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Pu L, Pang S, Mu W, Chen X, Zou Y, Wang Y, Ding Y, Yan Q, Huang Y, Chen X, Peng T, Luo W, Wang S. The gut mycobiome signatures in long-lived populations. iScience 2024; 27:110412. [PMID: 39081291 PMCID: PMC11284699 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-lived individuals have been extensively studied as a model to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in aging, but their gut fungi remain almost unexplored. Here, we recruited a community-dwelling cohort of 251 participants (24-108 years, including 47 centenarians) from Guangxi in China to characterize the gut mycobiome signatures. We found gut mycobiome markedly varied during aging and determined aging as a predominant factor driving these variations. For long-lived individuals, core taxa, including Penicillium and Aspergillus, were maintained and Candida enterotype was enriched when compared with old counterparts. Individuals with this enterotype were more likely to possess Bacteroides enterotype enriched in young and centenarians. Moreover, the drivers from Candida enterotype were positively linked with the bacteria components dominated in Bacteroides enterotype. We also identified potentially beneficial yeasts-enriched features to differentiate long-lived individuals from others. Our findings suggest that the gut mycobiome develops with aging, and long-lived individuals possess unique fungal signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shifu Pang
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenjie Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Longevity Science and Technology, AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yugui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Longevity Science and Technology, AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weifei Luo
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Longevity Science and Technology, AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wang F, Wang Z, Cao J, Lu Y. Long- and short-term dietary β-glucan improves intestinal health and disease resistance in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:973-988. [PMID: 38421537 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
β-Glucans are immunostimulants and are widely used in aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different periods of β-glucan management on growth performance, intestinal health, and disease resistance in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). A commercial feed was used as control diet (CD), and the β-glucan diet (βD) was based on CD and further supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan. Grouper in control and long-term β-glucan diet (LGD) groups were fed with CD and βD for 8 weeks, respectively. Groupers in short-term β-glucan diet (SGD) group were fed with CD for the first 4 weeks and βD for the last 4 weeks. We found that LGD and SGD had no effect on growth performance but reduced the mortalities of grouper after challenging with Vibrio harveyi. In addition, both LGD and SGD increased intestinal morphology, enhanced antioxidant capacity, enhanced immunity, inhibited apoptosis, altered the transcriptional profile, and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the intestine of grouper. Furthermore, the effect of LGD on most of the above parameters was comparable to that of SGD. In conclusion, LGD and SGD did not affect growth rate parameters but enhanced the intestinal health and disease resistance of pearl gentian grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China.
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Goh KW, Abdul Kari Z, Wee W, Zakaria NNA, Rahman MM, Kabir MA, Abdul Hamid NK, Tahiluddin AB, Kamarudin AS, Téllez–Isaías G, Wei LS. Exploring the roles of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Edwardsiella tarda infection on fish: a mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1149514. [PMID: 37476823 PMCID: PMC10355809 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1149514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda resulted in significant economic losses in aquaculture operations worldwide. This disease could infect a wide range of hosts, including freshwater, brackish water, and marine aquatic animals. Currently, antibiotics and vaccines are being used as prophylactic agents to overcome Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture. However, application of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria, and the antibiotic residues pose a threat to public health. Meanwhile, the use of vaccines to combat Edwardsiellosis requires intensive labor work and high costs. Thus, phytobiotics were attempted to be used as antimicrobial agents to minimize the impact of Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture. These phytobiotics may also provide farmers with new options to manage aquaculture species' health. The impact of Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture worldwide was elaborated on and highlighted in this review study, as well as the recent application of phytobiotics in aquaculture and the status of vaccines to combat Edwardsiellosis. This review also focuses on the potential of phytobiotics in improving aquatic animal growth performance, enhancing immune system function, and stimulating disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Agro-Based Industry, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Albaris B. Tahiluddin
