1
|
Qian S, Zhang Q, Li S, Shi R, He X, Zi S, Liu T. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting endophytes facilitates accumulation of saponin under moderate drought stress. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:214-226. [PMID: 38706830 PMCID: PMC11064634 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan, China, usually takes 6-8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it. Methods P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Results Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE (AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis compared to the non-inoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, and K in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis under various water conditions. Under moderate drought stress, AMF + PGPE significantly enhanced the contents of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis saponins I, II, VII, and total saponins as compared to normal water circumstances. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS), Cycloartenol synthase (CAS), and Squalene epoxidase (SE1) were the genes that were significantly up-regulated at the same time. The amount of saponins was favorably linked with the expression of CAS, GPPS, and SE1. Saponin VI content and glycosyl transferase (UGT) 010922 gene expression were found to be substantially associated, as was saponin II content and UGT010935 gene expression. Conclusion Under moderate drought, AMF + PGPE was more conducive to the increase of hormone content, nutrient absorption, and total saponin content in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and AMF + PGPE could up regulate the expression of key genes and UGTs genes in one or more steroidal saponin synthesis pathways to varying degrees, thereby stimulating the synthesis and accumulation of steroidal saponins in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The combination of AMF and PGPE inoculation, as well as adequate soil drought, reduced the buildup of saponins in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and increased its quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Qian
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sha Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Honeybee, Honghe 661101, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burak K, Yanardağ İH, Gómez-López MD, Faz Á, Yalçin H, Sakin E, Ramazanoğlu E, Orak AB, Yanardağ A. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on biological activity and biochemical properties of soil under vetch growing conditions in calcareous soils. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24820. [PMID: 38352785 PMCID: PMC10861976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to soils from arid regions with high lime and low organic matter content, farmers receive low yields along with high costs of agricultural inputs, which causes them to look for a solution. In this context, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential to reduce fertilizer use by mediating soil nutrient cycles. However, little is known about studies of AMF inoculum on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling during vetch plant vegetation in calcareous areas. In this study, changes in soil biogeochemical properties related to soil C, N, and P cycling were investigated with five different AMF inoculations under vetch (common Vetch (CV; Vicia sativa L.) and Narbonne Vetch (NV; Vicia narbonensis L.) growing conditions. For the field study, a total of five different mycorrhizae were used in the experiment with the random plots design. AMF inoculation decreased the lime content of the soil, and the highest decrease was observed in NV with Glomus (G.) intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum inoculation (24.41 %). The highest MBC content was recorded in CV vetch G. intraradices (1176.3 mg C kg-1) and the highest MBN content in NV vetch G. intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum (1356.9 mg C kg-1). CAT activity of soils was highest in CV vetch G. intraradices (31.43 %) and lowest in NV vetch G. intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum (72.88 %), urease enzyme activity decreased in all treatments except G. constrictum + Gigaspora sp. and G. mosseae inoculations in CV. The highest DHG activity was detected in GF (15.72 %) AMFs in CV and GI (21.99 %) in NV. APA activity was highest in Glomus constrictum + Gigaspora sp. (23.33 %) in CV and Glomus fasciculatum (10.08 %) in NV. In CV plots, G. intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum (91.67 %) isolates had the highest and G. intraradices community had the lowest RC% (97.33 %) in mixed mycorrhiza species, while in NV plots G. fasciculatum inoculum had the highest and G. intraradices community had the lowest RC%. This study has important implications for the application of AMF for sustainable agriculture. When the results of the study were evaluated, the most effective AMF isolates in terms of C, N, and P cycles were G. constrictum + G. fasciculatum + Gigaspora sp. in Common vetch variety, and G. intraradices in Narbonne vetch variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kader Burak
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Halil Yanardağ
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
| | - María Dolores Gómez-López
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ángel Faz
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Hamza Yalçin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sakin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ramazanoğlu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Aysel Bars Orak
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Asuman Yanardağ
