1
|
Zhang BY, Nie QJ, Xu JM, Cai GH, Ye JD, Jin T, Yang HL, Sun YZ. Preventive and reparative potentials of heat-inactivated and viable commensal Bacillus pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse impacts of high soybean meal in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109846. [PMID: 39168291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5, heat-inactivated (HSE5) or active (ASE5), were supplemented to high soybean meal (HSM) (36 %) diet at whole term (0-56 days) and middle term (29-56 days) to investigate the preventing and repairing effects of B. pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse effects of HSM in Epinephelus coioides. The results suggested that the HSM significantly decreased the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) at day 56 (P < 0.05), while HSE5 and ASE5 promoted the growth performance. The HSE5 and ASE5 showed preventive and reparative functions on the antioxidant capacity and serum immunity, with significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increased acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement 3 (C3). The HSM impaired the intestinal health (destroyed the intestinal structure, significantly increased the contents of serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase, and reduced the expressions of claudin-3 and occludin), while HSE5 and ASE5 improved them at whole term and middle term. The HSM impaired the intestinal microbiota and reduced its diversity, and the HSE5 or ASE5 improved the intestinal microbiota (especially at whole term). HSE5 and ASE5 improved the intestinal mRNA expressions of anti-inflammatory genes (il-10 and tgf-β1) and reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (il-1β, il-8, il-12), and promoted the expressions of humoral immune factor-related genes (cd4, igm, mhcII-α) and antimicrobial peptide genes (β-defensin, epinecidin-1 and hepcidin-1), and decreased the expressions of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway-related genes (ikk-α, nf-κb, erk-1), and improved the expressions of MAPK signaling pathway-related gene p38-α (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the heat-inactivated and active B. pumilus SE5 effectively prevented and repaired the suppressive effects of soybean meal in E. coioides, which underscored the potential of B. pumilus SE5 as a nutritional intervention agent in HSM diet in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qing-Jie Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jian-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Xiamen Canco Bioengineering Co., LTD, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang J, Jordan HR, Older CE, Griffin MJ, Allen PJ, Wise DJ, Goodman PM, Reifers JG, Yamamoto FY. Lactococcus lactis MA5 is a potential autochthonous probiotic for nutrient digestibility enhancement and bacterial pathogen inhibition in hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus × I. furcatus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13997. [PMID: 38973153 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
With the emergence of diseases, the U.S. catfish industry is under challenge. Current trends prefer autochthonous bacteria as potential probiotic candidates owing to their adaptability and capacity to effectively colonize the host's intestine, which can enhance production performance and bolster disease resistance. The objective of this study was to isolate an autochthonous bacterium as probiotic for hybrid catfish. Initially, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota of hybrid catfish reared in earthen ponds was conducted for subsequent probiotic development. Twenty lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the digesta of overperforming catfish, and most of the candidates demonstrated probiotic traits, including proteolytic and lipolytic abilities; antagonistic inhibition of catfish enteric bacterial pathogens, negative haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Subsequent to this screening process, an isolate of Lactococcus lactis (MA5) was deemed the most promising probiotic candidate. In silico analyses were conducted, and several potential probiotic functions were predicted, including essential amino acids and vitamin synthesis. Moreover, genes for three bacteriocins, lactococcin A, enterolysin A and sactipeptide BmbF, were identified. Lastly, various protectant media for lyophilization of MA5 were assessed. These findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MA5 can be an autochthonous probiotic from hybrid catfish, holding promise to be further tested in feeding trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heather R Jordan
- Department of Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caitlin E Older
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - David J Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Penelope M Goodman
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - J Grant Reifers
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fernando Y Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
TAKEUCHI S, ALI MS, TANIMOTO Y, KAGE-NAKADAI E. Lactococcus kimchii extends lifespan and alleviates motility decline in Caenorhabditis elegans through ins-20, an insulin-like peptide gene. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:267-274. [PMID: 38966057 PMCID: PMC11220334 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus kimchii is isolated from commercial kimchi, which is a traditional Korean fermented food. This study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effects of L. kimchii. Caenorhabditis elegans was fed L. kimchii, and its longevity, motility, and gene expression were examined. When fed a 1:1 mixture of Escherichia coli OP50 and L. kimchii (OP+LK), C. elegans had a significantly longer lifespan and increased locomotion than when it was fed OP alone. There was no significant difference in brood size between the OP+LK and OP groups, suggesting that these effects occurred in a dietary restriction-independent manner. RNA sequencing and Gene Ontology analysis showed that the expression of ins-20, an insulin-like peptide and agonist of the insulin receptor, was significantly upregulated in the OP+LK group. The ins-20 mutation annulled the effects of OP+LK on lifespan extension and motility. In addition, OP+LK failed to extend the lifespan of C. elegans deficient in daf-2, a receptor for the insulin-like signaling pathway. These results suggest that L. kimchii extends the lifespan and alleviates motility decline in C. elegans through the insulin signaling pathway, highlighting the potential of using L. kimchii as a beneficial bacterium for probiotics and postbiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino TAKEUCHI
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan
University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shaokat ALI
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University,
3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary
and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Yoshihiko TANIMOTO
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan
University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health,
Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Eriko KAGE-NAKADAI
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan
University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University,
3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Japan
- Present address: Institute for Life and Medical Sciences,
Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Li Q, Fan L, Xie L, Zhang Q, Deng X. The impact of Lactococcus lactis KUST48 on the transcription profile of Aeromonas hydrophila-infected zebrafish spleen. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0392723. [PMID: 38441470 PMCID: PMC10986548 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03927-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, an aquatic pathogenic bacterium, has been found to infect many fish species and cause huge aquaculture losses. Antibiotics are the most common drugs used to treat these infections. However, antibiotic abuse can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. Probiotics have the potential to replace antibiotics for preventing infections. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a model organism used to study the innate immune system and host-pathogen interactions. Currently, there is little information on how the fish immune system responds to A. hydrophila and probiotic treatment. To increase the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the zebrafish defense against A. hydrophila and provide evidence that antibiotics can be replaced by probiotics, a transcriptome analysis of the zebrafish spleen was conducted 48 hours after infection by A. hydrophila, as well as after treatment using Lactococcus lactis KUST48 4 hours after infection. A total of 36,499 genes were obtained. There were 3,337 genes found to have significant differential expression between treatment and control groups. According to further annotation and enrichment analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in signal transduction, endocrine system cancer, and the immune system. Insulin resistance disappeared in the zebrafish after treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to confirm the significant regulation of immune defense DEGs, the results of which were consistent with the RNA-sequencing data. These results could serve as a basis for future studies on the immune response to A. hydrophila and provide suggestions for probiotic alternatives to antibiotics, which will be of great significance to aquaculture and environmental protection.IMPORTANCEIn recent years, the unreasonable use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic residues, cross infection, toxic side effects, and so on, which has caused a serious threat to human food safety and life health. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the potential of probiotics as a substitute for antibiotics, but there is still a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying probiotic therapy. We conduct a research on the impact of Lactococcus lactis KUST48 on the transcription profile of Aeromonas hydrophila-infected zebrafish spleen. Mortality of zebrafish infected with A. hydrophila was significantly reduced after treatment with L. lactis KUST48. Our results can help to strengthen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of zebrafish and provide a valuable reference for the molecular mechanisms of probiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Modern Agriculture, Zunyi Vocational Technology College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Modern Agriculture, Zunyi Vocational Technology College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Department of Modern Agriculture, Zunyi Vocational Technology College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liqin Xie
