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Guzmán-Muñoz E, Mendez-Rebolledo G, Núñez-Espinosa C, Valdés-Badilla P, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Delgado-Floody P, Herrera-Valenzuela T. Anthropometric Profile and Physical Activity Level as Predictors of Postural Balance in Overweight and Obese Children. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010073. [PMID: 36661645 PMCID: PMC9854897 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweightness and obesity can negatively influence many activities, including postural balance and locomotion, increasing predisposition to injury and risk of falls due to limitations on the biomechanics of daily living. The present study aimed to determine the influence of the anthropometric profile and physical activity level (PAL) on the postural balance of overweight and obese children. The sample included 387 schoolchildren (216 boys and 171 girls). The variables of the anthropometric profile studied were body mass, biped height, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), summation of folds, body composition, and somatotype. PAL was measured using the PAQ-C questionnaire. Static and dynamic postural balance were measured through an open-eye (OE) and closed-eye (CE) posturographic test and the SEBTm, respectively. For static balance, the significant models were for mediolateral velocity (R2 = 0.42 in OA; R2 = 0.24 in OC), anteroposterior velocity (R2 = 0.21 in OA; R2 = 0.27 in OC), and mean velocity (R2 = 0.27 in OA; R2 = 0.46 in OC), where the predictors of low performance were younger age, male sex, overweight/obese nutritional status, greater thickness of skin folds, less tendency to mesomorphy, and greater fat mass. On the other hand, for dynamic postural balance, the significant models were observed in the previous direction (R2 = 0.39), posteromedial (R2 = 0.57), and posterolateral (R2 = 0.56), where the variables that predict a low performance were low PAL, overweight/obese nutritional status, and high WHR. Overweight and obese children presented a deficit in static and dynamic postural balance, enhanced by variables such as gender, age, PAL, and anthropometric characteristics related to adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cristián Núñez-Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Centro Asistencial Docente y de Investigación, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación. Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | | | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Kurt M, Savaş D, Şimşek TT, Yiş U. Factors associated with balance ability in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Gait Posture 2023; 99:139-145. [PMID: 36435068 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problems such as progressive muscle function loss, postural deteriorations, and contractures seen in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (D/BMD) may affect children's balance ability, and impaired balance ability may lead to limitations in children's functional level. RESEARCH QUESTION What factors are associated with balance ability in children with D/BMD? METHODS Twenty participants with D/BMD were included in the study. Participants' ages were asked; height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Children's functional level was assessed with the Motor Function Measurement-32 (MFM-32), Brooke and Vignos Scales. Muscle strength of hip flexion and extension, knee flexion and extension, and ankle dorsiflexion was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Balance measurements were performed using the Balance Master System. The relationship between balance and continuous independent variables was determined using Spearman's test. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 8.57 ± 3.27 years. The balance abilities of children with BMD were better than those of children with DMD (p < 0.05). The balance diminished with age (p < 0.05), while there was a positive correlation between balance and weight, height, BMI (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the balance and the MFM-32 total and subsection scores. Muscle strength was positively related to balance (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The results showed the balance ability in children with D/BMD was affected by age, height, weight, BMI, functional level, and muscle strength. Based on the results of this study, balance and strength training should be an integral part of the rehabilitation of children with D/BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kurt
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Dilan Savaş
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Tülay Tarsuslu Şimşek
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Uluç Yiş
- Dokuz Eylül University Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, İzmir, Turkey.
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The Effect of Different Body Mass Index Levels on Static and Dynamic Postural Balance Performance in Adults. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1079167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It was aimed to examine the static and dynamic postural balance performance in adults with different Body Mass Index (BMI) levels.
Methods: Study was conducted in Üsküdar Diabetes and Obesity Treatment Center between September and October 2021. Participants were divided into 5 groups according to BMI scores: normal-weight, overweight, 1st degree obese, 2nd degree obese, and 3rd degree obese. The static and dynamic balance performance of participants were assessed by the Limits of Stability (LOS) and modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration of Balance (m-CTSIB) tests.
Results: For LOS parameters, there was a significant difference between groups in reaction time scores only for the backward direction (p
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Benefits of Exercise in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148300. [PMID: 35886152 PMCID: PMC9315465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a serious health problem worldwide. Similarly, eating disorders (EDs) are complex diseases that affect adolescents with an increasing prevalence and are an alarming health concern to both physical and mental health. Traditionally, obesity and EDs, particularly binge eating disorder (BED), have been considered separate conditions, but there is emerging evidence such as etiology, comorbidities, risk factors, psychosocial impairment, and prevention approaches, highlighting important overlaps among these conditions. In youth, the two conditions share risk factors and consequences at both the physical and psychological levels, requiring special care. Exercise, useful as strategy to prevent and treat overweight conditions, may have beneficial effects on BED symptoms, suggesting that it may be considered as one of the key factors in the treatment of individuals affected by obesity with BED. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the bidirectional impact of obesity and BED in adolescents, in terms of risk factors, etiology and comorbid conditions. Specifically, we focused on the benefits of physical activity (PA) in the multidisciplinary treatment of subjects affected by obesity with BED. Even though additional research is needed to reach conclusions about the role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and comorbid BED, especially in adolescents, promising results have already suggested that closely monitored exercise is safe and, paired with cognitive behavioral therapy, may provide multiple benefits on both the physical and psychological levels. Tailored and integrated treatments for weight management and eating disorders are important to promptly and effectively treat obese subjects that have BED.
