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Sukul T, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ghosh K. Autochthonous Bacilli and Fructooligosaccharide as Functional Feed Additives Improve Growth, Feed Utilisation, Haemato-Immunological Parameters and Disease Resistance in Rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2631. [PMID: 37627421 PMCID: PMC10451537 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Bacillus spp. (7 Log CFU g-1 feed) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 1%) as functional feed additives, either alone or in combination, were evaluated in a study on rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings. The fish were fed different diets for 90 days, including a control diet and diets supplemented with FOS, B. licheniformis, B. methylotrophicus or synbiotic formulations of these. The results showed that the combination of B. licheniformis and FOS significantly improved weight gain, feed utilisation and protease activity compared to the other groups. Overall, the groups supplemented with probiotics and synbiotics (B. licheniformis + FOS or B. methylotrophicus + FOS) showed improvements in haematology, serum biochemistry and immune parameters compared to the control group. After 90 days of experimental feeding, the fish were challenged with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, and data on haematology, immunity and stress parameters were collected. The results indicated that the application of Bacillus spp. and FOS boosted immunity and resistance to physiological stress in the fish. The highest post-challenge survival rate was observed in fish fed a diet with B. licheniformis and FOS, indicating the potential of this particular combination of functional feed additives to enhance growth, immunity and disease resistance in L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Sukul
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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Pawar NA, Prakash C, Kohli MPS, Jamwal A, Dalvi RS, Devi BN, Singh SK, Gupta S, Lende SR, Sontakke SD, Gupta S, Jadhao SB. Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis synbiotic combination promoted disease resistance, but not growth performance, is additive in fish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11345. [PMID: 37443328 PMCID: PMC10345097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Species diversification from major to minor carps for their sturdiness and initial higher growth, and also a quest for antibiotic-free aqua farming in the subcontinent, mandates search for and evaluation of alternatives. An experiment was performed to investigate the potential of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) (alone or as synbiotics) in promoting growth and immunity against infections in Labeo fimbriatus fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing combinations of two levels of FOS (0% and 0.5%) and three levels of BS (0, 104, 106 CFU/g feed) were fed to fish for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, twenty-four fish from each group were injected intra-peritoneally with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila O:18 to test the immunoprotective efficacy of the supplements against bacterial infection. BS, but not FOS, significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed utilisation attributes like percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were interactive effects of FOS and BS on PWG, SGR and FCR; however, the effects were not additive in nature. These beneficial effects of BS, alone or in combination with FOS, were corroborated by increased protease activity, microvilli density and diameter and number of goblet cells. Overall beneficial effects of FOS and BS included improved erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), total protein and globulin levels. Total leucocyte (WBC) count and immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity of leucocytes (NBT reduction), lysozyme activity, albumin: globulin ratio and post-challenge survival were significantly improved by both FOS and BS, and their dietary combination yielded the highest improvement in these parameters. Synergistic effects of FOS and BS as dietary supplements indicate that a combination of 106 CFU/g BS and 0.5% FOS is optimal to improve growth, feed utilisation, immune functions, and disease resistance in L. fimbriatus fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Anil Pawar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai Centre, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Ankur Jamwal
- Centre for Climate Change & Sustainability, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, 562125, India
| | | | - B Nightingale Devi
- Colleges of Fisheries, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu University, Raipur, 491995, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799210, India
| | - Shobha Gupta
- Annasaheb Vartak College (University of Mumbai), Mumbai, 401202, India
| | - Smit Ramesh Lende
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture, Kamdhenu University, Ukai, 394680, India
| | - Sadanand D Sontakke
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Yousefi M, Naderi Farsani M, Ghafarifarsani H, Raeeszadeh M. Dietary Lactobacillus helveticus and Gum Arabic improves growth indices, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microbiota, innate immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108652. [PMID: 36863498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus (LH), Gum Arabic (GA; natural prebiotic), and their combination as synbiotic on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota, innate immunity status, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophyla in common carp, Cyprinus carpio for 8 weeks. For this, 735 common carp juveniles (Mean ± standard deviation; 22.51 ± 0.40 g) were fed with 7 different diets including basal diet (C), LH1 (1 × 107 CFU/g), LH2 (1 × 109 CFU/g), GA1 (0.5%), GA2 (1%), LH1+GA1 (1 × 107 CFU/g + 0.5%), and LH2+GA2 (1 × 109 CFU/g + 1%) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with GA and/or LH significantly increased growth performance, WBC, serum total immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, skin mucus lysozyme and total immunoglobulin and intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Whereas there were significant improvements in various parameters tested in different treatments, the highest improvement in growth performance, WBC, monocyte/neutrophil percentages, serum lysozyme, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, protease, and immunoglobulin, intestinal total bacterial count, protease and amylase activities were observed in the synbiotic treatments, particularly LH1+GA1. After an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, all experimental treatments exhibited significantly higher survival, compared to the control treatment. The highest survival was related to the synbiotic (particularly LH1+GA1), followed by prebiotic, and probiotic treatments. Overall, synbiotic containing 1 × 107 CFU/g LH + 0.5% GA can improve growth rate and feed efficiency in common carp. Moreover, the synbiotic can improve the antioxidant/innate immune systems and dominate lactic acid bacteria in the fish intestine that may be the reasons of the highest resistance against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mehdi Naderi Farsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Puri P, Sharma JG, Singh R. Biotherapeutic microbial supplementation for ameliorating fish health: developing trends in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics use in finfish aquaculture. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 23:113-135. [PMID: 36597760 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition demands in aquaculture can be realized through quality aquafeeds as compounded diets that contribute to the growth and health of aquaculture species. Functional additives in feed, notably probiotics, prebiotics, and their admixture synbiotics, have been recently recognized for their biotherapeutic role as immunostimulants capable of conferring disease resistance, stress tolerance, and gastrointestinal health; counteracting the negative effects of anti-nutrients, pathogenic prevalence, and antimicrobials in finfish aquaculture. Formulated diets based on probiotics, prebiotics, and as a supplemental combination for synbiotics can significantly influence fish gut microbiomes, establishing the modalities of microbial dynamics to maximize host-associated benefits. These microbial functional-feed supplements are acclaimed to be biocompatible, biodegradable, and safe for dietary consumption as well as the environment. In fed fish aquaculture, prebiotic appended probiotic diet 'synbiotic' has propounded larger attention for its additional health and nutritional benefits. Synbiotic, prebiotic, and probiotic usage as functional feeds for finfish aquaculture thus provides promising prospects. Developing trends in their intended application are reviewed here forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jai Gopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ram Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Tao J, Wang S, Qiu H, Xie R, Zhang H, Chen N, Li S. Modulation of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and disease resistance in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) upon compound probiotic cultures inclusion. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:804-812. [PMID: 35843521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound probiotic cultures (CPC; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass. Triplicate groups of largemouth bass (average weight 42.05 ± 0.02 g), with a destiny of 30 individuals per tank, were fed diets supplemented with different concentration of compound probiotic cultures (CPC) (0%, CPC (0.0); 0.5%, CPC (0.5); 1.0%, CPC (1.0); 2.0%, CPC (2.0)). After the feeding trial, tissue samples of largemouth bass were collected and the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila was performed. Results indicated that the CPC supplementation produced no significant difference on the growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of largemouth bass, while significantly increased the cumulative survival rate in the Aeromonas hydrophila challenge test. Meanwhile, the inclusion of CPC elevated the hepatic antioxidant capacity, and the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes, including T-AOC, CAT, GPx and T-SOD, was observed in the CPC (2.0) group. Meanwhile, the transcription of Nrf2/keap1 and antioxidant related genes, including CAT, GPx, GST, SOD1 and SOD2, was significantly elevated with the inclusion of CPC. In addition, the inclusion of CPC improved the non-specific immunity of largemouth bass. The activity of serum lysozyme was significantly elevated in the CPC (2.0) group, while the transcription of RelA and pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α and IL-1β, was inhibited with the inclusion of CPC. Meanwhile, related genes potentially linked to RelA, including TLR2 and p38 MAPK, were detected that their relative expression was significantly inhibited with the inclusion of CPC. The current findings indicated that the inclusion of 2% CPC improved the antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass, and suggested that 2% CPC as a functional additive could be applied to the diet of juvenile largemouth bass in aquaculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tao
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongjie Qiu