- Department of Modern Agriculture, Zunyi Vocational Technology College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- Department of Modern Agriculture, Zunyi Vocational Technology College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia X, Ma X, Liang N, Qin L, Huo W, Li Y. Damage of polyethylene microplastics on the intestine multilayer barrier, blood cell immune function and the repair effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides DH in the large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109460. [PMID: 38382690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) has become a global concern due to their widespread distribution and hazardous properties in aquatic habitats. In this study, the accumulation effect of PE-MPs in the intestine of large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) was explored by adding different concentrations of PE-MPs to the water, the destination of PE-MPs after breaking the intestinal barrier and the effects caused. The collected data showed that PE-MPs accumulation for 21d altered the histomorphology and antioxidant enzyme activity of the intestine, induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. 10 mg/L of PE-MPs induced a significant increase in the transcript levels of intestinal immunity factors in loach after 21d of exposure. Moreover, the levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid (D-Lac) in the gut and serum of loach were significantly increased after exposure to PE-MPs at all concentrations (1, 5, 10 mg/L). Subsequently, the presence of PE-MPs was detected in the blood, suggesting that the disruption of the intestinal multilayer barrier allowed PE-MPs to spill into the circulation. The accumulation of PE-MPs (1,5,10 mg/L) in the blood led to massive apoptosis and necrosis of blood cells and activated phagocytosis in response to PE-MPs invasion. To alleviate the damage, this study further exposure the effect of probiotics on PE-MPs treated loach by adding Leuconostoc mesenteroides DH (109 CFU/g) to the feed. The results showed that DH significantly increased the intestinal index and reduced the levels of DAO and D-Lac. To investigate the reason, we followed the PE-MPs in the intestine and blood of the loach and found that the number of PE-MPs particles was significantly reduced in the probiotic group, while the PE-MPs content in the feces was elevated. Thus, we concluded that DH reducing the accumulation of PE-MPs in the intestinal by increases fecal PE-MPs, which in turn mitigates the damage to the intestinal barrier caused by PE-MPs, and reduces the amount of PE-MPs in the blood. This work offers a robust analysis to understand the mechanisms of damage to the intestinal barrier by MPs and the fate of MPs after escaping the intestinal barrier and provide a new perspective on the application of probiotics in mitigating PE-MPs toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Ning Liang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Lu Qin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Weiran Huo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Lv H, Cai X, Tang S, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Effects of the compound extracts of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on the intestinal microbiota and antioxidant function. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1289490. [PMID: 38282732 PMCID: PMC10822692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Chinese encyclopedia "Ben Cao Gang Mu" (AD 1552-1578), Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are used in traditional Chinese medicine to clear heat, detoxify, and treat wind-heat colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia. However, the mechanism and the effects of the compound extracts of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on intestinal health remain unclear. From the perspective of intestinal microbes, this study assessed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal protective properties of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Mice received diets with or without Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extractive (BCA) for 2 weeks in this study. The results showed that BCA increased body weight gain, feed intake, and catalase (CAT) content in the mice but reduced γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) content in the serum (p < 0.05). BCA improved the Sobs, Chao, and Ace indices, as well as the number of Campylobacterota, Patercibacteria, and Desulfobacterota in the colon microbiota, while it decreased the Firmicutes phylum (p < 0.05). At the genus level, BCA increased Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Helicobacter, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, norank_f_Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, etc. abundance (p < 0.05), but it significantly decreased Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001 abundance (p < 0.05). Moreover, BCA improved the concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid and diminished the concentration of isobutyric acid (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis shows that the changes in short-chain fatty acids and antioxidant and inflammatory indices in the serum were significantly correlated with the BCA-enriched microbiota. This study supplemented a database for the application of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in clinical and animal production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Cai
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yousuf S, Tyagi A, Singh R. Probiotic Supplementation as an Emerging Alternative to Chemical Therapeutics in Finfish Aquaculture: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1151-1168. [PMID: 35904730 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a promising food sector to fulfil nutritional requirements of growing human population. Live weight aquaculture production reached up to 114.5 million tonnes in 2018 and it is further expected to grow by 32% by year 2030. Among total aquaculture production, major product harvested is finfish and its contribution has reached 46% in recent years. Frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases create obstacle in finfish production, result in economic losses to the farmers and threaten the sustainability of aquaculture industry itself. In spite of following the best management practices, the use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics and phytochemicals often become the method of choice in finfish culture. Among these, phytochemicals have shown lesser effect in animal welfare while antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics have led to negative consequences like emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and accumulation of residues in host and culture system, resulting in quality degradation of aqua products. Making use of probiotics as viable alternative has paved a way for sustainable aquaculture and minimise the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics that pose adverse effect on host and culture system. This review paper elucidates the knowledge about antibiotics and other chemicals, compilation of probiotics and their effects on health status of finfish as well as overall culture environment. Besides, concoction of probiotics and prebiotics for simultaneous application has also been discussed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sufiara Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohammadian T, Momeni H, Kazemi M, Mesbah M, Abedini M, Zare M, Khosravi M, Osroosh E. Eubiotic Effect of a Dietary Bio-Aqua ® and Sodium Diformate (NaDF) on Salmo trutta caspius: Innate Immune System, Biochemical Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Expression of Immunological and Growth-Related Genes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1342-1354. [PMID: 36074297 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of combined and singular oral administration of Bio-Aqua® with different dosages of sodium diformate (NaDF) on biochemical indices, innate immune responses, antioxidant effects, and expressions of immunological related genes of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fingerlings Salmo trutta caspius (n = 1800; initial weight 15 ± 3 g) were randomly allocated into five groups (120 fish group-1 in triplicates). Control diet: without any addition, G1, G2, G3, and G4 received diets containing 0.2 g kg-1 commercial probiotic Bio-Aqua® combined with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% NaDF to the basal diet for 60 days according to recommended dosages reported in previous studies. Results indicated that serum bactericidal activity (G3 on day 60 and G1 on day 30) and classic complement in all groups (on day 60) (G1 and G2 on day 30) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). The serum lysozyme, glucose, globulin, and albumin levels showed no significant differences between all groups compared to the control group (P > 0.05). On days 30 and 60 of the sampling, no significant difference was observed in the amount of superoxide disotase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) between the treatments (P > 0.05) but activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in G1 than the control (P < 0.05). The expression of the immune-regulating genes IL-10, IL-1β, GTP, FATP, and IGF was significantly improved in all probiotic + acidifier-treated groups (P < 0.05). The current findings showed that mixture of Bio-Aqua® and NaDF (1.5% + pro) is beneficial, as it effectively improves some immune parameters and expression of immunological and growth-related genes in Caspian brown trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takavar Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Member of Excellence Center of Warm Water Fish Health, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hossien Momeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kazemi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mesbah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Member of Excellence Center of Warm Water Fish Health, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Melika Abedini
