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Dai M, Zhang Y, Jiao Y, Deng Y, Du X, Yang C. Immunomodulatory effects of one novel microRNA miR-63 in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:109002. [PMID: 37586600 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel microRNA miR-63 (novel-miR-63) from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii (Pm-novel-miR-63) is a species-specific miRNA. Our previous research has shown that the expression of Pm-novel-miR-63 was significantly downregulated at 24 h after nucleus transplantation. In this study, we analyzed the function and regulatory role of Pm-novel-miR-63 in the immune response of pearl oysters. The results showed that Pm-novel-miR-63 expression increased after the stimulation of pathogen associated molecular patterns at 6-12 h, and the activity of immune and antioxidant enzymes in the serum decreased after Pm-novel-miR-63 overexpression. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Pm-novel-miR-63 participated in regulating transplantation immunity through the Notch and mRNA surveillance signaling pathways. Target prediction and dual luciferase analysis revealed that Pm-GDP-FucTP, Pm-CysLTR2, and Pm-RLR were the target genes of Pm-novel-miR-63. These results suggested that Pm-novel-miR-63 participated in regulating the immune response in pearl oysters and can serve as a new interference target to reasonably control excessive immune rejection in pearl culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Dai
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Marine Ecology Early Warning and Monitoring Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Marine Ecology Early Warning and Monitoring Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Lattos A, Feidantsis K, Giantsis IA, Theodorou JA, Michaelidis B. Seasonality in Synergism with Multi-Pathogen Presence Leads to Mass Mortalities of the Highly Endangered Pinna nobilis in Greek Coastlines: A Pathophysiological Approach. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1117. [PMID: 37317091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortalities of Pinna nobilis populations set at risk the survival of the species from many Mediterranean coastline habitats. In many cases, both Haplosporidium pinnae and Mycobacterium spp. are implicated in mass mortalities of P. nobilis populations, leading the species into extinction. In the context of the importance of these pathogens' role in P. nobilis mortalities, the present study investigated two Greek populations of the species hosting different microbial loads (one only H. pinnae and the second both pathogens) by the means of pathophysiological markers. More specifically, the populations from Kalloni Gulf (Lesvos Island) and from Maliakos Gulf (Fthiotis), seasonally sampled, were chosen based on the host pathogens in order to investigate physiological and immunological biomarkers to assess those pathogens' roles. In order to determine if the haplosporidian parasite possesses a major role in the mortalities or if both pathogens are involved in these phenomena, a variety of biomarkers, including apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and heat shock response were applied. The results indicated a decreased physiological performance of individuals hosting both pathogens in comparison with those hosting only H. pinnae. Our findings provide evidence for the synergistic role of those pathogens in the mortality events, which is also enhanced by the influence of seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lattos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, GR-53100 Florina, Greece
| | - John A Theodorou
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, GR-23200 Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Huang B, Wu Y, Ma J, Yang B, Sang X, Chen J, Liu W, Li F, Li L, Wang X, Dong J, Wang X. The first identified invertebrate LGP2-like homolog gene in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:238-245. [PMID: 35940537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The LGP2 (Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2) protein is a member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLRs) family, which is a class of antiviral pattern recognition receptors located in the cytoplasm. However, few studies have investigated the function of LGP2 in invertebrates. In this study, the complete coding sequence of the LGP2 gene of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was obtained and named CgLGP2-like. Sequence analysis revealed that CgLGP2-like encodes 803 amino acids, and the encoded protein contains a DEXDc, HELICc, and C-terminal regulatory domains. Multiple sequence alignment demonstrated that the sequences of these key protein functional domains were relatively conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CgLGP2-like was a new member of the animal LGP2 family. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that CgLGP2-like mRNA was expressed in all tested oyster tissues, with the highest expression observed in the labial palpus and digestive glands. CgLGP2-like expression in gill tissues was significantly induced after the poly(I:C) challenge. Furthermore, multiple IRF and NF-κB binding sites were identified in the CgLGP2-like promoter region, which may be one of the reasons why CgLGP2-like responds to poly(I:C) stimulation. Finally, the results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that overexpression of CgLGP2-like may have a regulatory effect on the human IFN, AP-1, and oyster CgIL-17 genes in HEK293T cells. Overall, our results preliminarily elucidate the immune functions of invertebrate LGP2 protein and provide valuable information for the development of comparative immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jilv Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baoju Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Sang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiwen Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Fangshu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Innate Immunity Mechanisms in Marine Multicellular Organisms. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090549. [PMID: 36135738 PMCID: PMC9505182 DOI: 10.3390/md20090549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides an adequate response to stress factors and pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), located on the surface of cell membranes and in the cytoplasm. Generally, the structures of PRRs are formed by several domains that are evolutionarily conserved, with a fairly high degree of homology in representatives of different species. The orthologs of TLRs, NLRs, RLRs and CLRs are widely represented, not only in marine chordates, but also in invertebrates. Study of the interactions of the most ancient marine multicellular organisms with microorganisms gives us an idea of the evolution of molecular mechanisms of protection against pathogens and reveals new functions of already known proteins in ensuring the body’s homeostasis. The review discusses innate immunity mechanisms of protection of marine invertebrate organisms against infections, using the examples of ancient multicellular hydroids, tunicates, echinoderms, and marine worms in the context of searching for analogies with vertebrate innate immunity. Due to the fact that mucous membranes first arose in marine invertebrates that have existed for several hundred million years, study of their innate immune system is both of fundamental importance in terms of understanding molecular mechanisms of host defense, and of practical application, including the search of new antimicrobial agents for subsequent use in medicine, veterinary and biotechnology.
