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Zhang BY, Nie QJ, Xu JM, Cai GH, Ye JD, Jin T, Yang HL, Sun YZ. Preventive and reparative potentials of heat-inactivated and viable commensal Bacillus pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse impacts of high soybean meal in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109846. [PMID: 39168291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5, heat-inactivated (HSE5) or active (ASE5), were supplemented to high soybean meal (HSM) (36 %) diet at whole term (0-56 days) and middle term (29-56 days) to investigate the preventing and repairing effects of B. pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse effects of HSM in Epinephelus coioides. The results suggested that the HSM significantly decreased the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) at day 56 (P < 0.05), while HSE5 and ASE5 promoted the growth performance. The HSE5 and ASE5 showed preventive and reparative functions on the antioxidant capacity and serum immunity, with significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increased acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement 3 (C3). The HSM impaired the intestinal health (destroyed the intestinal structure, significantly increased the contents of serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase, and reduced the expressions of claudin-3 and occludin), while HSE5 and ASE5 improved them at whole term and middle term. The HSM impaired the intestinal microbiota and reduced its diversity, and the HSE5 or ASE5 improved the intestinal microbiota (especially at whole term). HSE5 and ASE5 improved the intestinal mRNA expressions of anti-inflammatory genes (il-10 and tgf-β1) and reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (il-1β, il-8, il-12), and promoted the expressions of humoral immune factor-related genes (cd4, igm, mhcII-α) and antimicrobial peptide genes (β-defensin, epinecidin-1 and hepcidin-1), and decreased the expressions of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway-related genes (ikk-α, nf-κb, erk-1), and improved the expressions of MAPK signaling pathway-related gene p38-α (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the heat-inactivated and active B. pumilus SE5 effectively prevented and repaired the suppressive effects of soybean meal in E. coioides, which underscored the potential of B. pumilus SE5 as a nutritional intervention agent in HSM diet in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qing-Jie Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jian-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Xiamen Canco Bioengineering Co., LTD, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Xu Z, Amakye WK, Ren Z, Xu Y, Liu W, Gong C, Wong C, Gao L, Zhao Z, Wang M, Yan T, Ye Z, Zhong J, Hou C, Zhao M, Qiu C, Tan J, Xu X, Liu G, Yao M, Ren J. Soy Peptide Supplementation Mitigates Undernutrition through Reprogramming Hepatic Metabolism in a Novel Undernourished Non-Human Primate Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306890. [PMID: 38816931 PMCID: PMC11304262 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In spite of recent advances in the field of undernutrition, current dietary therapy relying on the supply of high protein high calorie formulas is still plagued with transient recovery of impaired organs resulting in significant relapse of cases. This is partly attributed to the inadequacy of current research models in recapitulating clinical undernutrition for mechanistic exploration. Using 1636 Macaca fascicularis monkeys, a human-relevant criterion for determining undernutrition weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), with a cutoff point of ≤ -1.83 is established as the benchmark for identifying undernourished nonhuman primates (U-NHPs). In U-NHPs, pathological anomalies in multi-organs are revealed. In particular, severe dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism characterized by impaired fatty acid oxidation due to mitochondria dysfunction, but unlikely peroxisome disorder, is identified as the anchor metabolic aberration in U-NHPs. Mitochondria dysfunction is typified by reduced mito-number, accumulated long-chain fatty acids, and disruption of OXPHOS complexes. Soy peptide-treated U-NHPs increase in WAZ scores, in addition to attenuated mitochondria dysfunction and restored OXPHOS complex levels. Herein, innovative criteria for identifying U-NHPs are developed, and unknown molecular mechanisms of undernutrition are revealed hitherto, and it is further proved that soypeptide supplementation reprogramed mitochondrial function to re-establish lipid metabolism balance and mitigated undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xu
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Zhengyu Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou510182China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS)University of MacauMacau999078China
| | - Yongzhao Xu
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
- Huazhen Laboratory Animal Breeding CenterGuangzhou510900China
| | - Congcong Gong
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Chiwai Wong
- Huazhen Laboratory Animal Breeding CenterGuangzhou510900China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Zikuan Zhao
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou510182China
| | - Jun Zhong
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Chuanli Hou
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Life ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410013P. R. China
| | - Can Qiu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Life ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410013P. R. China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Life ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410013P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China
