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Chakrapani S, Panigrahi A, Palanichamy E, Thangaraj SK, Radhakrishnan N, Panigrahi P, Nagarathnam R. Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Stylicin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Shrimp Penaeus vannamei through Comparative Proteomic Approach. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:76-92. [PMID: 36459385 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The shrimp immune system defends and protects against infection by its naturally expressing antimicrobial peptides. Stylicin is a proline-rich anionic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, stylicin gene was isolated from Penaeus vannamei, cloned into vector pET-28a ( +), and overexpressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 cells. The protein was purified and tested for its antibiofilm activity against shrimp pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It was resulted that the recombinant stylicin significantly reduced the biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg. Cell aggregation was observed by using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and it was resulted that stylicin administration significantly affects the cell structure and biofilm density of V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation (p < 0.05) of genes responsible for growth and colonization. The efficacy of stylicin was tested by injecting it into shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and 7 days after infection, stylicin-treated animals recovered and survived better in both treatments (T2-100 µg stylicin, - 68.8%; T1-50 µg stylicin, 60%) than in control (7%) (p < 0.01). Comparative proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis of shrimp hemolymph resulted that the expressed proteins were involved in cell cycle, signal transduction, immune pathways, and stress-related proteins representing infection and recovery, and were significantly different in the stylicin-treated groups. The result of this study suggests that the stylicin can naturally boost immunity and can be used as a choice for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chakrapani
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Akshaya Panigrahi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India.
| | - Esakkiraj Palanichamy
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Thangaraj
- Aquatic Animal Health & Environment Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Naveenkumar Radhakrishnan
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Puspamitra Panigrahi
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON), Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Loffredo MR, Nencioni L, Mangoni ML, Casciaro B. Antimicrobial peptides for novel antiviral strategies in the current post-COVID-19 pandemic. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3534. [PMID: 37501572 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted how urgent and necessary the discovery of new antiviral compounds is for novel therapeutic approaches. Among the various classes of molecules with antiviral activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immunity are among the most promising ones, mainly due to their different mechanisms of action against viruses and additional biological properties. In this review, the main physicochemical characteristics of AMPs are described, with particular interest toward peptides derived from amphibian skin. Living in aquatic and terrestrial environments, amphibians are one of the richest sources of AMPs with different primary and secondary structures. Besides describing the various antiviral activities of these peptides and the underlying mechanism, this review aims at emphasizing the high potential of these small molecules for the development of new antiviral agents that likely reduce the selection of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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3
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Xin F, Zhang X. Hallmarks of crustacean immune hemocytes at single-cell resolution. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121528. [PMID: 36761772 PMCID: PMC9902875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In invertebrates, hemocytes are the key factors in innate immunity. However, the types of invertebrate immune hemocytes are unclassified due to the limitation of morphological classification. To determine the immune hemocytes of crustaceans, the heterogeneity of hemocytes of shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus and crayfish Procambarus clarkii, two representative crustacean species, were characterized in this study. The results of single-cell RNA sequencing indicated that shrimp and crayfish contained 11 and 12 types of hemocytes, respectively. Each of different types of hemocytes specifically expressed the potential marker genes. Based on the responses of shrimp and crayfish to the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and the challenge of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), four types of immune hemocytes of crustaceans were classified, including semi-granular hemocytes involved in antimicrobial peptide production, granular hemocytes responsible for the production of antimicrobial peptides, hemocytes related to cell proliferation and hemocytes in immunity-activated state. Therefore, our study provided the first classification of crustacean hemocytes as well as of immune hemocytes of crustaceans at the single-cell resolution, which would be helpful to understand the innate immunity of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Zhang,