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Sang X, Liu W, Li F, Huang B, Li L, Wang X, Dong J, Ma J, Chen J, Wang X. Scallop RIG-I-like receptor 1 responses to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid challenge and its interactions with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:490-496. [PMID: 35487402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors located in the cytoplasm that play a key role in antiviral innate immunity in animals. However, few studies have been conducted on the function of RLR proteins in invertebrates. In this study, the complete coding sequence of the RLR gene of the Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri, was obtained and named CfRLR1 with an aim to study the response of CfRLR1 to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] stimulation and the interaction between the CfRLR1 and C. farreri mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein. Sequence analysis revealed that CfRLR1 encodes 1161 amino acids, and the encoded protein covers two tandem caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), a helicase domain, and a C-terminal regulatory domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CfRLR1 belongs to the RLR family of mollusks. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that CfRLR1 mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues, with its highest expression observed in feet and gill tissues. Furthermore, CfRLR1 expression in the gill tissues was significantly induced after the poly (I:C) challenge. Finally, the results of co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that CfRLR1 can bind to the CfMAVS protein via CARD-CARD interactions. Overall, our results elucidate the immune function of invertebrate RLR proteins and provide valuable information on viral disease control for scallop farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Sang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Fangshu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jilv Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiwen Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Liang B, Su J. Advances in aquatic animal RIG-I-like receptors. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Lattos A, Feidantsis K, Georgoulis I, Giantsis IA, Karagiannis D, Theodorou JA, Staikou A, Michaelidis B. Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations. Cells 2021; 10:2838. [PMID: 34831063 PMCID: PMC8616554 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid decrease of Pinna nobilis populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as 'critically endangered'. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While Haplosporidium pinnae is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected P. nobilis specimens against various pathogens, this study's aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of P. nobilis individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of P. nobilis mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with H. pinnae in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lattos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (K.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (K.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (K.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Ioannis A. Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- National Reference Laboratory for Mollusc Diseases, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - John A. Theodorou
- Department of Animal Production Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, 26504 Mesolonghi, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (K.F.); (I.G.)
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Qiao X, Wang L, Song L. The primitive interferon-like system and its antiviral function in molluscs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103997. [PMID: 33444647 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phylum mollusca is a very important group in the animal kingdom for the large number and diversified species. Recently, interest in molluscan immunity has increased due to their phylogenetic position and importance in worldwide aquaculture and aquatic environment. As the main aquaculture animal, most molluscs live in the water environment and they have to cope with many pathogen challenges, in which virus is one of the primary causes for the mass mortality. In vertebrates, interferon (IFN) system is generally recognized as the first line of defence against viral infection, while the antiviral mechanisms in molluscs remain to be clearly illuminated. Recently, some IFN-like proteins and IFN-related components have been characterized from molluscs, such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IFN-like receptors, JAK/STAT and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which reinforce the existence of IFN-like system in molluscs. This system can be activated by virus or poly (I:C) challenges and further regulate the antiviral response of haemocytes in molluscs. This review summarizes the research progresses of IFN-like system in molluscs with the emphases on the uniformity and heterogeneity of IFN-like system of molluscs compared to that of other animals, which will be helpful for elucidating the antiviral modulation in molluscs and understanding the origin and evolution of IFN system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Kangale LJ, Raoult D, Fournier PE, Abnave P, Ghigo E. Planarians (Platyhelminthes)-An Emerging Model Organism for Investigating Innate Immune Mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:619081. [PMID: 33732660 PMCID: PMC7958881 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.619081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism responds to the invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi by engaging innate and adaptive immune system, which functions by activating various signal transduction pathways. As invertebrate organisms (such as sponges, worms, cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, and echinoderms) are devoid of an adaptive immune system, and their defense mechanisms solely rely on innate immune system components. Investigating the immune response in such organisms helps to elucidate the immune mechanisms that vertebrates have inherited or evolved from invertebrates. Planarians are non-parasitic invertebrates from the phylum Platyhelminthes and are being investigated for several decades for understanding the whole-body regeneration process. However, recent findings have emerged planarians as a useful model for studying innate immunity as they are resistant to a broad spectrum of bacteria. This review intends to highlight the research findings on various antimicrobial resistance genes, signaling pathways involved in innate immune recognition, immune-related memory and immune cells in planarian flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Johnson Kangale
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France.,TechnoJouvence, Marseille, France