- DVM, Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Osroosh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Marco G, Cappello T, Maisano M. Histomorphological Changes in Fish Gut in Response to Prebiotics and Probiotics Treatment to Improve Their Health Status: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2860. [PMID: 37760260 PMCID: PMC10525268 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) promotes the digestion and absorption of feeds, in addition to the excretion of waste products of digestion. In fish, the GIT is divided into four regions, the headgut, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, to which glands and lymphoid tissues are associated to release digestive enzymes and molecules involved in the immune response and control of host-pathogens. The GIT is inhabited by different species of resident microorganisms, the microbiota, which have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship and are responsible for metabolic benefits and counteracting pathogen infection. There is a strict connection between a fish's gut microbiota and its health status. This review focuses on the modulation of fish microbiota by feed additives based on prebiotics and probiotics as a feasible strategy to improve fish health status and gut efficiency, mitigate emerging diseases, and maximize rearing and growth performance. Furthermore, the use of histological assays as a valid tool for fish welfare assessment is also discussed, and insights on nutrient absorptive capacity and responsiveness to pathogens in fish by gut morphological endpoints are provided. Overall, the literature reviewed emphasizes the complex interactions between microorganisms and host fish, shedding light on the beneficial use of prebiotics and probiotics in the aquaculture sector, with the potential to provide directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Melo-Bolívar JF, Ruiz Pardo RY, Quintanilla-Carvajal MX, Díaz LE, Alzate JF, Junca H, Rodríguez Orjuela JA, Villamil Diaz LM. Evaluation of dietary single probiotic isolates and probiotic multistrain consortia in growth performance, gut histology, gut microbiota, immune regulation, and infection resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, shows superior monostrain performance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108928. [PMID: 37423403 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The probiotic potential of a designed bacterial consortia isolated from a competitive exclusion culture originally obtained from the intestinal contents of tilapia juveniles were evaluated on Nile tilapia alevins. The growth performance, intestinal histology, microbiota effects, resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, and immune response were assessed. In addition, the following treatments were included in a commercial feed: A12+M4+M10 (Lactococcus lactis A12, Priestia megaterium M4, and Priestia sp. M10), M4+M10 (P. megaterium M4, and Priestia sp. M10) and the single bacteria as controls; A12 (L. lactis A12), M4 (P. megaterium M4), M10 (Priestia sp. M10), also a commercial feed without any probiotic addition was included as a control. The results showed that all probiotic treatments improved the growth performance, intestinal histology, and resistance during experimental infection with S. agalactiae in comparison to the control fish. Also, the administration of probiotics resulted in the modulation of genes associated with the innate and adaptive immune systems that were non-dependent on microbial colonization. Surprisingly, L. lactis A12 alone induced benefits in fish compared to the microbial consortia, showing the highest increase in growth rate, survival during experimental infection with S. agalactiae, increased intestinal fold length, and the number of differentially expressed genes. Lastly, we conclude that a competitive exclusion culture is a reliable source of probiotics, and monostrain L. lactis A12 has comparable or even greater probiotic potential than the bacterial consortia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernando Melo-Bolívar
- Universidad de La Sabana, Doctorado en Biociencias, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo
- Universidad de La Sabana, Doctorado en Biociencias, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal
- Universidad de La Sabana, Doctorado en Biociencias, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Díaz
- Universidad de La Sabana, Doctorado en Biociencias, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica- CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria SIU, Grupo Pediaciencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Howard Junca
- Microbiomas Foundation, Div. Ecogenomics & Holobionts, RG Microbial Ecology: Metabolism, Genomics & Evolution, Chía, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alberto Rodríguez Orjuela
- Universidad de La Sabana, Doctorado en Biociencias, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Luisa Marcela Villamil Diaz
- Universidad de La Sabana, Doctorado en Biociencias, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang L, Shui X, Wang H, Qiu H, Tao C, Yin H, Wang P. Effects of Bacillus halophilus on growth, intestinal flora and metabolism of Larimichthys crocea. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101546. [PMID: 37731665 PMCID: PMC10507136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of probiotics into the diet of large yellow croaker has been demonstrated by several studies to confer partial disease resistance. Bacillus halophilic isolated from the intestinal flora was used to study its effects on performance growth indicators, intestinal tissue structure, intestinal flora and the metabolism of Larimichthys crocea. A total of 180 fishes with an initial body weight of (164.00 ± 54.00) g were fed diets with three different concentrations of Bacillus halophilic: 0 cfu/mL (FC0, control group), 108 cfu/mL (FC8, treatment group), and 1012 cfu/mL (FC12, treatment group). The results showed that there were no significant differences in specific growth rate among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared to the FC0 group, the final body weight and Weight gain rate were significantly higher in FC8 and FC12 groups (P < 0.05). The Survival of the FC12 group significantly improved (P < 0.05). Compared to the FC0 group, crude protein content in muscle of the FC8 group significantly increased (P < 0.05), crude fat content significantly increased in the FC12 group (P < 0.05), crude protein content in whole fish experimental groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), and ash content significantly increased in the FC8 group (P < 0.05). In terms of antioxidant ability, the content of LZM in blood increased significantly in the FC8 group (P < 0.05), GSH content in liver of the FC12 group increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the content of MDA and AKP in blood and liver had no significant difference (P > 0.05). At the level of intestinal structure, there were no significant differences in villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell number between control group and treatment groups (P > 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, and the genus level, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were the dominant bacteria in FC8 and FC12. A total of 1070 metabolites were identified, among which lipid metabolites accounted for 46.7%. Metabolites were involved in six main ways, mainly related to the metabolism of amino acids and lipids. The correlation analysis between microbes and metabolites showed that the intestinal flora of Larimichthys crocea could promote the synthesis of metabolites, among which Bacteroides and Megamonas could promote the synthesis of beneficial metabolites such as amino acids and vitamins. Through this study, we found that Bacillus halophilic can significantly improve growth, the antioxidant immunity ability and promote the expression of growth related metabolites, with the FC12 group being the better successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaomei Shui
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chenzhi Tao
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Heng Yin