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Naisong Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Liu J, Wang B, Lai Q, Lu Y, Li L, Li Y, Liu S. Boosted growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) by single or in combination dietary Bacillus subtilis and xylo-oligosaccharides. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109296. [PMID: 35189356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 420 healthy crucian carp (9.77 ± 0.04 g) were randomly divided into CK, B·S, XOS and B·S + XOS group, and cultured for 8 weeks. Results showed that the dietary Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) can significantly increased the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency and survival rate of crucian carp. Dietary B. subtilis and XOS can significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, significantly decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, and significantly increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and the contents of complement component 3,4 and immunoglobulin M in crucian carp serum. In addition, compared with CK group, the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in B·S, XOS and B·S + XOS group were significantly increased, and the expression levels of TNF-α, HSP90, IL-1β, TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly decreased. Supplementation of B. subtilis and XOS can also improve the intestinal tissue morphology of crucian carp. After injection of 1 × 107 CFU/mL Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), compared with CK group, the survival rates of the B·S group, the XOS group and the B·S + XOS group were increased by 13.98%, 10.56% and 30.74%, respectively. These results show that dietary B. subtilis and XOS can significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and resistance to A. hydrophila of crucian carp, and the combined effect is better than that of single addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qifang Lai
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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Kumar S, Choubey AK, Srivastava PK. The effects of dietary immunostimulants on the innate immune response of Indian major carp: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:36-49. [PMID: 35217196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulants, as feed additives, play an important role in maintaining fish health and enhancing their overall growth by providing resistance against diseases in cultured fish. At the initial stages of life of fish, innate immunity is the essential mechanism in their survival. Later, innate immunity has an instructive role in adapting acquired immune response and homeostasis through different receptor proteins. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the effect of dietary immunostimulants like algae, plant extracts, vitamins, herbs, probiotics, and prebiotics-containing diets in Indian major carps. Many bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens are responsible for high death rates in both wild and cultured fish. It's a major limiting factor for world aquaculture industries. Recognition of invading pathogens by different pathogen recognition receptor plays an important role for the activation of different pathways to initiate protective immune responses. Hence, there is a growing need to control the devastating effects of diseases without recourse to toxic chemicals or antibiotics. Keeping with alternative approaches without using toxic chemicals to control fish diseases in mind, many immunostimulants are used, which enhance immune responses along with their gene expression level through different signaling pathway. The objective of this review is to summarize and evaluate the current knowledge of various immunostimulants and their immune responses in three Indian major carps namely Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala, which are preferred by the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar
- Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh- 225003, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Choubey
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh-229304, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh-229304, India.
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Anjugam M, Iswarya A, Sibiya A, Selvaraj C, Singh SK, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Sivakamavalli J, Vaseeharan B. Molecular interaction analysis of β-1, 3 glucan binding protein with Bacillus licheniformis and evaluation of its immunostimulant property in Oreochromis mossambicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:183-196. [PMID: 34971736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing the health benefits of any two immunostimulants (synbiotics) in combined form and information on their interactions gain more visibility in the usage of synbiotics in aquafarms. With this intention, the current work explores the immunostimulant effect and structural interaction of synbiotic (β-1, 3 glucan binding protein from marine crab, Portunus pelagicus (Ppβ-GBP) and Bacillus licheniformis) on Oreochromis mossambicus. The experimental diet was prepared with Ppβ-GBP and B. licheniformis, and nourished to the fingerlings of O. mossambicus for 30 days. After the experimental trial, a higher growth rate and immune reactions (lysozyme, protease, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity) were noticed in the fish nourished with synbiotic (B. licheniformis and Ppβ-GBP) enriched diet. Moreover, the synbiotic enriched diet elevated the antioxidant responses like glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activity in the experimental diet-nurtured fish. At the end of the feed trial, synbiotic diet nourished fish shows an increased survival rate during Aeromonas hydrophila infection, reflecting the disease resistance potential of experimental fish. Also, the interaction between Ppβ-GBP and Bacillus licheniformis was analyzed through computational approaches. The results evidenced that, Ppβ-GBP interacts with the B. licheniformis through sugar-based ligand, β-glucan through a hydrogen bond with a good docking score. Thus, the synbiotic diet would be an effective immunostimulant to strengthen the fish immune system for better productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingam Anjugam