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4
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Amparyup P, Sungkaew S, Charoensapsri W, Chumtong P, Yocawibun P, Tapaneeyaworawong P, Wongpanya R, Imjongjirak C. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and identification of the theromacin antimicrobial peptide of the copepod Apocyclops royi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104464. [PMID: 35691054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copepods, including Apocyclops royi, are small aquatic crustaceans and one of the important foods for fish and shellfish larvae. However, studies of the host-pathogen interactions and understanding of infectious disease in copepods are still very limited, yet they are likely to be a significant factor in the sustainable development of copepod aquaculture. In the present study, we performed de novo RNA sequence analysis of A. royi-TH (a Thai isolate of A. royi), which yielded 4.80 Gb bases of clean data and a total of 29,786 unigenes. Annotation was then performed by comparison against seven functional databases, yielding 17,617 (NR: 59.15%), 2,969 (NT: 9.97%), 15,023 (SwissProt: 50.44%), 14,543 (KOG: 48.82%), 15,077 (KEGG: 50.62%), 6,763(GO: 22.71%), and 15,841 (InterPro: 53.18%) unigenes. In comparison to the components of the shrimp Toll pathway, LGBP, Spätzle, Toll receptors, MyD88, Pelle, TRAF6, Dorsal, and Cactus homologs were successfully identified in A. royi-TH. Additionally, a novel antimicrobial peptide (Theromacin-like) was characterized in A. royi (ArTM-like). The ArTM-like ORF was 279 bp and predicted to encode for 92 amino acid residues, with a mature peptide of 75 amino acids and a molecular mass of 8.56 kDa. The genomic organization of the ArTM-like gene consisted of three exons and two introns. Expression analysis indicated that ArTM-like mRNA was abundantly expressed in copepodid and adult stages as an immune responsive gene after infection with the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus-(AHPND)-causing strain. Altogether, the knowledge obtained in this study will provide a basis for future functional studies of the molecular mechanisms in copepod immunity that may eventually be applied for disease prevention in copepod aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piti Amparyup
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Supakarn Sungkaew
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parichat Chumtong
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Patchari Yocawibun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Paveena Tapaneeyaworawong
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanprapa Imjongjirak
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Shrimp Antimicrobial Peptides: A Multitude of Possibilities. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Xiang X, Jiang Q, Shao W, Li J, Zhou Y, Chen L, Deng S, Zheng B, Chen Y. Protective Effects of Shrimp Peptide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:773064. [PMID: 34901119 PMCID: PMC8652227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.773064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, an intestinal relapsing inflammatory disease, not only impairs gastrointestinal function but also increases the chances of developing colon cancer. Currently, the effects of shrimp peptide (SP) in mice model of ulcerative colitis (UC) are still unclear. In particular, it is uncertain whether SP affects the gut flora with UC mice. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of UC. Firstly, the molecular weight of SP was mainly distributed in the range of 180-1,000 Da (61.95% proportion), and the amino acid composition showed that SP contained 17 amino acids, of which, the essential amino acids accounted for 54.50%. In vivo, oral SP significantly attenuated the severity of colitis, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and rectal bleeding. Furthermore, treatment with SP remarkably ameliorated intestinal barrier integrity, thus lowering the levels of the inflammatory cytokines and ameliorating antioxidant indices and intestinal injury indicators in the serum and colon. Lastly, the cecal contents were used to sequence and analyze the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria. Results suggested that treatment with SP could restore the balance of intestinal flora in modeled mice by regulating the abundance of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Furthermore, SP could significantly improve intestinal flora dysfunction in mice with UC. In summary, our findings show that SP has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect in UC in vivo, thereby highlighting its broad medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan Shao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Zhou
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanggui Deng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
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7