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yun L, Kang M, Shen Y, Feng J, Yang G, Zhang J, Meng X, Chang X. Dietary Bacillus velezensis R-71003 and sodium gluconate improve antioxidant capacity, immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108921. [PMID: 37385461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus velezensis R-71003 combined with sodium gluconate on antioxidant capacity, immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp. In addition, the biocontrol potential of the secondary metabolites of B. velezensis R-71003 was also evaluated to analyze the possible mechanism of B. velezensis R-71003 against A. hydrophila. The results indicated that the antibacterial crude extract of B. velezensis R-71003 can destroy the cell wall of A. hydrophila. Moreover, the results showed that dietary B. velezensis R-71003 could promote antioxidant capacity, which significantly increased the activities of CAT and SOD and decreased the content of MDA. Additionally, B. velezensis R-71003 supplementation significantly enhanced the immunity of common carp, as measured by the mRNA expression levels of cytokine-related genes (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-10). In addition, dietary B. velezensis R-71003 exhibited an upregulation of IL-10 and a downregulation of IL-1β, coupled with higher survival rates when challenged with A. hydrophila compared to the positive group. Furthermore, compared to prechallenge, the mRNA expression levels of TLR-4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRIF and NF-κB in the head kidney of common carp were significantly increased after challenge. The fish fed the B. velezensis R-71003 diet showed lower expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRIF and NF-κB after the challenge than those fed the control diet. Thus, this study revealed that B. velezensis R-71003 can improve the resistance of common carp to pathogenic bacteria by destroying bacterial cell walls and improving fish immunity by activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Importantly, this study indicated that sodium gluconate has a positive effect on B. velezensis R-71003 in enhancing the anti-infection ability of common carp. The results of this study will lay the foundation for the application of B. velezensis R-71003 in combination with sodium gluconate as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yun
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Meiru Kang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yihao Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hasan I, Rimoldi S, Saroglia G, Terova G. Sustainable Fish Feeds with Insects and Probiotics Positively Affect Freshwater and Marine Fish Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101633. [PMID: 37238063 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing agricultural industry in the world. Fishmeal is an essential component of commercial fish diets, but its long-term sustainability is a concern. Therefore, it is important to find alternatives to fishmeal that have a similar nutritional value and, at the same time, are affordable and readily available. The search for high-quality alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil has interested researchers worldwide. Over the past 20 years, different insect meals have been studied as a potential alternate source of fishmeal in aquafeeds. On the other hand, probiotics-live microbial strains-are being used as dietary supplements and showing beneficial effects on fish growth and health status. Fish gut microbiota plays a significant role in nutrition metabolism, which affects a number of other physiological functions, including fish growth and development, immune regulation, and pathogen resistance. One of the key reasons for studying fish gut microbiota is the possibility to modify microbial communities that inhabit the intestine to benefit host growth and health. The development of DNA sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics tools has made metagenomic analysis a feasible method for researching gut microbes. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current knowledge provided by studies of our research group on using insect meal and probiotic supplements in aquafeed formulations and their effects on different fish gut microbiota. We also highlight future research directions to make insect meals a key source of proteins for sustainable aquaculture and explore the challenges associated with the use of probiotics. Insect meals and probiotics will undoubtedly have a positive effect on the long-term sustainability and profitability of aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Saroglia
- Medical Devices Area, Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare-MeDiTech, Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana, Via La Santa 1, CH-6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zuo Z, Shang B, Liu H, Sun J, Li W, Liu Y, Sun J. Identification and evaluation of potential probiotics against skin-ulceration disease in the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108769. [PMID: 37100310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three highly pathogenic bacterial strains (Vibrio harveyi TB6, Vibrio alginolyticus TN1, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus TN3) were isolated from skin ulcers and intestines of diseased Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The bacteria were investigated using hemolytic activity tests, in vitro co-culture with intestinal epithelial cells, and artificial infection of C. semilaevis. A further 126 strains were isolated from the intestines of healthy C. semilaevis. The three pathogens were used as indicator bacteria, and the antagonistic strains were identified from the 126 strains. The activities of exocrine digestive enzymes in the strains were also tested. Four strains with antibacterial and digestive enzyme activities were obtained and the best strains, Bacillus subtilis Y2 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Y9, were selected according to their ability to protect epithelial cells from infection. In addition, the effects of strains Y2 and Y9 at the individual level were investigated, finding that the activities of the immune-related enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, and peroxidase were significantly increased in the sera of the treatment group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR, %) was also increased, especially in the Y2 group, and was significantly higher compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The result of the artificial infection test showed that the cumulative mortality within 72 h in the Y2 group was the lowest (50.5%), and in the Y9 group (68.5%) it was significantly lower than that in the control group (100%) (p < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal microbial communities indicated that Y2 and Y9 could alter the composition of the intestinal flora, increasing both species richness and evenness, and inhibiting the growth of Vibrio in the intestine. These results suggested food supplemented with Y2 and Y9 could improve both immune function and disease resistance, as well as have a positive effect on the growth performance and the intestinal morphology of C. semilaevis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China
| | - Bijiao Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, RP, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Contente D, Díaz-Rosales P, Feito J, Díaz-Formoso L, Docando F, Simón R, Borrero J, Hernández PE, Poeta P, Muñoz-Atienza E, Cintas LM, Tafalla C. Immunomodulatory effects of bacteriocinogenic and non-bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus cremoris of aquatic origin on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178462. [PMID: 37153602 PMCID: PMC10159052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of bacteria frequently proposed as probiotics in aquaculture, as their administration has shown to confer positive effects on the growth, survival rate to pathogens and immunological status of the fish. In this respect, the production of antimicrobial peptides (referred to as bacteriocins) by LAB is a common trait thoroughly documented, being regarded as a key probiotic antimicrobial strategy. Although some studies have pointed to the direct immunomodulatory effects of these bacteriocins in mammals, this has been largely unexplored in fish. To this aim, in the current study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of bacteriocins, by comparing the effects of a wild type nisin Z-expressing Lactococcus cremoris strain of aquatic origin to those exerted by a non-bacteriocinogenic isogenic mutant and a recombinant nisin Z, garvicin A and Q-producer multi-bacteriocinogenic strain. The transcriptional response elicited by the different strains in the rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) and in splenic leukocytes showed significant differences. Yet the adherence capacity to RTgutGC was similar for all strains. In splenocyte cultures, we also determined the effects of the different strains on the proliferation and survival of IgM+ B cells. Finally, while the different LAB elicited respiratory burst activity similarly, the bacteriocinogenic strains showed an increased ability to induce the production of nitric oxide (NO). The results obtained reveal a superior capacity of the bacteriocinogenic strains to modulate different immune functions, pointing to a direct immunomodulatory role of the bacteriocins, mainly nisin Z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Feito
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Díaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Docando
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Simón
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Borrero
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carolina Tafalla,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Immunomodulatory action of Lactococcuslactis. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:1-9. [PMID: 36428209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods are gaining popularity due to health-promoting properties with high levels of nutrients, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, and probiotic microorganisms. Due to its unique fermentation process, Lactococcus lactis plays a key role in the food business, notably in the manufacturing of dairy products. The superior biological activities of L. lactis in these functional foods include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities. L. lactis boosted growth performance, controlled amino acid profiles, intestinal immunology, and microbiota. Besides that, the administration of L. lactis increased the rate of infection clearance. Innate and acquired immune responses would be upregulated in both local and systemic compartments, resulting in these consequences. L. lactis is often employed in the food sector and is currently being exploited as a delivery vehicle for biological research. These bacteria are being eyed as potential candidates for biotechnological applications. With this in mind, we reviewed the immunomodulatory effects of different L. lactis strains.
