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Eslami E, Siamian H, Rezaei Orimi J, Aghabeiglooei Z, Salimi-Sabour E, Amrollahi-Sharifabadi M. Pattern of bioterrorism in ancient times: lessons to be learned from the microbial and toxicological aspects. Wien Med Wochenschr 2024; 174:288-298. [PMID: 38194199 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-023-01029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The current research aimed to analyze the history of bioterrorism in antiquity and to adapt the data to modern medical knowledge. To this end, a thorough evaluation of the literature related to the ancient history of bioterrorism and modern data was done using the Web of Sciences, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results showed that knowledge of bioterrorism has existed since antiquity in different civilizations. Biological and toxicological agents were used as an instrument of legal execution, as a warfare tool in battles, or to eliminate political rivals across nations. Ancient people researched bioterrorism to apply it against enemies and at the same time provide countermeasures in favor of themselves and allies. Despite the existence of the principles of bioterrorism since ancient times, adaptation of the data to modern research can assist in planning countermeasure efforts, preventive actions, and treatments in the framework of modern counterterrorism medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Eslami
- Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hasan Siamian
- Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamal Rezaei Orimi
- Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghabeiglooei
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Salimi-Sabour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Naveed M, Javed K, Aziz T, Abid A, Rehman HM, Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF. Optimizing the resveratrol fragments for novel in silico hepatocellular carcinoma de novo drug design. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17336. [PMID: 39068301 PMCID: PMC11283494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence varies widely around the world and is impacted by factors such as the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol intake, and access to healthcare. The proteins (BRAF_human, VGFR3_human, EGFR_human and UFO_human) play a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis, which involves cell proliferation, cell growth, transmission of extracellular signals to the cell nucleus and consequently regulating many other cellular processes. Fostamatinib has been studied for its possible use in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer because it is a more convenient therapy choice for patients and has minor side effects on the human body. However, resveratrol phytochemical has been investigated for its potential use in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurological problems due to its frequently antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating characteristics, which can aid in the prevention of chronic illnesses. This study developed de novo-based fragment-optimized resveratrol (FOR), enhancing therapeutic potential and lowering toxicity. The docking study was performed with four target proteins, and the findings reveal that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 protein possessed the highest binding energy values of -7.6 kcal/mol with FOR. Additionally, it completely fulfills the criteria of drug-likeliness rules. Thus, FOR proves to be an efficient drug candidate for future in-vivo studies against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Khushbakht Javed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health Hygiene and Quality, University of Ioannina, 47132, Arta, Greece.
| | - Amina Abid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Shang P, Xu C, Dong W, Zhang X, Xia Y, Sui C, Yang C. Novel genetic alterations in liver cancer distinguish distinct clinical outcomes and combination immunotherapy responses. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416295. [PMID: 38948469 PMCID: PMC11211383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genomic profiling has revolutionized therapeutic interventions and the clinical management of liver cancer. However, pathogenetic mechanisms, molecular determinants of recurrence, and predictive biomarkers for first-line treatment (anti-PD-(L)1 plus bevacizumab) in liver cancer remain incompletely understood. Materials and methods: Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) (a 603-cancer-gene panel) was applied for the genomic profiling of 232 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 22 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients, among which 47 unresectable/metastatic HCC patients underwent anti-PD-1 plus bevacizumab therapy. Genomic alterations were estimated for their association with vascular invasion (VI), location of onset, recurrence, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and anti-PD-1 plus bevacizumab therapy response. Results: The genomic landscape exhibited that the most commonly altered genes in HCC were TP53, FAT3, PDE4DIP, KMT2C, FAT1, and MYO18A, while TP53, FAT1, FAT3, PDE4DIP, ROS1, and GALNT11 were frequently altered in ICC; notably, KRAS (18.18% vs. 1.29%) and BAP1 (13.64% vs. 1.29%) alterations were significantly more prevalent in ICC. Comparison analysis demonstrated the distinct clinicopathological/genomic characterizations between Chinese and Western HCC cohorts. Genomic profiling of HCC underlying VI showed that LDLR, MSH2, KDM5D, PDE3A, and FOXO1 were frequently altered in the VI group compared to patients without VIs. Compared to the right hepatic lobes of HCC patients, the left hepatic lobe of HCC patients had superior OS (median OS: 36.77 months vs. unreached, p < 0.05). By further comparison, Notch signaling pathway-related alterations were significantly prevalent among the right hepatic lobes of HCC patients. Of note, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that altered RB1, NOTCH3, MGA, SYNE1, and ZFHX3, as independent prognostic factors, were significantly correlated with the OS of HCC patients. Furthermore, altered LATS1 was abundantly enriched in the HCC-recurrent group, and impressively, it was independent of clinicopathological features in predicting RFS (median RFS of altered type vs. wild-type: 5.57 months vs. 22.47 months, p < 0.01). Regarding those treated HCC patients, TMB value, altered PTPRZ1, and cell cycle-related alterations were identified to be positively associated with the objective response rate (ORR), but KMT2D alterations were negatively correlated with ORR. In addition, altered KMT2D and cell cycle signaling were significantly associated with reduced and increased time to progression-free survival (PFS), respectively. Conclusion: Comprehensive genomic profiling deciphered distinct molecular characterizations underlying VI, location of onset, recurrence, and survival time in liver cancer. The identification of novel genetic predictors of response to anti-PD-1 plus bevacizumab in HCC facilitated the development of an evidence-based approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Biliary Tract Disease Center, and Cancer Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV and Clinical Research Institute, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjun Sui
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ozturk NB, Pham HN, Mouhaffel R, Ibrahim R, Alsaqa M, Gurakar A, Saberi B. A Longitudinal Analysis of Mortality Related to Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States. Viruses 2024; 16:694. [PMID: 38793576 PMCID: PMC11125803 DOI: 10.3390/v16050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contributes to the significant burden of cancer mortality in the United States (US). Despite highly efficacious antivirals, chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) remains an important cause of HCC. With advancements in therapeutic modalities, along with the aging of the population, we aimed to assess the contribution of CVH in HCC-related mortality in the US between 1999-2020. (2) Methods: We queried all deaths related to CVH and HCC in the multiple-causes-of-death files from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database between 1999-2020. Using the direct method of standardization, we adjusted all mortality information for age and compared the age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) across demographic populations and by percentile rankings of social vulnerability. Temporal shifts in mortality were quantified using log-linear regression models. (3) Results: A total of 35,030 deaths were identified between 1999-2020. The overall crude mortality increased from 0.27 in 1999 to 8.32 in 2016, followed by a slight reduction to 7.04 in 2020. The cumulative AAMR during the study period was 4.43 (95% CI, 4.39-4.48). Males (AAMR 7.70) had higher mortality rates compared to females (AAMR 1.44). Mortality was higher among Hispanic populations (AAMR 6.72) compared to non-Hispanic populations (AAMR 4.18). Higher mortality was observed in US counties categorized as the most socially vulnerable (AAMR 5.20) compared to counties that are the least socially vulnerable (AAMR 2.53), with social vulnerability accounting for 2.67 excess deaths per 1,000,000 person-years. (4) Conclusions: Our epidemiological analysis revealed an overall increase in CVH-related HCC mortality between 1999-2008, followed by a stagnation period until 2020. CVH-related HCC mortality disproportionately affected males, Hispanic populations, and Black/African American populations, Western US regions, and socially vulnerable counties. These insights can help aid in the development of strategies to target vulnerable patients, focus on preventive efforts, and allocate resources to decrease HCC-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Begum Ozturk
- Department of Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Hoang Nhat Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rama Mouhaffel
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ramzi Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Marwan Alsaqa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Ahmet Gurakar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Suite 918, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Behnam Saberi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Zhu H, Zhao S, Zhao T, Chen L, Li S, Ji K, Jiang K, Tao H, Xuan J, Yang M, Xu B, Jiang M, Wang F. Comparison of metastasis and prognosis between early-onset and late-onset hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28497. [PMID: 38689980 PMCID: PMC11059526 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a highly heterogeneous disease with variable oncogenesis mechanisms and biological features, little is understood about differences in distant metastasis (DM) and prognosis between early-onset and late-onset HCC. This study defined early-onset disease as cancer diagnosed at age younger than 50 years and aimed to present a comprehensive analysis to characterize these disparities based on age. Methods Information of HCC patients was retrospectively collected from the SEER database and our hospital. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and survival were compared between the two groups. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to adjust confounding factors. Logistic and cox analysis were utilized to explore risk factors of DM and prognosis, respectively. Besides, the survival differences were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Results In total, 19187 HCC patients obtained from the SEER database and 129 HCC patients obtained from our own center were enrolled. Among 19187 patients with HCC, 3376 were identified in the matched cohort, including 1688 early-onset patients and 1688 late-onset patients. Compared with late-onset HCC, early-onset HCC was more likely to occur in female (25.2% vs. 22.9%, P = 0.030), have large tumors (>10.0 cm, 24.1% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.000), harbor poorly differentiated/undifferentiated cancers (17.0% vs. 14.0%, P = 0.003), present advanced clinical stage (T3+T4, 33.7% vs. 28.5%; N1, 9.2% vs. 6.7%; P = 0.000), and develop DM (13.0% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.000). After adjustment for confounders by PSM, we discovered that early-onset HCC remained an independent risk factor for DM. However, combined with Kaplan-Meier curve and cox analysis, early-onset HCC was an independent favorable predictor of survival. We validated these data on an independent cohort from our hospital. Conclusion In this population-based study, despite developing DM more frequently, early-onset HCC exhibited a superior prognosis than late-onset HCC. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to understand the underlying aetiologic basis for the disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Si Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shupei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaofang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Jiang ZH, Chen QY, Jia HH, Wang XY, Zhang LJ, Huang XQ, Harrison TJ, Jackson JB, Wu L, Fang ZL. Low host immune pressure may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a longitudinal analysis of complete genomes of the HBV 1762T, 1764A mutant. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1214423. [PMID: 37681020 PMCID: PMC10481955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1214423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) double mutations (A1762T, G1764A) are an aetiological factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is unclear who is prone to develop HCC, among those infected with the mutant. Exploring HBV quasispecies, which are strongly influenced by host immune pressure, may provide more information about the association of viral factors and HCC. Materials and methods Nine HCC cases and 10 controls were selected from the Long An cohort. Serum samples were collected in 2004 and 2019 from subjects with HBV double mutations and the complete genome of HBV was amplified and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results The Shannon entropy values increased from 2004 to 2019 in most cases and controls. There was no significant difference in mean intrahost quasispecies genetic distances between cases and controls. The change in the values of mean intrahost quasispecies genetic distances of the controls between 2004 and 2019 was significantly higher than that of the cases (P<0.05). The viral loads did not differ significantly between cases and controls in 2004(p=0.086) but differed at diagnosed in 2019 (p=0.009). Three mutations occurring with increasing frequency from 2004 to 2019 were identified in the HCC cases, including nt446 C→G, nt514 A→C and nt2857T→C. Their frequency differed significantly between the cases and controls (P<0.05). Conclusions The change in the values of mean intrahost quasispecies genetic distances in HCC was smaller, suggesting that HBV in HCC cases may be subject to low host immune pressure. Increasing viral loads during long-term infection are associated with the development of HCC. The novel mutations may increase the risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qin-Yan Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Hua Jia
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu-Juan Zhang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tim J. Harrison
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Brooks Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zhong-Liao Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Nevola R, Tortorella G, Rosato V, Rinaldi L, Imbriani S, Perillo P, Mastrocinque D, La Montagna M, Russo A, Di Lorenzo G, Alfano M, Rocco M, Ricozzi C, Gjeloshi K, Sasso FC, Marfella R, Marrone A, Kondili LA, Esposito N, Claar E, Cozzolino D. Gender Differences in the Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:984. [PMID: 37508414 PMCID: PMC10376683 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Several chronic liver diseases are characterized by a clear gender disparity. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows significantly higher incidence rates in men than in women. The different epidemiological distribution of risk factors for liver disease and HCC only partially accounts for these gender differences. In fact, the liver is an organ with recognized sexual dysmorphism and is extremely sensitive to the action of androgens and estrogens. Sex hormones act by modulating the risk of developing HCC and influencing its aggressiveness, response to treatments, and prognosis. Furthermore, androgens and estrogens are able to modulate the action of other factors and cofactors of liver damage (e.g., chronic HBV infection, obesity), significantly influencing their carcinogenic power. The purpose of this review is to examine the factors related to the different gender distribution in the incidence of HCC as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, with particular reference to the central role played by sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco La Montagna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rocco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Ricozzi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Klodian Gjeloshi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ernesto Claar
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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8
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Tufail M, Wu C. Exploring the Burden of Cancer in Pakistan: An Analysis of 2019 Data. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:333-343. [PMID: 37185935 PMCID: PMC10272049 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a growing burden in Pakistan in recent times, posing a significant cause for concern. The World Health Organization has reported a steady increase in the incidence of cancer in Pakistan. According to the present study, breast cancer (24.1%), oral cavity (9.6%), colorectum (4.9%), esophagus (4.2%), and liver cancer (3.9%) were the five most prevalent cancers. Males were more likely to have oral cavity cancer (14.9%), colorectum cancer (6.8%), liver cancer (6.4%), prostate cancer (6.0%), and lung cancer (6.0%). In women (41.6%), breast (6.9%), oral cavity (5.5%), cervix (4.7%), and uterus cancer (4.1%) were the most common cancers. Middle-aged people (43.0%) were most likely to develop cancer, followed by seniors (30.0%) and adults (20.0%). Children and adolescents were most likely to develop cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), leukemia (18.7%), and Hodgkin (17.3%), followed by breast, oral cavity, colorectum, and prostate at other ages. Most patients were from Punjab (40.4%) and Sindh (32.2%). Approximately 30.0% of patients were diagnosed at stage III and stage IV. In terms of registered cases, breast cancer, oral cavity cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, and liver cancer are among the highest. In the future, this information may prove useful for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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9
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Chen YL, Hsieh CC, Chu PM, Chen JY, Huang YC, Chen CY. Roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in hepatocellular carcinoma progression (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 49:48. [PMID: 36660927 PMCID: PMC9887465 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents almost 80% of all liver cancers, is the sixth most common cancer and is the second‑highest cause of cancer‑related deaths worldwide. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which are encoded by the largest family of phosphatase genes, play critical roles in cellular responses and are implicated in various signaling pathways. Moreover, PTPs are dysregulated and involved in various cellular processes in numerous cancers, including HCC. Kinases and phosphatases are coordinators that modulate cell activities and regulate signaling responses. There are multiple interacting signaling networks, and coordination of these signaling networks in response to a stimulus determines the physiological outcome. Numerous issues, such as drug resistance and inflammatory reactions in the tumor microenvironment, are implicated in cancer progression, and the role of PTPs in these processes has not been well elucidated. Therefore, the present review focused on discussing the relationship of PTPs with inflammatory cytokines and chemotherapy/targeted drug resistance, providing detailed information on how PTPs can modulate inflammatory reactions and drug resistance to influence progression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chun Huang
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Xu FQ, Dong MM, Wang ZF, Cao LD. Metabolic rearrangements and intratumoral heterogeneity for immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083069. [PMID: 36776894 PMCID: PMC9908004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Not only is it difficult to diagnose, but treatments are scarce and the prognosis is generally poor. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Aggressive cancer cells, such as those found in HCC, undergo extensive metabolic rewiring as tumorigenesis, the unique feature, ultimately causes adaptation to the neoplastic microenvironment. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is defined as the presence of distinct genetic features and different phenotypes in the same tumoral region. ITH, a property unique to malignant cancers, results in differences in many different features of tumors, including, but not limited to, tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy, which in turn is partly responsible for metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, the different metabolic phenotypes might also activate the immune response to varying degrees and help tumor cells escape detection by the immune system. In this review, we summarize the reprogramming of glucose metabolism and tumoral heterogeneity and their associations that occur in HCC, to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms of HCC oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Qi Xu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Wang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Dong Cao
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Genomic Relevance of FGFR2 on the Prognosis of HCV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113093. [PMID: 35683481 PMCID: PMC9181427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are known to regulate cancer metabolism in different tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several risk factors are associated with HCC, of which viral infections (Hepatitis B and C) and cirrhosis are prominent. In Pakistan as well as in highly developed countries like the United States, hepatitis C virus HCV infections are most commonly reported in HCC. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of FGFR receptors in HCC and their role in HCV-positive HCC cases. 264 HCC samples along with their clinical information and 96 normal liver samples were collected. qPCR was done to estimate the expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Three independent HCV-induced HCC cohorts (containing 293 HCC samples) were used for validation. According to in vitro results, FGFR1 was upregulated in HCV+ HCC patients. However, in all three independent cohorts of HCC, significant a down-regulation of FGFR1 was observed. FGFR2 overexpression was observed in the in vitro cohort as well as in three independent HCC cohorts. Interestingly, a strong correlation of FGFR2 expression was observed between cirrhosis and HCV in all four HCC cohorts. Our study suggested that FGFR2 expression can be used to classify HCC patients based on HCV infection. This FGFR2-based classification may lead to new therapeutic strategies against HCV-positive HCC subtypes.