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Animal Science Research and Extension Service, Foundation for Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Kelavannanvilai, NGO Colony Road, Nagercoil, 629002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, 4th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, 4th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Naraballobh W, Paolucci M, Wongmaneeprateep S, Charoenwattanasak S, Dawood MAO, Abdel-Tawwab M. Dietary inclusion of watermelon rind powder and Lactobacillus plantarum: Effects on Nile tilapia's growth, skin mucus and serum immunities, and disease resistance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:107-114. [PMID: 34256133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An eight-week investigation was conducted to access the potential impact of dietary watermelon rind powder (WMRP) and L. plantarum CR1T5 (LP) administered individually or in combination on immunity, disease resistance, and growth rate of Nile tilapia fingerlings cultured in a biofloc system. Three hundred twenty fish (average weight 16.57 ± 0.14 g) were distributed into 16 tanks at a rate of 20 fish per tank. The fish were fed different diets: Diet 1 (0 g kg-1 WMRP and 0 CFU g-1 L. plantarum) (control), Diet 2 (40 g kg-1 WMRP), Diet 3 (108 CFU g-1 LP), and Diet 4 (40 g kg-1 WMRP + 108 CFU g-1 LP) for eight weeks. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was applied. Skin mucus, serum immunity, and growth parameters were analyzed every 4 weeks, and a challenge study against S. agalactiae was conducted at the end of the experiment. The findings showed that the inclusion of WMRP + LP, administrated individually or in a mixture, significantly (P<0.05) stimulated growth, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings compared with the control. The highest values were detected in fish fed the combination of WMRP and LP, as opposed to individual administration of either WMRP or LP, in which no significant differences were detected. Within the challenge study, the relative percent survival (RPS) in Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 was 48.0%, 52.0%, and 68.0%, respectively. Fish fed 40 g kg-1 WMRP + LP produced significantly higher RPS and protection against S. agalactiae than the other treated groups. Current results suggest that the dual administration of WMRP and LP maybe an effective feed additive for Nile tilapia grown in an indoor biofloc system, capable of improving growth parameters and increasing resistance to S. agalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Watcharapong Naraballobh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Sutee Wongmaneeprateep
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44663, Egypt
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Van Doan H, Lumsangkul C, Hoseinifar SH, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Musthafa MS, El-Haroun E, Ringo E. Modulation of growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture under biofloc system by supplementing pineapple peel powder and Lactobacillus plantarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:212-220. [PMID: 34146675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight weeks feeding experiment was managed to evaluate the impacts of dietary addition of pineapple peel powder (PAPP) and Lactobacillus plantarum CR1T5 (LP) individual or mixed on growth performance, skin mucus and serum immunities, as well as disease resistance of Nile tilapia. Fish (average weight 20.91 ± 0.11 g) were fed four diets: Diet 1 (0 g kg-1 PAPP and 0 CFU g-1 L. plantarum, Diet 2 (10 g kg-1 PAPP), Diet 3 (108 CFU g-1L. plantarum), and Diet 4 (10 g kg-1 PAPP + 108 CFU g-1L. plantarum). Serum and mucus immune responses, as well as growth rate, were assessed every 4 weeks. Ten fish were chosen for the challenge test with Streptococcus agalactiae after 8 weeks post-feeding. The findings showed that PAPP and/or LP diets increased (P ≤ 0.05) growth performance, skin mucus, and serum immune responses. The best data were obtained in fish fed a mixture of PAPP and LP. Nevertheless, no variation (P > 0.05) was recorded between groups fed PAPP or LP. The relative survival percentage (RSP, %) in Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 was 46.15%, 50.0%, and 73.08%. Fish fed mixture of PAPP + LP recorded the best (P < 0.05) survival rate versus other treatments. The current findings recommended using a mixture of PAPP and LP as promising functional additives for aquaculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Einar Ringo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Chuphal N, Singha KP, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Shamna N, Kumar V. Scope of Archaea in Fish Feed: a New Chapter in Aquafeed Probiotics? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1668-1695. [PMID: 33821466 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases leading to substantial loss is a major bottleneck in aquaculture. Over the last decades, the concept of using feed probiotics was more in focus to address the growth and health of cultivable aquatic organisms. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the distinct functionality of archaea from conventional probiotics in nutrient utilization, specific caloric contribution, evading immune response and processing thermal resistance. The prime limitation of conventional probiotics is the viability of desired microbes under harsh feed processing conditions. To overcome the constraints of commercial probiotics pertaining to incompatibility towards industrial processing procedure, a super microbe, archaea, appears to be a potential alternative approach in aquaculture. The peculiarity of the archaeal cell wall provides them with heat stability and rigidity under industrial processing conditions. Besides, archaea being one of the gut microbial communities participates in various health-oriented biological functions in animals. Thus, the current review devoted that administration of archaea in aquafeed could be a promising strategy in aquaculture. Archaea may be used as a potential probiotic with the possible modes of functions and advantages over conventional probiotics in aquafeed preparation. The present review also provides the challenges associated with the use of archaea for aquaculture and a brief outline of the patents on archaea to highlight the various use of archaea in different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chuphal
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Krishna Pada Singha
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.,Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Naseemashahul Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA.