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Effects on intermittent postural control in people with Parkinson's due to a dual task. Hum Mov Sci 2022; 83:102947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wiesinger HP, Buchecker M, Müller E, Stöggl T, Birklbauer J. Decreased Postural Complexity in Overweight to Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:850548. [PMID: 35572009 PMCID: PMC9097216 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.850548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although a few studies suggest that young overweight to obese children and adolescents (YO) may have impaired postural control compared to young normal-weight (YN) peers, little information exists about how these two groups differ in the quality of the underlying balance strategies employed. Hence, the aim of the present study was a first comprehensive examination of the structural complexity of postural sways in these two cohorts during quiet bilateral standing. Methods Nineteen YO secondary school students (13.0 ± 1.4 years; male = 10, female = 9) were carefully matched to YN controls (13.0 ± 1.5 years) for age, sex, height, and school. Mediolateral (ML) and anteriorposterior (AP) acceleration signals were recorded with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) positioned at the trunk while standing barefoot in two conditions: firm and foam support surface. The magnitude of postural fluctuations was obtained using the root mean square (RMS). The temporal structure of the signals was analyzed via sample entropy (SEn), largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE), and detrended fluctuation analysis (α-DFA) algorithm. Reliability was assessed using a test–retest design. Results In both groups, foam standing caused higher postural fluctuations (higher RMS values) and reduced structural complexity (lower SEn values, higher LyE values, higher α-DFA values). In comparison to YN, YO exhibited a higher RMSAP. Especially in ML direction, the acceleration signals of the YO had higher repeatability (smaller SEn values), greater long-range correlations (higher α-DFA values), and lower local stability (higher LyE values). However, these observations were largely independent of the task difficulty. Except for α-DFAAP, the IMU approach proved reliable to characterize posture control. Discussion Our outcomes confirm postural control deficits in YO compared to their YN peers and indicate impaired regulatory mechanisms reflected as rigidity. Such less complex patterns usually reflect diverse pathologies, are detrimental to compensate for internal or external perturbations, and are attributed to lower adaptability and task performance. Without targeted balance stimuli, YO likely end in a lifelong vicious circle of mutually dependent poor balance regulation and low physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Wiesinger
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Hans-Peter Wiesinger,
| | - Michael Buchecker
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jürgen Birklbauer
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Cibulková N, Daďová K, Mašková K, Busch A, Kobesová A, Vařeková J, Hašpicová M, Matoulek M. Bariatric surgery and exercise: A pilot study on postural stability in obese individuals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262651. [PMID: 35030216 PMCID: PMC8759698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the changes in postural stability of individuals with obesity after bariatric surgery, and the effect of three months of regular exercise on the static postural stability. Twenty-two subjects (7 females and 15 males) aged 31 to 68 years (Body mass index 35-55 kg.m-2) completed the study. Participants were divided into two groups: one group participated in an exercise program after the bariatric surgery (n = 10; age 48.9 ± 7.5 years; Body mass index 42 ± 5.6 kg.m-2) while the second group did not exercise at all after bariatric surgery (n = 12; age 44.7 ± 13.6 years, Body mass index 42.6 ± 6.0 kg.m-2). Static postural stability was measured using a Tekscan MobileMat pressure plate before and 4 months after the bariatric surgery. The exercise program included exercising three times a week including: one hour of strengthening, one hour of aerobic group exercise and at least one session of individual exercise at home. There were no significant differences in Center of force sway, Center of force ranges and average speed before and 4 months after bariatric surgery. Also, no effect of exercise was found. Post-pre differences of some parameters were negatively related to age (r from-0.46 to-0.72). Further studies are needed to explore this topic in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Cibulková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Daďová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Mašková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Busch
- Health and Human Kinetics, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alena Kobesová
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vařeková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Matoulek
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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The Assessment of Functional Movement in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:37-53. [PMID: 34524655 PMCID: PMC8761122 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) is an assessment of human movement that may signal potential deficits that could predispose an otherwise healthy person to injury risk. FMS™ scores are well reported in both athletic and adult samples. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of FMS™ data among school-aged children and adolescents. Objective We aimed to systematically review and analyse functional movement proficiency of children and adolescents, specifically when assessed using the FMS™, and to establish initial normative values for the FMS™ in this population group and to further estimate differences in functional movement proficiency between the sexes, by school level (i.e., between primary and secondary school-level children and adolescents), and based on differences in child and adolescent body mass index (BMI). Methods In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, prospective studies were identified from searches across eight databases (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, ERIC, PsychINFO and PubMed), without any date restrictions, up to December 2020. The primary meta-analysis estimated the overall FMS™ score for school-aged children and adolescents across published studies. An additional three subgroup meta-analyses estimated comparisons for FMS™ data with school level, sex, and BMI across published studies. FMS™ data were meta-analysed using a number of different meta packages (Schwarzer et al. in Meta-Analysis with R, 1st ed, Springer International Publishing, Berlin, 2015), available in R Studio. Results A total of 19 articles were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis revealed a weighted FMS™ mean score of 14.06, with a standardised Tau value of 0.56, signalling a moderate-to-large degree of variability in FMS™ means between studies. The difference in FMS™ means between samples of males (weighted FMS™ mean 13.91) and females (weighted FMS™ mean 14.56) was compatible with a possible small effect size (standardised mean difference − 0.27). The variability in FMS™ means between studies was approximately five times greater in samples of secondary school children (factor difference in Tau values 5.16). The final meta-regression identified a negative association between BMI and FMS™ scores (r = − 0.42), which signalled a moderate-to-large difference in FMS™ scores between healthy weight and overweight children/adolescents. