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Sun S, Bian C, Zhou N, Shen Z, Yu M. Dietary Astragalus polysaccharides improve the growth and innate immune response of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Insights from the brain-gut axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125158. [PMID: 37276896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) has beneficial effects on aquatic animals. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of APS on the growth, innate immune response, and brain-gut axis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The molecular weight and the monosaccharide composition of APS were analyzed. APS were added at concentration of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 % in practical diets. Growth performance increased significantly under 0.05 to 0.20 % APS, with enhanced lipase and protease activities in intestinal tissues. Prawns receiving APS supplementation had significantly lower amounts of pathogenic intestinal bacteria (Vibrio and Aeromonas) and a markedly different microbial community structure compared with those of the control group. The fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid contents increased in the brains of prawns receiving APS, which was potentially associated with increased Lactobacillus and Bacillus levels. Prawns receiving APS supplementation displayed a significantly enhanced immune function (such as total hemocyte count, total protein concentration, phenoloxidase activity, serum agglutination titer, and lysozyme activity) and improved disease resistance to Vibrio anguillarum compared those in the control group. Thus, dietary APS positively affected the gut-brain axis by altering the microbiota composition, increasing the fecal SCFA content, and enhancing prawn immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Zhixin Shen
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Hainan Huixin Breeding Co., Ltd., Haikou 571126, China
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Elabd H, Faggio C, Mahboub HH, Emam MA, Kamel S, El Kammar R, Abdelnaeim NS, Shaheen A, Tresnakova N, Matter A. Mucuna pruriens seeds extract boosts growth, immunity, testicular histology, and expression of immune-related genes of mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:672-680. [PMID: 35817363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have received increased attention in sustainable aquaculture. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the dietary effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed extract on growth performance, immune status, hepatic function, biochemical profiles, gonadal histology, and expression of immune-related genes in mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were allocated into four groups and received MP at rates of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 g/kg diet, respectively, for 90 days. The results revealed that MP significantly (P<0.05) modulated growth performance (specific growth rate, final length, and length gain rate, body mass gain, and feed conversion ratio), lysozyme activity, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT). However, a non-significant effect on nitric oxide (NO) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels was detected, whereas the dietary inclusion of MP had a hypoglycemic effect. In terms of plasma globulin, albumin, globulin/albumin ratio, and cortisol, the MP receiving groups showed insignificant difference (P<0.05) when compared to controls, except for the 2 g MP-supplemented group. The lower inclusion concentration of MP (2 g/kg diet) demonstrated the best result (P < 0.05) for gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma testosterone level that was consistent with the histological findings reflecting an improvement in the testicular development compared with the control group. Expressions of complement component (C5) and interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) genes were significantly up-regulated in MP receiving groups. In conclusion, M. pruriens can be used as a safe natural economic feed additive and a low inclusion level of 2 g/kg diet is recommended to improve growth, enhance immunity, maintain liver functioning, improve testicular development, and to modulate immune-related genes in the mono-sex O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Elabd
- Department of Aquatic Animals' Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S, Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | | | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Reda El Kammar
- Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Noha S Abdelnaeim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Adel Shaheen
- Department of Aquatic Animals' Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Nikola Tresnakova
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, The University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Aya Matter
- Department of Aquatic Animals' Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
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Yu W, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Huang X, Huang Z, Li T, Wu Q, Zhou C, Ma Z, Lin H. Effects of dietary Astragalus polysaccharides on growth, health and resistance to Vibrio harveyi of Lates calcarifer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:850-858. [PMID: 35364191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) supplementation can makes beneficial effects to fish. However, the adverse effects of APS to fish remains poorly understood. In the present study, Asian seabass Lates calcarifer were studied to assess the influence of different doses of APS on growth, health and resistance to Vibrio harveyi. Results showed that supplemental APS with 0.10 to 0.20% significantly boosted the growth performance, the protease and lipase activities of L. calcarifer. Compared with control diet, the villus length of L. calcarifer fed with APS supplemented diets was significantly higher. L. calcarifer fed with APS supplementation diets also significantly facilitated the antioxidant capacity and immune function. Meanwhile, supplemental APS with 0.10 to 0.15% significantly promoted liver health by up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, survival rate of L. calcarifer challenged with V. harveyi was higher in diets supplemented with APS compared to the control. However, 0.20% APS significantly hindered the growth performance and caused immunostimulatory fatigue in L. calcarifer compared to 0.10% APS. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that supplementation APS with 0.10% is the optimal level for promoting the growth performance, health and resistance to V. harveyi of L. calcarifer, while 0.20% APS exerts adverse effects on L. calcarifer. Our findings provide novel recommendations for the application of APS supplementation in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yukai Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| | - Qiaer Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Chuanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, PR China.
| | - Heizhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China.