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12
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Shan P, Wang Z, Li J, Wei D, Zhang Z, Hao S, Hou Y, Wang Y, Li S, Wang X, Xu J. A New Nano Adjuvant of PF3 Used for an Enhanced Hepatitis B Vaccine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:903424. [PMID: 35620473 PMCID: PMC9127465 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.903424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein vaccines, with highly pure ingredients and good safety, are gradually replacing some attenuated and inactivated vaccines in clinical practice. However, since their low immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins, adjuvants are often needed to enhance immune response after vaccination. Aluminum adjuvant has been widely used in some vaccines for decades, it can induce strong humoral immunity, but the deficiency of cellular immunity limits its application for some vaccines. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop novel adjuvant to increase not only humoral but also cellular immune response. To address this, we designed and prepared a new nano adjuvant (PF3) through microfluidization by the combination of saponin (Ginsenoside Rg1) and oil-in-water nano emulsion (NE) in the present study. As compared to aluminum adjuvant, PF3 had stronger humoral and cellular immune induction effect because of high cellular uptake and activization of immune response pathways. Furthermore, PF3 showed better immune enhancement and acceptable biosafety equivalent to that of aluminum adjuvant. In addition, no obvious changes of PF3 were observed in size and zeta potential after 12 weeks storage at 4 and 37°C, demonstrating its high stability in vitro. This study provided an adjuvant platform to replace traditional aluminum adjuvant in design of recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Shan
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Jilai Li
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Duoqian Wei
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Hao
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Hou
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
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13
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Shen D, Hu W, Zhao S, Mao C. Rapid Naked-Eye Detection of a Liver Disease Biomarker by Discovering Its Monoclonal Antibody to Functionalize Engineered Red-Colored Bacteria Probes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32005-32010. [PMID: 34870023 PMCID: PMC8637970 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycocholic acid (GCA) is a biomarker for liver diseases, but few facile naked-eye detection methods have been reported to detect it till now. To tackle this challenge, we first prepared a novel monoclonal mouse antibody (mAb) of GCA by a hybridoma technique. The anti-GCA mAb exhibited high specificity, making its cross-reactivity with seven structurally and functionally related GCA analogs negligible. Using this anti-GCA mAb and an engineered red-colored bacterial strain (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus), we developed a simple naked-eye visualized method for GCA detection. Toward this goal, S. aureus bacteria were turned red by 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride treatment and heat treated to an unculturable state, rendering the bacteria as an optical detection probe powerful in in vitro diagnostics. Through the natural binding ability of protein A on the surface of S. aureus and the Fc fragment of a mouse antibody, the anti-GCA antibody was simply conjugated onto S. aureus. Then, the engineered S. aureus served as a red-colored bioprobe for detecting GCA through a coagglutination test. In the presence of GCA, the bioprobes aggregated into dense red-colored eye-visible clusters, enabling the sensitive detection of GCA with a concentration of 0.05-0.10 μg/mL. This naked-eye visualization method only takes a few minutes to detect GCA and avoids the use of expensive equipment. It represents a rapid, convenient, and simple method for detecting GCA to diagnose liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Shen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 3310, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Wei Hu
- The
People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University the First
People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 3310, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 3310, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
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14
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Kurokawa S, Tanaka T, Yamazaki H, Noguchi S, Wada Y, Nishida H, Akiyoshi H. Comparing the CT and MRI findings for canine primary hepatocellular lesions. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e1083. [PMID: 34751436 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-phase CT and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI have been used to differentiate hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in dogs. METHODS This retrospective case series aimed to compare the CT findings with MRI findings of 20 canine hepatocellular lesions, including eight poorly/moderately-differentiated HCCs, eight well-differentiated HCCs and four hyperplasias. CT data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: vessel enhancement, enhancement pattern in the equilibrium phase, maximal transverse diameter, the lowest enhancement, and the attenuation values of each hepatocellular lesion in the precontrast and triple-phase series, including the arterial phase, portal phase and equilibrium phase. MRI data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: signal intensities of each hepatocellular lesion on T2-weighted images and T1-weighted images, and signal intensity ratio of the hepatocellular lesions in the hepatobiliary phase. RESULTS In 62.5% of poorly/moderately-differentiated HCC and 75% of well-differentiated HCC, presumptive necrosis was detected on CT and MRI. In the hepatobiliary phase on MRI, the median signal intensity ratio of poorly/moderately-differentiated HCC (0.54 [range: 0.3-0.71]) was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated HCC (0.75 [range: 0.6-0.96]) and hyperplasia (0.79 [range: 071-0.98]; p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI may be a superior modality for differentiating hepatocellular origin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kurokawa
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan.,Kinki Animal Medical Training Institute & Veterinary Clinic, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Centre, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
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15
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Natarajan Y, El‐Serag HB. Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Historical Perspective. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 18:1-13. [PMID: 34745580 PMCID: PMC8555458 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Content available: Author Audio Recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Natarajan
- Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineMichael E DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Hashem B. El‐Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineMichael E DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
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16
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Amponsah-Dacosta E. Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6025-6038. [PMID: 34629817 PMCID: PMC8476331 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of viral hepatitis in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030 is an ambitious feat. However, as stated by the World Health Organization, there are unprecedented opportunities to act and make significant contributions to the elimination target. With 60 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) of whom 38800 are at risk of developing highly fatal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) every year, sub-Saharan Africa faces one of the greatest battles towards elimination of viral hepatitis. There is a need to examine progress in controlling the disproportionate burden of HBV-associated HCC in sub-Saharan Africa within the context of this elimination target. By scaling-up coverage of hepatitis B birth dose and early childhood vaccination, we can significantly reduce new cases of HCC by as much as 50% within the next three to five decades. Given the substantial reservoir of chronic HBV carriers however, projections show that HCC incidence and mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2040. This warrants urgent public health attention. The trends in the burden of HCC over the next two decades, will be determined to a large extent by progress in achieving early diagnosis and appropriate linkage to care for high-risk chronic HBV infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, Western Cape, South Africa
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17
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Premkumar M, Anand AC. Tobacco, Cigarettes, and the Liver: The Smoking Gun. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:700-712. [PMID: 34866849 PMCID: PMC8617531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between alcohol and liver disease, including alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been well described, but the same cannot be said for the association between smoking, water pipe or tobacco chewing. A review of cumulative evidence suggests that smoking is independently a risk factor for liver fibrosis and contributes to carcinogenesis in HCC. Smoking-related fibrosis has been reported in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, alcoholic liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. Heavy smoking leads to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and results in tissue hypoxia, as well as free radical damage. Other than damaging the liver, patients also suffer from the systemic effects of the 4000 chemicals associated with tobacco, which include nitrosamines, aromatic hydrocarbons, nicotine, nornicotine, and other alkaloids. These include respiratory ailments, cancer of the lungs, oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas and colon, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and stroke.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BMI, body mass index
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HR, hazard ratio
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OR, odds ratio
- RR, relative risk
- ST, smokeless tobacco
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cirrhosis
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- inflammation
- smoking
- tobacco
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil C Anand
- Department of Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
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18
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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19
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Luu HN, Behari J, Goh GBB, Wang R, Jin A, Thomas CE, Clemente JC, Odegaard AO, Koh WP, Yuan JM. Composite Score of Healthy Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:380-387. [PMID: 33187965 PMCID: PMC7867589 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the associations between individual lifestyle factors and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been described previously, their combined impact on HCC risk is unknown. METHODS The association of a composite score of healthy lifestyle factors, including body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, alternative Mediterranean diet, and sleep duration, and HCC risk was examined in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 63,257 Chinese men and women. Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to estimate HR and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Conditional logistic regression method was used to evaluate this composite lifestyle score-HCC risk association among a subset of individuals who tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C antibody. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 17.7 years, 561 participants developed HCC. Individuals with higher composite scores representing healthier lifestyles (range 0-8) were at significantly lower risk of HCC. Compared with the lowest composite score category (0-4), the HRs (95% CIs) for the composite scores of 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 0.67 (0.62-0.85), 0.61 (0.48-0.77), 0.49 (0.37-0.65), and 0.13 (0.06-0.30), respectively (P trend < 0.0001). A similar inverse association was observed in participants with negative HBsAg and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-negative serology (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19-0.79; for the highest vs. the lowest category of the composite scores; P trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyles protect against HCC development, especially for individuals without hepatitis B virus and HCV infections. IMPACT This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive lifestyle modification strategy for HCC primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung N Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George Boon-Bee Goh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire E Thomas
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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20