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Zhang S, Hou C, Xiao B, Yao Y, Xiao W, Li C, Shi L. Identification and function of an Arasin-like peptide from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104174. [PMID: 34324899 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in the host defense system of shrimps. In this study, an Arasin-like peptide, named as LvArasin-like, was identified from the hemocytes of the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of LvArasin-like was 213 bp, encoding 70 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 5.68 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 6.73. The predicted peptide consisted of a signal peptide, an N-terminal Pro/Arg-rich domain, and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. LvArasin-like expression was most abundant in the gills and was up-regulated in hemocytes after LPS or Poly I:C injection as well as challenges by Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus infection. In the heterologous expression system, LvArasin-like protein (rLvArasin-like) was recombinantly expressed in the forms of a dimer or both a monomer and dimer. The rLvArasin-like could directly bind to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards them, with 50 % of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) of 6.25-50 μM. Moreover, dsRNA-mediated knockdown of LvArasin-like enhanced the susceptibility of shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, the transcriptional level of LvArasin-like was downregulated when silencing of the transcription factors LvDorsal and LvRelish using RNAi in vivo. All of these results suggest that LvArasin-like is involved in host defense against bacterial infection. Therefore, it is a potential therapeutic agent for disease control in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Bang Xiao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanmao Yao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
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Sumon TA, Hussain MA, Hasan M, Rashid A, Abualreesh MH, Jang WJ, Sharifuzzaman SM, Brown CL, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Antiviral peptides from aquatic organisms: Functionality and potential inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 541:736783. [PMID: 33883784 PMCID: PMC8049179 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several antiviral peptides (AVPs) from aquatic organisms have been effective in interfering with the actions of infectious viruses, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and 2. AVPs are able to block viral attachment or entry into host cells, inhibit internal fusion or replication events by suppressing viral gene transcription, and prevent viral infections by modulating host immunity. Therefore, as promising therapeutics, the potential of aquatic AVPs for use against the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is considered. At present no therapeutic drugs are yet available. A total of 32 AVPs derived from fish and shellfish species are discussed in this review paper with notes on their properties and mechanisms of action in the inhibition of viral diseases both in humans and animals, emphasizing on SARS-CoV-2. The molecular structure of novel SARS-CoV-2 with its entry mechanisms, clinical signs and symptoms are also discussed. In spite of only a few study of these AVPs against SARS-CoV-2, aquatic AVPs properties and infection pathways (entry, replication and particle release) into coronaviruses are linked in this paper to postulate an analysis of their potential but unconfirmed actions to impair SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofael Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Aminur Rashid
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Muyassar Hamid Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Won Je Jang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Sharifuzzaman
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher Lyon Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tawheed Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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9
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Koiwai K, Koyama T, Tsuda S, Toyoda A, Kikuchi K, Suzuki H, Kawano R. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals penaeid shrimp hemocyte subpopulations and cell differentiation process. eLife 2021; 10:e66954. [PMID: 34132195 PMCID: PMC8266392 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustacean aquaculture is expected to be a major source of fishery commodities in the near future. Hemocytes are key players of the immune system in shrimps; however, their classification, maturation, and differentiation are still under debate. To date, only discrete and inconsistent information on the classification of shrimp hemocytes has been reported, showing that the morphological characteristics are not sufficient to resolve their actual roles. Our present study using single-cell RNA sequencing revealed six types of hemocytes of Marsupenaeus japonicus based on their transcriptional profiles. We identified markers of each subpopulation and predicted the differentiation pathways involved in their maturation. We also predicted cell growth factors that might play crucial roles in hemocyte differentiation. Different immune roles among these subpopulations were suggested from the analysis of differentially expressed immune-related genes. These results provide a unified classification of shrimp hemocytes, which improves the understanding of its immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Koiwai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiJapan
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and TechnologyMinatoJapan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoHamamatsuJapan