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12
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Bandeira Junior G, Baldisserotto B. Fish infections associated with the genus Aeromonas: a review of the effects on oxidative status. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1083-1101. [PMID: 33382188 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of aeromonosis on fish oxidative status. The bibliographic survey was carried out on the research platforms: Scopus and Science Direct. The keywords 'Aeromonas', 'fish' and 'oxidative status' (or 'oxidative stress', 'oxidative damage' and similar terms) were used. Scientific papers and short communications were considered. Studies involving fish aeromonosis and enzymatic or non-enzymatic markers of oxidative status were selected. The results of antioxidant enzymes activities/expressions after infection lack consistency, suggesting that these findings should be interpreted with caution. Most of the analysed studies pointed to an increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels, indicating possible oxidative damage caused by the infection. Thus, these three biomarkers are excellent indicators of oxidative stress during infection. Regarding respiratory burst activity, several studies have indicated increased activity, but other studies have indicated unchanged activity after infection. Nitric oxide levels also increased after infection in most studies. Therefore, it is suggested that the fish's immune system tries to fight a bacterial infection by releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bandeira Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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13
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Elayaraja S, Mabrok M, Algammal A, Sabitha E, Rajeswari MV, Zágoršek K, Ye Z, Zhu S, Rodkhum C. Potential influence of jaggery-based biofloc technology at different C:N ratios on water quality, growth performance, innate immunity, immune-related genes expression profiles, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:118-128. [PMID: 32961293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc technology is increasingly becoming the most promising aquaculture tool especially in places where water is scarce and the land is very expensive. The dynamics of water quality, as well as plankton and microbial abundance, are collectively necessary for successful fish farming. The prospective use of jaggery as a potential carbon source and its influence on water quality, growth performance, innate immunity, serum bactericidal capacity, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated in Oreochromis niloticus. A completely randomized design was used in triplicates, where the control group was reared in a water system with no carbon source, while T1, T2, and T3 groups were raised in biofloc systems at C:N ratios of C:N12, C:N15, and C:N20, respectively. Water specimens were collected daily and fortnightly, while blood, serum, and head kidneys were collected at 75 days of experimental period for further analysis. TAN, nitrite, and ammonia values were considerably reduced, while the TSS values elevated significantly in all treated groups compared to the control. Jaggery-based biofloc system (JB-BFT) has a pronounced effect on hematological and growth performance parameters rather than control. Similarly, serum antioxidants, lysozyme, protease, antiprotease and bactericidal capacity were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. LYZ, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes were upregulated in proportion to C:N ratios with the highest fold in C:N20. Furthermore, fish treated with JB-BFT presented lower cumulative mortalities and better relative levels of production (RLP) after experimental challenge with A. hydrophila compared to control. In conclusion, JB-BFT has a robust influence on Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) innate immunity through favorable innovation of various immune-cells and enzymes as well as upregulating the expression levels of immune-related genes. This study offers jaggery as a new carbon source with unique properties that satisfy all considerations of biofloc technology in an eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramasamy Elayaraja
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Mahmoud Mabrok
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Elayaraja Sabitha
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kamil Zágoršek
- Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ojwach J, Kumar A, Mutanda T, Mukaratirwa S. Fructosyltransferase and inulinase production by indigenous coprophilous fungi for the biocatalytic conversion of sucrose and inulin into oligosaccharides. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Chen M, Chen XQ, Tian LX, Liu YJ, Niu J. Improvement of growth, intestinal short-chain fatty acids, non-specific immunity and ammonia resistance in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed dietary water-soluble chitosan and mixed probiotics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108791. [PMID: 32413493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was to explore the impacts of water-soluble chitosan and mixed probiotics on growth performance, intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immunity and ammonia resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were fed one of four experimental diets including basal diet (CON), 0.10% water-soluble chitosan diet (WSC), 0.30% mixed probiotics (MP) and 0.10% water-soluble chitosan +0.30% mixed probiotics (SYN) for 8 weeks. Results showed shrimp fed with dietary MP and SYN diets could significantly improve growth performance and feed utilization in comparison with those of shrimp fed with CON diet (P < 0.05). Acetic acid content was significantly higher in shrimp fed with all supplemented diets compared to that in shrimp fed with CON diet (P < 0.05). Compared to shrimp fed with CON diet, dietary WSC and MP significantly influenced the contents and/or activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM) in serum, SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP) in hepatopancreas and SOD and MDA in intestine. In addition, the gene expression levels of prophenoloxidase (proPO), penaiedin 3a (Pen-3a), crustin (Crustin), serine proteinase (SP), GPX and SOD in hepatopancreas, were significantly upregulated compared to those in CON diet at some time points (P < 0.05). Significantly higher survival rate in all supplemented diets were observed after ammonia challenge (P < 0.05). Therefore, the above results indicated dietary WSC and MP or SYN could enhance intestinal SCFAs content, stimulated antioxidant capacity and immune response, and increase the ammonia resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Besides, the growth performance was also improved by dietary MP and SYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xian-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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16
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Kishawy AT, Sewid AH, Nada HS, Kamel MA, El-Mandrawy SA, Abdelhakim TM, El-Murr AEI, Nahhas NE, Hozzein WN, Ibrahim D. Mannanoligosaccharides as a Carbon Source in Biofloc Boost Dietary Plant Protein and Water Quality, Growth, Immunity and Aeromonas hydrophila Resistance in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101724. [PMID: 32977486 PMCID: PMC7598294 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biofloc technology (BFT), offers some potential advantages for improvements in water quality and growth of farmed fish reared in recirculation systems. One practical disadvantage of implementing a BFT system to culture fish is the need to add organic carbon to maintain a C:N ratio above 10. The present study evaluated the effect of using mannan oligosaccharides as a carbon source in a biofloc system with cultivated tilapia. MOS resulted in increased lactic acid bacterial count in the water and the intestinal tract, modulated immune response and resistance against Aeromonus hydrophila and improved the survival and growth of reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) or glycerol (GLY) as a carbon source on biofloc systems of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) juveniles. Fish (n = 750) were reared in open flow (Controls) or biofloc systems (B-GLY and B-MOS) fed with a plant or fish protein source over a period of twelve weeks. Total ammonia nitrogen and nitrate decreased in the biofloc groups, while biofloc volume increased in B-MOS. Compared to the controls, B-MOS and B-GLY exhibited higher weight gain and improved feed conversion, irrespectively of the diet. Serum level of C-reactive protein was reduced, while IgM and lysozyme activity was higher in the B-MOS fish, compared to other groups. Intestinal Bacillus spp. count was increased, whereas Vibrio, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. counts decreased in B-MOS reared groups, compared to the other groups. The proinflammatory cytokine (IL-8 and IFN-γ) transcript expression was upregulated in B-MOS more than B-GLY reared groups. Compared to the controls, the virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila was decreased in the B-MOS and B-GLY groups. The results indicate several benefits of using MOS as a carbon source in a biofloc Nile tilapia system; a cost benefit analysis is required to assess the economic viability of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa T.Y. Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.T.Y.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Alaa H. Sewid
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt; (A.H.S.); (H.S.N.)
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Hend S. Nada
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt; (A.H.S.); (H.S.N.)
| | - Mohamed A. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt;
| | - Shefaa A.M. El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Taghrid M.N. Abdelhakim
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abo Hammad 44519, Egypt;
| | - Abd Elhakeem I. El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt;
| | - Nihal El Nahhas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram baik, Alexandria 21515, Egypt;
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.T.Y.K.); (D.I.)