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Iqbal U, Jadeja RN, Khara HS, Khurana S. A Comprehensive Review Evaluating the Impact of Protein Source (Vegetarian vs. Meat Based) in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020370. [PMID: 33530344 PMCID: PMC7911290 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common neurological consequence in patients with cirrhosis and has a healthcare burden of USD 5370 to 50,120 per patient annually. HE significantly hampers the quality of life and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with cirrhosis are at a high risk for protein-calorie malnutrition due to altered metabolism. Current evidence has changed the old belief of protein restriction in patients with cirrhosis and now 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day protein intake is recommended. Case series and studies with small numbers of participants showed that a vegetarian protein diet decreases the symptoms of HE when compared to a meat-based diet, but the evidence is limited and requires further larger randomized controlled trials. However, vegetable or milk-based protein diets are good substitutes for patients averse to meat intake. Branch chain amino acids (BCAA) (leucine, isoleucine and valine) have also been shown to be effective in alleviating symptoms of HE and are recommended as an alternative therapy in patients with cirrhosis for the treatment of HE. In this review, we provide an overview of current literature evaluating the role of protein intake in the management of HE in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Iqbal
- Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (U.I.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Harshit S. Khara
- Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (U.I.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Sandeep Khurana
- Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (U.I.); (H.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-570-271-6407
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21
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He H, Ma Y, Huang H, Huang C, Chen Z, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang X, Chen J. A comprehensive understanding about the pharmacological effect of diallyl disulfide other than its anti-carcinogenic activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173803. [PMID: 33359648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an oil-soluble sulfur compound that is responsible for the biological effects of garlic, displays numerous biological activities, among which its anti-cancer activities are the most famous ones. In recent years, the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities have attracted numerous attentions. For example, it has been reported that DADS can prevent the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response and depression-like behaviors in mice. In the cardiovascular system, DADS administration was found to ameliorate the isoproterenol- or streptozotocin-induced cardiac dysfunction via the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. DADS administration can also produce neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and protect the heart, endothelium, liver, lung, and kidney against cellular or tissue damages induced by various toxic factors, such as the oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol, acetaminophen, Cis-Diammine Dichloroplatinum (CisPt), and gentamicin. The major mechanisms of action of DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment include inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Mechanisms, including the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase A (PKA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB) and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), can also mediate the cellular protective effects of DADS in different tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities, aiming to reveal more possibilities for DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Zhao Q, He Y, Wang K, Wang C, Wu H, Gao L, Hu A, Yang W, Wang S. Dairy Consumption and Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2821-2831. [PMID: 33349059 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1862255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of dairy consumption and liver cancer risk is still controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of published cohort and case-control studies to summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between dairy products consumption and the risk of liver cancer. The literatures were screened from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library before May 2020. A total of seven cohort studies and eight case-control studies (5,121 cases) were included. The summary relative risks (RRs) were 1.17 (95% CI: 0.87‒1.57) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.78‒1.51) for milk and total dairy, respectively. 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27-0.91) and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.83-1.52) were yogurt, cheese, and curd. Subgroup analysis revealed that study duration, alcohol, and design were associated the RRs. Dose-response analysis showed that the liver cancer risk was decreased by 5.4% (P for linear trend = 0.002) with a 40 g/day increment of yogurt intake. These results suggested that total dairy, milk, cheese, and curd were positive associations with the liver cancer risk although they were not statistically significant, however higher yogurt intake would reduce the risk. Further studies are necessary to verify the relationship of dairy foods with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanhan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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23
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Lin CC, Liu TW, Yeh ML, Tsai YS, Tsai PC, Huang CF, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Dai CY, Yu ML. Significant down-regulation of growth hormone receptor expression revealed as a new unfavorable prognostic factor in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:313-328. [PMID: 33317258 PMCID: PMC8046631 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Growth hormone (GH) is the main regulator of somatic growth, metabolism, and gender dimorphism in the liver. GH receptor (GHR) signaling in cancer is derived from a large body of evidence, although the GHR signaling pathway involved in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC, remains unclear. We aimed to explore the expression of GHR and analyze its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC. Methods The expression of GHR mRNA was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in paired tumors and adjacent non-tumorous (ANT) liver tissues of 200 patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays using the HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cell model was performed. Results GHR mRNA was significantly lower in HCV-HCC tissues than in corresponding ANT liver tissues. GHR mRNA and protein levels also decreased in the HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cell model. Notably, lower GHR expression was associated with age of >60 years (P=0.0111) and worse clinicopathologic characteristics, including alpha-fetoprotein >100 ng/mL (P=0.0403), cirrhosis (P=0.0075), vascular invasion (P=0.0052), pathological stage II–IV (P=0.0002), and albumin ≤4.0 g/dL (P=0.0055), which were linked with poor prognosis of HCC. Most importantly, the high incidence of recurrence and poor survival rates in patients with a low ratio of tumor/ANT GHR (≤0.1) were observed, indicating that low expression levels of GHR had great risk for development of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a significant down-regulation of GHR expression as a new unfavorable independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chih Lin
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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Yang M, Parikh ND, Liu H, Wu E, Rao H, Feng B, Lin A, Wei L, Lok AS. Incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C in China and the United States. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20922. [PMID: 33262356 PMCID: PMC7708980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States (US) and an increasingly common cause of HCC in China. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of HCC in HCV patients in the US and China. 795 HCV RNA + patients without HCC from University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) in the US and 854 from Peking University Health Sciences Center (PUHSC) in China were prospectively followed for a median of 3.2 and 4.0 years, respectively. 45.4% UMHS and 16.2% PUHSC patients had cirrhosis. 57.6% UMHS and 52.0% PUHSC patients achieved SVR. 45 UMHS and 13 PUHSC patients developed HCC. Cumulative incidence of HCC at 5 years was 7.6% in UMHS and 1.8% in PUHSC cohort (P < 0.001). Ten patients not diagnosed with cirrhosis at enrollment but median APRI ≥ 2.0 developed HCC. Multivariate analysis showed age, gender, cirrhosis and APRI were predictors of HCC while study site and SVR were not. In this study of HCV patients, HCC incidence in the PUHSC cohort was lower than in the UMHS cohort, due to lower proportion of PUHSC patients with cirrhosis. APRI can identify risk of HCC among patients not diagnosed to have cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huixin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huiying Rao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Andy Lin
- The Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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25
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Zhang W, Liu F, Huang J, Guo X, Dong W, Wei S, Li L, Zhu X, Zhou W, Liu H. Effect of menopausal status on the survival and recurrence of sex-classified hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection: a case-matched study with propensity score matching. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25895-25915. [PMID: 33232278 PMCID: PMC7803575 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of menopausal status on the prognosis for sex-classified Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish prognostic nomograms for patients after liver resection. RESULTS After propensity score matching (PSM), statistically significant differences in both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were found between men and women HCC patients. Based on Cox regression analysis, these differences were evident in the normal menstruation (N) group expanded with male patients, but not in either the expanded postmenopausal (P) or intermediate (I) groups. Sex disparity was also apparent in the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the total HCC patients. Integrated with independent factors, nomograms for the OS and RFS of the expanded N group showed higher C-indices of 0.773 and 0.724, respectively, than those of nomograms for the total patients and BCLC stage (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Sex disparity appears to affect both the survival and recurrence of HCC only in normal menstruation women and their matched men. For predicting survival, prognostic nomograms derived from the expanded N group of HCC patients were more accurate for patients with the same clinical conditions. METHODS The patients (390 females and 1920 males), who underwent curative liver resection for HCC during 2008 to 2012, were screened. The 390 women were divided into three groups: normal menstruation, intermediate, and postmenopausal. To overcome selection bias, the three groups of females were matched with males at a ratio of 1:2, using propensity score matching. Based on further Cox regression analysis, independent factors were integrated into nomograms for OS and RFS by R rms. The accuracy and discrimination of the nomograms were evaluated by the C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuxun Wei
- The First Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University and Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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26
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Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Danish outpatients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:1030-1036. [PMID: 32512015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accurate estimates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in patients with cirrhosis are important to guide surveillance strategies. We described HCC risk among outpatients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and contrasted the risk of death from HCC with the risk of death from variceal bleeding or trauma. METHODS This was a nationwide, registry-based historical cohort study between 2006 and 2018. We included all Danish outpatients with a hospital diagnosis of alcohol-related cirrhosis, except those with cancer, those with chronic viral hepatitis or autoimmune liver disease, and those older than 80 years. We followed them through 2018 and described the cumulative risk of HCC and the cumulative risk of death from HCC, variceal bleeding, or trauma. RESULTS Of the 4,553 patients included, 181 developed HCC and 2,274 died. The cumulative risk of HCC was 0.9% (95% CI 0.7-1.3) after 1 year, 3.6% (95% CI 3.0-4.2) after 5 years, and 6.0% (95% CI 5.1-7.0) after 10 years, or approximately 0.7% per year. Male sex, older age, and decompensated cirrhosis predicted a higher HCC risk. After 10 years, 6.9% of deaths in the cohort could be attributed to HCC, whereas 6.5% could be attributed to variceal bleeding, and 5.0% to trauma. CONCLUSIONS In 2006-2018, Danish outpatients with alcohol-related cirrhosis had an HCC risk of 0.7% per year, and they were nearly as likely to die from variceal bleeding or from trauma as from HCC. The implications are that many potentially harmful examinations are required for every HCC found through surveillance, so interventions targeting the prevention of other causes of death might be more cost-effective. LAY SUMMARY We described the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the most common form of liver cancer originating in the liver) in Danish outpatients with cirrhosis due to harmful alcohol consumption. Accurate data on that risk are important for patient counselling and decisions about screening for HCC. The risk was about 0.7% per year, which is lower than might be expected and suggests that many potentially harmful screening examinations are required for every HCC found through surveillance.