| | - Maojin Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou510182China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
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Liu ZY, Yang HL, Cai GH, Li S, Ye JD, Zhang CX, Sun YZ. LTA and PGN from Bacillus siamensis can alleviate soybean meal-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in Lateolabrax maculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109618. [PMID: 38729251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
An eight-week feeding trial was designed to assess which component of commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 can mitigate SBM-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) based on TLRs-MAPKs/NF-кB signaling pathways. Fish continuously fed low SBM (containing 16 % SBM) and high SBM (containing 40 % SBM) diets were used as positive (FM group) and negative (SBM group) control, respectively. After feeding high SBM diet for 28 days, fish were supplemented with B. siamensis LF4-derived whole cell wall (CW), cell wall protein (CWP), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or peptidoglycan (PGN) until 56 days. The results showed that a high inclusion of SBM in the diet caused enteritis, characterized with significantly (P < 0.05) decreased muscular thickness, villus height, villus width, atrophied and loosely arranged microvillus. Moreover, high SBM inclusion induced an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a down-regulation of occludin, E-cadherin, anti-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis related genes and antimicrobial peptides. However, dietary supplementation with CW, LTA, and PGN of B. siamensis LF4 could effectively alleviate enteritis caused by a high level of dietary SBM. Additionally, CWP and PGN administration increased beneficial Cetobacterium and decreased pathogenic Plesiomonas and Brevinema, while dietary LTA decreased Plesiomonas and Brevinema, suggesting that CWP, LTA and PGN positively modulated intestinal microbiota in spotted seabass. Furthermore, CW, LTA, and PGN application significantly stimulated TLR2, TLR5 and MyD88 expressions, and inhibited the downstream p38 and NF-κB signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that LTA and PGN from B. siamensis LF4 could alleviate soybean meal-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in L. maculatus, and p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways might be involved in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Zhou QM, Zheng L. Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cells-susceptibility genes, intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8111-8125. [PMID: 38130785 PMCID: PMC10731169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i34.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people. Paneth cells (PCs) play a central role in IBD pathogenesis, especially in Crohn's disease development, and their morphology, number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes. In the intestine, PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine. This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes, PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Deng J, Xie S. The effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) combination with soy saponin dietary supplementation on the growth parameters, intestinal performance and immune-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109033. [PMID: 37640123 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Soy saponins are generally known to have negative effects on growth and the intestines of aquatic animals, and appropriate levels of sodium butyrate (NaB) may provide some mitigating effects. We investigated the effects of low and high levels of soy saponin and the protective effects of NaB (based on high level of soy saponin) on growth, serum cytokines, distal intestinal histopathology, and inflammation in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The experiment included four groups: fishmeal group (FM, 0.00% saponin and 0.00% NaB), low saponin group (SL, 0.30% saponin and 0.00% NaB), high saponin group (SH, 1.50% saponin and 0.00% NaB) and high saponin with NaB group (SH-NaB, 1.50% saponin and 0.13% NaB). The results showed compared to FM, the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were significantly higher and lower in SL and SH, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to SH, the FBW and WG were significant higher in SH-NaB (P < 0.05). In the serum, compared to FM, the interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in SH were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared to SH, the IFN-γ level was significantly decreased in SH-NaB (P < 0.05). In the distal intestine, based on Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) observation, the goblet cell/μm was significantly increased and decreased in the SL and SH, respectively, compared to FM. The intestinal diameter/plica height ratio in the SH was significantly higher than those in the FM, SL and SH-NaB (P < 0.05). The NO and ONOO- levels in the SH were significantly higher than that in FM and SL (P < 0.05). At the transcriptional level in the distal intestine, compared to FM, the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnfα), il1β, interleukin-8 (il8) and ifnγ were significantly up-regulated in the SH (P < 0.05). Compared to the SH, tnfα, il8 and ifnγ were significantly down-regulated in the SH-NaB (P < 0.05). Compared to the FM, the mRNA levels of claudin3, claudin15, zo2 and zo3 were significantly up-regulated in the SL (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of occludin, claudin3, claudin12, claudin15, zo1, zo2 and zo3 were significantly down-regulated in the SH compared to the FM (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the SH, the mRNA levels of occludin, claudin3, claudin12, claudin15, zo1, zo2 and zo3 were significantly up-regulated in the SH-NaB (P < 0.05). After the 7-day Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge test, the survival was significantly higher and lower in the SL and SH, respectively, compared to FM (P < 0.05). Overall, low and high levels of soy saponins had positive and negative effects on growth, disease resistance, serum cytokines, and distal intestinal development and anti-inflammation, respectively, in hybrid grouper. NaB effectively increased disease resistance and improved distal intestinal inflammation in hybrid grouper, but the effects of NaB were mainly observed in improving distal intestinal tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610093, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
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Zhao J, Yang X, Qiu Z, Zhang R, Xu H, Wang T. Effects of tributyrin and alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on intestinal health of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) fed with high soybean meal diet. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140678. [PMID: 37266423 PMCID: PMC10230952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin (TB) and alanyl-glutamine (AGn) on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with high-level soybean meal (SM) diet, six isonitrogenous (41.36%) and isolipidic (10.25%) diets were formulated and fed to largemouth bass (initial body weight 25.5 ± 0.5g) for 8 weeks. The two control diets contained 34.8% peanut meal (PM) and 41.3% SM, while the other four experimental diets supplemented TB at 0.1% (TB0.1), 0.2% (TB0.2) and AGn at 1% (AGn1), 2% (AGn2) in SM, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain, survival rate, and hepatosomatic index among all groups (P>0.05), while feed coefficient rate in AGn1, AGn2 and TB0.2 groups was significantly lower than that in SM group (P< 0.05). Compared with the PM group, the intestinal inflammation of largemouth bass in SM group were obvious, accompanied by the damage of intestinal structure, the decrease of digestive enzyme activity, and the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Compared with the SM group, the activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase and foregut amylase in TB and AGn groups increased significantly (P<0.05), and the gene expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were down-regulated, while the gene expression levels of target of rapamycin (TOR) and eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP) were up-regulated in all experimental groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that supplementation of 1%-2% AGn and 0.1%-0.2% TB can alleviate enteritis caused by high-level soybean meal, and the recommend level is 2% AGn and 0.2% TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng Qiu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou, China
| | - Rongfei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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7
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Deng H, Zhang J, Yang Q, Dong X, Zhang S, Liang W, Tan B, Chi S. Effects of Dietary Steroid Saponins on Growth Performance, Serum and Liver Glucose, Lipid Metabolism and Immune Molecules of Hybrid Groupers (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatu) Fed High-Lipid Diets. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020305. [PMID: 36837925 PMCID: PMC9966350 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-lipid diets are attributed to excessive lipid deposition and metabolic disturbances in fish. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of steroidal saponins on growth performance, immune molecules and metabolism of glucose and lipids in hybrid groupers (initial weight 22.71 ± 0.12 g) fed high-lipid diets. steroidal saponins (0%, 0.1% and 0.2%) were added to the basal diet (crude lipid, 14%) to produce three experimental diets, designated S0, S0.1 and S0.2, respectively. After an 8-week feeding trial, no significant differences were found between the S0 and S0.1 groups in percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein deposition rate (p > 0.05). All those in the S0.2 group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared to the S0 group, fish in the S0.1 group had lower contents of serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose (p < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde contents were significantly lower in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group (p < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol and glycogen were significantly lower in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group (p < 0.05). Activities of lipoprotein lipase, total lipase, glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and gene expression of lipoprotein lipase, triglyceride lipase and glucokinase, were significantly higher in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group. Interleukin-10 mRNA expression in the S0.1 group was significantly higher than that in the S0 group, while the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α genes were significantly lower than those in the S0 group. In summary, adding 0.1% steroidal saponins to a high-lipid diet not only promoted lipolysis in fish livers, but also activated glycolysis pathways, thus enhancing the utilization of the dietary energy of the groupers, as well as supporting the fish's nonspecial immune-defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Weixing Liang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
