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Li K, Wei X, Yang J. Cytokine networks that suppress fish cellular immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104769. [PMID: 37423553 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cytokines are a class of cytokines produced by immune cells and certain non-immune cells that have a suppressive effect on immune function. Currently known immunosuppressive cytokines include interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), IL-35, and IL-37. Although latest sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of immunosuppressive cytokines in fish, IL-10 and TGF-β were the most well-known ones that have been widely studied and received continuous attention. Fish IL-10 and TGF-β have been identified as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive factors, acting on both innate and adaptive immune systems. However, unlike mammals, teleost fish underwent a third or fourth whole-genome duplication event, which significantly expanded the gene family associated with the cytokine signaling pathway, making the function and mechanism of these molecules need further investigation. In this review, we summarize the advances of studies on fish immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β since their identification, mainly focusing on production, signaling transduction, and effects on the immunological function. This review aims to expand the understanding of the immunosuppressive cytokine network in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Cao J, Xu H, Yu Y, Xu Z. Regulatory roles of cytokines in T and B lymphocytes-mediated immunity in teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 144:104621. [PMID: 36801469 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
T and B lymphocytes (T and B cells) are immune effector cells that play critical roles in adaptive immunity and defend against external pathogens in most vertebrates, including teleost fish. In mammals, the development and immune response of T and B cells is associated with cytokines including chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors during pathogenic invasion or immunization. Given that teleost fish have evolved a similar adaptive immune system to mammals with T and B cells bearing unique receptors (B-cell receptors (BCRs) and T-cell receptors (TCRs)) and that cytokines in general have been identified, whether the regulatory roles of cytokines in T and B cell-mediated immunity are evolutionarily conserved between mammalians and teleost fish is a fascinating question. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of teleost cytokines and T and B cells as well as the regulatory roles of cytokines on these two types of lymphocytes. This may provide important information on the parallelisms and dissimilarities of the functions of cytokines in bony fish versus higher vertebrates, which may aid in the evaluation and development of adaptive immunity-based vaccines or immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongyao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Sun P, Zhang D, Li N, Li XF, Ma YH, Li H, Tian Y, Wang T, Siddiquid SA, Sun WW, Zhang L, Shan XF, Wang CF, Qian AD, Zhang DX. Transcriptomic insights into the immune response of the intestine to Aeromonas veronii infection in northern snakehead (Channa argus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114825. [PMID: 36989948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a protective response that is implicated in bacterial enteritis triggered by gastrointestinal infection. The immune mechanisms elicited in teleost against the infection of Aeromonas veronii are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a de novo northern snakehead (Channa argus) transcriptome assembly using Illumina sequencing platform. On this basis we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of northern snakehead intestine from A. veronii-challenge and phosphate buffer solution (PBS)-challenge fish, and 2076 genes were up-regulated and 1598 genes were down-regulated in the intestines infected with A. veronii. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched to 27, 21 and 20 GO terms in biological process, cellular component, and molecular function, respectively. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 420 DEGs were involved in 194 pathways. Moreover, 33 DEGs were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis to validate the RNA-seq data. The results reflected the consistency of the expression levels between qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data. In addition, a time-course analysis of the mRNA expression of 33 immune-related genes further indicated that the intestinal inflammation to A. veronii infection simultaneously regulated gene expression alterations. The present study provides transcriptome data of the teleost intestine, allowing us to understand the mechanisms of intestinal inflammation triggered by bacterial pathogens. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and Supplementary files. The RNA-seq raw sequence data are available in NCBI short read archive (SRA) database under accession number PRJNA615958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang 157020, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi-Han Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | | | - Wu-Wen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Tian H, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Interactions of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptors mediate the activities of B lymphocytes in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:113-123. [PMID: 36539171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that plays significant role in the activation and proliferation of immune cells. In teleost, the functions of IL-2 signaling on the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes were well documented. However, there is still unclear about the effects of IL-2 signaling on B cell immunity in fish. Hence, in this study, full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate the activation of IL-2 on flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) lymphocytes in vitro, the effects of IL-2 on the immunity of B cells after its receptors (IL-2Rβ or IL-2Rγ) blocked were further investigated. The results shown that the differentially expressed genes in lymphocytes after IL-2 stimulation were annotated to the pathways related to the immune response of B cells. The percentages of mIgM+ B cells were increased, and the capacities of antibody secretion and phagocytosis of B cells were enhanced after IL-2 stimulation. However, the function of IL-2 on B lymphocytes immunity was significantly inhibited after IL-2 receptors were blocked, especially after IL-2Rβ was blocked. Collectively, we can conclude that IL-2 is able to promote the proliferation of B lymphocytes, antibody secretion, and enhance their phagocytosis in flounder, and these effects are mediated through IL-2/IL-2R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Tian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wu J, Nie Y, Wang J, Feng G, Hao L, Ma Y, Li Y, Liu Z. Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway was involved in phagocytosis of mIgM + B lymphocytes from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:128-140. [PMID: 36222291 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential for phagocytosis has been proven in teleost B cells, but the research on the regulatory mechanism of phagocytosis remains lacking. In this study, three largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (15 ± 5 g) were injected intraperitoneally with Nocardia seriolae (105 CFU/100 μl/fish) in vivo, and their spleen was collected at 72 h post-infection for mRNA-seq. After the de novo assembly of the paired-end reads, 73,622 unigenes were obtained. Gene expression profiling revealed that 2043 unigenes were differentially expressed after N. seriolae infection, comprising 1285 upregulated and 758 downregulated unigenes (q-value <0.05, log2FC > |2|) of which 181 genes were involved in phagocytosis. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that 12 differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with phagocytosis were enriched in the Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis signalling pathway. In vitro, the phagocytic ability of mIgM+ B lymphocytes was validated using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and fluorescence activating cell sorter (FACS), and the phagocytosis rates of the mIgM+ B lymphocytes incubated with a Lyn inhibitor had decreased from 18.533 ± 6.00% to 11.610 ± 4.236% compared with the unblocked group. These results suggested that the Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis signalling pathway had participated in the phagocytosis of B cells and provide further insight into the role of B cells in innate immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Nie
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
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Ye H, Pan J, Cai X, Yin Z, Li L, Gong E, Xu C, Zheng H, Cao Z, Chen E, Qian J. IL‑10/IL‑10 receptor 1 pathway promotes the viability and collagen synthesis of pulmonary fibroblasts originated from interstitial pneumonia tissues. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:518. [PMID: 35837039 PMCID: PMC9257754 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia is a pulmonary interstitial inflammatory and fibrosis disease with a variety of causes that causes respiratory disorders and threatens the lives of patients. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in peripheral blood of patients with interstitial pneumonia and its biological functions in pulmonary fibroblasts. A total of 42 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 20 healthy subjects were included. ELISA was used to determine IL-10 concentration in serum from the patients and healthy subjects. Primary fibroblasts were isolated from lung tissue successfully and determined by morphology. The CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the effect of IL-10 expression on cell viability. Western blotting was used to determine COL1a1, COL1a2 and IL-10R1 protein expression. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and to determine the number of IL-10+ cells. Expression of IL-10 in serum from IPF patients was higher compared to that from healthy subjects. IL-10 promoted the viability and collagen synthesis and secretion of MRC-5 cells and primary pulmonary fibroblasts. IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (R) 1 served regulatory roles in the viability and collagen synthesis of MRC-5 cells. The ratio of peripheral mononuclear lymphocytes with positive expression of IL-10 was elevated in peripheral blood from patients with IPF. The present study demonstrated that IL-10 expression in peripheral blood of patients with IPF is increased significantly compared with healthy subjects. Activation of the IL-10/IL-10R1 signaling pathway promoted the viability and collagen synthesis and secretion of pulmonary fibroblasts, leading to pulmonary fibrosis. The present study provided experimental basis for further understanding the development mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyong Yin
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Enhui Gong
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Enguo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
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Ma ZY, Liang JX, Li WS, Sun Y, Wu CS, Hu YZ, Li J, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. Complement C3a Enhances the Phagocytic Activity of B Cells Through C3aR in a Fish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873982. [PMID: 35386704 PMCID: PMC8977587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the immune system of teleost fish. Besides, teleost B cells possess both phagocytic activity and adaptive humoral immune function, unlike mammalian B1 cells with phagocytic activity and B2 cells specific to adaptive humoral immunity. However, the cross talk between complement system and phagocytic B cells in teleost fish still requires elucidation. Here, we show that, unlike tetrapods with a single C3 gene, nine C3 genes were identified from the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) genome, named C3.1-C3.9. Expression analysis revealed that C3.1 is the dominant C3 molecule in grass carp, for its expression was significantly higher than that of the other C3 molecules both at the mRNA and protein levels. The C3a fragment of C3.1 (C3a.1) was determined after the conserved C3 convertase cleavage site. Structural analysis revealed that C3a.1 consists of four α-helixes, with the C-terminal region forming a long α-helix, which is the potential functional region. Interestingly, we found that the recombinant GST-C3a.1 protein and the C-terminal α-helix peptide of C3a.1 both could significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of IgM+ B cells. Further study revealed that the C3a receptor (C3aR) was highly expressed in grass carp IgM+ B cells, and the phagocytosis-stimulating activity of C3a.1 could be dramatically inhibited by the anti-C3aR antibodies, indicating that C3a.1 performed the stimulating function through C3aR on IgM+ B cells. Taken together, our study not only uncovered the novel phagocytosis-stimulating activity of C3a, but also increased our knowledge of the cross talk between complement system and phagocytic B cells in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-You Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie MI, United States