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Leprêtre M, Faury N, Segarra A, Claverol S, Degremont L, Palos-Ladeiro M, Armengaud J, Renault T, Morga B. Comparative Proteomics of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 and Pacific Oyster Interactions With Two Families Exhibiting Contrasted Susceptibility to Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621994. [PMID: 33537036 PMCID: PMC7848083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) spat/juveniles are often associated with the detection of a herpesvirus called ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1). In this work, experimental infection trials of C. gigas spat with OsHV-1 were conducted using two contrasted Pacific oyster families for their susceptibility to viral infection. Live oysters were sampled at 12, 26, and 144 h post infection (hpi) to analyze host-pathogen interactions using comparative proteomics. Shotgun proteomics allowed the detection of seven viral proteins in infected oysters, some of them with potential immunomodulatoy functions. Viral proteins were mainly detected in susceptible oysters sampled at 26 hpi, which correlates with the mortality and viral load observed in this oyster family. Concerning the Pacific oyster proteome, more than 3,000 proteins were identified and contrasted proteomic responses were observed between infected A- and P-oysters, sampled at different post-injection times. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis performed on significantly modulated proteins uncover the main immune processes (such as RNA interference, interferon-like pathway, antioxidant defense) which contribute to the defense and resistance of Pacific oysters to viral infection. In the more susceptible Pacific oysters, results suggest that OsHV-1 manipulate the molecular machinery of host immune response, in particular the autophagy system. This immunomodulation may lead to weakening and consecutively triggering death of Pacific oysters. The identification of several highly modulated and defense-related Pacific oyster proteins from the most resistant oysters supports the crucial role played by the innate immune system against OsHV-1 and the viral infection. Our results confirm the implication of proteins involved in an interferon-like pathway for efficient antiviral defenses and suggest that proteins involved in RNA interference process prevent viral replication in C. gigas. Overall, this study shows the interest of multi-omic approaches applied on groups of animals with differing sensitivities and provides novel insight into the interaction between Pacific oyster and OsHV-1 with key proteins involved in viral infection resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Nicole Faury
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France
| | - Amélie Segarra
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux, Plateforme Protéome, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Degremont
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, DépartementMédicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Département Ressources Biologiques Et Environnement, Ifremer, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France
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11
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Dong J, Sang X, Song H, Zhan R, Wei L, Liu Y, Zhang M, Huang B, Wang X. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Rel gene in the Pacific oyster. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:9-18. [PMID: 32217142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes such as development, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and immune responses. And the NF-κB/Rel family members were considered as the most important transcription factors in the NF-κB signaling pathway. In this study, we cloned a Rel homolog gene (named as CgRel2) from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The 2115-bp open reading frame (ORF) encodes 704 amino acids and CgRel2 possesses a conserved Rel Homology Domain (RHD) at the N-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CgRel2 is most closely related to Pinctada fucata dorsal protein. CgRel2 transcripts are widely expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest expression observed in the labial palp and the gill. Moreover, the expression of CgRel2 is significantly upregulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] challenge. CgRel2 transfection into human cell lines activated NF-κB, TNFα and oyster IL-17 (CgIL-17) reporter genes in a dose-dependent manner, while CgRel2 overexpression cannot induce ISRE (Interferon stimulation response element) reporter gene's transcriptional activity. Additionally, the results of co-immunoprecipitation showed that CgRel2 or CgRel1 could interact with oyster IκB1, IκB2 and IκB3 proteins strongly, which may be critical for the immune signaling transduction and the regulation of its immune functions. Together, these results suggest that CgRel2 could respond to pathogenic infection, participate in the immune signal transduction and activate NF-κB, TNFα and CgIL-17 reporter genes. Thus, CgRel2 could play an important role in the oyster immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Hongce Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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12
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Zhu X, Liao H, Yang Z, Peng C, Lu W, Xing Q, Huang X, Hu J, Bao Z. Genome-wide identification, characterization of RLR genes in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and functional regulations in responses to ocean acidification. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:488-498. [PMID: 31978530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), are crucial sensors with a conserved structure in cytoplasm, inducing the production of cytokines, chemokines and host restriction factors which mediate a variety of intracellular activities to interfere with distinct PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) for eliminating pathogens in innate immune system. Although RLR genes have been investigated in most vertebrates and some invertebrates, the systematic identification and characterization of RLR genes have not been reported in scallops. In this study, four RLR genes (PY-10413.4, PY-10413.5, PY-443.7 and PY-443.8, designated PyRLRs) were identified in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) through whole-genome scanning through in silico analysis, including two pairs of tandem duplicate genes located on the same scaffold (PY-10413.4 and PY-10413.5, PY-443.7 and PY-443.8, respectively). Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were performed to determine the identities and evolutionary relationships of these genes. The expression profiles of PyRLRs were determined in all developmental stages, in healthy adult tissues, and in mantles that simulated ocean acidification (OA) exposure (pH = 6.5 and 7.5) at different time points (3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Spatiotemporal expression patterns suggested the functional roles of PyRLRs in all stages of development and growth of the scallop. Regulation expressions revealed PY-10413.4 and PY-10413.5 with one or two CARD(s) (caspase activation and recruitment domain) were up-regulated expressed at most time points, whereas PY-443.8 and PY-10413.4 without CARD were significantly down-regulated at each time points, suggesting functional differentiations in the two pairs of PyRLRs based on the structural differences in response to OA. Collectively, this study demonstrated gene duplication of RLR family genes and provide primary analysis for versatile roles in the response of the bivalve innate immune system to OA challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huan Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zujing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qiang Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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13