Collapse
|
17
|
Enhancement of growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance by probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC-5 against Aeromonas hydrophila in Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 253:110503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Liu S, Luo H, Wang M, Wang Q, Duan L, Han Q, Sun S, Wei C, Jin J. Microbiome analysis reveals the effects of black soldier fly oil on gut microbiota in pigeon. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998524. [PMID: 36160221 PMCID: PMC9495606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a vital roles in poultry physiology, immunity and metabolism. Black soldier fly oil is known to have a positive effect on the gut microbiota. However, the specific effect of black soldier fly oil on the composition and structure of the gut microbiota of the pigeon is unknown. In this experiment, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to study the effect of different doses of black soldier fly oil on the changes of pigeon intestinal microbes. Results indicated that the different doses of black soldier fly oil had no effect on the gut microbial diversity of the pigeon. Although the dominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria) and genus (uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrio) in control group and experimental group with different doses were the same, the abundances of some beneficial bacteria (Megasphaera, Intestinimonas, Prevotella_9, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus_2, Parabacteroides, Megasphaera, Leuconostoc, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Lactococcus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Coprococcus_2) increased significantly as the concentration of black soldier fly oil increased. Taken together, this study indicated that black soldier fly oil supplementation could improve gut microbial composition and structure by increasing the proportions of beneficial bacteria. Notably, this is the first report on the effects of black soldier fly oil on the gut microbiota of pigeon, which contribute to understanding the positive effects of black soldier fly oil from the gut microbial perspective.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang HL, Liu ZY, Jin YM, Liu ZX, Zhang BY, Yuan ZH, Ye JD, Sun YZ. Preventive and reparative functions of host-associated probiotics against soybean meal induced growth, immune suppression and gut injury in Japanese seabass (Lateolabraxjaponicus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:651-663. [PMID: 36028056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to examine the preventive and reparative functions of host-associated probiotics against high soybean meal (SM)-induced negative effects in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Fish continuously fed low SM (containing 16% SM) and high SM (containing 40% SM) diets were named as positive (PC) and negative (C) control, respectively. Preventive functions of probiotics were evaluated by continuously feeding diets LF3 (Lactococcus petauri LF3 supplemented in high SM diet, group PLF3) and LF4 (Bacillus siamensis LF4 supplemented in high SM diet, group PLF4), while reparative functions were estimated by feeding the high SM diet during 0-28 days, then feeding diets LF3 (group RLF3) and LF4 (group RLF4) until day 56. Compared with the group PC, suppressed growth and immunity, and damaged intestinal health were observed in the group C on days 28 and 56. Fish in groups PLF3 and PLF4, rather than in groups RLF3 and RLF4, showed higher growth compared with the group C and displayed similar immune status to the group PC, indicating that the initial and continued application of probiotic LF3 and LF4 can efficiently improve high SM induced growth and immune deficiency in Japanese seabass, but probiotics had limited reparative benefits when they were administrated at the middle of the feeding trial (28 d). Furthermore, probiotics showed good preventive functions and limited reparative functions on gut health via improving intestinal morphology and inflammation markers, for example, decreasing diamine oxidase activity and d-lactate content, while up-regulating anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 expression and down-regulating pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 expressions. Moreover, dietary supplementation of probiotics (especially on day 56) could effectively shape the gut microbiota, such as significantly decreasing abundances of opportunistic pathogens (phylum Actinobacteria, genera Pseudomonas and Moheibacter on day 28, phylum Proteobacteria, genus Plesiomonas on day 56), significantly increasing gut microbial diversity and abundances of possible beneficial bacteria (phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Lactobacillus on day 28, phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria, genera Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides on day 56). In conclusion, we evidenced for the first time that host-associated L. petauri LF3 and B. siamensis LF4 can provide effectively preventive and certain reparative functions against high SM-induced adverse effects in L. japonicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zi-Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - You-Mei Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zi-Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Bi-Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ze-Hui Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ehsannia S, Ahari H, Kakoolaki S, Anvar SA, Yousefi S. Effects of probiotics on Zebrafish model infected with Aeromonas hydrophila: spatial distribution, antimicrobial, and histopathological investigation. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:167. [PMID: 35761217 PMCID: PMC9235220 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Usage of “probiotics” for treatment of food-borne pathogens associated diseases, makes a significant reduction in transmission of resistant bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes from aquaculture environments to humans. In this research, the authors aim to evaluate the immunomodulatory, and histological effects of two probiotic strains on the Zebrafish model. Fish models were treated with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (G2), Lactobacillus acidophilus (G3) and both probiotics (G4) and compared with the control group (G1) (only infected by pathogen and receiving no probiotic). Biometric tests, height, weight, and mortality rate of the fishes were assessed. Afterward, RT-PCR was conducted for bacterial existence of probiotic strains, and quantitative assessment of alterations in targeted immune genes. Subsequently, histological sampling was done for investigation of spatial distribution, and villus length in proximal, middle, and distal sections of intestinal tissues. Based on the results, G4 showed the highest gene expression for Lactobacillus acidophilus after 28 days (P < 0.05). G4 also showed an increase in the number of goblet cells and villus length in the middle and distal sections of intestinal tissue after 56 days. Furthermore, after 56 days, the highest number of intraepithelial cells was observed in the proximal sections of intestinal tissue in G4. G2 and G3 showed significant differences in comparison with G1 (P < 0.05). After 60 days, the highest gene expression for Lactobacillus bulgaricus was found in group treated with only this probiotic bacteria. The highest expression level of IL-1β and TNF-α were found in G1. The highest survival rate was in the case of groups only treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus (G2). To sum up, it seems that usage of probiotics for the improvement of public health and fisheries industries can be helpful.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Lv H, Xu L, Zhang K, Mei Y, Chen J, Wang M, Guan Y, Pang H, Wang Y, Tan Z. The Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) Under Water Temperature Decrease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847167. [PMID: 35509308 PMCID: PMC9058164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature changes have a great impact on fish feeding, intestinal microorganisms, metabolism, and immune function. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective methods to enhance the survival rates and growth of fish under water temperature changes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are promising immunostimulatory feed additive, as demonstrated by their beneficial effects in several fish species. This study investigated the short-term effects of dietary LAB on intestinal microbiota composition and immune responses of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) when water temperature decreased from 30 ± 1°C to 18 ± 1°C. Lactococcus (L.) lactis 1,209 and L. lactis 1,242 with potential probiotics isolated from the intestine of Qinghai naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) were selected as feed additives for the crucian carp feeding experiment. A total of 225 commercially available healthy crucian carp (250 ± 10 g) of similar age were kept in 30°C water for a week and then immediately transferred to 18 ± 1°C water, assigned to three dietary treatments for a 16-day feeding trial randomly: (1) HC, diets without additives (the control group); (2) HT, diets with 106 CFU/ml L. lactis 1,209; and (3) HL, with 106 CFU/ml L. lactis 1,242. Each group was set up with 3 replicates and each with 25 fish. The results showed that the mortality rate of crucian carp in HC, HT, and HL group was 50, 27, and 33%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing results displayed that the composition of the intestinal microorganism varied dynamically in response to different treatments and water temperature decrease. Among them, compared with the HC group, a higher abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and a lower of Actinobacteria appeared in HT and HL. The cytokines heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in crucian carp intestinal tract significantly decreased when water temperature decreased (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoxin Lv