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Mohammadi G, Hafezieh M, Karimi AA, Azra MN, Van Doan H, Tapingkae W, Abdelrahman HA, Dawood MAO. The synergistic effects of plant polysaccharide and Pediococcus acidilactici as a synbiotic additive on growth, antioxidant status, immune response, and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:304-313. [PMID: 34838702 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia upon pistachio hulls derived polysaccharide (PHDP) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) separately or as synbiotic. Fish received four types of diets: T1, control; T2, PHDP (0.1%); T3, PA (0.2%); T4, PHDP (0.1%) +PA (0.2%) for 56 days. The results showed that final weight and weight gain were markedly higher in fish fed T4 diet than that given T1 and T2 diets (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a significantly greater specific growth rate was obtained by the T4 diet compared to the control. Fish survival was significantly improved in all supplemented diets compared to the control. On the other hand, the activities of lipase, protease, and amylase showed significant increases in the T4 group compared with other feeding groups. The total leucocytes and lymphocytes proportion significantly elevated in T3 and T4 than remaining groups (P ≤ 0.05). Further, fish fed T3 diet presented significantly higher serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity (LYZ), alternative complement activity (ACH50), and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to fish fed T1 and T2 diets, while the mentioned indices were found significantly highest in T4 group than others. Fish received T3 and T4 diets had higher skin mucus LYZ and ACH50 than those fed T1 and T2 diets (P ≤ 0.05). The malondialdehyde levels were significantly declined in T3 and T4 when compared to the control. Fish fed T3 and T4 diets demonstrated significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities compared to the control. The intestinal propionic acid significantly increased by T2 and T4 diets, while the highest levels of acetic acid detected in fish given T4 diet. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were significantly affected by T3 and T4 supplements. The efficacy of T4 diet against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was documented by a significantly lower mortality rate. In conclusion, the combination of PHDP and PA presented promising results as a synbiotic feed additive for Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hafezieh
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Karimi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute for Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang E, Chen X, Liu T, Wang K. Effect of dietary Ficus carica polysaccharides on the growth performance, innate immune response and survival of crucian carp against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:434-440. [PMID: 34922019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ficus carica polysaccharides (FCPS), one of the most effective and important compo-nents in Ficus carica L., had been considered to be a beneficial immunostimulant and may be used in immunotherapy for animals and human. However, studies were little about the effect of FCPS used as immunomodulatory and the suitable dosage in fish. The present study investigated the effect of four different dietary levels of FCPS (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%) on the growth performance, innate immune responses and survival of crucian carp against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The results showed that compared with control group, dietary FCPS had positive effects the growth performance (final weight, feed conversion ratio and survival rate) of crucian carp. FCPS induced significant higher (p < 0.05) leukocyte phagocytosis activity, serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, com-plement C3, SOD activity and total protein level in the serum of crucian carp. Moreover, innate immune response of fish in FCPS groups increased first and then decreased with increasing dietary FCPS from 0.1% to 0.8%, and reached up to the peak in 0.4% dietary FCPS groups. Besides, the cumulative mortalities in FCPS groups were remarkably lower than that of control group when challenged with A. hydrophila, the relative percent survivals were 22.67%, 55.56%, 62.22% and 17.78% in 0.1% group, 0.2% group, 0.4% group and 0.8% group, respectively. These results suggested that dietary FCPS could improve the growth performance, innate immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in fish, and the suitable dietary dose of FCPS was 0.4% in crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Han Y, Yu C, Yu Y. Astragalus polysaccharide alleviates alveolar bone destruction by regulating local osteoclastogenesis during periodontitis. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:97-104. [PMID: 34907709 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory imbalance of bone formation/resorption leads to alveolar bone destruction. Astragalus polysaccharide has been confirmed to have anti-inflammatory effects. We sought to disclose the protective effect and its potential mechanisms of astragalus polysaccharide in the periodontitis model. Experimental periodontitis was induced by cotton ligatures for this study. We measured the alveolar bone damage rate, periodontal osteoclasts, proportion of CD4+Foxp3+, CD4+IL-10+, CD4+TGF-β+ subsets in the gingiva, and RANKL, OPG, TGF-β+, and IL-10+ level in the gingiva. We also cultured osteoclast precursor cells in the presence of RANKL and astragalus polysaccharide. Osteoclasto-like cells were identified by TRAP staining, mRNA of RANK, TRAP, and TRAF6 were evaluated by real time PCR. We found that astragalus polysaccharide caused significant protection of the alveolar bone via reducing local osteoclasts. It also decreased the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ cells and upregulated the level of CD4+IL-10+ cells, reduced RANKL, and remedied IL-10 levels. In cell culture experiments, astragalus polysaccharide prohibited the RANKL mediated osteoclast differentiation. The findings of this study disclose the functions and possible mechanisms of astragalus polysaccharide engaged in local osteoclastogenesis, and reveal the considerable effect of astragalus polysaccharide in alveolar bone homeostasis and its likely contribution to host immuno-regulation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Department of Stomatology, Jilin, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Department of Stomatology, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Department of Stomatology, Jilin, China