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Huang B, Tang X, Zhang L, Li L, Wang W, Liu M, Zhang G. IKKε-like plays an important role in the innate immune signaling of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:551-558. [PMID: 31362091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
IκB-related kinase ε (IKKε) plays a crucial role in the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) by phosphorylating inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and in the regulation of interferon (IFN) gene expression by phosphorylating IFN regulatory factors (IRFs). In this study, we cloned an IKKε homologue cDNA (designated as CgIKKε-like) from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The full 2896-bp cDNA sequence comprised a 2163-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 720 amino acids. CgIKKε-like is ubiquitously expressed, and its mRNA levels in hemocytes after poly I:C, V. alginolyticus, or OsHV-1 μVar challenge were analyzed by real-time PCR. Compared to that in the control, CgIKKε-like mRNA expression levels were significantly increased at 3 h and peaked at 6 h after OsHV-1 μVar challenge; no obvious changes were observed in expression levels until 24 h after either V. alginolyticus or poly I:C challenge, reaching a maximum at 24 h (p < 0.01) and then rapidly decreasing. CgIKKε-like transfection into human cell lines induced NF-κB and ISRE activation, while transfection with CgIKKε-like deletion mutants abolished NF-κB and ISRE reporter gene activation. Additionally, CgIKKε-like could interact with CgTBK1 and could form homodimers strongly, which may be critical for the immune signaling transduction. Last but not least, we found that CgIKKε-like may increase CgIκBs phosphorylation and could interact with CgIRF8. Together, these results suggest that CgIKKε-like could respond to pathogenic infection, participate in the immune signal transduction and activate NF-κB and ISRE reporter genes. Thus, CgIKKε-like could play an important role in the oyster immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xueying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mingkun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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14
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Huang B, Zhang L, Xu F, Tang X, Li L, Wang W, Liu M, Zhang G. Oyster Versatile IKKα/βs Are Involved in Toll-Like Receptor and RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling for Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1826. [PMID: 31417578 PMCID: PMC6685332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IκB kinases (IKKs) play critical roles in innate immunity through signal-induced activation of the key transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). However, studies of invertebrate IKK functions remain scarce. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analysis of IKKs and IKK-related kinases encoded in the Pacific oyster genome. We then cloned and characterized the oyster IKKα/β-2 gene. We found that oyster IKKα/β-2, a homolog of human IKKα/IKKβ, responded to challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. As a versatile immune molecule, IKKα/β-2 activated the promoters of NF-κB, TNFα, and IFNβ, as well as IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-containing promoters, initiating an antibacterial or antiviral immune state in mammalian cells. Importantly, together with the cloned oyster IKKα/β-1, we investigated the signal transduction pathways mediated by these two IKKα/β proteins. Our results showed that IKKα/β-1 and IKKα/β-2 could interact with the oyster TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and that IKKα/β-2 could also bind to the oyster myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) protein directly, suggesting that oyster IKKα/βs participate in both RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling for the reception of upstream immune signals. The fact that IKKα/β-1 and IKKα/β-2 formed homodimers by interacting with themselves and heterodimers by interacting with each other, along with the fact that both oyster IKKα/β proteins interacted with NEMO protein, indicates that oyster IKKα/βs and the scaffold protein NEMO form an IKK complex, which may be a key step in phosphorylating IκB proteins and activating NF-κB. Moreover, we found that oyster IKKα/βs could interact with IRF8, and this may be related to the IKK-mediated activation of ISRE promotors and their involvement in the oyster "interferon (IFN)-like" antiviral pathway. Moreover, the expression of oyster IKKα/β-1 and IKKα/β-2 may induce the phosphorylation of IκB proteins to activate NF-κB. These results reveal the immune function of oyster IKKα/β-2 and establish the existence of mollusk TLR and RLR signaling mediated by IKKα/β proteins for the first time. Our findings should be helpful in deciphering the immune mechanisms of invertebrates and understanding the development of the vertebrate innate immunity network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingkun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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15
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Rosani U, Bai CM, Maso L, Shapiro M, Abbadi M, Domeneghetti S, Wang CM, Cendron L, MacCarthy T, Venier P. A-to-I editing of Malacoherpesviridae RNAs supports the antiviral role of ADAR1 in mollusks. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:149. [PMID: 31337330 PMCID: PMC6651903 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosine deaminase enzymes of the ADAR family are conserved in metazoans. They convert adenine into inosine in dsRNAs and thus alter both structural properties and the coding potential of their substrates. Acting on exogenous dsRNAs, ADAR1 exerts a pro- or anti-viral role in vertebrates and Drosophila. Results We traced 4 ADAR homologs in 14 lophotrochozoan genomes and we classified them into ADAD, ADAR1 or ADAR2, based on phylogenetic and structural analyses of the enzymatic domain. Using RNA-seq and quantitative real time PCR we demonstrated the upregulation of one ADAR1 homolog in the bivalve Crassostrea gigas and in the gastropod Haliotis diversicolor supertexta during Ostreid herpesvirus-1 or Haliotid herpesvirus-1 infection. Accordingly, we demonstrated an extensive ADAR-mediated editing of viral RNAs. Single nucleotide variation (SNV) profiles obtained by pairing RNA- and DNA-seq data from the viral infected individuals resulted to be mostly compatible with ADAR-mediated A-to-I editing (up to 97%). SNVs occurred at low frequency in genomic hotspots, denoted by the overlapping of viral genes encoded on opposite DNA strands. The SNV sites and their upstream neighbor nucleotide indicated the targeting of selected adenosines. The analysis of viral sequences suggested that, under the pressure of the ADAR editing, the two Malacoherpesviridae genomes have evolved to reduce the number of deamination targets. Conclusions We report, for the first time, evidence of an extensive editing of Malacoherpesviridae RNAs attributable to host ADAR1 enzymes. The analysis of base neighbor preferences, structural features and expression profiles of molluscan ADAR1 supports the conservation of the enzyme function among metazoans and further suggested that ADAR1 exerts an antiviral role in mollusks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1472-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 32121, Padova, Italy. .,Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Wadden Sea Station, 25992, List auf Sylt, Germany.