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun W, Shahrajabian MH. The Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Microbial Biostimulant, Sustainable Approaches in Modern Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3101. [PMID: 37687348 PMCID: PMC10490045 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulant application can be considered an effective, practical, and sustainable nutritional crop supplementation and may lessen the environmental problems related to excessive fertilization. Biostimulants provide beneficial properties to plants by increasing plant metabolism, which promotes crop yield and improves the quality of crops; protecting plants against environmental stresses such as water shortage, soil salinization, and exposure to sub-optimal growth temperatures; and promoting plant growth via higher nutrient uptake. Other important benefits include promoting soil enzymatic and microbial activities, changing the architecture of roots, increasing the solubility and mobility of micronutrients, and enhancing the fertility of the soil, predominantly by nurturing the development of complementary soil microbes. Biostimulants are classified as microbial, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), non-pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, or non-microbial, such as seaweed extract, phosphite, humic acid, other inorganic salts, chitin and chitosan derivatives, protein hydrolysates and free amino acids, and complex organic materials. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are among the most prominent microbial biostimulants and have an important role in cultivating better, healthier, and more functional foods in sustainable agriculture. AMF assist plant nutrient and water acquisition; enhance plant stress tolerance against salinity, drought, and heavy metals; and reduce soil erosion. AMF are proven to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of crop supplements. The current manuscript gives many examples of the potential of biostimulants for the production of different crops. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of different biostimulants in sustainable agriculture. The review focuses on how AMF application can overcome nutrient limitations typical of organic systems by improving nutrient availability, uptake, and assimilation, consequently reducing the gap between organic and conventional yields. The aim of this literature review is to survey the impacts of AMF by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in different crops as well as introducing the main mechanisms of action of the different biostimulant products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Lu X, Su J, Bai Y. Phosphorus availability and planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on plant performance in a semiarid steppe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1081-1095. [PMID: 36661120 PMCID: PMC10457034 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growing evidence has suggested that plant responses to model soil microorganisms are context dependent; however, few studies have investigated the effects of whole soil microbial communities on plant performance in different abiotic and biotic conditions. To address this, we examined how soil phosphorus (P) availability and different planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on the growth of two native plant species in a semiarid steppe. METHODS We carried out a glasshouse experiment to explore the effects of the whole indigenous soil microbiota on the growth and performance of Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa using soil sterilization with different soil P availabilities and planting patterns (monoculture and mixture). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explain the potential molecular mechanisms of the soil microbial effects on C. squarrosa. KEY RESULTS The soil sterilization treatment significantly increased the biomass of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa in both monoculture and mixture conditions, which indicated that the soil microbiota had negative growth effects on both plants. The addition of P neutralized the negative microbial effects for both L. chinensis and C. squarrosa, whereas the mixture treatment amplified the negative microbial effects on L. chinensis but alleviated them on C. squarrosa. Transcriptomic analysis from C. squarrosa roots underscored that the negative soil microbial effects were induced by the upregulation of defence genes. The P addition treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of differentially expressed genes attributable to the soil microbiota, and some defence genes were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline that indigenous soil microbiota have negative effects on the growth of two dominant plant species from a semiarid steppe, but their effects are highly dependent on the soil P availability and planting patterns. They also indicate that defence genes might play a key role in controlling plant growth responses to the soil microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jishuai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bahadur A, Jiang S, Zhang W, Sajjad W, Usman M, Nasir F, Amir Zia M, Zhang Q, Pan J, Liu Y, Chen T, Feng H. Competitive interactions in two different plant species: Do grassland mycorrhizal communities and nitrogen addition play the same game? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1084218. [PMID: 36993846 PMCID: PMC10040756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1084218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the Tibetan Plateau grassland ecosystems, nitrogen (N) availability is rising dramatically; however, the influence of higher N on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) might impact on plant competitive interactions. Therefore, understanding the part played by AMF in the competition between Vicia faba and Brassica napus and its dependence on the N-addition status is necessary. To address this, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine whether the grassland AMF community's inocula (AMF and NAMF) and N-addition levels (N-0 and N-15) alter plant competition between V. faba and B. napus. Two harvests took day 45 (1st harvest) and day 90 (2nd harvest), respectively. The findings showed that compared to B. napus, AMF inoculation significantly