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17
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Dawood MAO, El-Shamaa IS, Abdel-Razik NI, Elkomy AH, Gewaily MS, Abdo SE, Soliman AA, Paray BA, Abdelkhalek N. The effect of mannanoligosaccharide on the growth performance, histopathology, and the expression of immune and antioxidative related genes in Nile tilapia reared under chlorpyrifos ambient toxicity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:421-429. [PMID: 32470510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in reducing the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity in tilapia was evaluated in the present study. Fish were allotted into four groups and fed the basal diet or MOS and exposed to CPF (control, CPF, MOS, and MOS/CPF) for 30 days. Fish fed MOS revealed higher growth and survival rates and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish (P < 0.05). The Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs variables were lowered by CPF toxicity and increased by MOS (P < 0.05). The values of total protein (sTP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), lysozyme (LZM), and phagocytic activities (PA) decreased whereas, ALP, ALT, AST, urea, bilirubin (BIL), and creatinine (CR) were increased by CPF toxicity. However, dietary MOS increased the sTP, ALB, GLB, LZM, and PA and decreased the ALP, ALT, AST, BIL, and CR. The PA and phagocytic index displayed higher levels by MOS feeding than the other groups (P < 0.05). The lowest mRNA level of GPX1 (cellular GPX) gene was observed in fish of the CPF group, while the highest level was shown in the MOS/CPF group (P < 0.05). Fish in the control and CPF groups displayed downregulated CAT whereas the expression of GPX and CAT genes was higher in fish of the MOS/CPF group than fish in the MOS group (P < 0.05). MOS upregulated the expression of HSP70 gene with CPF toxicity. Fish of the CPF and MOS/CPF groups displayed upregulated CASP3, IFN-γ, and IL-8 genes. Fish of the CPF group exhibited the lowest IL-1β, while fish of the MOS/CPF group showed upregulated IL-1β. The intoxication with CPF induced histopathological inflammations in the gills, intestine, and liver tissues, while dietary MOS protected against inflammation. In summary, dietary MOS is recommended as an immunostimulant to counteract the inflammatory impacts of waterborne CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim S El-Shamaa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Abdel-Razik
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Azza H Elkomy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Abdelkhalek
- Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Qiao G, Xu C, Sun Q, Xu DH, Zhang M, Chen P, Li Q. Effects of dietary poly-β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation on the growth, immune response and intestinal microbiota of soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:251-263. [PMID: 31121290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila) is an important economic fish species in China, but stress and diseases have seriously restricted its culture. There are no effective methods including vaccines to prevent or control these diseases. Alternative methods should be employed, such as using novel immunostimulant poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The present study aimed to evaluate effects of dietary PHB supplementation on the growth, antioxidant enzymes activity, immune-related genes expression and intestinal microbiota in soiny mullet. The fish was fed for 30 or 60 days with six diets at different PHB supplementation of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%, named as groups P0, P0.5, P1, P2, P4 and P8. The results showed that the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish in P2 and P0.5 groups were significantly higher than those in control P0 group at 30 and 60 days, respectively (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzymes activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in serum were significantly increased in P0.5/P1/P2 groups after 30 days. The transcriptional levels of penicillin-binding protein A and interleukin-8 analyzed by qRT-PCR were significantly upregulated in P2 and P4 groups compared to those in P0/P0.5/P1/P8 groups at 30 days. The transcriptional level of major histocompatibility complex class II in P2 group was significantly upregulated, and aldehyde oxidase downregulated compared to P0 group. Intestinal microbiota analysis by Illumina high-throughput sequencing showed that the microbiota diversity was not changed significantly, but the microbiota structure shifted significantly post PHB treatment. At the phyla level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were predominant in both P0 and P2 groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus spp. in P2 group increased significantly, and abundance of Achromobacter spp. decreased significantly. KEGG pathway analysis by PICRUSt showed that oral administration PHB significantly upregulated abundances of genes responsible for 10 pathways and downregulated genes involved in 17 pathways. In conclusion, soiny mullet fed with 2% PHB supplemental diets for 30 days showed better growth performance, higher antioxidant enzymes activity and immune-related genes expression. Their regulation of growth and immunity might be related with the intestinal microbiota change post PHB supplementation. It will provide very useful basic information to study the regulation mechanism of PHB in aquatic animals, and provide good green method to prevent disease in soiny mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qiao
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirui Sun
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - De-Hai Xu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Singh SK, Tiwari VK, Chadha NK, Munilkumar S, Prakash C, Pawar NA. Effect of dietary synbiotic supplementation on growth, immune and physiological status of Labeo rohita juveniles exposed to low pH stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:358-368. [PMID: 31085327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary Bacillus circulans PB7 (BCPB7) and fructoligosaccharide (FOS), used singly or in combination for evaluation of growth, immune and physiological status of Labeo rohita (rohu) juveniles reared under low pH and normal pH for 60 days. Experimental fishes were distributed in two sets such as one set continuously exposed to low pH (5.5) and other reared under normal pH (7.0), and fed with four iso-nitrogenous diets viz. basal (control), Bacillus circulans PB7 (BCPB7, 106 cfug-1), 1% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and their combination. The effect of such pre, pro and synbiotics dietary treatments on growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio), immune response (hematological indices, serum biochemistry, lysozyme, NBT activity), antioxidative status in the form of antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), Na+ K+ ATPase and stress bio-markers (cortisol, glucose and HSP-70) were examined. The group treated with low pH and fed with control diet (without supplementation) was found to be inhibited (p < 0.05) in growth and immuno-physiological function. However, supplementation of BCPB7 and FOS was non-significant (p < 0.05) on growth performance and physiological process but their concurrent feeding remarkably improved (p < 0.05) growth and immune-physiological function when exposed to low pH. Overall results indicate that dietary combination of BCPB7 and FOS can be considered an effective synbiotic formula against low pH stress in culture practices of L. rohita juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soibam Khogen Singh
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India; Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura West-799210, India.