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis represents a novel and important synthesis of published FMS™ data from groups of children and adolescents. The study signals possible sex- and age-related differences in FMS™ scores, as well as a clear negative relationship between BMI and functional movement proficiency. More longitudinal research is needed to better understand the developmental trajectory and the effects of maturation milestones on FMS™ proficiency. Additional research is also needed to identify the types of interventions that could improve functional movement proficiency among ‘at risk’ groups, who are susceptible to functional movement deficiency, and whether changes in body composition mediate the relationship between these interventions and the improvement of FMS™ scores.
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Battaglia G, Giustino V, Tabacchi G, Lanza M, Schena F, Biino V, Giuriato M, Gallotta MC, Guidetti L, Baldari C, Gennaro A, Palma A, Bellafiore M. Interrelationship Between Age, Gender, and Weight Status on Motor Coordination in Italian Children and Early Adolescents Aged 6-13 Years Old. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:738294. [PMID: 34568243 PMCID: PMC8461257 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.738294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous evidences reported a negative correlation between motor coordination (MC) and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, the interrelationship between age, gender, and weight status is still debatable. Hence, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between MC and weight status according to age and gender across childhood and early adolescence in a large sample of Italian elementary and middle school students. A number of 1961 Italian school students (1,026 boys, 935 girls) was stratified in three consecutive age groups (6-7, 8-10, and 11-13 years) and four weight status categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) according to Cole's body mass index (BMI) cut-off points for children. MC performance was assessed measuring motor quotient (MQ) with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). Results showed significantly lower MQ levels in children in overweight (OW) and with obesity (OB) in both sexes for all age groups than peers in normal weight (NW), except in 6-7-year-old boys. Girls in OW and with OB had similar MQ levels across all age groups, while younger boys in OW and with OB showed higher MQ levels than older ones (p < 0.05). The 6-7-year-old boys showed better MQ levels than girls peers in NW, OW, and with OB, while 8-10-year-old boys in underweight (UW), NW, and OW; and 11-13-year-old boys only in NW (p < 0.05). No interaction effect was found between age, gender, and weight status on MQ levels. These outcomes showed the negative impact of higher weight status on MC performance according to age and gender, pointing out the importance of planning targeted motor programs that consider these variables to improve MC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Lanza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Valentina Biino
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Matteo Giuriato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department Unicusano, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Gennaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, AOU “G. Martino”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kozinc Ž, Trajković N, Smajla D, Šarabon N. The Effect of Fatigue on Single-Leg Postural Sway and Its Transient Characteristics in Healthy Young Adults. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720905. [PMID: 34489739 PMCID: PMC8418113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular fatigue is known to impair balance ability, which is reflected in increased postural sway during quiet standing tasks. Recently, quantifying transient characteristics of postural sway has been suggested as an approach to obtain additional information regarding postural control. However, this approach is currently vastly unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue (induced by a repeated change of direction task) on postural sway and its transient characteristics during single-leg standing, including whole-trial estimates and indexes of transient behavior in young healthy active adults. The study involved 28 physically active students (14 females). Single-leg postural sway was recorded for 30s before and after a fatiguing protocol, which consisted of a repeated change of direction tasks. We calculated the traditional whole-trial estimates of postural sway [center-of-pressure (CoP) velocity and amplitude in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions] and corresponding transient behavior indexes, based on three 10-s intervals. Statistically significant sex×fatigue interaction with medium effect sizes was found for whole-trial CoP velocity in AP (p=0.028; η2=0.17) and ML directions (p=0.019; η2=0.19). Post-hoc test showed that both variables substantially decreased in female participants (p=0.041–0.045; d=0.54–0.56), but remained similar in males (p=0.194–0.294). There were small to medium statistically significant main effects of fatigue on transient index for CoP amplitude in both directions (p=0.042–0.049; η2=0.02–0.14). Notably, CoP AP amplitude increased in the first 10-s interval for males (before fatigue: 5.6±1.3mm; after fatigue: 6.3±1.6mm), while the CoP AP amplitude in the third interval remained similar after fatigue (before fatigue: 5.5±1.4mm; after fatigue: 5.1±1.2mm). In conclusion, the responses to fatigue in terms of postural sway were time interval specific, and there were certain sex-differences in responses to fatigue, which could be related to better ability to adapt balance strategies in females. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the indexes of transient behavior could perhaps detect smaller fatigue-induced changes in postural sway that are seen in whole-trial estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Darjan Smajla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mudge AJ, Thilak S, Wojciechowski EA, Burns J, Paget SP. The impact of being overweight on the mobility, temporal-spatial and kinematic aspects of gait in children with cerebral palsy. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:138-144. [PMID: 33546995 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obesity causes altered gait patterns in typically developing children, but its effect on gait in children with physical disabilities is largely unknown. This study explores associations between body mass index (BMI), functional mobility and gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using three-dimensional gait analysis data from 197 children with CP, Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III. BMI values were categorised using the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) BMI percentiles, which are specific to age and gender. Regression analyses, with GMFCS level as a covariate, explored associations between BMI category and temporal-spatial, kinematic and functional mobility variables. Analyses included children categorised as healthy weight and overweight/obese only (n = 174), with underweight children excluded (n = 23). RESULTS 131 children (mean age 10.5 years, SD 3) were categorised as healthy weight and 43 children (mean age 9.6 years, SD 2.5) as overweight or obese. BMI was not associated with most gait variables. Increased double support time, reduced hip extension and increased ankle dorsiflexion were observed in children that were overweight, but most differences were small and of uncertain clinical significance. A lower proportion of overweight children walked independently over 500 m. CONCLUSION We found little evidence that BMI has a substantial influence on gait patterns in children with CP but some to suggest it may affect long-distance mobility. Different research strategies are required to improve understanding of relationships between adiposity, strength and function, for effective targeting of interventions to improve mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Mudge
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of NSW, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sinu Thilak
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Wojciechowski
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of NSW, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon P Paget
- Kids Rehab, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Tsiros MD, Tian EJ, Shultz SP, Olds T, Hills AP, Duff J, Kumar S. Obesity, the new childhood disability? An umbrella review on the association between adiposity and physical function. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13121. [PMID: 32779327 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The adverse physical impacts of childhood obesity are increasingly being recognized. The objective of this study is to examine relationships between physical function and adiposity in youth. An umbrella review searched seven databases from inception to May 2019 for systematic reviews examining associations between adiposity and physical function in 0-20-year-olds. Findings were synthesized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework and NHMRC FORM. Seventeen of 21 systematic reviews reported impairments to body function, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle function, balance/coordination, gait biomechanics, pain and injury. Six reviews reported activity restrictions in motor skills, running speed/agility and functional mobility, and two found inverse associations between adiposity and physical health-related quality of life (p-HRQOL). Some causal relationships indicated that adiposity inversely predicted p-HRQOL/CRF and CRF/muscle function inversely predicted adiposity. Assessments of physical function were heterogeneous and impacts on participation in life situations meaningful to the individual were largely unknown. Substantial evidence associates childhood overweight/obesity with reduced physical function. Associations were mainly cross-sectional, with causative evidence for some outcomes. Comprehensive physical function assessments by qualified health professionals are needed, along with targeted interventions to address deficits. Research should further examine causality of relationships, underlying mechanisms and participation challenges in real-life contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita D Tsiros
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Esther J Tian
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah P Shultz
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jed Duff
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Algarni FS, Alotaibi AN, Altowaijri AM, Al-Sobayel H. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ-Ar). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145168. [PMID: 32709115 PMCID: PMC7400235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) affect millions of people worldwide. Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) is a valid and reliable tool to assess the health of patients with MSD. However, this scale is not available in the Arabic language. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) into Arabic (MSK-HQ-Ar) and evaluate its validity and reliability among participants with MSD. Methods: This cross-sectional study used guidelines from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) to translate as well as validate the psychometric properties of MSK-HQ-Ar. Patients with MSD (n = 149) living in Taif participated in the study. Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability of MSK-HQ-Ar respectively. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between MSK-HQ-Ar and the European quality of life five-dimension, five-level scale (EQ-5D-5L). Results: Out of 149 participants, 119 completed the MSK-HQ-Ar twice. The scale showed good internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha (0.88), and reliability (ICC 0.92–0.95). A strong association was found with the EQ-5D-5L scores. Conclusion: The adapted MSK-HQ-Arabic version revealed acceptable psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable outcome measure to assess MSK health among Arabic speaking patients with MSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saad Algarni
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Hana Al-Sobayel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