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | | | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoHamamatsuJapan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo UniversityBunkyoJapan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiJapan
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10
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Machado LGV, Goncalves P, Barreto C, Perazzolo LM, Rosa RD. Farfantepenaeus gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides: Identification, molecular characterization and gene expression in response to fungal infections. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 182:107586. [PMID: 33812924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize, at the molecular and transcriptional levels, sequences encoding the different members of the four families of shrimp antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in species of the genus Farfantepenaeus. The identification of the AMP sequences was performed by in silico analysis as well as by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing. We identified all seven shrimp ALFs (ALF-A to ALF-G), both Type IIa and Type IIb crustins as well as two stylicins (STY1 and STY2) in Farfantepenaeus. Only two genes (PEN1/2 and PEN4) of the four-member penaeidin family (PEN1/2 to PEN5) were found and this is the first report of stylicins as well as of several additional members of ALFs, crustins and penaeidins in species of the genus Farfantepenaeus. All AMP genes have shown to be constitutively transcribed in the shrimp immune cells (hemocytes), except for ALF-G. Finally, the transcriptional profile of the different AMPs was assessed in the hemocytes of F. paulensis (pink shrimp) following an experimental infection with the opportunistic filamentous fungus Fusarium solani. We found that while the expression of ALF-B was induced at 24 h, the STY2 gene was down-regulated at 48 h post-challenge. These results provide evidence of the molecular diversity of AMPs from shrimp of the genus Farfantepenaeus in terms of sequences, biochemical properties and expression profiles in response to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Vasconcelos Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cairé Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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11
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Encinas-García T, Mendoza-Cano F, Porchas-Cornejo M, Peña-Rodríguez A, Enríquez-Espinoza T, Sánchez-Paz A. The white spot syndrome virus hijacks the expression of the Penaeus vannamei Toll signaling pathway to evade host immunity and facilitate its replication. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:905-912. [PMID: 31302285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the most lethal pathogen of shrimp, is a dsDNA virus with approximately a 300,000 base pairs and contains approximately 180-500 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), of which only 6% show homology to any known protein from other viruses or organisms. Although most of its ORFs encode enzymes for nucleotide metabolism, DNA replication, and protein modification, the WSSV uses some of its encoded proteins successfully to take control of the metabolism of the host and avoid immune responses. The contribution of the shrimp innate immune response to prevent viral invasions is recognized but yet not fully understood. Thus, the role of several components of Toll pathway of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei against WSSV has been previously described, and the consequential effects occurring through the cascade remain unknown. In the current study the effects of WSSV over various components of the shrimp Toll pathway were studied. The gene expression of Spätzle, Toll, Tube, Cactus and Dorsal was altered after 6-12 h post inoculation. The expression of LvToll3, LvCactus, LvDorsal, decreased ~4.4-, ~3.7- and ~7.3-fold at 48, 24 and 48 hpi, respectively. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction (~18-fold) in the expression of the gene encoding LvCactus in WSSV infected specimens was observed at 6 hpi. This may be a sophisticated strategy exploited by WSSV to evade the Toll-mediated immune action, and to promote its replication, thereby contributing to viral fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Encinas-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Análisis, Referencia y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Ángeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83106, Mexico
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Cano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Análisis, Referencia y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Ángeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83106, Mexico
| | - Marco Porchas-Cornejo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Km 2.35 Carretera a Las Tinajas, S/N Colonia Tinajas, Guaymas, Sonora, C.P. 85460, Mexico
| | - Alberto Peña-Rodríguez
- CONACyT, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), IPN 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - Tania Enríquez-Espinoza
- Universidad Estatal de Sonora. Unidad Académica Hermosillo, Ley Federal del Trabajo s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83100, Mexico
| | - Arturo Sánchez-Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Análisis, Referencia y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Ángeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83106, Mexico.