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, Xining, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, Xining, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center, Xining, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huili Pang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongfang Tan,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu ZY, Yang HL, Hu LH, Yang W, Ai CX, Sun YZ. Autochthonous Probiotics Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Dietary Histamine in Juvenile Grouper ( Epinephelus coioides). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:792718. [PMID: 34950122 PMCID: PMC8689058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.792718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High dose (0.3%) of dietary histamine can cause adverse effects on growth performance, innate immunity, and gut health in juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In the present study, three autochthonous probiotics (Bacillus pumilus SE5, Psychrobacter sp. SE6, and Bacillus clausii DE5) were supplemented separately to diets containing 0.3% of histamine and their effects on growth performance, innate immunity, and gut health of grouper (E. coioides) were evaluated in a 56-day feeding trial. The results showed considerable increase in weight gain, specific growth rate, hepatosomatic index, and decreased feed conversion rate in groupers fed with probiotic-supplemented diets. Supplementation of autochthonous probiotics has improved antioxidant capacity and innate immunity of E. coioides by measuring correlative parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde content, and so on. Additionally, dietary probiotics have significantly reduced the levels of serum interleukin-1β (at days 28 and 56), fatty acid-binding protein 2, and intestinal trefoil factor (at day 28), and promoted intestinal integrity following remarkably increased muscle thickness and mucosal fold height at day 56, especially in grouper fed with B. pumilus SE5 containing diet (P < 0.05). On day 56, the gut microbial composition of E. coioides was positively shaped by autochthonous probiotics, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Photobacterium decreased while beneficial Lactobacillus increased in fish fed with probiotic strains, especially with B. pumilus SE5 and B. clausii DE5. These results suggest that among the three autochthonous probiotic strains tested, B. pumilus SE5 is showing better efficiency in alleviating the adverse effects of (high levels) dietary histamine by decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers and by improving the growth, innate immunity, and gut health of juvenile grouper E. coioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling-Hao Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Xiamen Jiakang feed Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Ai
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Screening of New Potential Probiotics Strains against Photobacterium damselae Subsp. piscicida for Marine Aquaculture. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072029. [PMID: 34359157 PMCID: PMC8300301 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On intensive fish farms, 10% of the population dies exclusively from pathogens, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida (Ph. damselae subsp. Piscicida), the bacteria causing pasteurellosis in marine aquaculture, is one of the major pathogens involved. The objective of this study was to obtain new probiotic strains against pasteurellosis in order to limit the use of chemotherapy, avoiding the environmental repercussions generated by the abusive use of these products. In this study, 122 strains were isolated from the gills and intestines of different marine fish species and were later evaluated in vitro to demonstrate the production of antagonistic effects, the production of antibacterial substances, adhesion and growth to mucus, resistance to bile and resistance to pH gradients, as well as its harmlessness and the dynamic of expression of immune-related genes by real-time PCR after administration of the potential probiotic in the fish diet. Only 1/122 strains showed excellent results to be considered as a potential probiotic strain and continue its characterization against Ph. damselae subsp. piscicida to determine its protective effect and elucidating in future studies its use as a possible probiotic strain for marine aquaculture.
Collapse
|
24
|
Evaluation of probiotic properties of Lysinibacillus macroides under in vitro conditions and culture of Cyprinus carpio on growth parameters. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4705-4714. [PMID: 34185117 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio is an important freshwater fish in aquaculture. It was used for the isolation of potential probiotic strain for aquaculture applications. The most dominant strain was isolated on MRS agar from the gastrointestinal (GI) of C. carpio and identified as Lysinibacillus macroides using molecular marker 16S rRNA gene. Various probiotic properties such as acid and bile tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility were analysed under in vitro conditions. Further, formulate pelletized feed using probiotic (L. macroides) in different concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8%). Rearing of C. carpio was carried out 45 days and fed with formulated feed. The highest length (5.14 ± 0.07 cm) and weight (3.56 ± 0.07 g) of C. carpio fingerlings was recorded in the 8% LM probiotic pelletized feed, while in fingerlings fed with control showed lower in the length (3.02 ± 0.13 cm) and the weight (0.92 ± 0.04 g) on the 45th day of the experiment. Both percentage of weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) of C. carpio fingerlings fed with probiotic feed compared to control feed. Hence, the use of probiotic bacteria could be an encouraging alternative feed for future endeavours in the field of aquaculture. In conclusion, L. macroides can serve as probiotic for sustainable, competitive and promising beneficial bacteria to aquaculture industry.
Collapse
|
25
|
The Effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis PTCC 1403 on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes Activity, Antioxidative Status, Immune Response, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1723-1733. [PMID: 34002350 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain PTCC 1403 as a potential probiotic was investigated on the growth, hematobiochemical, immune responses, and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout. A total of 240 fish were distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks representing four groups (× 3 replicates). Each tank was stocked with 20 fish (average initial weight: 11.81 ± 0.32 g) and fed L. lactis subsp. lactis PTCC 1403 at 0 (control, T0), 1 × 109 (T1), 2 × 109 (T2), and 3 × 109 (T3) CFU/g feed for 8 weeks. The results showed enhanced protein efficiency ratio and reduced feed conversion ratio in the fish-fed T2 diet. Further, fish-fed T2 and T3 diets showed a significantly higher survival rate than the control (p < 0.05). Trypsin, lipase, and protease activities were increased in fish-fed L. lactis subsp. lactis PTCC 1403 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Fish fed with a T2 diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower glucose content than other groups. The blood lysozyme activity and IgM showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values in fish-fed T2 and T3 diets than in other groups. The antioxidative responses were increased in fish-fed T2 and T3 diets (p < 0.05). After 7 days post-Y. ruckeri challenge, the cumulative mortality rate showed the lowest value in fish fed with T1 and T2 diets, while the highest value was recorded in the control group. In conclusion, the results revealed beneficial effects of L. lactis subsp. lactis PTCC 1403 on the feed efficiency, immune response, and resistance to Y. ruckeri infection in rainbow trout.