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Luo Q, Qian R, Qiu Z, Yamamoto FY, Du Y, Lin X, Zhao J, Xu Q. Dietary α-ketoglutarate alleviates glycinin and β-conglycinin induced damage in the intestine of mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140012. [PMID: 37187750 PMCID: PMC10179059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the glycinin and β-conglycinin induced intestinal damage and α-ketoglutarate alleviating the damage of glycinin and β-conglycinin in intestine. Carp were randomly divided into six dietary groups: containing fish meal (FM) as the protein source, soybean meal (SM), glycinin (FMG), β-conglycinin (FMc), glycinin+1.0% α-ketoglutarate (AKG) (FMGA), β-conglycinin+1.0% AKG (FMcA). The intestines were collected on 7th, and the hepatopancreas and intestines were collected on 56th. Fish treated with SM and FMc displayed reduced weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency. On 56th day, Fish fed on SM, FMG and FMc presented lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. FMGA and FMcA had higher SOD activity than those fed on the FMG and FMc, respectively. In intestine, fish fed on the SM diets collected on 7th presented upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1), AMP-activated protein kinase beta (AMPKβ), AMPKγ, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Fish fed FMG presented upregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), caspase9, and AMPKγ, while downregulated the expression of claudin7 and AMPKα. FMc group presented upregulated expression of TGFβ1, caspase3, caspase8, and ACC. Fish fed FMGA showed upregulated expression of TGFβ1, claudin3c, claudin7, while downregulating the expression of TNF-α and AMPKγ when compared to fish fed FMG diet. FMcA upregulated the expression of TGFβ1, claudin3c than fed on the FMc. In intestine, the villus height and mucosal thickness of the proximal intestine (PI) and the distal intestine (DI) were decreased and crypt depth of the PI and mid intestine (MI) were increased in SM, FMG and FMc. In addition, fish fed on SM, FMG and FMc presented lower citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC) Na+/K+-ATPase activity in DI. FMGA had higher CS, ICD, α-KGDHC, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in PI and MI than those fed on the FMG. FMcA had higher Na+/K+-ATPase activity in MI. In conclusion, dietary soybean meal destroys the intestine's health, the adverse effects are related to the presence of β-conglycinin and glycinin, especially glycinin. AKG may regulate intestinal energy via tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby alleviating the damage intestinal morphology caused by the dietary soybean antigen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohua Luo
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Rendong Qian
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng Qiu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Fernando Y. Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Yingying Du
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiyou Xu,
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Wang Y, Jia X, Guo Z, Li L, Liu T, Zhang P, Liu H. Effect of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient absorption, morphology, microbiota, and immune response in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1093567. [PMID: 36618377 PMCID: PMC9816404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is widely applied in the aquafeeds due to the limitation of fish meal resources. Numerous studies have manifested that dietary soybean saponin, an anti-nutrient factor in soybean meal, may slow growth and induce intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals, but the possible causes are unclear. The juvenile Pelodiscus sinensis (mean initial body weight: 6.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed basal diet (CON group) and 2.46% soybean saponin Bb-supplemented diet (SAP group) for 35 days to further explore the effects of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients, intestinal morphology, the gut microbiota, intestinal transporters/channels, and immune-related gene expression. The results indicated that dietary soybean saponin Bb significantly decreased final body weight, specific growth rate, protein deposition ratio, and apparent digestibility coefficients (dry matter, crude protein, and crude lipid) of nutrients in Pelodiscus sinensis, which may be closely correlated with markedly atrophic villus height and increased lamina propria width in the small intestine. In addition, plasma contents of cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, lysozyme, and C3 were significantly decreased in the SAP group compared with the control group. Soybean saponin Bb significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2, fatty acid binding protein 1 and fatty acid binding protein 2, amino acid transporter 2, b0,+-type amino acid transporter 1, and sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b in the small intestine. At the same time, the expressions of key transcription factors (STAT1, TBX21, FOS), chemokines (CCL3), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8), and aquaporins (AQP3, AQP6) in the inflammatory response were increased by soybean saponin Bb in the large intestine of a turtle. Additionally, dietary supplementation of SAP significantly reduced the generic abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus) and harmful bacteria (Helicobacter and Bacteroides). In a nutshell, dietary supplementation of 2.46% soybean saponin not only hindered the growth performance by negatively affecting the macronutrients absorption in the small intestine but also induced an inflammatory response in the large intestine possibly by damaging the intestinal morphology, disturbing the intestinal microbiota and decreasing intestinal epithelial cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixue Guo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