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Zhang C, Wang LL, Cao CY, Li N, Talukder M, Li JL. Selenium mitigates cadmium-induced crosstalk between autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress via regulating calcium homeostasis in avian leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114613. [PMID: 32504893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal and widespread in environment and food, which is adverse to human and animal health. Food intervention is a hot topic because it has no side effects. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, found in various fruits and vegetables. Many previous papers have described that Se showed ameliorative effects against Cd. However, the underlying mechanism of antagonistic effect of Se against Cd-induced cytotoxicity in avian leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells is unknown, the molecular mechanism of Se antagonistic effect on Cd-induced and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis disorder and crosstalk of ER stress and autophagy remain to be explored. In order to confirm the antagonistic effect of Se on Cd-induced LMH cell toxicity, LMH cells were treated with CdCl2 (2.5 μM) and Na2SeO3 (1.25 and 2.5 μM) for 24 h. In this study, Cd exposure induced cell death, disrupted intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+ homeostasis related regulatory factors, interfered with the cycle of cadherin (CNX)/calreticulin (CRT), and triggered ER stress and autophagy. Se intervention inhibited Cd-induced LDH release and crosstalk of ER stress and autophagy via regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Moreover, Se mitigated Cd-induced Intracellular Ca2+ overload by Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)/calmodulin kinase IV (CaMK-IV) signaling pathway. Herein, CNX/CRT cycle played a critical role for the protective effect of Se on Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Based on these findings, we demonstrated that the application of Se is beneficial for prevention and alleviation of Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medcine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan, PR China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chang-Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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28
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Wang H, Chen L, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Zeng C. Nicotine Promotes WRL68 Cells Proliferation Due to the Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function by Activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2361-2373. [PMID: 32820905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an important organ with many tasks, such as dealing with drugs, alcohol and other toxins to remove them from the body. Nicotine is the more abundant component in cigarette smoking, which is first metabolized in liver and increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Also, genotoxic potential of nicotine has been extensively studied in vitro. However, the carcinogenic action of nicotine on the HCC needs to be elucidated. The current study demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine significantly promotes human normal fetal hepatic cell line (WRL68 cells) proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner resulting from G0/G1-S-phase transition. Also remarkably, nicotine induced the level of p53 mutation at Ser249 (p53-RS). Note as well that the level of STAT1 protein was increased along with p53-RS owing to the prolonged half-life of STAT1. Furthermore, it is suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment. Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Wuhan Taisheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 10 West Yezhihu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China
| | - Canwei Zeng
- Wuhan Taisheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 10 West Yezhihu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. of China
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29
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Lee W, Kang MY, Kim J, Lim SS, Yoon JH. Cancer risk in road transportation workers: a national representative cohort study with 600,000 person-years of follow-up. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11331. [PMID: 32647239 PMCID: PMC7347601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed cancer risk in road transportation workers (RTWs) exposed to traffic air pollution and motor vehicle engine exhaust using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. RTWs were defined as individuals in the transportation workers group doing road transportation. First admission history of cancer within a 3-year wash-out period was defined as an incident case. The crude incidence, standardised incidence ratio (SIR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all cancer risk of RTWs were compared with those of government employees or the whole working population. In total, 3,074 cancer cases were found among RTWs. The respective SIRs and 95% CIs for cancers in RTWs compared with those in the whole population were as follows: liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers, 1.15 and 1.04-1.27; other digestive organ cancers, 1.28 and 1.04-1.57; trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers, 1.28 and 1.15-1.43; and bladder cancer, 1.26 and 1.03-1.52, respectively. The corresponding SIRs and 95% CIs were also higher in RTWs than in government employees. RTWs have a high risk of developing cancer, including cancer in the liver, intrahepatic bile ducts, other digestive organs, trachea, bronchus, lung, and bladder. Our results can assist in establishing prevention strategies for various cancers in RTWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Shil Lim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Anticancer and Antiangiogenic Activities of Novel α-Mangostin Glycosides in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Downregulation of c-Met and HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114043. [PMID: 32516967 PMCID: PMC7312821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, exploring effective anticancer agents and their modes of action is essential for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules, such as high solubility, stability increase, and lower toxicity. In the present study, for the first time, we evaluated the anticancer and antiangiogenic activities of α-mangostin-3-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucopyranoside (Man-3DG) and α-mangostin 6-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucopyranoside (Man-6DG), glycosides of α-mangostin, against human HCC cells. Our results demonstrated that Man-3DG and Man-6DG significantly suppressed the growth of three different HCC cells (Hep3B, Huh7, and HepG2) as well as the migration of Hep3B cells. Furthermore, they induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases and apoptotic cell death by regulating apoptosis-related proteins of mitochondria in Hep3B cells. Noticeably, Man-3DG and Man-6DG also caused autophagy, while co-treatment of the α-mangostin glycosides with an autophagy inhibitor 3-MA enhanced the inhibitory effect on Hep3B cell growth in comparison to single agent treatment. Moreover, Man-3DG and Man-6DG inhibited the c-Met signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Furthermore, the α-mangostin glycosides decreased Hep3B cell-induced angiogenesis in vitro through the downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Notably, Man-6DG more effectively inhibited the growth, tumorsphere formation, and expression of cancer stemness regulators compared to α-mangostin and Man-3DG in 3D spheroid-cultured Hep3B cells. These findings suggest that the α-mangostin glycosides might be promising anticancer agents for HCC treatment with superior pharmacological properties than the parent molecule α-mangostin.
