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy.
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Penna A, Capellacci S, Ciminiello P, Dell'Aversano C, Tartaglione L, Abboud-Abi Saab M, Giussani V, Asnaghi V, Chiantore M, Totti C. Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new benthic toxic Ostreopsis species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:1064-1084. [PMID: 27633521 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The new benthic toxic dinoflagellate, Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov., is described from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon and Cyprus coasts, and is supported by morphological and molecular data. The plate formula, Po, 3', 7″, 6c, 7s, 5‴, 2'''', is typical for the Ostreopsis genus. It differs from all other Ostreopsis species in that (i) the curved suture between plates 1' and 3' makes them approximately hexagonal, (ii) the 1' plate lies in the left half of the epitheca and is obliquely orientated leading to a characteristic shape of plate 6″. The round thecal pores are bigger than the other two Mediterranean species (O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis). O. fattorussoi is among the smallest species of the genus (DV: 60.07 ± 5.63 μm, AP: 25.66 ± 2.97 μm, W: 39.81 ± 5.05 μm) along with O. ovata. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU and internal transcribed spacer rDNA shows that O. fattorussoi belongs to the Atlantic/Mediterranean Ostreopsis spp. clade separated from the other Ostreopsis species. Ostreopsis fattorussoi produces OVTX-a and structural isomers OVTX-d and -e, O. cf. ovata is the only other species of this genus known to produce these toxins. The Lebanese O. fattorussoi did not produce the new palytoxin-like compounds (ovatoxin-i, ovatoxin-j1 , ovatoxin-j2 , and ovatoxin-k) that were previously found in O. fattorussoi from Cyprus. The toxin content was in the range of 0.28-0.94 pg · cell-1 . On the Lebanon coast, O. fattorussoi was recorded throughout the year 2015 (temperature range 18°C-31.5°C), with peaks in June and August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciminiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marie Abboud-Abi Saab
- National Council for Scientific Research/National Center for Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Valentina Giussani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
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Mezzelani M, Gorbi S, Fattorini D, d'Errico G, Benedetti M, Milan M, Bargelloni L, Regoli F. Transcriptional and cellular effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in experimentally exposed mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:306-319. [PMID: 27776296 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to provide new insights on accumulation and possible adverse effects of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to an environmentally realistic concentration (0.5μg/L) of individual compounds, Acetaminophen (AMP), Diclofenac (DIC), Ibuprofen (IBU), Ketoprofen (KET) or Nimesulide (NIM). The measurement of drugs in mussel tissues was integrated with both functional alterations at cellular level and transcriptomic responses. Results indicated the capability of mussels to accumulate DIC and NIM, while AMP, IBU and KET were always below detection limit. A large panel of ecotoxicological biomarkers revealed the early onset of alterations induced by tested NSAIDs on immunological responses, lipid metabolism and DNA integrity. The gene transcription analysis through DNA microarrays, supported cellular biomarker results, with clear modulation of a large number of genes involved in the arachidonic acid and lipid metabolism, immune responses, cell cycle and DNA repair. The overall results indicated an ecotoxicological concern for pharmaceuticals in M. galloprovincialis, with transcriptional responses appearing as sensitive exposure biomarkers at low levels of exposure: such changes, however, are not always paralleled by corresponding functional effects, suggesting caution when interpreting observed effects in terms of perturbed cellular pathways. Fascinating similarities can also be proposed in the mode of action of NSAIDs between bivalves and vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Milan
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - F Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy.