- College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
| | - Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Sajid M, Srivastava S, Yadav RK, Joshi L, Bharadwaj M. Fungal Community Composition and Function Associated with Loose Smokeless Tobacco Products. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:131. [PMID: 36894760 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) contain several microbial communities which are responsible for the formation of carcinogens, like tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNAs). A majority of STPs are sold in loose/unpackaged form which can be loaded with a diverse microbial population. Here, the fungal population and mycotoxins level of three popular Indian loose STPs, Dohra, Mainpuri Kapoori (MK), and loose leaf-chewing tobacco (LCT) was examined using metagenomic sequencing of ITS1 DNA segment of the fungal genome and LC-MS/MS, respectively. We observed that Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum and Sterigmatomyces and Pichia were the predominant fungal genera in loose STPs. MK displayed the highest α-diversity being enriched with pathogenic fungi Apiotrichum, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Trichosporon, and Wallemia. Further, FUNGuild analysis revealed an abundance of saprotrophs in MK, while pathogen-saprotroph-symbiotroph were abundant in Dohra and LCT. The level of a fungal toxin (ochratoxins A) was high in the MK product. This study caution that loose STPs harbor various harmful fungi that can infect their users and deliver fungal toxins or disrupt the oral microbiome of SLT users which can contribute to several oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi K Yadav
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Joshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Fath El-Bab AF, Majrashi KA, Sheikh HM, Shafi ME, El-Ratel IT, Neamat-Allah ANF, El-Raghi AA, Elazem AYA, Abd-Elghany MF, Abdelnour SA, Abduh MS, Jaremko M, Naiel MAE. Dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with β-glucan and/or Bacillus coagulans: Synergistic impacts on performance, immune responses, redox status and expression of some related genes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1011715. [PMID: 36213404 PMCID: PMC9537821 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-week feeding study was conducted to assess the effects of feed supplementation with prebiotics β-glucan (BG group) and/or probiotics Bacillus coagulans (BC group) on O. niloticus growth performance, body analysis, intestinal structure, immunological response, and antioxidant status. The fish were equally divided into six groups, as follows: the fish group fed an un-supplemented diet served as a control group; the other fish groups were fed supplemented diets with 0.1 g β-glucan kg−1; 1 g Bacillus coagulans kg−1; 2 g B. coagulans kg−1; 0.1 g β-glucan combined with 1 g B. coagulans kg−1; 0.1 g β-glucan combined with 2 g B. coagulans kg−1. The findings revealed that supplementing B. coagulans and the β-glucan mixture improved growth performance and feed efficiency parameters (RGR and SGR) more than the other groups. The fish flesh analysis revealed increased crude protein and dry matter content and lower lipid and ash levels in the BG and BC supplemented groups than in the Control group. On the other hand, β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation significantly boosted antioxidant activity and immunological responses in serum as determined by CAT, MDA, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity. Dietary β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation remarkedly enhanced anterior intestine villus histomorphometry characteristics. Furthermore, B. coagulans, alone or in combination with β-glucan, could reduce HSP70 and IL-1β gene expression while increasing IL-8 and GH gene expression. According to the findings, B. coagulans and/or BG increased growth performance by increasing gut health and morphology. Furthermore, β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation enhanced Tilapia's body composition, immunological responses, and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Fath El-Bab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Kamlah A. Majrashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M. Sheikh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim T. El-Ratel
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali A. El-Raghi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Amar Y. Abd Elazem
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Abd-Elghany
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maisa S. Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed A. E. Naiel