| | - Chang-Ming Bai
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Lorenzo Maso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 32121, Padova, Italy
| | - Maxwell Shapiro
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Abbadi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Chong-Ming Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 32121, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas MacCarthy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 32121, Padova, Italy.
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16
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Li N, Li A, Zheng K, Liu X, Gao L, Liu D, Deng H, Wu W, Liu B, Zhao B, Pang Q. Identification and characterization of an atypical RIG-I encoded by planarian Dugesia japonica and its essential role in the immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:72-84. [PMID: 30355517 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), an RNA sensor with a conserved structure, activates the host interferon (IFN) system to produce IFNs and cytokines for eliminating pathogens upon recognizing PAMPs. However, the biological functions and the mechanism by which RIG-I regulates the innate immunity response in invertebrates are still unknown at present. Here we identified an atypical RIG-I in planarian Dugesia japonica. Sequence analysis, 3D structure modeling and phylogenetic analysis showed that this atypical protein was clustered into a single clade at the base of the tree in invertebrates, suggesting that DjRIG-I is an ancient and unique protein of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the DjRIG-I mRNAs were predominantly expressed in the pharynx and head of the adult and regenerative planarians. Stimulation with PAMPs induced the over-expression of DjRIG-I in planarians. The molecular simulation demonstrated that DjRIG-I formed a large hole-structure for the docking of dsRNAs, and the pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between DjRIG-I and viral analog poly(I:C). Importantly, some representative antiviral/antibacterial genes in the RIG-I-mediated IFN and P38 signaling pathway, TBK1, IRF-3, Mx, and P38, were significantly upregulated in planarians stimulated with PAMPs. Interference of the DjRIG-I expression by RNAi, inhibited the PAMPs-induced over-expression, suggesting that DjRIG-I is a key player for downstream signaling events. These results indicate that DjRIG-I triggered the intracellular signaling cascades independent of the classical CARD domains and played an essential role in the virus/bacteria-induced innate immunity of planarian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Ao Li
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Shenzhen University of Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
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17
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Qu F, Xiang Z, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Yu Z. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 from Anodonta woodiana is an important factor in bivalve immune response to pathogen infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:151-159. [PMID: 29017949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a multifunctional adaptor protein in innate and acquired immune system that plays a key role in the regulation of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in mammals. However, the immune function of TRAF3 homologs in freshwater mollusks is not well understood. In this study, we identified a bivalve TRAF3 gene (AwTRAF3) from Anodonta woodiana and investigated its potential roles during immune challenges. The present AwTRAF3 encoded a polypeptide of 562 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 64.5 kDa and PI of 7.9. Similar to other reported TRAF3s, AwTRAF3 contained a RING finger domain, two TRAF domains with zinc finger domains, a coiled coli region and a conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that AwTRAF3 mRNA was broadly expressed in all of the examined tissues, with high expression in hepatopancreas, gill and heart. In addition, immune challenge experiments directly showed that transcript levels of AwTRAF3 in hepatopancreas were significantly regulated upon bacterial (Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus) and viral (poly (I:C)) challenges, respectively. Moreover, GFP-tagged AwTRAF3 fusion protein was found to be located primarily in the cytoplasm in HEK293T cells. Altogether, these data provided the first experimental demonstration that freshwater mollusks possess a functional TRAF3 that was involved in the innate defense against bacterial and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yanping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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18
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Lafont M, Petton B, Vergnes A, Pauletto M, Segarra A, Gourbal B, Montagnani C. Long-lasting antiviral innate immune priming in the Lophotrochozoan Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13143. [PMID: 29030632 PMCID: PMC5640609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a paradigm shift has emerged in comparative immunology. Invertebrates can no longer be considered to be devoid of specific recognition and immune memory. However, we still lack a comprehensive view of these phenomena and their molecular mechanisms across phyla, especially in terms of duration, specificity, and efficiency in a natural context. In this study, we focused on a Lophotrochozoan/virus interaction, as antiviral priming is mostly overlooked in molluscs. Juvenile Crassostrea gigas oysters experience reoccurring mass mortalities events from Ostreid herpes virus 1 with no existing therapeutic treatment. Our results showed that various nucleic acid injections can prime oysters to trigger an antiviral state ultimately protecting them against a subsequent viral infection. Focusing on poly(I:C) as elicitor, we evidenced that it protected from an environmental infection, by mitigating viral replication. That protection seemed to induce a specific antiviral response as poly(I:C) fails to protect against a pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we showed that this phenomenon was long-lasting, persisting for at least 5 months thus suggesting for the first time the existence of innate immune memory in this invertebrate species. This study strengthens the emerging hypotheses about the broad conservation of innate immune priming and memory mechanisms in Lophotrochozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lafont
- Ifremer, IHPE, UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095, Montpellier, France.,Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR6539, F-29840, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France
| | - Agnès Vergnes
- Ifremer, IHPE, UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science. University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Amélie Segarra