| | - V K Tiwari
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - N K Chadha
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sukham Munilkumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Kolkata Centre, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 70091, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh A Pawar
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India
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Boosted Growth Performance, Mucosal and Serum Immunity, and Disease Resistance Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings Using Corncob-Derived Xylooligosaccharide and Lactobacillus plantarum CR1T5. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:400-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Hoseinifar SH, Hosseini M, Paknejad H, Safari R, Jafar A, Yousefi M, Van Doan H, Torfi Mozanzadeh M. Enhanced mucosal immune responses, immune related genes and growth performance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles fed dietary Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M and raffinose. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:59-65. [PMID: 30668960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) and raffinose (RF) alone or in combination on growth performance, mucosal immune factors and immune related genes expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Fish with initial weight of 10.0 ± 2.5 g were fed the following experimental diets for 60 days: control (without supplementation), prebiotic (2 g RF kg-1 diet), probiotic (6 × 108 CFU g-1PA) and synbiotic (2 g RF kg-1+ 6 × 108 CFU g-1PA). Carp fed synbiotic and probiotic diets had the highest (19.53 ± 0.16) and the lowest (18.05 ± 0.65) final body weight, respectively and the other experimental groups showed intermediate values. Singular administration of PA or in combination with 2 g RF kg-1 significantly increased skin mucus total immunoglobulin (Ig) and protein compared other groups, meanwhile, values of skin mucus protease activity enhanced by dietary immunostimulants administration in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). The expression of gene encoding lysozyme in skin pronouncedly increased by supplementing diets with singular or mixture of PA and RF; however, the expression of intestinal lysozyme gene as well as tumor necrosis factor-α genes expression in skin and intestine were not affected by administrating different immunostimulants (P > 0.05). The highest growth performance was noticed in fish fed synbiotic (P < 0.05). Overall, the combination of 2 g RF kg-1 with 6 × 108 CFU g-1PA is recommended for improving immunological responses of C. carpio juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marjan Hosseini
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roghieh Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Jafar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran
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22
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Hasan MT, Jang WJ, Kim H, Lee BJ, Kim KW, Hur SW, Lim SG, Bai SC, Kong IS. Synergistic effects of dietary Bacillus sp. SJ-10 plus β-glucooligosaccharides as a synbiotic on growth performance, innate immunity and streptococcosis resistance in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:544-553. [PMID: 30194054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. SJ-10 (BSJ-10) was identified from traditional Korean fermented fish, the previously recognized prebiotic β-glucooligosaccharides (BGO), and their combination as a synbiotic were prepared to evaluate their individual and synergistic effects in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Four diets (one control and three treatments) were formulated containing neither BSJ-10 nor BGO (control), 1 × 108 CFU g -1 BSJ-10 (BSJ-10), 0.1% BGO (BGO), and 1 × 108 CFU g-1 BSJ-10 + 0.1% BGO (BSJ-10 + BGO). Triplicates of 15 fish (weight 10 ± 0.25 g) were randomly allocated to the four diet groups and fed one of the diets for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, fish weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio in BSJ-10, BGO and BSJ-10 + BGO diets were positively modulated (P < 0.05) compared with control. Specially, WG and SGR were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in BSJ-10 + BGO than that of BSJ-10 and BGO (individual component). The innate immune parameters such as respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme activity (LSZ) of fish fed BSJ-10 and BSJ-10 + BGO (both groups) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control. Moreover, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and LSZ of fish fed BSJ-10 + BGO were significantly higher compared with individual component. Compared with control, intestinal BSJ-10 content, expression of interleukin (IL)-1β in liver and kidney, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in liver were higher in both groups, but microvillus length was increased (P < 0.05) only in BSJ-10 + BGO. During in vivo challenge experiment with Streptococcus iniae (1 × 108 CFU ml-1), survival rate of fish was significantly higher in all treatment groups versus control. Moreover, in BSJ-10 + BGO, protection against S. iniae infection and transcription of TNF-α and IL-6 in gill were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the individual component. Collectively, an improved WG, SGR, MPO, LSZ, transcription of IL-6 and TNF-α, and cumulative survival rate against streptococcosis clearly demonstrates a synergistic outcome of diet BSJ-10 + BGO as synbiotic in olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tawheed Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Haham Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Lim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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