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Li T, Zhang G, Wang L, Li S, Xu X, Gao Y. Defects in mTORC1 Network and mTORC1-STAT3 Pathway Crosstalk Contributes to Non-inflammatory Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:225. [PMID: 32363190 PMCID: PMC7182440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is frequently hyperactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cases of HCC without inflammation and cirrhosis are not rarely seen in clinics. However, the molecular basis of non-inflammatory HCC remains unclear. Methods Spontaneous non-inflammatory HCC in mice was triggered by constitutive elevation of mTORC1 by liver-specific TSC1 knockout (LTsc1KO). A multi-omics approach was utilized on tumor tissues to better understand the molecular basis for the development of HCC in the LTsc1KO model. Results We showed that LTsc1KO in mice triggered spontaneous non-inflammatory HCC, with molecular characteristics similar to those of diethylnitrosamine-mediated non-cirrhotic HCC. Mitochondrial and autophagy defects, as well as hepatic metabolic disorder were manifested in HCC development by LTsc1KO. mTORC1 activation on its own regulated an oncogenic network (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4, nuclear protein 1, and fibroblast growth factor 21), and mTORC1-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway crosstalk that altered specific metabolic pathways contributed to the development of non-inflammatory HCC. Conclusion Our findings reveal the mechanisms of mTORC1-driven non-inflammatory HCC and provide insight into further development of a protective strategy against non-inflammatory HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Susu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Ai J, Sun J, Zhou G, Zhu T, Jing L. Long non-coding RNA GAS6-AS1 acts as a ceRNA for microRNA-585, thereby increasing EIF5A2 expression and facilitating hepatocellular carcinoma oncogenicity. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:742-757. [PMID: 32089066 PMCID: PMC7145326 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1729323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA termed GAS6 antisense RNA 1 (GAS6-AS1) plays an essential role in gastric and non-small cell lung cancers. Nonetheless, the function of GAS6-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been so far studied in detail. In this study, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was performed to measure GAS6-AS1 expression in HCC samples. A series of functional experiments, including MTT assay, colony formation assay, flow-cytometric analysis, and transwell migration and invasion assays, was performed to determine the influence of GAS6-AS1 knockdown on the malignant phenotype of HCC. The results showed that GAS6-AS1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. Increased GAS6-AS1 expression was associated with tumor size, Edmondson grade, and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage among patients with HCC. The overall survival of patients with HCC characterized with high expression of GAS6-AS1 was significantly shorter in comparison to that of patients with low level of GAS6-AS1. Functional experiments indicated that knockdown of GAS6-AS1 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro; promoted apoptosis in vitro; and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Of note, GAS6-AS1 was validated as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for microRNA-585 (miR-585) and consequently increased the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2). Finally, rescue experiments confirmed the association among GAS6-AS1, miR-585, and EIF5A2 in HCC cells. Our study provides substantial evidence that the GAS6-AS1/miR-585/EIF5A2 pathway plays an important role in HCC progression and that might be considered as a potential target for therapeutic approaches in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guanhui Zhou
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tongyin Zhu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Li Jing
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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33
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Ma J. RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA LBX2-AS1 drives the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging microRNA-384 and thereby positively regulating IRS1 expression. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152903. [PMID: 32143907 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. The authors reported that the in vivo study was performed without the approval from an ethics committee. This is despite previously reporting that the in vivo experiments involved animals were approved by the Animal Care and Use Ethics Committee at their hospital. All authors have agreed to retract the article and apologise to the readership of the journal for any inconvenience caused. Further concern was raised about several figures of the article”: “A pair of flow-cytometry plots share most of their points in common, and appear to have been derived from the same data set.” The Editors of Pathology Research and Practice consider these concerns as well justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Aiyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
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34
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Matumba L, Kimanya M, Chunga-Sambo W, Munthali M, Ayalew A. Probabilistic dietary based estimation of the burden of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma among adult Malawians. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The risk of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among adults (average body weight of 60 kg) in Malawi was assessed based on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure through groundnut and maize consumption, by Monte Carlo simulation. The risk (cases per year per 100,000 people) of aflatoxin-induced HCC was estimated based on the AFB1 exposures estimated by this study and hepatitis B virus infection prevalence published for Malawi. AFB1 exposures were estimated by probabilistically combining data of AFB1 contamination in 338 groundnut and 604 maize samples with data of per capita groundnut and maize consumption in 274 households. Aflatoxins in the samples were analysed using validated LC-MS/MS, HPLC and VICAM based methods. The groundnut and maize consumption survey was based on household expenditure technique. The simulated mean AFB1 exposures through consumption of groundnuts, maize, and combination thereof were 28±65, 42±174, and 71±211 ng/kg. body weight (bw)/day, respectively. The estimated HCC risks were 1.26±2.72, 1.86±6.66 and 3.10±6.85 cases per 100,000 persons per year, respectively. Further, hypothetical eradication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reduced the risk of HCC by 78%. This reaffirms the need for integrating HBV vaccination in the fight of aflatoxin induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Matumba
- Food Technology and Nutrition Group, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, (LUANAR), NRC campus, P.O. Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - M. Kimanya
- The Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa, Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture, P.O. Box 3243, Roosevelt Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences, Nelson Mandela – African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - W. Chunga-Sambo
- The Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa, Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture, P.O. Box 3243, Roosevelt Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - M. Munthali
- Department of Agricultural Research Services, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - A. Ayalew
- The Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa, Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture, P.O. Box 3243, Roosevelt Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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35
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Lian YF, Huang YL, Wang JL, Deng MH, Xia TL, Zeng MS, Chen MS, Wang HB, Huang YH. Anillin is required for tumor growth and regulated by miR-15a/miR-16-1 in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1884-1901. [PMID: 30103211 PMCID: PMC6128427 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anillin (ANLN) is an actin-binding protein essential for assembly of cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Although reportedly overexpressed in various human cancers, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. To address this issue, we confirmed that in 436 liver samples obtained from surgically removed HCC tissues, higher ANLN expression was detected in tumor tissues than in adjacent non-tumor tissues of HCC as measured by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Correlation and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher ANLN expression were associated with worse clinical outcomes and a shorter survival time, respectively. Moreover, ANLN inhibition resulted in growth restraint, reduced colony formation, and a lower sphere number in suspension culture. Mechanistically, ANLN deficiency induced an increasing number of multinucleated cells along with the activation of apoptosis signaling and DNA damage checkpoints. Furthermore, HBV infection increased ANLN expression by inhibiting the expression of microRNA (miR)-15a and miR-16-1, both of which were identified as ANLN upstream repressors by targeting its 3’ untranslated region. Thus, we conclude that ANLN promotes tumor growth by ways of decreased apoptosis and DNA damage. Expression level of ANLN significantly influences the survival probability of HCC patients and may represent a promising prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Liang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Hai Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Liang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Bai J, Gao Y, Du Y, Yang X, Zhang X. MicroRNA-300 inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating CREPT/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3743-3753. [PMID: 31516587 PMCID: PMC6732999 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that altered expression levels of microRNA-300 (miR-300) are associated with tumor progression; however, little is understood regarding the role of miR-300 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to investigate the expression, biological function and potential regulatory mechanism of miR-300 in HCC. A miR-300 mimic and miR-300 inhibitor were transfected into liver cancer cells using RNAiMAX reagent. The expression levels of miR and mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. Cell growth was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, a colony formation assay and cell cycle assay. miRNA targeting sites were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that miR-300 expression was significantly decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines. In vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-300 could inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle progression of liver cancer cells. By contrast, inhibition of miR-300 was associated with increased rates of cell proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle progression. Notably, regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1B (CREPT) was identified as a putative target gene of miR-300 by bioinformatics analysis. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-300 directly targets the 3′-untranslated region of CREPT. Further data demonstrated that miR-300 can regulate CREPT expression levels in liver cancer cells. Notably, miR-300 was identified to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in liver cancer cells. The restoration of CREPT expression partially reversed the antitumor effect of miR-300. In conclusion, the current results revealed a tumor suppressive role of miR-300 in HCC and indicated that the underlying mechanism was associated with a regulation of CREPT. The present study suggests that miR-300 and CREPT may serve as potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Bai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Gao
- Quality Control Office, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Du
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Thyroid Head and Neck Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Zhang
- Nursing College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
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37
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Ji H, Zhou Y, Zhuang X, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Lu Y, Li S, Zeng Y, Lu QR, Huo Y, Shi Y, Bu H. HDAC3 Deficiency Promotes Liver Cancer through a Defect in H3K9ac/H3K9me3 Transition. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3676-3688. [PMID: 31097476 PMCID: PMC6679938 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage triggers diverse cancers, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the intrinsic link between DNA damage and tumorigenesis remains unclear. Because of its role as an epigenetic and transcriptional regulator, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is essential for DNA damage control and is often aberrantly expressed in human HCC. In this study, we used individual class I HDAC member-deficient mice to demonstrate that K9 in histone H3 (H3K9), which is the critical site for the assembly of DNA damage response complexes, is exclusively targeted by HDAC3. Ablation of HDAC3 disrupted the deacetylation and consequent trimethylation of H3K9 (H3K9me3), the first step in double-strand break repair, and led to the accumulation of damaged DNA. Simultaneously, hyperacetylated H3K9 (H3K9ac) served as a transcriptional activator and enhanced multiple signaling pathways to promote tumorigenesis. Together, these results show that HDAC3 targets the H3K9ac/H3K9me3 transition to serve as a critical regulator that controls both DNA damage repair and the transcription of many tumor-related genes. Moreover, these findings provide novel insights into the link between DNA damage and transcriptional reprogramming in tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that HDAC3 exclusively regulates H3K9ac in response to DNA damage, and loss of HDAC3 activity shifts the balance from DNA damage control to protumorigenic transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Ji
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yannrong Lu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver and Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing R Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yanying Huo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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38