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Sajid M, Srivastava S, Yadav RK, Singh H, Singh S, Bharadwaj M. Composition and Ecological Functionality of Fungal Communities Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products Mainly Consumed in India. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0227321. [PMID: 35695566 PMCID: PMC9430657 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02273-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities present in smokeless tobacco products (STPs) perform critical steps in the synthesis of carcinogens, mainly tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Most studies emphasize the bacterial component, and the mycobiome of STPs has not been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities in the different categories of STPs by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA region of the fungal genome. The ecological character of the fungal community associated with STPs was determined by using FUNGuild. Our results indicated that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant fungal phyla across all STPs. The predominant fungal genera in STPs were Pichia, Sterigmatomyces, and Mortierella. The α-diversity varied significantly across the STPs based on observed, Fisher, and Shannon indices. Using SparCC cooccurrence network analysis, significant positive correlations of 58.5% and negative connections of 41.5% were obtained among fungal genera identified in STPs. Furthermore, the functional predictions by FUNGuild determined that STPs possessed high abundances of saprotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph fungal trophic groups. At the functional guild level, the qiwam samples contained high abundances of soil saprotrophs, while plant pathogens were prevalent in pan-masala samples. These results suggest that various fungal populations reside in STPs and interrelate with each other and can contribute to the synthesis of TSNAs. This study has established the basis for future large-scale investigations of STP-associated mycobiota and the impact of such mycobiota in oral carcinogenesis in STP users via inflammation and carcinogens (TSNAs and mycotoxins). IMPORTANCE Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) contain complex microbial communities that influence the synthesis of carcinogens, such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Research on STP-associated bacterial populations revealed connections between bacterial metabolism and TSNA synthesis. The abundance of the fungal population may also have an impact on the production of TSNAs. This study examined STPs popularly used in India, and diverse fungal communities were identified in these STPs. Pichia, Sterigmatomyces, and Mortierella were the predominant fungal genera in the STPs. High abundances of saprotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph trophic groups in STPs could affect the degradation of tobacco products and the synthesis of TSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Yadav
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- WHO-FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Machuca C, Méndez-Martínez Y, Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C. Yeast β-Glucans as Fish Immunomodulators: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162154. [PMID: 36009745 PMCID: PMC9405025 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The β-glucan obtained from yeast—a very important molecule for fish production—activates the immune system of fish by different mechanisms and induces protection against pathogens. However, most previous related studies have focused on the use of commercial β-glucan from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand the activation pathways. Experimental β-glucans extracted from other yeasts show other interesting biological activities even at lower doses. This review article analyzes the current information and suggests perspectives on yeast β-glucans. Abstract Administration of immunostimulants in fish is a preventive method to combat infections. A wide variety of these biological molecules exist, among which one of the yeast wall compounds stands out for its different biological activities. The β-glucan that forms the structural part of yeast is capable of generating immune activity in fish by cell receptor recognition. The most frequently used β-glucans for the study of mechanisms of action are those of commercial origin, with doses recommended by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, their immune activity is inefficient in some fish species, and increasing the dose may show adverse effects, including immunosuppression. Conversely, experimental β-glucans from other yeast species show different activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, healing, and stress tolerance properties. Therefore, this review analyses the most recent scientific reports on the use of yeast β-glucans in freshwater and marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Machuca
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Yuniel Méndez-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo 120301, Ecuador
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-612-123-8484; Fax: +52-612-125-3625
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8
