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Saibo NV, Maiti S, Boral S, Banerjee P, Kushwaha T, Inampudi KK, Goswami R, De S. The intrinsically disordered transactivation region of HOXA9 regulates its function by auto-inhibition of its DNA-binding activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132704. [PMID: 38825283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
HOXA9 transcription factor is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and is involved in the regulation of their differentiation and maturation to various blood cells. HOXA9 is linked to various leukemia and is a marker for poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This protein has a conserved DNA-binding homeodomain and a transactivation domain. We show that this N-terminal transactivation domain is intrinsically disordered and inhibits DNA-binding by the homeodomain. Using NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation, we show that the hexapeptide 197AANWLH202 in the disordered region transiently occludes the DNA-binding interface. The hexapeptide also forms a rigid segment, as determined by NMR dynamics, in an otherwise flexible disordered region. Interestingly, this hexapeptide is known to mediate the interaction of HOXA9 and its TALE partner proteins, such as PBX1, and help in cooperative DNA binding. Mutation of tryptophan to alanine in the hexapeptide abrogates the DNA-binding auto-inhibition. We propose that the disordered transactivation region plays a dual role in the regulation of HOXA9 function. In the absence of TALE partners, it inhibits DNA binding, and in the presence of TALE partners it interacts with the TALE protein and facilitates the cooperative DNA binding by the HOX-TALE complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Saibo
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Snigdha Maiti
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Soumendu Boral
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Puja Banerjee
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Tushar Kushwaha
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna K Inampudi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritobrata Goswami
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
| | - Soumya De
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB 721302, India.
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Ordoñez JF, Wollesen T. Unfolding the ventral nerve center of chaetognaths. Neural Dev 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38720353 PMCID: PMC11078758 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-024-00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chaetognaths are a clade of marine worm-like invertebrates with a heavily debated phylogenetic position. Their nervous system superficially resembles the protostome type, however, knowledge regarding the molecular processes involved in neurogenesis is lacking. To better understand these processes, we examined the expression profiles of marker genes involved in bilaterian neurogenesis during post-embryonic stages of Spadella cephaloptera. We also investigated whether the transcription factor encoding genes involved in neural patterning are regionally expressed in a staggered fashion along the mediolateral axis of the nerve cord as it has been previously demonstrated in selected vertebrate, insect, and annelid models. METHODS The expression patterns of genes involved in neural differentiation (elav), neural patterning (foxA, nkx2.2, pax6, pax3/7, and msx), and neuronal function (ChAT and VAChT) were examined in S. cephaloptera hatchlings and early juveniles using whole-mount fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy. RESULTS The Sce-elav + profile of S. cephaloptera hatchlings reveals that, within 24 h of post-embryonic development, the developing neural territories are not limited to the regions previously ascribed to the cerebral ganglion, the ventral nerve center (VNC), and the sensory organs, but also extend to previously unreported CNS domains that likely contribute to the ventral cephalic ganglia. In general, the neural patterning genes are expressed in distinct neural subpopulations of the cerebral ganglion and the VNC in hatchlings, eventually becoming broadly expressed with reduced intensity throughout the CNS in early juveniles. Neural patterning gene expression domains are also present outside the CNS, including the digestive tract and sensory organs. ChAT and VAChT domains within the CNS are predominantly observed in specific subpopulations of the VNC territory adjacent to the ventral longitudinal muscles in hatchlings. CONCLUSIONS The observed spatial expression domains of bilaterian neural marker gene homologs in S. cephaloptera suggest evolutionarily conserved roles in neurogenesis for these genes among bilaterians. Patterning genes expressed in distinct regions of the VNC do not show a staggered medial-to-lateral expression profile directly superimposable to other bilaterian models. Only when the VNC is conceptually laterally unfolded from the longitudinal muscle into a flat structure, an expression pattern bearing resemblance to the proposed conserved bilaterian mediolateral regionalization becomes noticeable. This finding supports the idea of an ancestral mediolateral patterning of the trunk nervous system in bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- June F Ordoñez
- Unit for Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Wollesen
- Unit for Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Kawamura K, Fujiwara S. The transcription factor AP2 and downstream genes shared by asexual reproduction and zooidal regeneration in the tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203885. [PMID: 38007002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial outpocketing, tunic softening, mesenchymal cell death, dedifferentiation/transdifferentiation, and resistance to environmental stress are major events that occur during asexual reproduction by budding in the tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis. To identify the molecules underlying these events and compare them with those operating in regeneration, differential gene expression profiles were developed in buds and zooids. Among approximately 40,000 contigs, 21 genes were identified as potentially being involved in asexual reproduction. Genes related to tunic softening, phagocytosis-stimulating opsonin, and stress resistance were activated in the very early stage of budding. At the later stage of budding when buds separated from the parent and entered the developmental stage, genes for cell adhesion, cell death, and differentiation were activated. The transcription factor AP2 was spatio-temporally expressed in a similar pattern to the tunic-softening gene endoglucanase (EndoG). AP2 mRNA activated EndoG when introduced into zooids by electroporation. Eight out of 21 budding-related genes were significantly activated by AP2 mRNA. Polyandrocarpa zooids possess regenerative potential other than budding. Zooidal regeneration accompanied cell death/phagocytosis, cell-cell adhesion/communication, and dedifferentiation/redifferentiation. Consistent with morphological features, eight related genes including SP8 transcription factor were activated during zooidal regeneration. Most of these genes were identical to those induced by AP2 mRNA, indicating that asexual reproduction in P. misakiensis shares AP2-regulated downstream genes with zooidal regeneration. The present results suggest that SP8 may be indispensable for both budding and regeneration and that the potential dedifferentiation-related gene SOXB1 plays a minor role in zooidal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Kawamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780, Japan.