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Grotto RMT, Santos FM, Picelli N, Silva GF, Ferrasi AC, Sarnighausen VCR, Pardini MIDMC. HPA-1a/1b could be considered a molecular predictor of poor prognosis in chronic hepatitis C. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20170427. [PMID: 31271612 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0427-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HPA polymorphism has been associated with HCV presence and fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. However, it is unknown if there is an association between HPA-1 polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HPA-1 polymorphism in the presence of HCC. METHODS PCR-SSP was used to perform HPA genotyping on 76 HCV-infected patients. RESULTS There was no association between patients with and without HCC. There was significant difference in HPA-1 genotypic frequency distribution between HCC and F1/F2 fibrosis degree. CONCLUSIONS The HPA-1a/1b polymorphism appears to be more associated with liver damage progression than with HCC presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Francielle Martins Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Natália Picelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriana Camargo Ferrasi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Inês de Moura Campos Pardini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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39
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Dou L, Liang HF, Yang HY, Ji R, Chen YF, Chen XP. Clinical Value of Trans-parenchymal Compressing Suture to Decrease the Cutting Surface Related Complications after Non-anatomical Liver Resection. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:270-277. [PMID: 31016521 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-anatomical liver resection with appropriate resection margin is regarded as a potential curative treatment for selected major hepatic carcinoma due to preserving maximal normal liver, especially in cirrhotic patients. But occurrence of cutting surface related complications becomes a main challenge. From June 2010 to June 2016, 448 patients with major hepatic carcinoma received non-anatomical liver resection in our liver surgery center. After excluding 66 cases that were incongruent with the purpose of study, 235 patients undergoing transparenchymal compressing suture (TCS) to "not good" cutting surface were allocated as study group; 147 patients with exposed surface (ES) were matched as control group. The characteristics of postoperative drainage, postoperative hepatic and renal functions, hospital days, and outcomes were collected retrospectively. We further compared cutting surface related complications under different levels of liver cirrhosis between the two groups. Compared with ES group, patients in TCS group had a decreased incidence of cutting surface related complications (14.3% vs. 6.8%, P=0.011) and a decreased probability of interventions for cutting surface related complications (8.2% vs. 3.4%, P=0.042). TCS application was much more effective to prevent cutting surface related complications in patients with moderate and severe cirrhosis (5.4% vs. 15.8%, P=0.003). Postoperative hepatic and renal function, hospital days and mortality did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, TCS decreases the probability of cutting surface related complications and postoperative interventions for related complications, especially in patients with moderate and severe cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Fang Liang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi-Fa Chen
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Stefanczyk-Sapieha L, Fainsinger RL. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Misdiagnosis or Spontaneous Remission? J Palliat Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/082585970802400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin L. Fainsinger
- Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Saeed S, Khan JA, Iqbal N, Irfan S, Shafique A, Awan S. Cancer and how the patients see it; prevalence and perception of risk factors: a cross-sectional survey from a tertiary care centre of Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:360. [PMID: 30935404 PMCID: PMC6444817 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cancer is rising but data available regarding prevalence of cancer and patient perception of the disease in Pakistan is limited. It is difficult to deal with Cancer if the main causes are negligence towards risk factors and bizarre myths. This study was aimed to investigate common cancer presentations at a government sector hospital and to gain insight into patient knowledge of the disease. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted on cancer patients from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess the norms related to cancer prevalence in our society, associated myths, and the most common risk factors per them. RESULTS A total of 402 participants consented to participate in the study (mean age 42.3 ± 15.07 years), 204(50.7%) were females and 190(47.3%) were illiterate. Biomass exposure was found in 147(37%), drug abuse in 132(33%) and smoking in 63(16%). We found 103(25.6%) had positive family histories of cancer. The most common primary tumor site was breast for females 98(48%) and Head and neck 66(33.3%) for males. Patients considered fate 328(82%), gutka 284(71%) and injuries 282(70%) as the most common causes for cancer; while 222(55.5%) considered black magic and 236(58.75%) considered evil eye as a risk factor for cancer. Cancer treatment caused significant financial stress in 376(93.5%) patients. CONCLUSION Breast and head and neck cancers were found to be prevalent among patients. It was noted that patients are negligent in daily life regarding the consumption of substances that commonly cause cancer. Individuals had diminished knowledge and majority linked cancer to unrelated causes and myths like black magic and fate. Almost all the patients complained of severe financial stress imposed by the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Saeed
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Ahmad Khan
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Iqbal
- Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. .,Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Irfan
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Safia Awan
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Effect of hepatitis B virus DNA replication level and anti-HBV therapy on microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:2. [PMID: 30679943 PMCID: PMC6341680 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for the occurrence and development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microvascular invasion (MVI) of HCC is closely related to postoperative recurrence. We aimed to investigate the effect of HBV DNA replication levels and anti-HBV treatment on the occurrence of MVI in HCC. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological data of 660 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to December 2017 is included in this study. Results This study involved a total of 660 patients with an MVI incidence rate of 46.8% (309/660). Univariate analysis revealed that positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), detectable HBV DNA load, and administration of antiviral treatment were significantly associated with the formation of MVI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis in patients with positive seral HBsAg showed that detectable HBV DNA load (OR = 5.33, P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for MVI. Antiviral treatment for more than six months (OR = 0.37, P = 0.002) was an independent protective factor against MVI. Patient groups with severe MVI had significantly higher rates of HBV infection (P = 0.017), a detectable HBV DNA load (> 100 IU/ml) rate (P < 0.001), and obvious low antiviral treatment rate (P = 0.021). Conclusions HBV DNA replication level is an independent risk factors for the formation of HCC MVI, and anti-hepatitis B virus treatment has an inhibitory effect on MVI formation.
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Dar KK, Ali S, Ejaz M, Nasreen S, Ashraf N, Gillani SF, Shafi N, Safeer S, Khan MA, Andleeb S, Mughal TA. In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 79:629-638. [PMID: 31017181 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.186565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. METHODS One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 μg/μl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. RESULTS The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. CONCLUSION Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Dar
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - S Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - M Ejaz
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - S Nasreen
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - N Ashraf
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - S F Gillani
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - N Shafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - S Safeer
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - M A Khan
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan.,School of Material Science and Engineering - MSE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - S Andleeb
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
| | - T A Mughal
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan
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Stocker D, Marquez HP, Wagner MW, Raptis DA, Clavien PA, Boss A, Fischer MA, Wurnig MC. MRI texture analysis for differentiation of malignant and benign hepatocellular tumors in the non-cirrhotic liver. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00987. [PMID: 30761374 PMCID: PMC6286882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To find potentially diagnostic texture analysis (TA) features and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance (MR) TA for differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign hepatocellular tumors in the non-cirrhotic liver in an exploratory MR-study. Materials and methods 108 non-cirrhotic patients (62 female; 41.5 ± 18.3 years) undergoing preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI were retrospectively included in this multi-center-study. TA including gray-level histogram, co-occurrence and run-length matrix features (total 19 features) was performed by two independent readers. Native fat-saturated-T1w and T2w as well as arterial and portal-venous post contrast-enhanced 2D-image-slices were assessed. Conventional reading was performed by two separate independent readers. Differences in TA features between HCC and benign lesions were investigated using independent sample t-tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the optimal number/combination of TA-features and diagnostic accuracy of TA analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of the better performing radiologist were compared to TA analysis. Results The highest number of significantly differing TA-features (n = 5) was found using the arterial-phase images including one gray-level histogram (skewness, p = 0.018) and four run-length matrix features (all, p < 0.02). The optimal binary logistic regression model for TA-features of the arterial-phase images contained 13 parameters with an accuracy of 84.5% (sensitivity 84.1%, specificity 84.9%) and area-under-the-curve of 0.92 (95%-confidence-interval 0.85–0.98) for diagnosis of HCC. Conventional reading yielded a significantly lower sensitivity (63.6%, p = 0.027) and no significant difference in specificity (94.6%, p = 0.289) at best. Conclusion 2D-TA of MR images is a feasible objective method that may help to distinguish HCC from benign hepatocellular tumors in the non-cirrhotic liver. Most promising results were found in TA features in the arterial phase images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stocker
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Herman P Marquez
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Matthias W Wagner
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri A Raptis
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz C Wurnig
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pragout D, Laurence V, Baffet H, Raccah-Tebeka B, Rousset-Jablonski C. [Contraception and cancer: CNGOF Contraception Guidelines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:834-844. [PMID: 30385358 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize knowledge on cancer risks related to hormonal contraception and to propose recommendations on contraception during treatment and after cancer. METHODS A systematic review of the literature about hormonal contraception and cancer was conducted on PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Overall, there is no increase in cancer (all types together) incidence or mortality among hormonal contraceptive users. Estroprogestin combined contraceptive use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (during use), and with a reduced risk of endometrial, ovarian, lymphatic or hematopoietic cancers that persist after discontinuation, and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. Information on cancer risk is part of the systematic information given to patients wishing contraception. However, these data will not influence its prescription, considering the positive risk/benefit balance in women without specific cancer risk factor. Contraception is required during and after cancer treatment in every non-menopausal woman at cancer diagnosis. Specific thromboembolic, immunologic or vomiting risks due to the oncological context should be taken into account before the contraceptive choice. All hormonal contraceptives are contra-indicated after breast cancer, regardless of the delay since treatment, hormone receptor status and histological subtype. There is no data in the literature to limit hormonal or non-hormonal contraceptive use after colorectal or thyroid cancer. There was insufficient data in the literature to propose recommendations on contraceptive choice after cervical cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, tumor of the central nervous system, or after thoracic irradiation. If an emergency contraception is needed in a woman previously treated for a hormone-sensitive cancer, a non-hormonal copper intrauterine device should be preferred. CONCLUSIONS Information on cancer risk is part of the patient's information but does not influence the prescription of contraception in the absence of any specific risk factor. Contraception should be proposed in every woman treated or previously treated for cancer. The whole context should be taken into account to choose a tailored contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pragout
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, unité d'orthogénie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - V Laurence
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - H Baffet
- Service de gynécologie médicale, orthogénie et médecine du couple, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHRU de Lille, avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - B Raccah-Tebeka
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 75019 Paris, France
| | - C Rousset-Jablonski
- Département de chirurgie, centre de lutte contre le cancer Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France; Service de chirurgie gynécologique et oncologique - obstétrique, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France.