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Nucleobases, Nucleosides and Nucleotides Determination in Yeasts Isolated from Extreme Environments. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Bandeira Junior G, Baldisserotto B. Fish infections associated with the genus Aeromonas: a review of the effects on oxidative status. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1083-1101. [PMID: 33382188 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of aeromonosis on fish oxidative status. The bibliographic survey was carried out on the research platforms: Scopus and Science Direct. The keywords 'Aeromonas', 'fish' and 'oxidative status' (or 'oxidative stress', 'oxidative damage' and similar terms) were used. Scientific papers and short communications were considered. Studies involving fish aeromonosis and enzymatic or non-enzymatic markers of oxidative status were selected. The results of antioxidant enzymes activities/expressions after infection lack consistency, suggesting that these findings should be interpreted with caution. Most of the analysed studies pointed to an increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels, indicating possible oxidative damage caused by the infection. Thus, these three biomarkers are excellent indicators of oxidative stress during infection. Regarding respiratory burst activity, several studies have indicated increased activity, but other studies have indicated unchanged activity after infection. Nitric oxide levels also increased after infection in most studies. Therefore, it is suggested that the fish's immune system tries to fight a bacterial infection by releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bandeira Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Sanchez V, Rosales-Mendoza S, Monreal-Escalante E, Murillo-Álvarez JI, Angulo C. Conjugation of β-glucans on heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) to enhance the immunogenic response in mouse leucocytes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111464. [PMID: 33255046 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important diarrhea-causing pathogen for humans. Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) plays a crucial role in triggering diarrhea and ETEC pathogenesis. However, ST is a small peptide that lacks immunogenic activity itself but becomes immunogenic when it is coupled to a carrier molecule. In this study, the β-glucans (BG) from yeasts have been used to test their immunomodulatory activity and adjuvant effect on the properties of ST. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a conjugate of yeast-derived β-glucan with the ST enterotoxin (BG-ST) and evaluate the antigenic and antioxidant activities in mouse splenocytes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed new bands and changes in morphology, respectively, confirming ST was successfully coupled to beta glucan. Additionally, according to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), conjugation efficiency was almost 90%. Cellular viability, phagocytic cell proportion, and respiratory burst enhanced splenocytes stimulated by BG-ST. In addition, nitric oxide production and antioxidant enzymes increased in cells stimulated with BG-ST, BG and ST. In conclusion, the results revealed the successful conjugation of β-glucan with ST peptide enhancing immune and antioxidant parameters to a greater extent than their individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanchez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª, Sección, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª, Sección, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico; CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S 23090, Mexico
| | - Jesús I Murillo-Álvarez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-IPN (CICIMAR), Avenida IPN s/n, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
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11
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Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo M, Sanchez V, Guluarte C, Angulo C. β-D-glucan from marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii BCS004 enhanced intestinal health and glucan-expressed receptor genes in Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104141. [PMID: 32173493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii BCS004 (also known as Dh004) has a potential biotechnological application. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characterization, antioxidant properties and possible health inductor of dietary β-D-glucan BCS004. In this study, a glucan BCS004 was obtained containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan with low molecular weight and a high purity of 90 and 91.7% for one and 4 h, respectively. β-D-glucan BCS004 showed higher antioxidant activity, including DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging, β-carotene bleaching inhibition, and iron chelation activity. An in vitro study showed that β-D-glucan BCS004 was safe for peripheral blood leukocytes inducing proliferative effects. Moreover, in an in vivo study using β-D-glucan BCS004 no histopathological damages or intestinal inflammation were observed in fish. The gene expression analysis highlighted that dietary β-D-glucan BCS004 could also up-regulate glucan and macrophage receptor genes in intestine, such as C-type lectin (CTL) and macrophage mannose receptors (MMR). Overall, the results demonstrated that β-D-glucan from D. hansenii BCS004 could be an immunostimulant with antioxidant properties and beneficial effects on intestinal health in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico.