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Zhang W, Pang A, Tan B, Xin Y, Liu Y, Xie R, Zhang H, Yang Q, Deng J, Chi S. Tryptophan metabolism and gut flora profile in different soybean protein induced enteritis of pearl gentian groupers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1014502. [PMID: 36601073 PMCID: PMC9807032 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution of high-level soy meals for fish meal (FM) generally leads to fish enteritis, accompanied by significant variations in gut flora. Relevant studies have pointed out a close relationship between tryptophan metabolism mediated by gut flora and vertebrate inflammatory bowel disease. Present study examines the role of tryptophan metabolism and gut flora profile in fish enteritis caused by different soybean meals. The 960 groupers were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 4), which including: (1) FM (the control group, fed with 50% FM feed), (2) SBM40 (replacing 40% FM with soybean meal), (3) SPC40 (replacing 40% FM with soybean protein concentrate), and (4) FSBM40 (replacing 40% FM with fermented soybean meal). Under average temperature and natural light, the groupers were cultivated with feeds of iso-nitrogen and iso-lipid for 10 weeks. The results showed that soybean meal feeds at all experimental levels had negative effects on fish gut physiology and growth performance. Typical enteritis features and fluctuations of immune system occur, which can be observed in the enzyme activities of total superoxide dismutase and lysozyme and in the contents of immunoglobulin M, complement 3 and complement 4. 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing indicated that it greatly influenced the gut flora with the abundance of maleficent bacteria, like Vibrio, amplified with increasing dietary soybean meals. According to the "3 + 2" full-length transcriptome sequencing, soy meals at the three experimental levels inhibited the key gene expressions of tryptophan metabolic pathway in fish gut, however, there are some differences in the types of key genes that are inhibited. The canonical correlation analysis showed that the changes in key gene expressions in tryptophan metabolic pathway had a positive correlation with the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (P < 0.05). It is speculated from this study that tryptophan metabolism is closely related to fish soy meal-related enteritis, and the abnormal tryptophan metabolism caused by intestinal flora imbalance may play an important role. In the future research, we can further study the tolerance of fish to soy meals feed from two aspects of tryptophan metabolism and intestinal flora changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Aobo Pang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Beiping Tan,
| | - Yu Xin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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11
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Chen F, Qian J, He Y, Leng Y, Zhou W. Could Chlorella pyrenoidosa be exploited as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed? A study on the nutritional values and anti-nutritional factors. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1069760. [PMID: 36570144 PMCID: PMC9768438 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1069760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work attempted to identify if microalgal biomass can be utilized as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed by analyzing its nutritional value and the anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). The results showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa contained high-value nutrients, including essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The protein content in C. pyrenoidosa reached 52.4%, suggesting that microalgal biomass can be a good protein source for aquatic animals. We also discovered that C. pyrenoidosa contained some ANFs, including saponin, phytic acid, and tannins, which may negatively impact fish productivity. The high-molecular-weight proteins in microalgae may not be effectively digested by aquatic animals. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, proper measures should be taken to pretreat microalgal biomass to improve the nutritional value of a microalgae-based fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Jun Qian
| | - Yu He
- Xinjiang Rao River Hydrological and Water Resources Monitoring Center, Shangrao, China
| | - Yunyue Leng
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Wenguang Zhou
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12