Collapse
|
26
|
Probiotics in Fish Nutrition—Long-Standing Household Remedy or Native Nutraceuticals? WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, aquaculture production increased rapidly. The future development of the industry highly relies on the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The need for improving disease resistance, growth performance, food conversion, and product safety for human consumption has stimulated the application of probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics increase growth and feed conversion, improve health status, raise disease resistance, decrease stress susceptibility, and improve general vigor. Currently, most probiotics still originate from terrestrial sources rather than fish. However, host-associated (autochthonous) probiotics are likely more persistent in the gastrointestinal tract of fish and may, therefore, exhibit longer-lasting effects on the host. Probiotic candidates are commonly screened in in vitro assays, but the transfer to in vivo assessment is often problematic. In conclusion, modulation of the host-associated microbiome by the use of complex probiotics is promising, but a solid understanding of the interactions involved is only in its infancy and requires further research. Probiotics could be used to explore novel ingredients such as chitin-rich insect meal, which cannot be digested by the fish host alone. Most importantly, probiotics offer the opportunity to improve stress and disease resistance, which is among the most pressing problems in aquaculture.
Collapse
|
27
|
Simón R, Docando F, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Tafalla C, Díaz-Rosales P. Mechanisms Used by Probiotics to Confer Pathogen Resistance to Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653025. [PMID: 33986745 PMCID: PMC8110931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics in aquaculture is an attractive bio-friendly method to decrease the impact of infectious diseases, but is still not an extended practice. Although many studies have investigated the systemic and mucosal immunological effects of probiotics, not all of them have established whether they were actually capable of increasing resistance to different types of pathogens, being this the outmost desired goal. In this sense, in the current paper, we have summarized those experiments in which probiotics were shown to provide increased resistance against bacterial, viral or parasitic pathogens. Additionally, we have reviewed what is known for fish probiotics regarding the mechanisms through which they exert positive effects on pathogen resistance, including direct actions on the pathogen, as well as positive effects on the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hasan MT, Jang WJ, Lee BJ, Hur SW, Lim SG, Kim KW, Han HS, Lee EW, Bai SC, Kong IS. Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322 Combinations Enhance Growth and Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1277-1291. [PMID: 33713023 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to identify different ratios of Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322 mixtures at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/g diet; the effects on growth and cellular and humoral immune responses and the characteristics of disease protection in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Flounder were divided into six groups and fed control diet D-1 (without Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322), positive control diets D-2 (Bacillus sp. SJ-10 at 1 × 108 CFU/g feed) and D-3 (L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 1 × 108 CFU/g feed); or treatment diets D-4 (3:1 Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 0.75 + 0.25 × 108 CFU/g feed), D-5 (1:1 Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 0.50 + 0.50 × 108 CFU/g feed), or D-6 (1:3 Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 0.25 + 0.75 × 108 CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks. Group D-4 demonstrated better growth and feed utilization (P < 0.05) compared with the controls and positive controls. Similar modulation was also observed in respiratory burst for all treatments and in the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in different organs in D-4. D-4 and D-5 increased respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activities compared with the controls, and only D-4 increased microvilli length. When challenged with 1 × 108 CFU/mL Streptococcus iniae, the fish in the D-4 and D-5 groups survived up to 14 days, whereas the fish in the other groups reached 100% mortality at 11.50 days. Collectively, a ratio-specific Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 mixture (3:1) was associated with elevated growth, innate immunity, and streptococcosis resistance (3:1 and 1:1) compared with the control and single probiotic diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tawheed Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.,Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Lim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea.,Aquaculture Management Division, NIFS, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Sob Han
- Faculty of Marine Applied Bioscience, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang X, Liu P, Feng J, Su X, Huang M, Chen Y, Zhang J, Li B. Impact of chronic exposure to the ionic liquid ([C8mim][PF6]) on intestinal physical barrier, immunological barrier and gut microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109919. [PMID: 32980010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are commonly known as "green" solvents and have been widely used in various fields. However, the ecotoxicity of ILs in aquatic environment has received considerable attention from scientific researchers. This study investigated the toxic effects of different concentrations of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]) (0, 1.35, 2.70 and 5.40 mg/L) on intestinal physical barrier, immunological barrier, and intestinal microbiome in common carp on days 30 and 60. The results showed that ([C8mim][PF6]) exposure could reduce the intestinal villus height, decrease the mRNA expression of tight junction genes (occludin, claudin-2 and zonula occludens-1), and increase the levels of D-lactic and diamine oxidase, and reduce acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities, complement 3 and 4 contents, and anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β protein level, while increase pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels in common carp. Moreover, ([C8mim][PF6]) exposure was also found to significantly reduce gut microbial diversity and alter microbial community structure in common carp. Collectively, our study highlighted that exposure to ([C8mim][PF6]) could disrupt intestinal physical barrier, impair immunological barrier and alter intestinal microbiome in common carp, suggesting that ILs exert a negative effect on fish intestinal health status and may pose serious health risks in fish. The results of this study may be helpful to illuminate the toxicity mechanisms of the ILs on fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kong Y, Gao C, Du X, Zhao J, Li M, Shan X, Wang G. Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on growth, immune response and disease resistance of snakehead fish (Channa argus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:412-421. [PMID: 32387561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been documented to promoting growth, enhancing immunity and disease resistance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the single or conjoint effects of Lactococcus lactis L19 (Genbank: MT102745.1) and Enterococcus faecalis W24 (Genbank: MT102746.1) isolated from the intestine of Channa argus (C. argus) on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of C. argus. A total of 720 apparently healthy C. argus (9.50 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into four equal groups. Fish were fed with a basal diet (CK) supplemented with L. lactis (L19), E. faecalis (W24), and L. lactis L19 + E. faecalis W24 (L + W) at 1.0 × 108 cfu/g basal diet for 56 days. After feeding, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) had significantly increased (p < 0.05), especially with L19. The results indicated that single or conjoint administration of LAB as potential probiotics can induce high levels of IgM, ACP, AKP, LZM, C3 and C4 activity in serum, which may effectively induce humoral immunity, and L19 induce even higher levels. Meanwhile, when compared to CK group, the results of qPCR showed that LAB administration significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, HSP70, HSP90, TGF-β in the spleen, head kidney, gill, liver and intestine of C. argus. After challenge with Aeromonas veronii, the survival rates in all LAB-fed groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the CK group, and the L19 group showed the highest (63.3%) disease resistance. Our data indicated that L. lactis L19 and E. faecalis W24, as a feed additive at 1.0 × 108 cfu/g feed, could promote growth performance, enhance immune response and disease resistance of C. argus, with greatest effects in fish fed L. lactis L19 for 56 days. Hence, these LAB additives could be used as promising probiotics for C. argus. L19 was more effective than W24 or the mixture of the two for promoting growth performance, enhancing immune response and disease resistance of C. argus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Chunshan Gao
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Feng JC, Cai ZL, Zhang XP, Chen YY, Chang XL, Wang XF, Qin CB, Yan X, Ma X, Zhang JX, Nie GX. The Effects of Oral Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharide Administration on Immune Responses, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Front Immunol 2020; 11:904. [PMID: 32457762 PMCID: PMC7225328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP-1) on the immunoregulatory properties, antioxidant activity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio L. were investigated. The purified RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) was co-cultured with the head kidney cells of the common carp. The proliferation and phagocytosis activities of the head kidney cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Next, 300 common carps (47.66 ± 0.43 g) were randomly divided into five groups; the two control groups (negative and positive) were administered sterile PBS and the three treatment groups were administered different concentrations of RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) for seven days. Subsequently, the positive and treatment groups were infected with A. hydrophila, and the negative group was administered sterile PBS for 24 h. The concentration of NO, cytokines, lysozyme (LZM), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas of the common carp were tested. We observed that RGP-1 could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis activities (P < 0.05), besides inducing the production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) (P < 0.05) in vitro. The in vivo experimental results revealed that RGP-1 significantly enhanced NO production, protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), LZM and AKP activities, and the antioxidant content (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA) compared to that observed in the negative group prior to A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05). NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LZM and AKP activities were significantly lower than that in the positive group after infection (P < 0.05). However, whether infected or not, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) increased significantly in the RGP-1-treated groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that RGP-1 could enhance the non-specific immunity, antioxidant activity and anti-A. hydrophila activity of the common carp, and could be used as a safe and effective feed additive in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Cai