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Figueiredo F, Kristoffersen H, Bhat S, Zhang Z, Godfroid J, Peruzzi S, Præbel K, Dalmo RA, Xu X. Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:980. [PMID: 34681079 PMCID: PMC8533105 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Disease resistance of fish larvae may be improved by bath treatment in water containing immunostimulants. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR3, TLR7, and MDA5, work as an "early warning" to induce intracellular signaling and facilitate an antiviral response. A single bath of newly hatched larvae, with Astragalus, upregulated the expression of IFNα, IFNc, ISG15, MDA5, PKR, STAT1, TLR3, and TLR7 immune genes, on day 4 post treatment. Similar patterns were observed for Hyaluronic acid and Poly I:C. Increased expression was observed for ISG15, MDA5, MX, STAT1, TLR3, TLR7, and RSAD2, on day 9 for Imiquimod. Metabolic gene expression was stimulated on day 1 after immunostimulant bath in ULK1, MYC, SLC2A1, HIF1A, MTOR, and SIX1, in Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, and Imiquimod. Expression of NOS2 in Poly I:C was an average fourfold above that of control at the same timepoint. Throughout the remaining sampling days (2, 4, 9, 16, 32, and 45 days post immunostimulant bath), NOS2 and IL1B were consistently overexpressed. In conclusion, the immunostimulants induced antiviral gene responses, indicating that a single bath at an early life stage could enable a more robust antiviral defense in fish. Additionally, it was demonstrated, based on gene expression data, that cell metabolism was perturbed, where several metabolic genes were co-regulated with innate antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Figueiredo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Harald Kristoffersen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Shripathi Bhat
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Zuobing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Peruzzi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
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Lee SB, Lee JS, Moon SO, Lee HD, Yoon YS, Son CG. A standardized herbal combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Paeonia japonica, protects against muscle atrophy in a C26 colon cancer cachexia mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113470. [PMID: 33068652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) and Bunge and Paeonia japonica (Makino)Miyabe & H.Takeda have been traditionally used to improve the poor quality of life such as weakness, lack of appetite, fatigue, and malaise which is considered with cachexia condition. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated anti-cachectic effects of a herbal formula composed of Astragalus membranaceus and Paeonia japonica (APX) and the molecular mechanisms of APX in C26 cancer-induced cachexia mice and TNF-a-treated C2C12 myotubes. Additionally synergistic anti-cachectic effects of APX were compared to those of individual herbal extracts and megestrol acetate. METHODS AND MATERIALS The forty-two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal (nontreatment), control (C26 injection), AM (C26 injection with Astragalus membranaceus), PJ (C26 injection with Paeonia japonica), APX (C26 injection with combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Paeonia japonica and MA (C26 injection with megestrol acetate). All mice were orally administered DW (normal and control groups) or 100 mg/kg AM, PJ, APX or MA for 10 days. In the animal model, several tissues were weighed, and muscle tissue and blood were used to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines. C2C12 myotubes were exposed to 100 ng/mL TNF- α with or without 10 μg/mL of AM, PJ, APX or MA for 48 h. The cells were used to immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses. RESULTS C26 injection induced notable body and muscle weight loss while APX administration significantly attenuated these alterations and the decrease of muscle weights and strength. APX also significantly attenuated the abnormal elevations in the concentration of three muscle atrophy-inducible cytokines; serum and muscle TNF-α,muscle TWEAK and IL-6 in C26 tumor-bearing mice. In the TNF-α-treated C2C12 myotube model, TNF-α treatment notably decreased MyH but activated atrophic proteins (MuRF and Fbx32) along with p38 and NFκB while these molecular alterations were significantly ameliorated by APX treatment. These pharmacological actions of APX were supported by the results of immunofluorescence staining to MyH expression and the translocation of NFκB into the nucleus in C2C12 myotubes. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate the potential of an herbal formula, APX as an anti-cachexia agent; the effect of APX was superior to that of megestrol acetate overall especially for muscle atrophy. The underlying mechanisms of this herbal formula may involve the modulation of muscle atrophy-promoting molecules including p38, NFκB, TNF-α and TWEAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bae Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ok Moon
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan-si, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Dong Lee
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan-si, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Sik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, ChungAng University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.