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Mezzelani M, Gorbi S, Da Ros Z, Fattorini D, d'Errico G, Milan M, Bargelloni L, Regoli F. Ecotoxicological potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in marine organisms: Bioavailability, biomarkers and natural occurrence in Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 121:31-39. [PMID: 27036085 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals represent a major environmental concern since the knowledge on their occurrence, distribution and ecotoxicological potential is still limited particularly in coastal areas. In this study, bioaccumulation and cellular effects of various non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were investigated in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis to reveal whether common molecules belonging to the same therapeutic class might cause different effects on non target organisms. Organisms exposed to environmental concentrations of acetaminophen (AMP), diclofenac (DIC), ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KET) and nimesulide (NIM) revealed a significant accumulation of DIC, IBU and NIM, while AMP and KET were always below detection limit. Nonetheless, for all tested NSAIDs, measurement of a large panel of ecotoxicological biomarkers highlighted impairment of immunological parameters, onset of genotoxicity and modulation of lipid metabolism, oxidative and neurotoxic effects. Laboratory results were integrated with a field study which provided the first evidence on the occurrence of DIC, IBU and NIM in tissues of wild mussels sampled during summer months from an unpolluted, touristic area of Central Adriatic Sea. Overall results demonstrated M. galloprovincialis as a good sentinel species for monitoring presence and ecotoxicological hazard of pharmaceuticals in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Z Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Milan
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Universita di Padova, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Universita di Padova, Italy
| | - F Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Ni PJ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Dietary low or excess levels of lipids reduced growth performance, and impaired immune function and structure of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:28-47. [PMID: 27157598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study explored the effect of dietary lipids on growth and immunity and structure (head kidney, spleen and skin) of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp with an average initial weight of 261.41 ± 0.53 g were fed diets containing six graded levels of lipids at 5.9-80.1 g/kg diet for 8 weeks. After that, a challenge trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila over 2 weeks. The results indicated that compared with optimal lipids supplementation, low and excess levels of lipids down-regulated the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and ribosomal p70S6 kinase (S6K1), and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), NF-κB c-Rel (not p52), IκB kinase α (IKKα), IKKβ, IKKγ, and eIF4E-binding protein (4EBP) mRNA levels in the head kidney and spleen of young grass carp (P < 0.05). Low or excess levels of lipids also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents, reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05), down-regulate the relative mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and up-regulated the expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b in the head kidney and spleen. In addition, low or excess levels of lipids down-regulated the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) in the head kidney and spleen, whereas up-regulated the mRNA levels of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), caspase 3, 7, 8 and 9 mRNA levels in the head kidney and spleen and Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA levels in the spleen of young grass carp, suggesting that low or excess levels of lipids could decrease the head kidney and spleen immune function, induce oxidative damage and apoptosis and impair antioxidant system of young grass carp. At last, low or excess levels of lipids also impaired the immune function and structure in the skin of young grass carp. Based on the quadratic regression analysis for PWG, skin haemorrhage and lesions morbidity and IgM content, the dietary lipids requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 43.7, 60.2, 55.0 and 52.1 g/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jun Ni
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Migliaccio O, Castellano I, Di Cioccio D, Tedeschi G, Negri A, Cirino P, Romano G, Zingone A, Palumbo A. Subtle reproductive impairment through nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms in sea urchins from an area affected by harmful algal blooms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26086. [PMID: 27192939 PMCID: PMC4872146 DOI: 10.1038/srep26086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, a key species in the Mediterranean Sea, is menaced by several pressures in coastal environments. Here, we aimed at assessing the reproductive ability of apparently healthy P. lividus population in a marine protected area affected by toxic blooms of Ostreospsis cf. ovata. Wide-ranging analyses were performed in animals collected prior to and during the bloom, as well as at several times thereafter, during the reproductive season. Adults showed a low fertilization rate, along with high nitric oxide (NO) levels in the gonads and the nitration of the major yolk protein toposome, which is an important player in sea urchin development. Serious developmental anomalies were observed in the progeny, which persist several months after the bloom. NO levels were high in the different developmental stages, which also showed variations in the transcription of several genes that were found to be directly or indirectly modulated by NO. These results highlight subtle but important reproductive flaws transmitted from the female gonads to the offspring with the NO involvement. Despite a recovery along time after the bloom, insidious damages can be envisaged in the local sea urchin population, with possible reverberation on the whole benthic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Armando Negri
- D.I.P.A.V. - Section of Biochemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Pichierri S, Totti C. Effects of the bloom of harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on the microphytobenthos community in the northern Adriatic Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:179-190. [PMID: 28073531 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composition and temporal variation of the microphytobenthos communities of the Conero Riviera (northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated in the course of an annual cycle, focusing on their relationships with blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Sampling was carried out from March 2009 to March 2010 on undisturbed benthic substrata (macroalgae and pebbles). Samples for the study of microphytobenthos were collected with a monthly frequency, while those for the study of Ostreopsis bloom weekly. Benthic diatoms dominated the microphytobenthos communities for most of the annual cycle (except the summer), both in terms of abundance and biomass. In summer, cyanobacteria were dominant (54.04±9.18 and 24.29±11.11% of total abundance and biomass, respectively), while benthic dinoflagellates were an important component of the community in terms of biomass only at the peak of the Ostreopsis bloom in late summer (up to 91% of the total biomass). Among diatoms, the most abundant forms throughout the year were motile species (77.5±3.71% of the population), while erect diatoms formed the majority of the biomass in winter and spring (48.66±16.66 and 48.05±5.56% of total population, respectively). Diatoms were mainly affected by DIN availability, while the patterns of biomass of O. cf. ovata and cyanobacteria were related to salinity and temperature. The biomass of Ostreopsis was also affected by the availability of phosphorus. The results of this study suggest that the proliferation of Ostreopsis affected the structure of the benthic diatom community: motile diatoms were significantly more abundant during the Ostreopsis bloom peak than during the rest of summer, probably because they benefited from the abundant mucilaginous mat covering the benthic substrata. In the course of the O. cf. ovata bloom the diversity of the microphytobenthos was significantly lower than during the rest of the year, suggesting an influence of both the shading produced by the mucous mat and allelopathic compounds possibly produced by O. cf. ovata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy.