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Farias ND, Falchetti M, Matos GM, Schmitt P, Barreto C, Argenta N, Rolland JL, Bachère E, Perazzolo LM, Rosa RD. Litopenaeus vannamei stylicins are constitutively produced by hemocytes and intestinal cells and are differentially modulated upon infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:82-92. [PMID: 30439499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stylicins are anionic antimicrobial host defense peptides (AAMPs) composed of a proline-rich N-terminal region and a C-terminal portion containing 13 conserved cysteine residues. Here, we have increased our knowledge about these unexplored crustacean AAMPs by the characterization of novel stylicin members in the most cultivated penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. We showed that the L. vannamei stylicin family is composed of two members (Lvan-Stylicin1 and Lvan-Stylicin2) encoded by different loci which vary in gene copy number. Unlike the other three gene-encoded antimicrobial peptide families from penaeid shrimp, the expression of Lvan-Stylicins is not restricted to hemocytes. Indeed, they are also produced by the columnar epithelial cells lining the midgut and its anterior caecum. Interestingly, Lvan-Stylicins are simultaneously transcribed at different transcriptional levels in a single shrimp and are differentially modulated in hemocytes after infections. While the expression of both genes showed to be responsive to damage-associated molecular patterns, only Lvan-Stylicin2 was induced after a Vibrio infection. Besides, Lvan-Stylicins also showed a distinct pattern of gene expression in the three portions of the midgut (anterior, middle and posterior) and during shrimp development. We provide here the first evidence of the diversity of the stylicin antimicrobial peptide family in terms of sequence and gene expression distribution and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Dantas Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Machado Matos
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2373223, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cairé Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Argenta
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jean-Luc Rolland
- Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 34090, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 34090, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Tassanakajon A, Rimphanitchayakit V, Visetnan S, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Charoensapsri W, Tang S. Shrimp humoral responses against pathogens: antimicrobial peptides and melanization. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:81-93. [PMID: 28501515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases have caused tremendous economic losses and become the major problem threatening the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture. The knowledge of host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens is essential for the implementation of efficient strategies to prevent disease outbreaks. Like other invertebrates, shrimp rely on the innate immune system to defend themselves against a range of microbes by recognizing and destroying them through cellular and humoral immune responses. Detection of microbial pathogens triggers the signal transduction pathways including the NF-κB signaling, Toll and Imd pathways, resulting in the activation of genes involved in host defense responses. In this review, we update the discovery of components of the Toll and Imd pathways in shrimp and their participation in the regulation of shrimp antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. We also focus on a recent progress on the two most powerful and the best-studied shrimp humoral responses: AMPs and melanization. Shrimp AMPs are mainly cationic peptides with sequence diversity which endues them the broad range of activities against microorganisms. Melanization, regulated by the prophenoloxidase activating cascade, also plays a crucial role in killing and sequestration of invading pathogens. The progress and emerging research on mechanisms and functional characterization of components of these two indispensable humoral responses in shrimp immunity are summarized and discussed. Interestingly, the pattern recognition protein (PRP) crosstalk is evidenced between the proPO activating cascade and the AMP synthesis pathways in shrimp, which enables the innate immune system to build up efficient immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Tang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Zhong S, Mao Y, Wang J, Liu M, Zhang M, Su Y. Transcriptome analysis of Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) hepatopancreas in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) under experimental infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:710-719. [PMID: 28943297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) is one of the most valuable crustacean species in capture fisheries and mariculture in the Indo-West Pacific. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a highly virulent pathogen which has seriously threatened Kuruma shrimp aquaculture sector. However, little information is available in relation to underlying mechanisms of host-virus interaction in Kuruma shrimp. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis from the hepatopancreas of Kuruma shrimp challenged by WSSV, using Illumina-based RNA-Seq. A total of 39,084,942 pair end (PE) reads, including 19,566,190 reads from WSSV-infected group and 19,518,752 reads from non-infected (control) group, were obtained and assembled into 33,215 unigenes with an average length of 503.7 bp and N50 of 601 bp. Approximately 17,000 unigenes were predicted and classified based on homology search, gene ontology, clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, and biological pathway mapping. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2150 up-regulated and 1931 down-regulated, were found. Among those, 805 DEGs were identified and categorized into 14 groups based on their possible functions. Many genes associated with JAK-STAT signaling pathways, Integrin-mediated signal transduction, Ras signaling pathways, apoptosis and phagocytosis were positively modified after WSSV challenge. The proteolytic cascades including Complement-like activation and Hemolymph coagulations likely participated in antiviral immune response. The transcriptome data from hepatopancreas of Kuruma shrimp under WSSV challenge provided comprehensive information for identifying novel immune related genes in this valuable crustacean species despite the absence of the genome database of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai, 536000, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530005, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, China.