- Univ. Brest Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- Ifremer, IHPE, UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Huang B, Zhang L, Du Y, Xu F, Li L, Zhang G. Characterization of the Mollusc RIG-I/MAVS Pathway Reveals an Archaic Antiviral Signalling Framework in Invertebrates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8217. [PMID: 28811654 PMCID: PMC5557890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS)-dependent RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signalling pathway in the cytosol plays an indispensable role in the antiviral immunity of the host, surprising little is known in invertebrates. Here we characterized the major members of RLR pathway and investigated their signal transduction a Molluscs. We show that genes involved in RLR pathway were significantly induced during virus challenge, including CgRIG-I-1, CgMAVS, CgTRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6), and CgIRFs (interferon regulatory factors. Similar to human RIG-I, oyster RIG-I-1 could bind poly(I:C) directly in vitro and interact with oyster MAVS via its caspase activation and recruitment domains. We also show that transmembrane domain-dependent self-association of CgMAVS may be crucial for its signalling and that CgMAVS can recruit the downstream signalling molecule, TRAF6, which can subsequently activate NF-κB signal pathway. Moreover, oyster IRFs appeared to function downstream of CgMAVS and were able to activate the interferon β promoter and interferon stimulated response elements in mammalian cells. These results establish invertebrate MAVS-dependent RLR signalling for the first time and would be helpful for deciphering the antiviral mechanisms of invertebrates and understanding the development of the vertebrate RLR network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yishuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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20
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Paces J, Nic M, Novotny T, Svoboda P. Literature review of baseline information to support the risk assessment of RNAi‐based GM plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMCID: PMC7163844 DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paces
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMG)
| | | | | | - Petr Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMG)
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21
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Ren Y, Xue J, Yang H, Pan B, Bu W. Transcriptome analysis of Ruditapes philippinarum hepatopancreas provides insights into immune signaling pathways under Vibrio anguillarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:14-23. [PMID: 28267631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the most economically important aquatic clams that are harvested on a large scale by the mariculture industry in China. However, increasing reports of bacterial pathogenic diseases have had a negative effect on the aquaculture industry of R. philippinarum. In the present study, the two transcriptome libraries of untreated (termed H) and challenged Vibrio anguillarum (termed HV) hepatopancreas were constructed and sequenced from Manila clam using an Illumina-based paired-end sequencing platform. In total, 75,302,886 and 66,578,976 high-quality clean reads were assembled from 101,080,746 and 99,673,538 raw data points from the two transcriptome libraries described above, respectively. Furthermore, 156,116 unigenes were generated from 210,685 transcripts, with an N50 length of 1125 bp, and from the annotated SwissProt, NR, NT, KO, GO, KOG and KEGG databases. Moreover, a total of 4071 differentially expressed unigenes (HV vs H) were detected, including 903 up-regulated and 3168 down-regulated genes. Among these differentially expressed unigenes, 226 unigenes were annotated using KEGG annotation in 16 immune-related signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, MAPK, NOD-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor, and the TNF and chemokine signaling pathways. Finally, 20,341 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 214,430 potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected from the H and HV transcriptome libraries. In conclusion, these studies identified many candidate immune-related genes and signaling pathways and conducted a comparative analysis of the differentially expressed unigenes from Manila clam hepatopancreas in response to V. anguillarum stimulation. These data laid the foundation for studying the innate immune systems and defense mechanisms in R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Ren
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Junli Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Baoping Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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22
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Feng J, Guo S, Lin P, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yu L. Identification of a retinoic acid-inducible gene I from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and expression analysis in vivo and in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:249-256. [PMID: 27238428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene-I) is one of the key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for the recognition of cytosolic viral nucleic acids and the production of type I interferons (IFNs). The full-length cDNA sequence of RIG-I (AjRIG-I) in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) was identified and characterized in this article. The full-length cDNA of AjRIG-I was 3468 bp, including a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 52 bp, a 3'-UTR of 617 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 2799 bp encoding a polypeptide of 933 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 106.2 kDa. NCBI CDD analysis showed that the AjRIG-I protein had the typical conserved domains, including two adjacent caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), a DEXDc domain, a HELICc domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed a broad expression for AjRIG-I in a wide range of tissues, with the predominant expression in liver, followed by the gills, spleen, kidney, intestine, skin, and the very low expression in muscle and heart. The AjRIG-I expressions in liver, spleen and kidney were significantly induced following injection with LPS, the viral mimic poly I:C, and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In vitro, the AjRIG-I transcripts of Japanese eel liver cells were significantly enhanced by poly I:C and PGN stimulation, down-regulated with CpG-DNA treatment whereas no change of the expression level was found post LPS challenge. These results collectively suggested AjRIG-I transcripts expression possibly play an important role in fish defense against viral and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Feng
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Songlin Guo
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Peng Lin