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12
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Dietary Approaches to Attain Fish Health with Special Reference to their Immune System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4921-4931. [PMID: 30608037 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190104121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish despite their low collocation in the vertebrate phylum possess a complete immune system. In teleost fish both innate and adaptive immune responses have been described with melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) equivalent to mammalian germinal centers. Primary lymphoid organs are represented by the thymus and kidney, while spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues act as secondary lymphoid organs. Functions of either innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells) or adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) will be described in detail, even including their products, such as cytokines and antibodies. In spite of a robust immune arsenal, fish are very much exposed to infectious agents (marine bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses) and, consequentially, mortality is very much enhanced especially in farmed fish. In fact, in aquaculture stressful events (overcrowding), microbial infections very frequently lead to a high rate of mortality. With the aim to reduce mortality of farmed fish through the reinforcement of their immune status the current trend is to administer natural products together with the conventional feed. Then, in the second part of the present review emphasis will be placed on a series of products, such as prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, β-glucans, vitamins, fatty acids and polyphenols all used to feed farmed fish. With special reference to polyphenols, results of our group using red grape extracts to feed farmed European sea bass will be illustrated. In particular, determination of cytokine production at intestinal and splenic levels, areas of MMCs and development of hepatopancreas will represent the main biomarkers considered. All together, our own data and those of current literature suggests that natural product administration to farmed fish for their beneficial effects may, in part, solve the problem of fish mortality in aquaculture, enhancing their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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13
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Leal E, Ordás MC, Soleto I, Zarza C, McGurk C, Tafalla C. Functional nutrition modulates the early immune response against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:769-779. [PMID: 31580935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although viruses represent a major threat for cultured fish worldwide, the commercialization of vaccines capable of providing effective and long-lasting protection is still lacking for most of these viral diseases. In this situation, the use of supplemented diets could be a suitable strategy to increase the immune status of the fish and reduce the impact of viral pathogens. Among possible immunostimulants that could be included in these functional feeds, some studies have previously shown that certain β-glucans can significantly increase certain immune parameters of fish and reduce the impact of viral diseases. However, the mechanisms through which β-glucans exert their activity have not been fully elucidated yet. In the current study, we have studied the immune response of different tissues to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout fed with a non-supplemented control diet as well as in fish fed a commercial functional aquafeed (Protec™, Skretting) containing β-glucans, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc. For this, after 30 days of feeding the fish with one of the two diets, they were subsequently infected with VHSV by bath or mock-infected. After 2 or 6 days post-infection, fish were sacrificed and the levels of transcription of different immune genes such as IgM, IgT, IgD, Mx, interferon γ (IFN γ) and perforin studied in different tissues (kidney, gut and gills). Additionally, the levels of natural IgMs in serum were also determined. Our results demonstrate that fish fed the functional diet were capable of mounting an increased IgM, IgT, IgD and Mx transcriptional response to the virus. Additionally, these fish also showed increased levels of natural IgMs in serum. These results reveal a previously undescribed effect of functional diets on fish Ig production and point to Protec™ as an adequate diet to be incorporated in holistic programs aimed at mitigating the effect of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Leal
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Camino Ordás
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Soleto
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Zarza
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, PO Box 48, Stavanger, 4001, Norway
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, PO Box 48, Stavanger, 4001, Norway
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Reyes-Becerril M, Martínez-Preciado A, Guluarte C, Guerra K, Tovar-Ramirez D, Macias ME, Angulo C. Phytochemical composition and immunobiological activity of Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana nanoencapsulated in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:308-314. [PMID: 31200073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the presence of phenolic compounds in Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana, species native to Mexico, nanoencapsulated (CmNano) with maltodextrin at 100 and 170 °C (CmNano100 and CmNano170) and its antioxidant and immunological effects in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The phytochemical study revealed an important level of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and tannin (CTC) contents in CmNano100, which correlated with a strong antioxidant capacity. CmNano100 or 170 were safe or not cytotoxic for head-kidney (HKL) and peripheral blood (PBL) leukocytes. The in vitro study demonstrated that CmNano increased the percentage of phagocytic cells, stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, and modulated antioxidant ability by increasing superoxide dismutase activity in leukocytes with respect to the control group. In addition, CmNano100 also increased the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and down-regulated MyD88 and TNF-α mRNA transcription. These results suggest that maltodextrin nanoencapsulates protected and maintained the antioxidant properties of C. mexicana. In addition, they enhanced antioxidant and immunological parameters in Longfin yellowtail S. rivoliana leukocytes. Therefore, this study provides novel insights of CmNano for its potential application as functional food in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - Alma Martínez-Preciado
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Chemical Engineering. 1421, Blvd. Marcelino Garcia Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - Kevyn Guerra
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramirez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico
| | - María Esther Macias
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Chemical Engineering. 1421, Blvd. Marcelino Garcia Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23090, Mexico.