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The Potential Role of TNF-α (rs361525 and rs1800629) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multivariate Analysis (Meta-Analysis). J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:744-749. [PMID: 30027452 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor-α has been suggested to play a crucial role in the development andprogression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous reports have indicated that rs361525 and rs1800629 might be risk factors for various cancers. Increasing studies have been conducted on the association of these two SNPs with HCC risk but the results remain inconclusive. METHODS In order to detect association between TNF- α and HCC, a meta-analysis was performed. Five studies with 541 cases and 795 controls were used for rs361525, while six studies including 925 cases and 1307 controls were collected for investigating rs1800629. The grouping of countries from data were obtained was done by Principal Coordinate Analysis plot (PCA). Moreover, association between geographical area and grouping of genotypes was determined by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). RESULTS Our meta-analysis showed that rs361525 and rs1800629 were not significantly associated with the risk of HCC. CCA analysis illustrated that there was not any correlation between genotype distribution and geographical distance for rs1800629 but there was significant correlation between genotype distribution and geographical features for rs361525. PCA analysis for both SNPs showed India and Korea were placed near each other and also China and Brazil were in same part of PCA plot. CONCLUSION To sum up, this meta-analysis suggests that the rs361525 and rs1800629 are not associated with HCC development while geographical distance effect on rs361525 genetic inheritance but not effect on rs1800629. However, it is necessary to conduct further studies with larger sample. Moreover, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions should also be considered.
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Fibrosis in metastatic lymph nodes is clinically correlated to poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29574-29586. [PMID: 30038705 PMCID: PMC6049853 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment including fibrosis has a pivotal role in cancer growth and distant metastasis. Fibrosis is a known risk factor for carcinogenesis, but its biological role in disease invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In particular, there is no report on how fibrosis of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in CRC contributes to prognosis. Methods We reviewed 94 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients with MLNs who underwent colectomy. Both the primary tumors and MLNs were analyzed for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and collagen deposition. Results Higher α-SMA expression and collagen deposition in MLNs were associated with significantly shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival in CRC patients. α-SMA expression in MLNs (HR, 1.53; p = 0.034) was independent predictive factor of overall survival in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of clinicopathological factors. In the Stage III patient subgroup, α-SMA expression in MLNs was a strong prognostic marker (HR, 3.01; p = 0.006). On the other hand, higher α-SMA expression and collagen deposition in primary tumors were associated with short overall survival, but they were not significant factors in multivariate Cox regression analyses. In MLNs, the podoplanin signals co-localized with α-SMA expression and were confirmed by the dual immunofluorescence staining, implying that the MLN stromal cells were fibroblastic reticular cells. Conclusion Both high collagen deposition and high α-SMA expression in MLNs predicted poor prognosis in CRC.
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Bahman AA, Abaza MSI, Khoushiash SI, Al-Attiyah RJ. Sequence‑dependent effect of sorafenib in combination with natural phenolic compounds on hepatic cancer cells and the possible mechanism of action. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1695-1715. [PMID: 29901131 PMCID: PMC6089756 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006 or Sora) is the first molecular targeted agent that has exhibited significant therapeutic benefits in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, not all HCC patients respond well to Sora and novel therapeutic strategies to optimize the efficacy of Sora are urgently required. Plant-based drugs have received increasing attention owing to their excellent chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive activities; they are also well tolerated, non-toxic, easily available and inexpensive. It is well known that certain biologically active natural products act synergistically with synthetic drugs used in clinical applications. The present study aimed to investigate whether a combination therapy with natural phenolic compounds (NPCs), including curcumin (Cur), quercetin (Que), kaempherol (Kmf) and resveratrol (Rsv), would allow a dose reduction of Sora without concomitant loss of its effectiveness. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanisms of this synergy were assessed. The hepatic cancer cell lines Hep3b and HepG2 were treated with Sora alone or in combination with NPCs in concomitant, sequential, and inverted sequential regimens. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of proteins associated with the cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated. NPCs markedly potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of Sora in a sequence-, type-, NPC dose- and cell line-dependent manner. Concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur [sensitization ratio (SR)=28], Kmf (SR=18) or Que (SR=8) was associated with the highest SRs in Hep3b cells. Rsv markedly potentiated the effect of Sora (SR=17) on Hep3b cells when administered in a reverse sequential manner. By contrast, Rsv and Que did not improve the efficacy of Sora against HepG2 cells, while concomitant treatment with Cur (SR=10) or Kmf (SR=4.01) potentiated the cytotoxicity of Sora. Concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur or Kmf caused S-phase and G2/M phase arrest of liver cancer cells and markedly induced apoptosis compared with mono-treatment with Sora, Cur or Kmf. Concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur reduced the protein levels of cyclins A, B2 and D1, phosphorylated retinoblastoma and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) extra-large protein. By contrast, Sora and Cur co-treatment increased the protein levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur or Kmf appears to be a potent and promising therapeutic approach that may control hepatic cancer by triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additional studies are required to examine the potential of combined treatment with Sora and NPCs in human hepatic cancer and other solid tumor types in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed A Bahman
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Salah I Abaza
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
| | - Sarah I Khoushiash
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
| | - Rajaa J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
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Abdel-Hamid M, Elshaer S, Darwish A. Association of MicroRNA related single nucleotide polymorphisms 196A-2 and 499 with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Ram AK, Pottakat B, Vairappan B. Increased systemic zonula occludens 1 associated with inflammation and independent biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:572. [PMID: 29776350 PMCID: PMC5960107 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent type of primary liver cancer, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Indeed, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Previous studies have shown evidence that tight junction (TJ) components were correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor development. Our aims were to determine the serum levels of tight junction protein Zonula Occludens (ZO)-1 and an inflammatory marker such as high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in HCC patients compared to healthy volunteers and also to identify the association between ZO-1 and inflammation in HCC. Methods Thirty HCC patients and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited in the current study. Clinical data regarding child class, BCLC staging, the number of lesions, tumor size, absence or presence of metastasis, cirrhosis and hepatitis infection were also collected in HCC patients. Plasma ZO-1 and serum hsCRP were analyzed by EIA and ELISA respectively and biochemical parameters by autoanalyser (AU680 Beckman Coulter, USA). Furthermore, hepatic ZO-1 protein expression and tissue localization were examined. Results Compared to healthy individuals, the serum levels of bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated significantly (P < 0.0001) whilst serum albumin level was significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased in HCC patients. Furthermore, tight junction protein ZO-1 concentration was significantly elevated in HCC patients compared to control subjects (648 ± 183.8 vs. 396.4 ± 135.8 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.0001). Serum hsCRP level was also significantly increased in HCC patients compared to control subjects (17.25 ± 3.57 vs. 5.54 ± 2.62 mg/L, respectively; P < 0.0001). Moreover, decreased protein expression of ZO-1 was found in liver tissue obtained from HCC patients. Conclusion Our findings show for the first time that the systemic concentration of ZO-1 was significantly elevated in HCC patients and is positively correlated with inflammatory markers. Thus, the current study showing evidence that inflammation promotes plasma ZO-1 concentration and raises the possibility that it could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for HCC progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4484-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Ram
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Biju Pottakat
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
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