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
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Vanucci S, Guidi F, Pistocchi R, Long RA. Phylogenetic structure of bacterial assemblages co-occurring with Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:259-271. [PMID: 28073540 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive blooms of the toxic epiphytic/benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are being reported with increasing frequency and spatial distribution in temperate coastal regions including the Mediterranean. These blooms are of human and environmental health concern due to the production of isobaric palytoxin and a wide range of ovatoxins by Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Bacterial-microalgal interactions are important regulators in algal bloom dynamics and potentially toxin dynamics. This study investigated the bacterial assemblages co-occurring with O. cf. ovata (OA) and from ambient seawaters (SW) during the early and peak phases of bloom development in NW Adriatic Sea. Fractions of the bacterial assemblages co-occurring with O. cf. ovata (OA) and more closely associated to the mucilage layer (LA) embedding O. cf. ovata cells were also reported. In total, 14 bacterial phyla were detected by targeted 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The dominant bacterial phyla in the OA assemblages were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes; while at the class level, Alphaproteobacteria were the most abundant (83 and 66%, relative abundance, early and peak bloom phases), followed by Flavobacteria (7 and 19%, early and peak phases). Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were of minor importance (<5% of the relative bacterial abundance each). Gammaproteobacteria showed a notably presence in OA assemblage only at the early phase of the bloom (genus Haliea, 13%). The Alphaproteobacteria were predominately composed by the genera Ruegeria, Jannaschia and Erythrobacter which represented about half of the total phylotypes' contribution of OA at both early and peak phases of the O. cf. ovata bloom, suggesting interactions between this consortium and the microalga. Moreover, the highest contribution of Ruegeria (30% of the total phylotypes) was observed at the early phase of the bloom in LA assemblage. Microbial assemblages associated with the ambient seawaters while being also dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria were partially distinct from those associated with O. cf. ovata due to the presence of genera almost not retrieved in the latter assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
| | - Flavio Guidi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Richard A Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
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Wang B, Feng L, Chen GF, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Jiang J, Tang L, Wu P, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhao J, Zhou XQ. Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) intestinal immune responses, antioxidant status and tight junction protein mRNA expression are modulated via Nrf2 and PKC in response to dietary arginine deficiency. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:116-124. [PMID: 26518504 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dietary arginine on the immune response, antioxidant status and tight junction mRNA expression in the intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 1200 juvenile Jian carp with an average initial weight of 6.33 ± 0.03 g were fed graded levels of arginine (9.8-24.5 g kg(-1) diet) for nine weeks. The study showed that arginine deficiency up-regulated interleukin 1, interleukin 8 and transforming growth factor-β and down-regulated tumour necrosis factor α gene expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, arginine deficiency increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione contents and decreased the activities of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, arginine deficiency significantly increased claudin 7, occludin, protein kinase C, NF-E2-related factor 2 and Kelch-like-ECH- associated protein 1 mRNA expression and decreased SOD1, CAT and GR mRNA expression (P < 0.05). All of these results indicated that arginine deficiency impaired intestinal immune function via the regulation of mRNA expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2/Keap1 and PKC in fish intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Gang-Fu Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Pelin M, Forino M, Brovedani V, Tartaglione L, Dell'Aversano C, Pistocchi R, Poli M, Sosa S, Florio C, Ciminiello P, Tubaro A. Ovatoxin-a, A Palytoxin Analogue Isolated from Ostreopsis cf. ovata Fukuyo: Cytotoxic Activity and ELISA Detection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1544-1551. [PMID: 26714047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of the recently identified palytoxin (PLTX) analog, ovatoxin-a (OVTX-a), the major toxin produced by Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Mediterranean Sea. Its increasing detection during Ostreopsis blooms and in seafood highlights the need to characterize its toxic effects and to set up appropriate detection methods. OVTX-a is about 100 fold less potent than PLTX in reducing HaCaT cells viability (EC50 = 1.1 × 10(-9) M vs 1.8 × 10(-11) M, MTT test) in agreement with a reduced binding affinity (Kd = 1.2 × 10(-9) vs 2.7 × 10(-11) M, saturation experiments on intact cells). Similarly, OVTX-a hemolytic effect is lower than that of the reference PLTX compound. Ost-D shows the lowest cytotoxicity toward HaCaT keratinocytes, suggesting the lack of a hydroxyl group at C44 as a critical feature for PLTXs cytotoxic effects. A sandwich ELISA developed for PLTX detects also OVTX-a in a sensitive (LOD = 4.2 and LOQ = 5.6 ng/mL) and accurate manner (Bias = 0.3%), also in O. cf. ovata extracts and contaminated mussels. Although in vitro OVTX-a appears less toxic than PLTX, its cytotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations after short exposure time rises some concern for human health. The sandwich ELISA can be a viable screening method for OVTXs detection in monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martino Forino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II , 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II , 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna , 481230 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mark Poli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, 21701-5011 United States