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuan-Pu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Yan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xu-Lu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao-Bin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guo-Xing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo G, Li C, Xia B, Jiang S, Zhou S, Men X, Ren Y. The efficacy of lactic acid bacteria usage in turbot Scophthalmus maximus on intestinal microbiota and expression of the immune related genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:90-97. [PMID: 32145449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics on the growth, immune response and intestinal microbiota of turbot Scophthalmus maximus, in this study, the Leuconostoc mesenteroides HY2 strain screened from wide caught fish was bath administrated for juvenile turbot with no bacteria administrated as control. The mRNA levels of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) in different organs (i.e. intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, brain and skin) were analyzed using RT-PCR technology. The intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, in which principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) as well as cluster analysis was performed. The results showed that the specific growth rate of turbot in the LAB treatment was significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of TLR3, IL-8 and IFIH1 were significantly up-regulated in the organs of LAB treatment, except that IL-8 was slightly down-regulated in kidney. A total of 42 phyla in intestinal microbiota were identified. The composition of intestinal microbiota showed significant differences between LAB treatment and the control group. Shannon index in the LAB treatment was significantly increased while Simpson index significantly declined. The PCoA and cluster analysis exhibited significant differences in the composition and abundance between the two groups. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria acted as biomarkers which may have effects to promote absorption and/or trigger the immune function. In conclusion, the administration of HY2 strain was capable of improving growth performance of turbot by enhancing immune response and optimizing structure and diversity of intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Senhao Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, College of Ocean and Bioengineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xianhui Men
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yichao Ren
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ringø E, Van Doan H, Lee SH, Soltani M, Hoseinifar SH, Harikrishnan R, Song SK. Probiotics, lactic acid bacteria and bacilli: interesting supplementation for aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:116-136. [PMID: 32141152 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics administration in aquafeed is known to increase feed consumption and absorption due to their capacity to release a wide range of digestive enzymes and nutrients which can participate in digestion process and feed utilization, along with the absorption of diet components led to an increase in host's health and well-being. Furthermore, probiotics improve gut maturation, prevention of intestinal disorders, predigestion of antinutrient factors found in the feed ingredients, gut microbiota, disease resistance against pathogens and metabolism. The beneficial immune effects of probiotics are well established in finfish. However, in comparison, similar studies are less abundant in the shellfish. In this review, the discussions will mainly focus on studies reported the last 2 years. In recent studies, native probiotic bacteria were isolated and fed back to their hosts. Although beneficial effects were demonstrated, some studies showed adverse effects when treated with a high concentration. This adverse effect may be due to the imbalance of the gut microbiota caused by the replenished commensal probiotics. Probiotics revealed greatest effect on the shrimp digestive system particularly in the larval and early post-larval stages, and stimulate the production of endogenous enzymes in shrimp and contribute with improved the enzyme activities in the gut, as well as disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S H Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - M Soltani
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S H Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - R Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Tamil Nadu, Kanchipuram, India
| | - S K Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang X, Wang X, Feng J, Su X, Liang J, Li H, Zhang J. Impact of chronic exposure to trichlorfon on intestinal barrier, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and intestinal microbiome in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113846. [PMID: 31887601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is an organic phosphorus pesticide used to control different parasitic infections in aquaculture. The repeated, excessive use of trichlorfon can result in environmental pollution, thus affecting human health. This study aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of trichlorfon (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) on the intestinal barrier, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and intestinal microbiome of common carp. Trichlorfon exposure significantly reduced the height of intestinal villus and decreased the expression levels of tight junction genes, such as claudin-2, occludin and ZO-1, in common carp. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD and GSH-Px, exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing trichlorfon concentrations, while the contents of MDA and ROS elevated in the intestinal tissues of common carp. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly upregulated by trichlorfon exposure. The level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β was remarkably higher in 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon treatment group compared to control group. In addition, the results demonstrated that trichlorfon exposure could affect the microbiota community composition and decreased the community diversity in the gut of common carp. Notably, the proportions of some probiotic bacteria, namely, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia, were observed to be reduced after trichlorfon exposure. In summary, the findings of this study indicate that exposure to different concentrations of trichlorfon can damage intestinal barrier, induce intestinal oxidative damage, trigger inflammatory reaction and alter gut microbiota structure in common carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junping Liang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Feng J, Cai Z, Chen Y, Zhu H, Chang X, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Nie G. Effects of an exopolysaccharide from Lactococcus lactis Z-2 on innate immune response, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio L. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:324-333. [PMID: 31981775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactococcus have been found to have an important role in the probiotic activity of this bacterium; however, the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities have not been fully explored in aquaculture. In the present study, we investigated EPS-2 from Lactococcus lactis Z-2, isolated from healthy common carp, for its immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio L. We found that the molecular weight of EPS-2 was 18.65 KDa. The monosaccharide composition of this polymer was rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar percentage of 13.3%, 14.1%, 18.5%, 27.4%, and 26.7%, respectively. EPS-2 treatment could modulate the immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests showed that EPS-2 could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis activities (P < 0.05) as well as induce the production of nitic oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) (P < 0.05) in head kidney cells. When the fish were gavaged with three different concentrations of EPS-2 (250, 500, 1000 μg/mL) for 7 days and infected with A. hydrophila, different expression patterns of the NO, cytokines, lysozyme (LZM), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the serum and of antioxidants (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px and MDA) in hepatopancreas were observed. Before infection with A. hydrophila, EPS-2 supplementation significantly up-regulated the NO production, protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), LZM and AKP activities, and levels of antioxidant molecules compared to those in the negative (G1) group (P < 0.05), whereas levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines and LZM and AKP activities were significantly lower than those in the positive (G2) group after infection (P < 0.05). However, whether infected or not, the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) were significantly increased in the EPS-2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that EPS-2 has immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects on common carp, both in vitro and/or in vivo, and can be applied as a common carp feed supplement to enhance fish immunity and disease resistance against A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, PR China.
| | - Zhongliang Cai
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Haoyong Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|