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Turon-Skrzypinska A, Uździcki A, Przybylski T, Szylinska A, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Rył A, Rotter I. Assessment of Selected Anthropometric Parameters Influence on Balance Parameters in Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040176. [PMID: 32295212 PMCID: PMC7230743 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Balance is the ability of an organism to maintain its position in space. Balance disorders in children can lead to injuries and limited physical activity. Balance maintenance changes throughout puberty as well as in response to external factors. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of anthropometric parameters on balance in children aged 10 to 13 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS 308 children were accessed to eligibility to participate in the study. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria the study included 223 participants (123 boys and 100 girls) aged 10 to 13 from elementary schools in Szczecin. The stabilometry of examineted children was performed using the SIGMA balance platform. RESULTS It was shown that the balance parameters in children aged 10 to 13 worsen with increasing body mass and height, and do not correlate with age. CONCLUSION Rapid diagnosis and identification of postural disorders in children make it possible to start targeted physical exercises and to make the therapeutic process more effective and complex. Future research is needed to obtain more data and draw conclusions crucial for physiotherapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Turon-Skrzypinska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin; Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Artur Uździcki
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Student Scientific Society “KINESIS”, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Przybylski
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Student Scientific Society “KINESIS”, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szylinska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin; Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al.Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin; Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin; Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
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Postural Control Profiles of Typically Developing Children From 6 to 12 Years old: An Approach Using Self-Organizing Maps. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were a) to establish postural control profiles for individuals 6–12 years of age, b) to analyze the participants’ characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity) in those profiles, and c) to analyze the influence of visual information in the profiles found. Two hundred and eight typically developing children aged 6–12 years performed two trials in bipedal standing position with eyes open and closed. Feature extraction involved time, frequency, and sway-density plot variables using signals from the center of pressure. A Self-Organizing Map was used to classify and visualize the values of the participants in all the postural control variables tested. A k-means cluster analysis was applied to generate a small number of postural control profiles. The results determined six postural control profiles; three with participants denoting high stability and three considered as low stability profiles. Age, sex, and height were related to the postural control profiles. Boys were more frequently allocated in high stability clusters than girls, while the other factors yielded unclear difference between high and low stability profiles. The analysis of children’s profiles reflecting postural stability should therefore involve more than one factor including the individuals’ age, sex, and height.
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Gotardi GC, Rodrigues ST, Barbieri FA, Brito MB, Bonfim JVA, Polastri PF. Wearing a head-mounted eye tracker may reduce body sway. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134799. [PMID: 32088198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of wearing a head-mounted eye tracker on upright balance during different visual tasks. Twenty five young adults stood upright on a force plate while performing the visual tasks of fixation, horizontal saccades, and eyes closed, during eighteen trials wearing or not a head-mounted eye tracker. While wearing the eye tracker, participants showed a reduction in mean sway amplitude and velocity of the CoP in the AP and ML directions and more regular CoP fluctuations, in the ML axis in all conditions. Higher mean sway amplitude and velocity of CoP were observed during eyes closed than fixation and saccades. Moreover, horizontal saccades reduced mean sway velocity of CoP compared to fixation. Therefore, wearing the eye tracker minimized the body sway of young adults; however, visual task-related effects on postural stability remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele C Gotardi
- Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio T Rodrigues
- Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Fabio A Barbieri
- Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Human Movement Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Matheus B Brito
- Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - José V A Bonfim
- Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Paula F Polastri
- Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Information, Vision, and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
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Obesity Affects Postural Control in Middle Childhood and Adolescence but not in Early Childhood. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Overweight/obese children have postural control differences compared with normal-weight children. Nevertheless, there are not studies that analyze the effect of obesity during the entire period comprised between childhood and adolescence. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in postural control between normal-weight and overweight/obese participants during early and middle childhood and adolescence.
Methods: 359 children were divided into six groups according to age and weight status. Each participant carried out one 30-s trial with eyes open (EO) and one 30-s trial with eyes closed (EC). Center of pressure signals were acquired using a Wii Balance Board. Mean velocity in antero-posterior (MVAP) and medio-lateral (MVML) directions and the 95% confidence interval ellipse area were calculated.
Results: A Mann Whitney U-test showed significant differences between normal-weight and obese 8- to 12-year-old children in MVAP and MVML in both EO and EC. In 13- to 17-year-old adolescents, there were differences between normal-weight and overweight/obese in ellipse area and MVML, both in EO and EC condition. There were no differences in postural stability between normal-weight and overweight/obese 4- to 7-year-old children.
Conclusions: Obesity reduces postural stability only in middle childhood and adolescence but not in early childhood.