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4
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Ji D, Shao C, Yu J, Hou Y, Gao X, Wu Y, Wang L, Chen P. FOXA1 forms biomolecular condensates that unpack condensed chromatin to function as a pioneer factor. Mol Cell 2024; 84:244-260.e7. [PMID: 38101414 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin in the nucleus, restricting the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to their target DNA sites. FOXA1 functions as a pioneer TF to bind condensed chromatin and initiate the opening of local chromatin for gene expression. However, the principles of FOXA1 recruitment and how it subsequently unpacks the condensed chromatin remain elusive. Here, we revealed that FOXA1 intrinsically forms submicron-sized condensates through its N- and C-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Notably, both IDRs enable FOXA1 to dissolve the condensed chromatin. In addition, the DNA-binding capacity of FOXA1 contributes to its ability to both form condensates and dissolve condensed chromatin. Further genome-wide investigation showed that IDRs enable FOXA1 to bind and unpack the condensed chromatin to regulate the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. This work provides a principle of how pioneer TFs function to initiate competent chromatin states using their IDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Ji
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changrong Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Juan Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaoyao Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yichuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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5
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Yang D, Li Q, Lu P, Wu D, Li W, Meng X, Xing M, Shangguan W, Chen B, Yang J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Huang DCS, Zhao Q. FOXA2 activates HIF2α expression to promote tumor progression and is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL in renal cell carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105535. [PMID: 38072043 PMCID: PMC10801253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent malignancy of the urinary system with high mortality and morbidity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC progression are still largely unknown. In this study, we identified FOXA2, a pioneer transcription factor, as a driver oncogene for RCC. We show that FOXA2 was commonly upregulated in human RCC samples and promoted RCC proliferation, as evidenced by assays of cell viability, colony formation, migratory and invasive capabilities, and stemness properties. Mechanistically, we found that FOXA2 promoted RCC cell proliferation by transcriptionally activating HIF2α expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that FOXA2 could interact with VHL (von Hippel‒Lindau), which ubiquitinated FOXA2 and controlled its protein stability in RCC cells. We showed that mutation of lysine at position 264 to arginine in FOXA2 could mostly abrogate its ubiquitination, augment its activation effect on HIF2α expression, and promote RCC proliferation in vitro and RCC progression in vivo. Importantly, elevated expression of FOXA2 in patients with RCC positively correlated with the expression of HIF2α and was associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival. Together, these findings reveal a novel role of FOXA2 in RCC development and provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of FOXA2-driven pathological processes in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qixiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongliang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjun Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Xing
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Shangguan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology and Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology and Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology and Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C S Huang
- Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Mandatori S, Liu Y, Marturia-Navarro J, Hadi M, Henriksen K, Zheng J, Rasmussen LM, Rizza S, Kaestner KH, Issazadeh-Navikas S. PRKAG2.2 is essential for FoxA1 + regulatory T cell differentiation and metabolic rewiring distinct from FoxP3 + regulatory T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj8442. [PMID: 38117896 PMCID: PMC10732530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FoxA1)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit distinct characteristics from FoxP3+ Tregs while equally effective in exerting anti-inflammatory properties. The role of FoxP3+ Tregs in vivo has been challenged, motivating a better understanding of other Tregs in modulating hyperactive immune responses. FoxA1+ Tregs are generated on activation of the transcription factor FoxA1 by interferon-β (IFNβ), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. T cell activation, expansion, and function hinge on metabolic adaptability. We demonstrated that IFNβ promotes a metabolic rearrangement of FoxA1+ Tregs by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria clearance by mitophagy. In response to IFNβ, FoxA1 induces a specific transcription variant of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) γ2 subunit, PRKAG2.2. This leads to the activation of AMPK signaling, thereby enhancing mitochondrial respiration and mitophagy by ULK1-BNIP3. This IFNβ-FoxA1-PRKAG2.2-BNIP3 axis is pivotal for their suppressive function. The involvement of PRKAG2.2 in FoxA1+ Treg, not FoxP3+ Treg differentiation, underscores the metabolic differences between Treg populations and suggests potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mandatori
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yawei Liu
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joana Marturia-Navarro
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mahdieh Hadi
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Henriksen
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jin Zheng
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Munk Rasmussen