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15
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Recent progress in the development of white spot syndrome virus vaccines for protecting shrimp against viral infection. Arch Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zheng J, Mao Y, Su Y, Wang J. Effects of nitrite stress on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, immune-related genes and apoptosis-related proteins in Marsupenaeus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:239-252. [PMID: 27582290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite accumulation in aquaculture systems is a potential risk factor that may trigger stress responses in aquatic organisms. However, the mechanisms regulating the responses of shrimp to nitrite stress remain unclear. In this study, full-length cDNA sequences of two apoptosis-related genes, caspase-3 and defender against apoptotic death (DAD-1), were cloned from Marsupenaeus japonicus for the first time, and their expression levels and tissue distribution were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The full lengths of Mjcaspase-3 and MjDAD-1 were 1203 bp and 640 bp respectively, with deduced amino acid (AA) sequences of 321 and 114 AA. Mjcaspase-3 was predominantly expressed in haemocytes and weakly expressed in the seven other tissues tested. MjDAD-1 was mainly expressed in the defense and digestive tissues, especially in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes. To explore the influence of nitrite stress on the genetic response of antioxidant enzymes, immune-related genes and apoptosis-related proteins, the mRNA expression profiles of MjCAT, MjMnSOD, Mj-ilys, Mj-sty, Mjcaspase-3 and MjDAD-1 in response to nitrite stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The mRNA levels of MjCAT, MjMnSOD, Mj-ilys, Mj-sty, Mjcaspase-3 and MjDAD-1 show both time- and dose-dependent changes in response to nitrite stress. The mRNA expression levels of MjCAT and MjSOD peaked at 6 h for all nitrite concentrations tested (p < 0.05) and the up-regulated of MjCAT and MjSOD exhibited a positive correlation with the nitrite concentration. The mRNA expression levels of Mj-ilys and Mj-sty gradually decreased during the experiment period. Mjcaspase-3 mRNA level reached a maximum at 6 h (p < 0.05), and MjDAD-1 reached its peak at 12 h and 48 h in 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L nitrite, respectively. In addition, CAT and SOD activity showed changes in response to nitrite stress that mirrored the induced expression of MjCAT and MjMnSOD, and prolonged nitrite exposure reduced the activity of CAT. This study provided basic data for further elucidating the responses of shrimp to nitrite stress at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Zheng
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yong Mao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yongquan Su
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Falanga A, Lombardi L, Franci G, Vitiello M, Iovene MR, Morelli G, Galdiero M, Galdiero S. Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: Nature Provides Templates for the Design of Novel Compounds against Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050785. [PMID: 27213366 PMCID: PMC4881601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections brought the idea that bacteria would no longer endanger human health. However, bacterial diseases still represent a worldwide treat. The ability of microorganisms to develop resistance, together with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, is mainly responsible for this situation; thus, resistance has compelled the scientific community to search for novel therapeutics. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a promising strategy against a wide array of pathogenic microorganisms, being able to act directly as antimicrobial agents but also being important regulators of the innate immune system. This review is an attempt to explore marine AMPs as a rich source of molecules with antimicrobial activity. In fact, the sea is poorly explored in terms of AMPs, but it represents a resource with plentiful antibacterial agents performing their role in a harsh environment. For the application of AMPs in the medical field limitations correlated to their peptide nature, their inactivation by environmental pH, presence of salts, proteases, or other components have to be solved. Thus, these peptides may act as templates for the design of more potent and less toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Iovene
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
- John Felice Rome Center, Loyola University Chicago, Via Massimi 114, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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