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Rusek W, Leszczak J, Baran J, Adamczyk M, Weres A, Baran R, Inglot G, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Porada S, Pop T. Role of body mass category in the development of faulty postures in school-age children from a rural area in south-eastern Poland: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030610. [PMID: 31699725 PMCID: PMC6858177 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of abnormalities in selected parameters measured in the trunk area. DESIGN Cross-sectional studies. SETTING The research was conducted in a primary school in the Trzebownisko Municipality, a rural area in south-eastern Poland. PARTICIPANTS A group of 464 children, ranging in age from 6 to 16 years (234 boys and 230 girls), was recruited to participate in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES The examination of their body postures was conducted with the use of the Zebris system. Body mass was determined using a body mass analyser Tanita MC-780 MA. BMI was calculated based on the acquired data. RESULTS It was noticed that the children with overweight and obesity tended to have an incorrect position of the shoulders and pelvis in comparison to children with normal body weight. It was found that greater body mass (higher BMI) coincided with a larger distance of the scapulae from the frontal plane (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Increase in children's BMI produces adverse effects in the position of the shoulder blades, reflected by their greater distance from the frontal plane. Increase in BMI is not significantly related to the position of the shoulder joints or pelvis; however, the subjects with overweight or obesity presented a greater difference in the position of the shoulder joints and pelvis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Leszczak
- Medical College, Institute of Health Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Medical College, Institute of Health Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Weres
- Medical College, Institute of Health Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Rafał Baran
- Rehabilitation Centre, REHAMED-CENTER, Tajęcina, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Pop
- Medical College, Institute of Health Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
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Adolescents’ Postural Control Learning According to the Frequency of Knowledge of Process. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most influential factors for motor skills learning. Physical Education teachers commonly use verbal cues to provide knowledge of process (KP) when teaching motor skills, but the ideal presentation frequency for KP in adolescents is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the frequency of KP (i.e., 100%, 67%, 0%) on dynamic balance. Thirty adolescents, age 14–15 years, participated in the study. Performance on a stabilometer platform was used to assess dynamic balance. Participants received feedback after each trial (100%), in two out of three trials (67%), or no feedback during 12 30-s trials of practice. Adolescents who received feedback (67% or 100%) required lower mean velocity to maintain similar dynamic balance performance (i.e., root mean square). Moreover, adolescents receiving 100% feedback had a higher α-scaling than those who did not received it. During the post-test and the retention, both 67% and 100% KP frequencies were effective at improving postural control, compared to the no feedback control.
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Relationships between adiposity and postural control in girls during balance tasks of varying difficulty. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:358-364. [PMID: 31262658 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine associations between postural control and body composition in 8-10-year-old girls. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 47 girls who were healthy-weight/overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) percentile]. Girls participated in six postural control conditions of varying difficulty (standing with malleoli touching, tandem stance leading with dominant and non-dominant foot, repeated with eyes open and closed). Postural control outcomes included Centre of Pressure (COP) sway area, COP principal and minor axis length and COP maximum velocity. Data were analysed using linear mixed modelling. RESULTS BMI percentile was positively associated with COP sway area (p=0.034) and principal axis (p=0.030) during tandem stance non-dominant foot leading with eyes closed and COP principal axis during tandem stance dominant foot leading with eyes open (p=0.045). BMI percentile significantly interacted with postural control conditions of varying difficulty to predict postural control outcomes (p≤0.035), notable for tandem stance positions [all four COP sway outcomes in tandem stance non-dominant foot leading eyes closed; tandem stance dominant foot leading with eyes open and closed (two COP sway outcomes each)]. CONCLUSIONS Girls with greater adiposity may have impairments in postural control, but only during more challenging postural control conditions. In contrast, BMI has little role to play in girls' postural control in easier postural control conditions (standing with feet together). These findings may suggest potential functional or safety considerations when girls with overweight/obesity are performing demanding postural control tasks (such as during sport or physical activity).
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Montes-Alguacil J, Páez-Moguer J, Jiménez Cebrián AM, Muñoz BÁ, Gijón-Noguerón G, Morales-Asencio JM. The influence of childhood obesity on spatio-temporal gait parameters. Gait Posture 2019; 71:69-73. [PMID: 31009919 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The musculoskeletal and neurosensorial development of children can be affected by excess body weight. Studies have examined how childhood obesity affects gait, but much about the influence of this factor remains to be determined. The aim of our study is to analyse, in a large sample of children, the influence of obesity on the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait cycle, in the most natural way possible, with the subjects walking overground at a self-selected speed. METHOD For this study, the sample was composed of 238 healthy school children, composed of 114 (47.9%) girls and 124 (52.1%) boys, aged 7-11 years. For each one, the body mass index was calculated, according to which the subjects were classified by percentiles as low weight, normal weight, overweight or obese. Anthropometric variables were measured and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait were assessed by the OptoGait® portable photocell system. RESULTS The spatial variables did not reveal significant differences between the children with normal weight and those with obesity. However, the differences for stance phase, load response and pre-swing phase (p = 0.0001, p = 0.016 and p = 0.0001, respectively) were clearly significant. CONCLUSIONS Childhood obesity exerts a significant influence on gait by increasing the duration of load response and that of the pre-swing towards the oscillation phase and therefore the total duration of the support phase. This outcome requires greater energy expenditure to stabilise the gait of children with obesity, and could have biomechanical repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel Gijón-Noguerón
- Podiatry Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Morales-Asencio
- Podiatry Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Spain.