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zaipeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lili Yu
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
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23
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Pang Q, Gao L, Hu W, An Y, Deng H, Zhang Y, Sun X, Zhu G, Liu B, Zhao B. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151597. [PMID: 26986572 PMCID: PMC4795655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica (D. japonica) possesses extraordinary ability to regenerate lost organs or body parts. Interestingly, in the process of regeneration, there is little wound infection, suggesting that D. japonica has a formidable innate immune system. The importance of immune system prompted us to search for immune-related genes and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. Results Transcriptome sequencing of D. japonica was performed on an IlluminaHiSeq2000 platform. A total of 27,180 transcripts were obtained by Trinity assembler. CEGMA analysis and mapping of all trimmed reads back to the assembly result showed that our transcriptome assembly covered most of the whole transcriptome. 23,888 out of 27,180 transcripts contained ORF (open reading fragment), and were highly similar to those in Schistosoma mansoni using BLASTX analysis. 8,079 transcripts (29.7%) and 8,668 (31.9%) were annotated by Blast2GO and KEGG respectively. A DYNLRB-like gene was cloned to verify its roles in the immune response. Finally, the expression patterns of 4 genes (RIG-I, TRAF3, TRAF6, P38) in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were detected, and the results showed they are very likely to be involved in planarian immune response. Conclusion RNA-Seq analysis based on the next-generation sequencing technology was an efficient approach to discover critical genes and to understand their corresponding biological functions. Through GO and KEGG analysis, several critical and conserved signaling pathways and genes related to RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were identified. Four candidate genes were selected to identify their expression dynamics in the process of pathogen stimulation. These annotated transcripts of D. japonica provide a useful resource for subsequent investigation of other important pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yang An
- Immolife-biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Guangzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- * E-mail: (BSZ); (BHL)
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- * E-mail: (BSZ); (BHL)
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24
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Zhang G, Li L, Meng J, Qi H, Qu T, Xu F, Zhang L. Molecular Basis for Adaptation of Oysters to Stressful Marine Intertidal Environments. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 4:357-81. [PMID: 26515272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oysters that occupy estuarine and intertidal habitats have well-developed stress tolerance mechanisms to tolerate harsh and dynamically changing environments. In this review, we summarize common pathways and genomic features in oyster that are responsive to environmental stressors such as temperature, salinity, hypoxia, air exposure, pathogens, and anthropogenic pollutions. We first introduce the key genes involved in several pathways, which constitute the molecular basis for adaptation to stress. We use genome analysis to highlight the strong cellular homeostasis system, a unique adaptive characteristic of oysters. Next, we provide a global view of features of the oyster genome that contribute to stress adaptation, including oyster-specific gene expansion, highly inducible expression, and functional divergence. Finally, we review the consequences of interactions between oysters and the environment from ecological and evolutionary perspectives by discussing mass mortality and adaptive divergence among populations and related species of the genus Crassostrea. We conclude with prospects for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
| | - Haigang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
| | - Tao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China;
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25
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Li C, Li H, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Weng SP, Xu X, He J. Activation of Vago by interferon regulatory factor (IRF) suggests an interferon system-like antiviral mechanism in shrimp. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15078. [PMID: 26459861 PMCID: PMC4602278 DOI: 10.1038/srep15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a debate on whether invertebrates possess an antiviral immunity similar to the interferon (IFN) system of vertebrates. The Vago gene from arthropods encodes a viral-activated secreted peptide that restricts virus infection through activating the JAK-STAT pathway and is considered to be a cytokine functionally similar to IFN. In this study, the first crustacean IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-like gene was identified in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The L. vannamei IRF showed similar protein nature to mammalian IRFs and could be activated during virus infection. As a transcriptional regulatory factor, L. vannamei IRF could activate the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-containing promoter to regulate the expression of mammalian type I IFNs and initiate an antiviral state in mammalian cells. More importantly, IRF could bind the 5′-untranslated region of L. vannamei Vago4 gene and activate its transcription, suggesting that shrimp Vago may be induced in a similar manner to that of IFNs and supporting the opinion that Vago might function as an IFN-like molecule in invertebrates. These suggested that shrimp might possess an IRF-Vago-JAK/STAT regulatory axis, which is similar to the IRF-IFN-JAK/STAT axis of vertebrates, indicating that invertebrates might possess an IFN system-like antiviral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haoyang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yonggui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, P.R. China
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26