improved the competitive potential of the V. faba. In the occurrence of AMF, V. faba was the strongest competitor being facilitated by B. napus in both harvests. While under N-15, AMF significantly enhanced tissue N:P ratio in B. napus mixed-culture at 1st harvest, the opposite trend was observed in 2nd harvest. The mycorrhizal growth dependency slightly negatively affected mixed-culture compared to monoculture under both N-addition treatments. The aggressivity index of AMF plants was higher than NAMF plants with both N-addition and harvests. Our observation highlights that mycorrhizal associations might facilitate host plant species in mixed-culture with non-host plant species. Additionally, interacting with N-addition, AMF could impact the competitive ability of the host plant not only directly but also indirectly, thereby changing the growth and nutrient uptake of competing plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Muhammad Amir Zia
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi make endophyte-induced plant volatiles perceptible. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
|
7
|
Chen J, Deng Y, Yu X, Wu G, Gao Y, Ren A. Epichloë Endophyte Infection Changes the Root Endosphere Microbial Community Composition of Leymus Chinensis Under Both Potted and Field Growth Conditions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:604-616. [PMID: 35194659 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes can not only affect the growth and resistance of the host plant but also change the biotic and abiotic properties of the soil where the host is situated. Here, we used endophyte-infected (EI) and endophyte-free (EF) Leymus chinensis as plant materials, to study the microbial diversity and composition in the host root endosphere and rhizosphere soil under both pot and field conditions. The results showed that endophyte infection did not affect the diversity of either bacteria or fungi in the root zone. There were significant differences in both bacterial and fungal communities between the root endosphere and the rhizosphere, and between the field and the pot, while endophytes only affected root endosphere microbial communities. The bacterial families affected by endophyte infection changed from 29.07% under field conditions to 40% under pot conditions. In contrast, the fungal families affected by endophyte infection were maintained at nearly 50% under both field and pot conditions. That is to say, bacterial communities in the root endosphere were more strongly affected by environmental conditions, and in comparison, the fungal communities were more strongly affected by species specificity. Endophytes significantly affected the fungal community composition of the host root endosphere in both potted and field plants, only the effect was more obvious in potted plants. Endophyte infection increased the abundance of three fungal families (Thelebolaceae, Herpotrichiellaceae and Trimorphomycetaceae) under both field and potted conditions. In potted plants, endophytes also altered the dominant fungi from pathogenic Pleosporales to saprophytic Chaetomiaceae. Endophyte infection increased the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and saprophytic fungi, especially under potted conditions.Overall, endophytes significantly affected the fungal community composition of the host root endosphere in both potted and field plants. Endophytes had a greater impact on root endosphere microorganisms than the rhizosphere, a greater impact on fungal communities than bacteria, and a greater impact on root endosphere microorganisms under potted conditions than at field sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongkang Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhe Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guanghong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Yubao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of the endophyte Epichloë coenophiala on the root microbial community and growth performance of tall fescue in different saline-alkali soils. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Liu H, Tang H, Ni X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Interactive Effects of Epichloë Endophytes and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Saline-Alkali Stress Tolerance in Tall Fescue. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855890. [PMID: 35547114 PMCID: PMC9083001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are two important symbiotic microorganisms of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). Our research explores the combined effects of endophytes and AMF on saline-alkali stress. The finding revealed that a significant interaction between Epichloë endophytes and AMF, and saline-alkali stress occurred in the growth and physiological parameters of tall fescue. Endophyte infection significantly enhanced tall fescue resistance to saline-alkali stress by increasing shoot and root biomass and nutrient uptake (organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentration), and accumulating K+ while decreasing Na+ concentration. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of endophytes was enhanced by the beneficial AMF, Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE) but was reduced by the detrimental AMF, Funneliformis mosseae (FM). Our findings highlight the importance of interactions among multiple microorganisms for plant performance under saline-alkali stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Huimin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Idbella M, Bonanomi G, De Filippis F, Amor G, Chouyia FE, Fechtali T, Mazzoleni S. Contrasting effects of Rhizophagus irregularis versus bacterial and fungal seed endophytes on Trifolium repens plant-soil feedback. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:103-115. [PMID: 33185700 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and soil affect plant-plant interactions and community composition by modifying soils conditions in plant-soil feedback, where associated microbes have the most crucial role. Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and microbial seed endophytes have been demonstrated to influence, directly or indirectly, biotic or abiotic soil properties, thus affecting subsequent plant growth, and community structure. However, little is known about how plant endophyte communities, individually or in interaction with AMF, affect plant-soil feedback processes. Here, we investigated, through a manipulative experiment, the behavior of endophyte-free and endophyte-associated Trifolium repens plants grown in soils previously conditioned by conspecific endophyte-free and endophyte-associated plants, inoculated or not by Rhizophagus intraradices. Furthermore, we identified microbial endophytes directly from the inner tissues of seeds by high-throughput sequencing, to compare seed fungal and bacterial endophyte composition. Results demonstrated that the outcome of simultaneous occurrence of seed endophytes and AMF on plant behavior depended on matching the endophytic status, i.e., either the presence or absence of seed microbial endophytes, of the conditioning and response phase. Seed fungal endophytes generated strong conspecific negative feedback, while seed bacterial endophytes proved to shift the feedback from negative to positive. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of both seed endophytes with AMF could either generate or expand negative plant-soil feedback effects. Our results show that seed and root symbionts can play a significant role on setting conspecific plant-soil feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Idbella
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Ghita Amor
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Chouyia
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Taoufiq Fechtali
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu FJ, Song SL, Ma CY, Zhang W, Sun K, Tang MJ, Xie XG, Fan KK, Dai CC. Endophytic fungus improves peanut drought resistance by reassembling the root-dwelling community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Colonization by dark septate endophytes improves the growth of Hedysarum scoparium under multiple inoculum levels. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Liu H, Wu M, Chen J, Gao Y, Ren A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus identity modulates growth effects of endophyte-infected grasses on neighboring plants. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:663-670. [PMID: 32613351 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes of grasses have been reported to affect the colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) not only of their dual host plant but also of neighboring non-endophyte-infected plants. However, studies investigating the impact of AMF identity on the effects of endophyte-infected grasses on neighboring plants are rare. In this study, we investigated the influence of Leymus chinensis litter type (NL, no litter; E-, endophyte-free litter; E-E+, half E+ and half E- litter; E+, endophyte-infected litter) on Stipa krylovii growth with different AMF species (Claroideoglomus etunicatum, CE; Funneliformis mosseae, FM; Claroideoglomus claroideum, CC; Rhizophagus intraradices, RI). The results showed that the root biomass of S. krylovii tended to decrease with the increase of E+ litter in the mycorrhiza-free treatment. With AMF inoculation, the effects of E+ litter on the AMF colonization rate and root biomass of S. krylovii varied with AMF species. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed E+ litter could modulate the growth of S. krylovii indirectly via changes in AMF colonization rate, but this effect was related to AMF species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Nankai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Man Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Nankai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Nankai, China
| | - Yubao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Nankai, China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Nankai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vignale MV, Iannone LJ, Novas MV. Epichloë endophytes of a wild grass promote mycorrhizal colonization of neighbor grasses. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Liu H, Chen J, Qin T, Shi X, Gao Y, Ren A. Removal of Soil Microbes Alters Interspecific Competitiveness of Epichloë Endophyte-Infected over Endophyte-Free Leymus chinensis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E219. [PMID: 32041162 PMCID: PMC7074801 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes may not only affect the growth and resistances of host grasses, but may also affect soil environment including soil microbes. Can Epichloë endophyte-mediated modification of soil microbes affect the competitive ability of host grasses? In this study, we tested whether Epichloë endophytes and soil microbes alter intraspecific competition between Epichloë endophyte-colonized (EI) and endophyte-free (EF) Leymus chinensis and interspecific competition between L. chinensis and Stipa krylovii. The results demonstrated that Epichloë endophyte colonization significantly enhanced the intraspecific competitive ability of L. chinensis and that this beneficial effect was not affected by soil microbes. Under interspecific competition, however, significant interactions between Epichloë endophytes and soil microbes were observed. The effect of Epichloë endophytes on interspecific competitiveness of the host changed from positive to neutral with soil microbe removal. Here higher mycorrhizal colonization rates probably contributed to interspecific competitive advantages of EI over EF L. chinensis. Our result suggests that Epichloë endophytes can influence the competitive ability of the host through plant soil feedbacks from the currently competing plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.L.); (J.C.); (T.Q.); (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.L.); (J.C.); (T.Q.); (X.