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Gait changes after weight loss on adolescent with severe obesity after sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:374-381. [PMID: 30738737 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been highlighted that obesity influences the gait reducing walking velocity, stride length, ankle dorsal flexion at initial contact and ankle power generation. Meanwhile, step width, double support, hip flexion, knee extension during stance, hip moment and ankle power absorption was described increased. A tendency to the normalization of these parameters occur when subjects reduced their weight during growth. OBJECTIVE We studied the effect of fast weight loss due to Sleeve Gastrectomy on gait pattern of adolescent with severe obesity. The aim is to assess the functional benefit of the surgery. SETTING Pediatric hospital, public health, Italy. METHODS 11 patients before and after 1 year from surgery and 10 controls participated to the study. We studied the gait with an optoelectronic system and two force plates. We evaluated both kinetics and kinematics of walking. Then we looked at the differences between the pre- vs post-surgery and with the control group. RESULTS Step length and velocity were lower and step width was bigger in adolescent with obesity. Kinematic and kinetic parameters were altered. After surgery we observed the reduction of several gait alteration. Meanwhile, after 1 year alterations at the level of the foot, the knee and the pelvis persist. CONCLUSION The sudden loss of weight highlighted the presence of long-term effects on the locomotor system. The results discourage intense walking activities before the weight loss and we suggest further studies for evaluating the necessity of a rehabilitative intervention.
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The Influence of Body Mass Composition on the Postural Characterization of School-Age Children and Adolescents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9459014. [PMID: 30406147 PMCID: PMC6204177 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9459014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In recent years a significant increase in the percentage of children with postural problems has been observed. It is necessary to focus on preventing the phenomenon and on analysis of existing postural defects. Aim The aim of this work was to assess the potential relationship between body mass composition and body posture in school-age children. Material and Methods 464 school-age children ranging from 6 to 16 years (234 boys and 230 girls) were qualified for the study. Body mass composition was assessed using the analyzer Tanita MC 780 MA. Assessment of body posture was performed using Zebris system. All the results were analyzed with statistical methods. The accepted level of significance was p<0.05. Results Analyses of the disparities between the girls and the boys showed statistically significant differences in all of the body mass components and in obliquity of the pelvis/shoulder. The boys were characterized by higher contents of muscle tissue (p<0.001), bone tissue (p<0.001), fatless tissue (p<0.001), and body water (p<0.001) as well as a greater obliquity angle (p=0.018). The girls, on the other hand, were found with higher content of fatty tissue (p<0.001). The children with lower content of muscle tissue (p=0.030), fatless tissue (p=0.030), water (p=0.030), and higher content of fatty tissue measured in kg (p=0.027) were characterized by greater pelvic obliquity. Conclusion The current study shows evidence that sex, as a strongly differentiating factor, determines body mass composition and the occurrence of suboptimal postures only in the pelvic area. Body mass composition differentiates body posture of the study group. The content of fatty tissue influences the occurrence of suboptimal postures in the scapula and pelvic area in the frontal plane. The content of muscle tissue is associated with faulty postures in the scapula and pelvic area in the frontal plane.
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Stins JF, Roerdink M. Unveiling Intermittency in the Control of Quiet Upright Standing: Beyond Automatic Behavior. Front Neurol 2018; 9:850. [PMID: 30364077 PMCID: PMC6191479 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of posture, as in quiet upright standing, is distributed among postural reflexes and higher (cortical) centers. According to the theory of “intermittent control,” the control of posture involves a rapid succession of brief periods of postural stability, during which the body dwells relatively motionless in a particular posture, and postural instability, during which the body rapidly transits to a new stable point. This theory assumes a combination of stiffness control, keeping the body in the same position, and top-down ballistic control, moving the body to a new reference position. We tested the prediction that exerting ballistic control consumes more attention, relative to stiffness control, using variations in reaction time as our index of attention load. Slower reactions to external stimulus events were expected if these events happen to coincide with ballistic control regimes compared to stiffness regimes, as unveiled from local features of the posturogram. Thirty-two participants stood on a force plate, and were instructed to press a hand-held button as soon as they heard a stimulus tone. About 40 stimuli were presented at random instances during a 3-min trial. Postural control regimes were characterized using sway-density analysis for each stimulus-response interval, by computing local dwell times from the corresponding center-of-pressure samples. We correlated stimulus-response durations with the corresponding local dwell times, and also with local velocity and local eccentricity (distance from the origin). As predicted, an overall negative correlation was observed, meaning that shorter dwell times are associated with longer stimulus-response intervals, as well as a positive correlation with local center-of-pressure velocity. The correlation between reaction times and local eccentricity was not significant. Thus, by mapping stimulus-response intervals to local center-of-pressure features we demonstrated attentional fluctuations in the control of quiet upright standing, thereby validating a core assumption underlying the notion of intermittent postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Stins