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15
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Hernandez-Adame L, Angulo C, Delgado K, Schiavone M, Castex M, Palestino G, Betancourt-Mendiola L, Reyes-Becerril M. Biosynthesis of β-d-glucan‑gold nanoparticles, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in mouse splenocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:379-389. [PMID: 31082425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports biosynthesis of gold-nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using β-d-glucans isolated from the yeast Yarrowia lypolitica D1. β-d-glucans serve as reducing and stabilizing mediators that induce the formation of AuNPs on the outer surface of the own β-d-glucan. The systems were physicochemically characterized by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. The results revealed the generation of AuNPs with quasi-spherical shape or large one dimension (1D) gold-nanostructures (AuNSs) depending on the HAuCl4 concentration. A cytotoxic study was assessed in mouse splenocytes. Contrary to that expected, important cytotoxicity was found in all β-d-gluc+AuNPs systems by an oxidative stress increase. This study discusses the cytotoxic mechanism, suggesting that the resulting β-d-gluc+AuNPs systems may not be candidates for the formulation of immunostimulants or nanocarriers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Hernandez-Adame
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico; CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S 23090, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Karen Delgado
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Marion Schiavone
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | | | - Gabriela Palestino
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
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16
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Amphan S, Unajak S, Printrakoon C, Areechon N. Feeding-regimen of β-glucan to enhance innate immunity and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Linn., against Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium columnare. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:120-128. [PMID: 30597253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-glucan is one of the most potent immunostimulants enhancing innate immune activity, disease resistance and growth performance of many aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, there are few studies on feeding regimens of β-glucan that correlate to immune response and disease resistance and are important considerations for practical β-glucan utilization. Thus, the effect of β-glucan and feeding duration on innate immunity and disease resistance was investigated to establish an optimal feeding regimen of β-glucan for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.). A variety of β-glucan feeding regimens were evaluated, including: i) feeding for 2 weeks, ii) feeding for 4 weeks, and iii) feeding every-other-week, with the objective of establishing the optimal feeding regimen that enhanced innate immunity and disease resistance. Innate immunity parameters were determined every week for eight weeks. Alternative complement activity of all β-glucan groups was significantly (P < 0.05) increased at the end of the first week, and then fluctuated but was not significantly (P > 0.05) different to the control until the end of the trial. Increased lysozyme activity was only detected at the end of the second week in all β-glucan-treated groups, and then decreased to the control level during most of the sampling periods. Phagocytosis percentage was increased and prolonged by β-glucan feeding, while the phagocytic index was not. Apart from innate immunity, β-glucan-fed fish demonstrated enhanced disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium columnare challenge at only the end of the fourth week of the trial. The growth performance of β-glucan-fed fish was not significantly (P > 0.05) different among the experimental groups and control. Taken together, the result indicated that all β-glucan-feeding regimens resulted in quite similar outcomes with respect to innate immunity stimulation, disease resistance and growth performance. This novel result suggests that an every-other-week regimen is the optimal choice for Nile tilapia cultivation as an economic cost saving benefit. This is the first study to determine the optimal feeding-regimen of β-glucan to enhance innate immunity and increase resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraat Amphan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Biochemical Research Unit for Feed Utilization Assessment, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Cheewarat Printrakoon
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nontawith Areechon
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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17
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression in ovine ruminal epithelial cells is mediated through the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:77-89. [PMID: 30863917 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-09747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovine ruminal epithelial cells (ORECs) not only have a physical barrier function but also can secrete host defence peptides (HDPs), such as sheep β-defensin-1 (SBD-1). As a feed additive, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can enhance the host's innate immunity. β-glucan, a cell wall component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can stimulate innate immune responses and trigger the up-regulation of SBD-1 in ORECs. The signaling mechanisms involved in β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify the receptors and intracellular pathways involved in the up-regulation of SBD-1 induced by β-glucan. ORECs were cultured, and the regulatory mechanisms of β-glucan-induced up-regulation of SBD-1 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. TLR-2 and MyD88 knockdown or inhibition attenuated β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression. We also showed that inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways significantly reduced β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression. These results demonstrate that β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression is TLR-2-MyD88-dependent and may be regulated by both MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Since NF-κB inhibition had a greater effect on the down-regulation of β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression, the NF-κB pathway may be the dominant signaling pathway involved in the regulation of defensin expression. Our studies demonstrate that β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression is mediated through the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Our results would contribute to the understanding of immunological modulations in the gastrointestinal tract triggered by probiotic yeast cell wall components.