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Wu J, Nie Y, Ma Y, Hao L, Liu Z, Li Y. Analysis of phagocytosis by mIgM + lymphocytes depending on monoclonal antibodies against IgM of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:399-408. [PMID: 35314332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phagocytic actives of B cells in fish have been proven in recent years. In this study, five positive hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against largemouth bass IgM were produced. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that five MAbs could specifically recognize membrane-bound IgM (mIgM) molecule of largemouth bass. Indirect ELISA and Western blotting analysis showed that all the five MAbs had no cross-reactions with the other two teleost IgMs. Flow cytometry analysis (FCM) revealed that the percentages of largemouth bass mIgM+ lymphocytes in head kidney, peripheral blood and spleen were 51.66 ± 0.608%, 16.5 ± 1.235% and 42.92 ± 1.091%, respectively. In addition, the phagocytosis rates of mIgM + lymphocytes ingesting Nocardia seriolae from head kidney, peripheral blood and spleen were calculated to be 5.413 ± 0.274%, 16.6 ± 0.289% and 26.3 ± 0.296%, respectively. The qPCR results of sorted cells indicated that most inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12β, IL-34, IL-10), chemokine (CXCL12), chemokines receptors (CXCR2, CXCR4) and genes (FcγRⅠa, NCF1, CFL, ARP2/3, CD45, Syk, MARCKS) related to FcγR-mediated phagocytic signaling pathway in phagocytic mIgM+ lymphocytes were up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggested that the MAb (MM06H) produced in this paper could be used as a tool to study mIgM+ lymphocytes of largemouth bass, and FcγR may participate in the phagocytosis of mIgM+ lymphocytes, which is helpful to further study the role of mIgM+ lymphocytes in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yifan Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Department of Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Wu L, Li L, Gao A, Ye J, Li J. Antimicrobial roles of phagocytosis in teleost fish: Phagocytic B cells vs professional phagocytes. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Yang DX, Yang H, Cao YC, Jiang M, Zheng J, Peng B. Succinate Promotes Phagocytosis of Monocytes/Macrophages in Teleost Fish. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:644957. [PMID: 33937328 PMCID: PMC8082191 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.644957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of immunity-based strategy to manage bacterial infection is urgently needed in aquaculture due to the widespread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Phagocytosis serves as the first line defense in innate immunity that engulfs bacteria and restricts their proliferations and invasions. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of phagocytosis is not fully elucidated and the way to boost phagocytosis is not yet explored. In this manuscript, we profiled the metabolomes of monocytes/macrophages isolated from Nile tilapia, prior and after phagocytosis on Vibrio alginolyticus. Monocytes/macrophages showed a metabolic shift following phagocytosis. Interestingly, succinate was accumulated after phagocytosis and was identified as a crucial biomarker to distinguish before and after phagocytosis. Exogenous succinate increased the phagocytotic rate of monocytes/macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was dependent on the TCA cycle as the inhibitor of malonate that targets succinate dehydrogenase abrogated the effect. Meanwhile, exogenous succinate regulated the expression of genes associated with innate immune and phagocytosis. In addition, succinate-potentiated phagocytosis was applicable to both gram-negative and -positive cells, including V. alginolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus iniae. Our study shed light on the understanding of how modulation on host's metabolism regulates immune response, and this can be a potent therapeutic approach to control bacterial infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Xiao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yun-Chao Cao
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
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11
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Zimmerman LM. The reptilian perspective on vertebrate immunity: 10 years of progress. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/21/jeb214171. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.214171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Ten years ago, ‘Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective’ was published. At the time, our understanding of the reptilian immune system lagged behind that of birds, mammals, fish and amphibians. Since then, great progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of reptilian immunity. Here, I review recent discoveries associated with the recognition of pathogens, effector mechanisms and memory responses in reptiles. Moreover, I put forward key questions to drive the next 10 years of research, including how reptiles are able to balance robust innate mechanisms with avoiding self-damage, how B cells and antibodies are used in immune defense and whether innate mechanisms can display the hallmarks of memory. Finally, I briefly discuss the links between our mechanistic understanding of the reptilian immune system and the field of eco-immunology. Overall, the field of reptile immunology is poised to contribute greatly to our understanding of vertebrate immunity in the next 10 years.