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Miao Z, Miao Z, Liu M, Xu S. Melatonin ameliorates imidacloprid-induced intestinal injury by negatively regulating the PGN/P38MAPK pathway in the common carp (Cyprinuscarpio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1063-1074. [PMID: 36375784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI), one of the most frequently used neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture, is resided in surface water worldwide and poses a threat to aquatic organisms. Melatonin (MT) provides effective protection against insecticide-induced toxicity, nevertheless, the toxic effects and whether MT attenuates intestinal injury caused by IMI exposure in the common carps remains poorly explored. Previous studies have reported adverse effects of IMI exposure on intestinal health status. Therefore, we first demonstrated that IMI altered the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, destroying the integrity of intestinal ultrastructure, increasing intestinal permeability. Meanwhile, metagenomic sequencing and ELISA kits results hypothesized that peptidoglycan (PGN) is an IMI-triggered intestinal microbial metabolite. Subsequently, we thus further elucidated that IMI induced an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability by inducing PGN secretion in vitro model. MT addition dramatically attenuated IMI-induced intestinal toxicity by remitting PGN synthesis and thus resecuring tight junction permeability, thereby reducing intestinal injury. SB203580 was supplied as a P38MAPK inhibitor to alleviate the increased permeability of tight junctions induced by IMI/PGN. Therefore, these findings confirmed that MT protects against IMI-induced intestinal injury by negatively regulating PGN/P38MAPK pathway to antagonize the increased tight junction permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiying Miao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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13
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Liu HJ, Dong M, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jin XW, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhang L, Feng L, Zhou XQ. Acute nitrite exposure-induced oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused gill tissue damage of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Relieved by dietary protein. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113994. [PMID: 35994904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite poses a serious threat to intensive aquaculture. Protein, as a major nutrient in animals, is vital for protecting animal tissues from damage. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of dietary protein on gill tissue structure and the underlying mechanisms in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exposed to nitrite stress. Six iso-energetic semi-purified diets containing different protein levels (16-31 %) were formulated, and fed to fish for 60 d. The fish were then exposed to a nitrite solution for 4 d. Histopathological observation and determination of related indices (serum glucose, serum cortisol, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl) showed that 22-25 % dietary protein significantly alleviated the nitrite-induced stress response, gill tissue damage and oxidative damage. Further research found that a suitable dietary protein suppressed the nitrite-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) related signaling pathway which possibly activated autophagy and apoptosis. Interestingly, we discovered that proper dietary protein reduced autophagy, probably through unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1), BCL-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein (Beclin1), autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), Atg12, microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3), BCL-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and autophagy receptor P62 (p62). We also found that an appropriate dietary protein inhibited nitrite-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. In summary, our findings are the first to demonstrate that 22-25 % of dietary protein levels can play a protective role against nitrite-induced gill injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Dong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd,Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd,Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
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14
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Wu D, Fan Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang L, Wang L. Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Front Immunol 2022; 13:915657. [PMID: 35720284 PMCID: PMC9200961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation in a low protein (LP) diet on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 600 carp were randomly divided into five dietary groups: a normal protein (NP) diet containing 32% crude protein, an LP diet formulated with 28% crude protein, and LP with AKG at 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% (dry matter). After an 8-week trial period, the results demonstrated that an LP diet led to a decrease in performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function. Compared with the LP group, the final body weight and weight gain rate in the LP+0.4% AKG group were significantly higher, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased with the addition of 0.4% and 0.8% AKG. The supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% AKG markedly increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px, as well as the expression levels of GPX1a and GPX1b relative to the LP group, whereas the MDA content was significantly decreased in the LP+0.4% AKG group. In addition, the expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-1, and MLCK were significantly up-regulated in the LP+0.4% AKG group, and the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6α were significantly lower with the addition of 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% AKG. Moreover, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the LP+0.4% AKG group was lower than that in the LP group, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was higher at the phylum level. The abundance of Citrobacter in the LP+0.4% AKG group was decreased compared to the LP group, while the abundance of Aeromonas was increased at the genus level. In short, the effects of AKG on the intestinal health of the common carp were systematically and comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of intestinal physical barrier, chemical barrier, biological barrier, and immune barrier. We found that an LP diet supplemented with 0.4% AKG was beneficial to the growth performance and intestinal health of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- AHP Application Research Institute, Weifang Addeasy Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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15