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tianzi Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.L.); (J.C.); (T.Q.); (X.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xinjian Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.L.); (J.C.); (T.Q.); (X.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yubao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.L.); (J.C.); (T.Q.); (X.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.L.); (J.C.); (T.Q.); (X.S.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu H, Wu M, Liu J, Qu Y, Gao Y, Ren A. Tripartite Interactions Between Endophytic Fungi, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Leymus chinensis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:98-109. [PMID: 31177395 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grasses often establish multiple simultaneous symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Many studies have examined pair-wise interactions between plants and endophytic fungi or between plants and AMF, overlooking the interplays among multiple endosymbionts and their combined impacts on hosts. Here, we examined both the way in which each symbiont affects the other symbionts and the tripartite interactions between leaf endophytic fungi, AMF, and Leymus chinensis. As for AMF, different species (Glomus etunicatum, GE; Glomus mosseae, GM; Glomus claroideum, GC; and Glomus intraradices, GI) and AMF richness (no AMF, single AMF taxa, double AMF mixtures, triple AMF mixtures, and all four together) were considered. Our results showed that significant interactions were observed between endophytes and AMF, with endophytes interacting antagonistically with GM but synergistically with GI. No definitive interactions were observed between the endophytes and GE or GC. Additionally, the concentration of endophytes in the leaf sheath was positively correlated with the concentration of AMF in the roots under low AMF richness. The shoot biomass of L. chinensis was positively related to both endophyte concentration and AMF concentration, with only endophytes contributing to shoot biomass more than AMF. Endophytes and AMF increased shoot growth by contributing to phosphorus uptake. The interactive effects of endophytes and AMF on host growth were affected by the identity of AMF species. The beneficial effect of the endophytes decreased in response to GM but increased in response to GI. However, no influences were observed with other GC and GE. In addition, endophyte presence can alter the response of host plants to AMF richness. When leaf endophytes were absent, shoot biomass increased with higher AMF richness, only the influence of AMF species identity outweighed that of AMF richness. However, when leaf endophytes were present, no significant association was observed between AMF richness and shoot biomass. AMF species identity rather than AMF richness promoted shoot growth. The results of this study demonstrate that the outcomes of interspecific symbiotic interactions are very complex and vary with partner identity such that the effects of simultaneous symbioses cannot be generalized and highlight the need for studies to evaluate fitness response of all three species, as the interactive effects may not be the same for each partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaobing Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Growth and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass to an AMF and an Epichloë endophyte under different soil water contents. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
18
|
Bi Y, Xiao L, Sun J. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ameliorates plant growth and hormones after moderate root damage due to simulated coal mining subsidence: a microcosm study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11053-11061. [PMID: 30790167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant root symbionts delivering a range of benefits to the host plant such as improved nutrient acquisition and resistance to pathogens and abiotic stress. However, whether they can enhance the function of plant root systems damaged due to subsidence caused by excessive coal mining has not been well explored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AMF using Funneliformis mosseae (FM) as the test fungus on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and hormone levels under different levels of root damage stress by simulating mining subsidence. The results show that plants treated with FM had more shoots, roots, mycorrhizal colonization and higher hyphal density than those without FM under the same simulated mining-induced subsidence conditions. In addition, plants treated with FM also possessed higher N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in the shoots and the roots and higher indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin (GA), and cytokinin (CTK) contents in the roots, indicating that the mycorrhizal association promoted plant biomass and nutrient uptake. FM treatment was no longer beneficial when root damage due to mining-induced subsidence affected more than half of the roots. Soil SOC, AK, and TG were identified as key factors affecting GA, CTK, IAA, and ABA, and AMF can alter plant hormones directly via the hyphae and indirectly by altering soil physicochemical properties under root damage stress. Overall, our results provide baseline data for assessing the biological reclamation effects of AMF on coal mining-induced subsidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia T, Wang RH, Chai BF. Various Phyllosphere and Soil Bacterial Communities of Natural Grasses and the Impact Factors in a Copper Tailings Dam. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:7-14. [PMID: 30310969 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper mining caused severe damage to the ecological environment of mining areas. The combination of microbe and plant remediation has an application potential in improving the absorption and transformation efficiency of heavy metals. The phyllosphere is the largest biointerface on the planet, and bacteria are the dominant microbial inhabitants of the phyllosphere, believed to be critical to plant growth and health. This study investigated the phyllospheric and soil bacteria communities using high-throughput sequencing, and endophyte infection statuses of four natural grasses by toluidine blue heparin assay. Results showed variation in phyllospheric bacterial community structure. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial population. Bacilli were found in the phyllosphere of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Imperata cylindrica, while Clostridia were only found in Calamagrostis epigejos. Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in soil. In addition, bacterial communities were influenced by endophytic infection statuses. Oxalobacteraceae was associated with soil carbon and sulfur. Enterobacteriaceae had negative correlation with the ratio of soil carbon and nitrogen, and had positive correlation with Cd content. These results offer useful insights into phyllospheric bacterial community variance in four different natural grasses in a copper tailings dam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jia
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Rui-Hong Wang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Bao-Feng Chai
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou Y, Li X, Gao Y, Liu H, Gao Y, van der Heijden MGA, Ren A. Plant endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter plant competition. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- College of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Life SciencesHebei University Baoding China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yu‐Bao Gao
- College of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin China
| | - Marcel G. A. van der Heijden
- Plant‐Soil Interactions, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsFaculty of ScienceInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - An‐Zhi Ren
- College of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bowman EA, Arnold AE. Distributions of ectomycorrhizal and foliar endophytic fungal communities associated with Pinus ponderosa along a spatially constrained elevation gradient. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:687-699. [PMID: 29756204 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Understanding distributions of plant-symbiotic fungi is important for projecting responses to environmental change. Many coniferous trees host ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) in association with roots and foliar endophytic fungi (FE) in leaves. We examined how EM and FE associated with Pinus ponderosa each vary in abundance, diversity, and community structure over a spatially constrained elevation gradient that traverses four plant communities, 4°C in mean annual temperature, and 15 cm in mean annual precipitation. METHODS We sampled 63 individuals of Pinus ponderosa in 10 sites along a 635 m elevation gradient that encompassed a geographic distance of 9.8 km. We used standard methods to characterize each fungal group (amplified and sequenced EM from root tips; isolated and sequenced FE from leaves). KEY RESULTS Abundance and diversity of EM were similar across sites, but community composition and distributions of the most common EM differed with elevation (i.e., with climate, soil chemistry, and plant communities). Abundance and composition of FE did not differ with elevation, but diversity peaked in mid-to-high elevations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest relatively tight linkages between EM and climate, soil chemistry, and plant communities. That FE appear less linked with these factors may speak to limitations of a culture-based approach, but more likely reflects the small spatial scale encompassed by our study. Future work should consider comparable methods for characterizing these functional groups, and additional transects to understand relationships of EM and FE to environmental factors that are likely to shift as a function of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bowman
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effects of Epichloë gansuensis on root-associated fungal communities of Achnatherum inebrians under different growth conditions. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Johansen RB, Johnston P, Mieczkowski P, Perry GL, Robeson MS, Burns BR, Vilgalys R. A native and an invasive dune grass share similar, patchily distributed, root-associated fungal communities. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
24
|
Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Antifungal Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091541. [PMID: 27649145 PMCID: PMC5037815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. A high diversity of endophytic fungi from Z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness S (43), Margalef index D′ (6.1351), Shannon–Wiener index H′ (3.2743), Simpson diversity index Ds (0.9476), PIE index (0.9486), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8705) but a low dominant index λ (0.0524). Significant tissue specificity of the endophytic fungi was observed in Z. bungeanum, and the highest species richness and diversity indexes were obtained in the stem. Phylogenetic analyses of the 93 endophytic isolates were carried out by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to demonstrate their evolutionary processes. Antifungal activities of endophytic fungi were assayed and eight endophytic isolates showed strong and long-lasting inhibition against host pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Pseudocercospora zanthoxyli. Here, for the first time, we systematically demonstrate the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Z. bungeanum and reveal the value of sampling different tissues of a given plant to obtain the greatest endophyte species diversity, which might offer a framework for further investigation and utilization of endophytic fungi as aunique source of interesting and useful bioactive compounds.
Collapse
|