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melvyn Roerdink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sempere-Rubio N, López-Pascual J, Aguilar-Rodríguez M, Cortés-Amador S, Espí-López G, Villarrasa-Sapiña I, Serra-Añó P. Characterization of postural control impairment in women with fibromyalgia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196575. [PMID: 29723223 PMCID: PMC5933724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this cross-sectional study was to detect whether women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) have altered postural control and to study the sensory contribution to postural control. We also explored the possibility that self-induced anxiety and lower limb strength may be related to postural control. For this purpose, 129 women within an age range of 40 to 70 years were enrolled. Eighty of the enrolled women had FMS. Postural control variables, such as Ellipse, Root mean square (RMS) and Sample entropy (SampEn), in both directions (i.e. mediolateral and anteroposterior), were calculated under five different conditions. A force plate was used to register the center of pressure shifts. Furthermore, isometric lower limb strength was recorded with a portable dynamometer and normalized by lean body mass. The results showed that women with FMS have impaired postural control compared with healthy people, as they presented a significant increase in Ellipse and RMS values (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in SampEn in both directions (p<0.05). Postural control also worsens with the gradual alteration of sensory inputs in this population (p<0.05). Performing a stressor dual task only impacts Ellipse in women with FMS (p>0.05). There were no significant correlations between postural control and lower limb strength (p>0.05). Therefore, women with FMS have impaired postural control that is worse when sensory inputs are altered but is not correlated with their lower limb strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan López-Pascual
- Biomechanics Institute of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Gemma Espí-López
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Serra-Añó
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Villarrasa-Sapiña I, Álvarez-Pitti J, Cabeza-Ruiz R, Redón P, Lurbe E, García-Massó X. Relationship between body composition and postural control in prepubertal overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 52:1-6. [PMID: 29291461 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess body weight during childhood causes reduced motor functionality and problems in postural control, a negative influence which has been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, no information regarding the effect of body composition on the postural control of overweight and obese children is available. The objective of this study was therefore to establish these relationships. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to establish relationships between body composition and postural control variables obtained in bipedal eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions in twenty-two children. Centre of pressure signals were analysed in the temporal and frequency domains. Pearson correlations were applied to establish relationships between variables. Principal component analysis was applied to the body composition variables to avoid potential multicollinearity in the regression models. These principal components were used to perform a multiple linear regression analysis, from which regression models were obtained to predict postural control. FINDINGS Height and leg mass were the body composition variables that showed the highest correlation with postural control. Multiple regression models were also obtained and several of these models showed a higher correlation coefficient in predicting postural control than simple correlations. These models revealed that leg and trunk mass were good predictors of postural control. More equations were found in the eyes-open than eyes-closed condition. INTERPRETATION Body weight and height are negatively correlated with postural control. However, leg and trunk mass are better postural control predictors than arm or body mass. Finally, body composition variables are more useful in predicting postural control when the eyes are open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Álvarez-Pitti
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruth Cabeza-Ruiz
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pau Redón
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Empar Lurbe
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Miles-Chan JL, Dulloo AG. Posture Allocation Revisited: Breaking the Sedentary Threshold of Energy Expenditure for Obesity Management. Front Physiol 2017; 8:420. [PMID: 28690547 PMCID: PMC5479887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that low-intensity physical activities of daily life play an important role in achieving energy balance and that their societal erosion through substitution with sedentary (mostly sitting) behaviors, whether occupational or for leisure, impact importantly on the obesity epidemic. This has generated considerable interest for better monitoring, characterizing, and promoting countermeasures to sedentariness through a plethora of low-level physical activities (e.g., active workstations, standing desks, sitting breaks), amid the contention that altering posture allocation (lying, sitting, standing) can modify energy expenditure to impact upon body weight regulation and health. In addressing this contention, this paper first revisits the past and more recent literature on postural energetics, with particular emphasis on potential determinants of the large inter-individual variability in the energy cost of standing and the impact of posture on fat oxidation. It subsequently analyses the available data pertaining to various strategies by which posture allocations, coupled with light physical activity, may increase energy expenditure beyond the sedentary threshold, and their relevance as potential targets for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Medicine Physiology, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
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Hung YC, Mangiafreno M, Gill SV. Whole body organization during a symmetric bimanual pick up task in overweight and obese children. Gait Posture 2017; 52:95-99. [PMID: 27888697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Information on the effects of obesity on the biomechanics of whole body movement control in children is limited. The purpose of the current study is to test the hypothesis that during a simple pick up task, overweight and obese children will organize their whole body movements differently than those in normal weight children. Twelve children who were overweight or obese (5-13 years old) and twelve age matched normal weight children participated in the study. Children picked up an empty box to waist height at a self-selected pace while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded and analyzed using a VICON system and two AMTI force plates. The overweight and obese group showed less knee flexion in both legs, more spine flexion, and less excursion in the height of their center of mass (all Ps<0.05). However, the overweight and obese group had more anterior movement in their center of mass (P<0.05). For the center of pressure findings, the overweight and obese group had greater anterior excursion with faster average anterior moving speed and spent a longer time with the center of pressure reached forward (all Ps<0.05). These findings indicate that overweight and obese children organize their whole body movement during a simple pick up task differently with higher and more forward center of mass, quickly shifting their center of pressure anteriorly, and with a longer period of time with the center of pressure remaining forward. Their movement strategy may put them in a less stable condition and thus make them prone to losing balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Hung
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| | - Melissa Mangiafreno
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Simone V Gill
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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