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Li C, Qu T, Huang B, Ji P, Huang W, Que H, Li L, Zhang G. Cloning and characterization of a novel caspase-8-like gene in Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:486-492. [PMID: 26143079 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases, or caspases, play key roles in apoptosis and immune defense. In this study, we cloned the first caspase-8-like gene (CgCaspase8-2) identified in the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The 2572-bp cDNA encodes a putative protein of 714 amino acids that contains two tandem death effector domains (DEDs) at the N-terminal, and P20 and P10 domains at the C-terminal. The conserved pentapeptide motif QACQG was also identified in the deduced CgCaspase8-2 protein. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CgCaspase8-2 was clustered with initiator caspases in the invertebrate subgroup, but the similarity between CgCaspase8-2 and other invertebrate caspase-8s was low. CgCaspase8-2 protein was localized in the cytoplasm, and over-expression of CgCaspase8-2 in HEK293T cells induced cell death, suggesting a role in apoptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that CgCaspase8-2 was widely expressed in various tissues and developmental stages, with the highest CgCaspase8-2 expression levels detected in hemolymph and the blastula stage. Furthermore, CgCaspase8-2 transcripts showed no change in response to a bacterial challenge but exhibited notable up-regulation post-poly (I:C) challenge, suggesting that CgCaspase8-2 is specifically involved in immune responses against viruses. In summary, CgCaspase8-2 is involved in both apoptotic and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tao Qu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Peng Ji
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wen Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Huayong Que
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Li Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Guofan Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Gerdol M, Venier P. An updated molecular basis for mussel immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:17-38. [PMID: 25700785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-self recognition with the consequent tolerance or immune reaction is a crucial process to succeed as living organisms. At the same time the interactions between host species and their microbiome, including potential pathogens and parasites, significantly contribute to animal life diversity. Marine filter-feeding bivalves, mussels in particular, can survive also in heavily anthropized coastal waters despite being constantly surrounded by microorganisms. Based on the first outline of the Mytilus galloprovincialis immunome dated 2011, the continuously growing transcript data and the recent release of a draft mussel genome, we explored the available sequence data and scientific literature to reinforce our knowledge on the main gene-encoded elements of the mussel immune responses, from the pathogen recognition to its clearance. We carefully investigated molecules specialized in the sensing and targeting of potential aggressors, expected to show greater molecular diversification, and outlined, whenever relevant, the interconnected cascades of the intracellular signal transduction. Aiming to explore the diversity of extracellular, membrane-bound and intracellular pattern recognition receptors in mussel, we updated a highly complex immune system, comprising molecules which are described here in detail for the first time (e.g. NOD-like receptors) or which had only been partially characterized in bivalves (e.g. RIG-like receptors). Overall, our comparative sequence analysis supported the identification of over 70 novel full-length immunity-related transcripts in M. galloprovincialis. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of gene functions relevant to immunity, the involvement of part of them in other vital processes, and also the lack of a refined mussel genome make this work still not-exhaustive and support the development of more specific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Immune responses to infectious diseases in bivalves. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 131:121-36. [PMID: 26003824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many species of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) are important in fisheries and aquaculture, whilst others are critical to ecosystem structure and function. These crucial roles mean that considerable attention has been paid to the immune responses of bivalves such as oysters, clams and mussels against infectious diseases that can threaten the viability of entire populations. As with many invertebrates, bivalves have a comprehensive repertoire of immune cells, genes and proteins. Hemocytes represent the backbone of the bivalve immune system. However, it is clear that mucosal tissues at the interface with the environment also play a critical role in host defense. Bivalve immune cells express a range of pattern recognition receptors and are highly responsive to the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns. Their responses to infection include chemotaxis, phagolysosomal activity, encapsulation, complex intracellular signaling and transcriptional activity, apoptosis, and the induction of anti-viral states. Bivalves also express a range of inducible extracellular recognition and effector proteins, such as lectins, peptidoglycan-recognition proteins, thioester bearing proteins, lipopolysaccharide and β1,3-glucan-binding proteins, fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and antimicrobial proteins. The identification of FREPs and other highly diversified gene families in bivalves leaves open the possibility that some of their responses to infection may involve a high degree of pathogen specificity and immune priming. The current review article provides a comprehensive, but not exhaustive, description of these factors and how they are regulated by infectious agents. It concludes that one of the remaining challenges is to use new "omics" technologies to understand how this diverse array of factors is integrated and controlled during infection.
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Paro S, Imler JL, Meignin C. Sensing viral RNAs by Dicer/RIG-I like ATPases across species. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 32:106-13. [PMID: 25658360 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Induction of antiviral immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on members of the RIG-I-like receptor and Dicer families, respectively. Although these proteins have different size and domain composition, members of both families share a conserved DECH-box helicase domain. This helicase, also known as a duplex RNA activated ATPase, or DRA domain, plays an important role in viral RNA sensing. Crystallographic and electron microscopy studies of the RIG-I and Dicer DRA domains indicate a common structure and that similar conformational changes are induced by dsRNA binding. Genetic and biochemical studies on the function and regulation of DRAs reveal similarities, but also some differences, between viral RNA sensing mechanisms in nematodes, flies and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Paro
- Antiviral Immunity Group, CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Imler
- Antiviral Immunity Group, CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France; Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carine Meignin
- Antiviral Immunity Group, CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France; Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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