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Wang L, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Wu D, Li J, Xu Q. Effect of phosphorus on growth performance, intestinal tight junctions, Nrf2 signaling pathway and immune response of juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed different α-ketoglutarate levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:271-279. [PMID: 34863945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that dietary α-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation can promote growth performance, phosphorus metabolism, and skeletal development of juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed low phosphorous diets. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that 1% AKG dietary supplementation reduces the dietary phosphorus requirements of juvenile mirror carp. A total of 12 experimental isoproteic and isolipidic diets containing available phosphorus levels of 0.21%, 0.38%, 0.55%, 0.72%, 0.89%, and 1.07% dry matter with either 0 or 1% AKG supplementation were used in the study. A total of 1080 juvenile fish of similar initial weight (0.90 ± 0.03 g) were selected and randomly assigned to 36 tanks. There were three replicates for each experimental group, with a density of 30 fish per tank. Fish were fed to satiation for 8 weeks. The results indicated that fish fed the diet supplemented with 1% AKG showed a significant increase in final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed intake (FI) and phosphorus intake (PI) compared to the diet without AKG (P < 0.05). FBW and WGR increased significantly with increasing available phosphorus levels from 0.21% to 0.89% (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of ZO-1, claudin 11, and occludin was significantly increased by dietary AKG and phosphorus (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of Nrf2, GPx1a, and CAT in the Nrf2 signaling pathway was significantly increased by dietary AKG and phosphorus (P < 0.05). The expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β2 were significantly increased by dietary AKG and phosphorus, but the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a and NF-κB were significantly decreased with dietary AKG and phosphorus supplementation (P < 0.05). Based on second-order polynomial regression analysis of WGR against dietary phosphorus levels, the optimal dietary phosphorus level was found to be 0.79% of dry feed for juvenile mirror carp fed a diet with 1% AKG supplementation and 0.93% of dry feed without AKG supplementation. This study confirmed that AKG supplementation can reduce the phosphorus requirements of juvenile mirror carp by promoting growth performance, intestinal tight junctions, Nrf2 signaling pathways and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China; School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
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Gu M, Pan S, Deng W, Li Q, Qi Z, Chen C, Bai N. Effects of glutamine on the IKK/IκB/NF-кB system in the enterocytes of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. stimulated with soya-saponins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:373-378. [PMID: 34688862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soya-saponins represent key anti-nutritional factors that contribute to soybean meal-induced enteritis, and glutamine is an effective fish intestine protectant that combats the negative effects of soya-saponins. Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-кB) systems are involved in the interactions between soya-saponins and glutamine, and the goal of the present work was to clarify the related molecular mechanisms used by the NF-кB kinase (IKK)/inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)/NF-кB system. Primary cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) intestinal epithelial cells were concurrently administrated with 1 mg/mL of soya-saponins and several levels of glutamine (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) for 12 h and then subjected to real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Compared with cells treated with soya-saponins alone, glutamine significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α genes, significantly reduced nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 abundance levels in a dose-dependent manner, increased the IκBα protein level but decreased its phosphorylation, and down-regulated the IKKα/β and phosphorylated IKKα/β levels. In conclusion, this in vitro work confirmed that glutamine attenuated soya-saponin-induced inflammatory responses in turbot intestines. Moreover, it identified molecular pathways in which glutamine first decreased the p65 level and then prevented its nuclear translocation. In addition, glutamine reduced IκBα phosphorylation and maintained its level. Finally, glutamine decreased IKK expression and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Wanzhen Deng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zezheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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