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Abdelghany MF, El-Sawy HB, Abd El-Hameed SAA, Khames MK, Abdel-Latif HMR, Naiel MAE. Effects of dietary Nannochloropsis oculata on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune responses, and resistance against Aeromonas veronii challenge in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:277-288. [PMID: 33059008 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current work was planned to assess the effects of dietary microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata (NP) on the growth indices, serum biochemistry, non-specific immunity, and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles against challenge with pathogenic Aeromonas veronii. Fish (10.21 ± 0.28 g) were randomly divided into four treatments in triplicates and were fed on diets supplemented with different levels of NP (0, 5, 10, and 15%) for eight weeks. The results showed that the dietary 5% NP significantly improved the growth parameters (final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and total feed intake) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in NP-supplemented groups with respect to the control group. The serum protein profile (total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio) was significantly decreased by 15% NP supplemented group. Meanwhile, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase) activities were not significantly affected by NP dietary supplementation (P < 0.05). Serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide (NO), and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) levels were significantly enhanced only in 5% NP supplemented group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues had apparently normal histomorphology of Nile tilapia fed at 5% NP-supplemented diets. Significant upregulation of cytokines [interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], with significant downregulation of the antioxidant gene [superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in 10% and 15% NP supplemented groups. Attractively, the relative level of protection (RLP) against challenge with pathogenic A. veronii was significantly elevated in 10% and 15% NP supplemented groups. Conclusively, the obtained results reflect the beneficial roles of dietary NP to improve growth and boost the immune responses of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Abdelghany
- Department of Animal Production, Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Hanan B El-Sawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samah A A Abd El-Hameed
- Fish Health and Management Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, 44661, Abu-Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Khames
- Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, 44661, Abu-Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Behera province, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Poolsawat L, Yu Y, Li X, Zhen X, Yao W, Wang P, Luo C, Leng X. Efficacy of phytogenic extracts on growth performance and health of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Zhang HP, Chen MY, Xu YX, Xu GY, Chen JR, Wang YM, Kang YH, Shan XF, Kong LC, Ma HX. An effective live attenuated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:269-278. [PMID: 32439515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a major pathogenic bacterium in humans and animals. When it causes outbreaks, there are enormous economic losses to the aquaculture industry. An effective live attenuated vaccine strain, ΔhisJ, was obtained in our previous studies by gene knockout in Aeromonas veronii TH0426 using the suicide vector pRE112. Here, we evaluated whether the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ was suitable for prevention of Aeromonas veronii infection by injection and immersion in loaches. Compared with that of the TH0426 wild-type strain, the virulence of the live vaccine was significantly weakened. Vaccine safety assessment results also indicated that 1 × 107 CFU/mL live vaccine was safe and did not induce clinical symptoms or obvious pathological changes. Additionally, after challenging loaches with Aeromonas veronii TH0426, the relative percent survival of the IN3 injection group was 65.66%, and that of the IM group was 50.78%. Our data show that the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ can improve the immune protection rate of loaches. Furthermore, increased enzyme activity parameters (SOD, LZM, ACP, and AKP) in the skin mucus, increased enzyme activity parameters (SOD, LZM, ACP, AKP, and GPx) in the serum, increased specific IgM antibodies and cytokine IL-1β contents in the serum, and increased cytokine (IL-15, pIgR, IL-1β, and TNF-α) expression in the liver and spleen were observed. These data are the first to indicate that the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ is suitable for the development of a safe and effective vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in loach aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Meng-Yao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guan-Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing-Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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