| | - Silvio Sosa
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Florio
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciminiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II , 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste, Italy
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41
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Blooms of toxic microorganisms in aquatic environments: marine microalgae and freshwater cyanobacteria. A brief review with a particular focus on the Italian situation. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-015-0488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Wen LM, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Wu P, Zhao J, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Evaluation the effect of thiamin deficiency on intestinal immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:501-515. [PMID: 26159094 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our study explored the effect of dietary thiamin on growth and immunity (intestine, head kidney, spleen and liver) of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed diets containing six graded levels of thiamin at 0.12-2.04 mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. The percentage weight gain (PWG), feed intake and feed efficiency were lower in fish fed the 0.12 mg/kg diet. Thiamin deficiency decreased complement 3 content, lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase activities, mRNA levels of hepcidin and interleukin (IL) 10, elevated mRNA levels of interferon γ2, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β and IL-8 in intestine, head kidney, spleen and liver. The mRNA levels of inhibitor protein-κBα, target of rapamycin (TOR) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the activities and mRNA levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase were down-regulated, mRNA levels of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), IκB kinases (IKKβ and IKKγ), nuclear factor κB P65 (NF-κB P65) and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) were up-regulated in the intestine of fish fed the thiamin-deficient diet. Additionally, thiamin deficiency decreased claudin b, c and 3, ZO-1 and occludin mRNA levels in each intestinal segment, increased claudin 12 and claudin 15a mRNA levels in distal intestine. In conclusion, thiamin deficiency decreased fish growth and immunity of intestine, head kidney, spleen and liver. The dietary thiamin requirement of young grass carp (242-742 g) based on intestinal LA activity or PWG were determined to be 1.15 or 0.90 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Mei Wen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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43
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Quantitative histopathology of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) exposed to the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 127:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Avio CG, Gorbi S, Milan M, Benedetti M, Fattorini D, d'Errico G, Pauletto M, Bargelloni L, Regoli F. Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 198:211-22. [PMID: 25637744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics represent a growing environmental concern for the oceans due to their potential of adsorbing chemical pollutants, thus representing a still unexplored source of exposure for aquatic organisms. In this study polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) microplastics were shown to adsorb pyrene with a time and dose-dependent relationship. Results also indicated a marked capability of contaminated microplastics to transfer this model PAH to exposed mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis; tissue localization of microplastics occurred in haemolymph, gills and especially digestive tissues where a marked accumulation of pyrene was also observed. Cellular effects included alterations of immunological responses, lysosomal compartment, peroxisomal proliferation, antioxidant system, neurotoxic effects, onset of genotoxicity; changes in gene expression profile was also demonstrated through a new DNA microarray platform. The study provided the evidence that microplastics adsorb PAHs, emphasizing an elevated bioavailability of these chemicals after the ingestion, and the toxicological implications due to responsiveness of several molecular and cellular pathways to microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giacomo Avio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Moro I, Matozzo V, Piovan A, Moschin E, Vecchia FD. Morpho-physiological effects of ibuprofen on Scenedesmus rubescens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:379-387. [PMID: 25128768 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of aquatic bodies by drugs is an emerging environmental problem, because of their extensive use in animal and human context. Ibuprofen, 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid, is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug mainly present both in wastewater and in rivers and lakes in Europe. Since in literature there is little information about the effects of ibuprofen on microalgae, in this paper we presented the results on the effects of this molecule at different concentrations (62.5μgL(-1), 250μgL(-1) and 1000μgL(-1)) on cultures of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus rubescens (P.J.L. Dangeard) E. Kesslet et al. Ibuprofen effects on the alga were assayed at first through analyses of the growth curve. Moreover, analyses of cell morphology, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic pigments were additionally performed. The first negative effect of the drug was on the microalga growth, suggesting a drug action dose-dependent mechanism type, more evident at the concentration of 1000μgL(-1) ibuprofen and in the last phase of the growth curve. In support of this, following ibuprofen exposure, the cells exhibited morphological and ultrastructural alterations, mainly consisting in large cytoplasmic inclusions, probably of lipids and/or carotenoids. The decrease of chlorophyll amounts and, on the contrary, the increase of carotenoids were correlated with a stressful condition induced by drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Moro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Moschin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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