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18
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Velazquez-Carriles C, Macias-Rodríguez ME, Carbajal-Arizaga GG, Silva-Jara J, Angulo C, Reyes-Becerril M. Immobilizing yeast β-glucan on zinc-layered hydroxide nanoparticle improves innate immune response in fish leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:504-513. [PMID: 30170109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery technologies have played a central role in a wide variety of applications, including cell therapy, gene transformation, and cellular delivery of molecular dyes. This work synthesized via ionic exchange a nanoparticle consisting of zinc-layered hydroxychloride coupled with yeast β-glucan (ZG), whose cellular immune response was evaluated using fish spleen leukocytes. Leukocytes from the marine Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) were stimulated with zinc-layered hydroxychloride (ZHC) coupled with yeast β-glucan (GLU) and challenged with live Vibrio parahaemolyticus after 24 h. Structural characterization of this yeast glucan by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The ZHC and ZG were characterized with X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the immunological study showed that ZHC, GLU or ZG were safe for leukocytes because cell viability was higher than 80% compared with DMSO or V. parahaemolyticus exposure. The ZG or GLU treatments enhanced nitric oxide production, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities. Induction of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-17) genes was more pronounced in ZG or GLU treatments compared to the other groups. Based on the results, ZHC nanoparticles can be used as a delivery carrier of yeast β-glucan for enhancing immunity in fish and have great potential application in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velazquez-Carriles
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino Garcìa Barragán 1421, CP 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maria Esther Macias-Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino Garcìa Barragán 1421, CP 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gregorio G Carbajal-Arizaga
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino Garcìa Barragán 1421, CP 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge Silva-Jara
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos (LIIA), Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Avenida Tecnológico 2595, Lagos del Country, Tepic, Nayarit, 63175, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S., 23096, Mexico.
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19
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Tovar-Ramírez D, Ascencio F, Angulo C. Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 β-glucan enhances immune responses and down-stream gene signaling pathways in goat peripheral blood leukocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 88:173-182. [PMID: 30031015 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii-derived β-glucan has shown immunostimulant effect on aquaculture species and recently on goat peripheral blood leukocytes. Moreover, the marine yeast D. hansenii CBS 8339 has demonstrated to enhance fish immune response. Nonetheless, the associated immune signaling pathways induced by β-glucan from this marine yeast have not been characterized yet. This study described the effects of β-glucan from D. hansenii CBS 8339 against challenge with Escherichia coli and activation of possible mechanisms on goat peripheral blood leukocytes. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that D. hansenii had β-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan. The phagocytic ability enhanced after E. coli challenge, and nitric oxide production increased before and after challenge in leukocytes stimulated with D. hansenii β-glucan. In addition, an early gene expression stimulation was found related to β-glucan recognition by TLR2 and Dectin-1 receptors, intracellular regulation by Syk, TRAF6, MyD88 and transcription factor NFκB, and effector functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Interestingly, simulation with D. hansenii-derived β-glucan increased leukocyte viability after E. coli challenge. In conclusion, β-glucan from D. hansenii CBS 8339 reduced cytotoxic effects of E. coli and modulated signaling pathways and innate immune response in goat peripheral blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
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