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Zhou X, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Interacts With IL-2 Receptor Beta (IL-2Rβ): Its Potential to Enhance the Proliferation of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Immunol 2020; 11:531785. [PMID: 33013923 PMCID: PMC7509493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.531785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine that primarily promotes the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T helper subsets and CD4+ T regulatory cells. In our previous studies, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rβ) genes of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were cloned, and IL-2Rβ molecules expressed on both B and T lymphocytes were identified. In the present study, the interaction of flounder IL-2 (fIL-2) with the IL-2 receptor beta (fIL-2Rβ) was investigated. The proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and IL-2Rβ+ cells were detected both in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the binding of recombinant flounder IL-2 protein (rfIL-2) and rfIL-2Rβ was verified by pull-down assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that rfIL-2 enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ and IL-2Rβ+ cells in the gill and spleen. Furthermore, CD4-1+, CD4-2+ T lymphocytes and IL-2Rβ+ cells were significantly upregulated in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with addition of rfIL-2, as shown by Flow cytometry. The related genes were examined by Q-PCR in cultured PBLs with added rfIL-2. The results showed that the IL-2-IL-2R interaction induced upregulated expression of T lymphocyte surface makers, Th1-related cytokines or transcription factors, and critical genes of the IL-2 signaling pathway. In addition, these IL-2-elicited biological functions and immune responses were downregulated by blocked with anti-rfIL-2Rβ and anti-rfIL-2 Abs, showing that IL-2Rβ plays an indispensable role in IL-2 elicited biological function. Our results demonstrated that the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2Rβ showed its potential to enhance the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in flounder. As found in mammals, a Th1-mediated mechanism regulated by this interaction exists in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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13
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Wu L, Qin Z, Liu H, Lin L, Ye J, Li J. Recent Advances on Phagocytic B Cells in Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:824. [PMID: 32536909 PMCID: PMC7267004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The momentous discovery of phagocytic activity in teleost B cells has caused a dramatic paradigm shift from the belief that phagocytosis is performed mainly by professional phagocytes derived from common myeloid progenitor cells, such as macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Recent advances on phagocytic B cells and their microbicidal ability in teleost fish position B cells at the crossroads, bridging innate with adaptive immunity. Most importantly, an increasing body of experimental evidence demonstrates that, in both teleosts and mammals, phagocytic B cells can recognize, take up, and destroy particulate antigens and then present those processed antigens to CD4+ T cells to elicit adaptive immune responses and that the phagocytosis is mediated by pattern recognition receptors and involves multiple cytokines. Thus, current findings collectively indicate that teleost phagocytic B cells, as well as their counterpart mammalian B1-B cells, can be considered one kind of professional phagocyte. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances regarding teleost phagocytic B cells, with a particular focus on the recognizing receptors and modulating mechanisms of phagocytic B cells and the process of antigen presentation for T-cell activation. We also attempt to provide new insights into the adaptive evolution of the teleost fish phagocytic B cell on the basis of its innate and adaptive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, United States
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14
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Yu C, Zhang P, Li XP, Sun L. Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus interleukin 21 induces inflammatory response and plays a vital role in the immune defense against bacterial pathogen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:364-373. [PMID: 31991231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays a vital role in immunity. In the current study, we examined the immune function of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus IL-21 (PoIL-21). PoIL-21 shares moderate (25.17%-46.25%) sequence identities with other teleost IL-21. PoIL-21 expression occurred in multiple tissues, especially intestine, and was regulated by bacterial infection in a time dependent manner. PoIL-21 was secreted by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) upon LPS stimulation. Recombinant PoIL-21 (rPoIL-21) bound to a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and inhibited the growth of the fish bacterial pathogen Streptococcus iniae. rPoIL-21 also interacted with PBL, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation, ROS production, and expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CD8β, T-bet, PoIL-21, PoIL-21 receptor, and STAT. Consequently, the presence of rPoIL-21 significantly reduced bacterial infection in PBL. In vivo study showed that rPoIL-21 upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and PoIL-21. Taken together, these results indicate that PoIL-21 is an inducible, secreted cytokine with a broad range of binding capacities and plays an important role in the regulation of anti-bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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