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu X, Yan C, Chang C, Meng F, Shen W, Wang S, Zhang Y. FOXA2 Suppression by TRIM36 Exerts Anti-Tumor Role in Colorectal Cancer Via Inducing NRF2/GPX4-Regulated Ferroptosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304521. [PMID: 37875418 PMCID: PMC10724393 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor A2 (FOXA2) is a transcription factor and plays a key role in embryonic development, metabolism homeostasis and tumor cell proliferation; however, its regulatory potential in CRC is not fully understood. Here, it is found that FOXA2 expression is markedly up-regulated in tumor samples of CRC patients as compared with the normal tissues, which is closely associated with the worse survival in patients with CRC. Notably, a positive correlation between FOXA2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) gene expression is observed in CRC patients. Mechanistically, FOXA2 depletion weakens the activation of Nrf2 pathway and decreases GPX4 level in CRC cells, thereby leading to ferroptosis, which is further supported by bioinformatic analysis. More intriguingly, the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 36 (TRIM36) is identified as a key suppressor of FOXA2, and it is observed that TRIM36 can directly interact with FOXA2 and induce its K48-linked polyubiquitination, resulting in FOXA2 protein degradation in vitro. Taken together, all the studies demonstrate that FOXA2 mediated by TRIM36 promotes CRC progression by inhibiting the Nrf2/GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway, thus providing a new therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
| | - Chunli Yan
- Department of Breast Internal MedicineShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
| | - Chunxiao Chang
- Ward 2 of GastroenterologyShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
| | - Fansong Meng
- Department of Medical ManagementShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- Clinical Trial Research CenterShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Medical ManagementShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China
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Ma X, Wang J, Wang L, Yan L, Liu Y, Ma W, Ji P, Zhang L, Liu G. The Uterine Melatonergic Systems of AANAT and Melatonin Membrane Receptor 2 (MT2) Are Essential for Endometrial Receptivity and Early Implantation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087127. [PMID: 37108290 PMCID: PMC10139237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, using Aanat and Mt2 KO mice, we observed that the preservation of the melatonergic system is essential for successful early pregnancy in mice. We identified that aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), and melatonin receptor 1B (MT2) were all expressed in the uterus. Due to the relatively weak expression of MT1 compared to AANAT and MT2, this study focused on AANAT and MT2. Aanat and Mt2 KO significantly reduced the early implantation sites and the abnormal morphology of the endometrium of the uterus. Mechanistical analysis indicated that the melatonergic system is the key player in the induction of the normal nidatory estrogen (E2) response for endometrial receptivity and functions by activating the STAT signaling pathway. Its deficiency impaired the interactions between the endometrium, the placenta, and the embryo. The reduction in melatonin production caused by Aanat KO and the impairment of signal transduction caused by Mt2 KO reduced the uterine MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, resulting in a hyperproliferative endometrial epithelium. In addition, melatonergic system deficiency also increased the local immunoinflammatory reaction with elevated local proinflammatory cytokines leading to early abortion in the Mt2 KO mice compared to the WT mice. We believe that the novel data obtained from the mice might apply to other animals including humans. Further investigation into the interaction between the melatonergic system and reproductive effects in different species would be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Likai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Laiqing Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenkui Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Scienceand Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Transcriptional Profile of the Developing Subthalamic Nucleus. eNeuro 2022; 9:9/5/ENEURO.0193-22.2022. [PMID: 36257692 PMCID: PMC9581575 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0193-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, excitatory nucleus that regulates the output of basal ganglia motor circuits. The functions of the STN and its role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease are now well established. However, some basic characteristics like the developmental origin and molecular phenotype of neuronal subpopulations are still being debated. The classical model of forebrain development attributed the origin of STN within the diencephalon. Recent studies of gene expression patterns exposed shortcomings of the classical model. To accommodate these findings, the prosomeric model was developed. In this concept, STN develops within the hypothalamic primordium, which is no longer a part of the diencephalic primordium. This concept is further supported by the expression patterns of many transcription factors. It is interesting to note that many transcription factors involved in the development of the STN are also involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the study of neurodevelopmental disorders could provide us with valuable information on the roles of these transcription factors in the development and maintenance of STN phenotype. In this review, we summarize historical theories about the developmental origin of the STN and interpret the gene expression data within the prosomeric conceptual framework. Finally, we discuss the importance of neurodevelopmental disorders for the development of the STN and its potential role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Destici E, Zhu F, Tran S, Preissl S, Farah EN, Zhang Y, Hou X, Poirion OB, Lee AY, Grinstein JD, Bloomekatz J, Kim HS, Hu R, Evans SM, Ren B, Benner C, Chi NC. Human-gained heart enhancers are associated with species-specific cardiac attributes. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:830-843. [PMID: 36817700 PMCID: PMC9937543 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The heart, a vital organ which is first to develop, has adapted its size, structure and function in order to accommodate the circulatory demands for a broad range of animals. Although heart development is controlled by a relatively conserved network of transcriptional/chromatin regulators, how the human heart has evolved species-specific features to maintain adequate cardiac output and function remains to be defined. Here, we show through comparative epigenomic analysis the identification of enhancers and promoters that have gained activity in humans during cardiogenesis. These cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are associated with genes involved in heart development and function, and may account for species-specific differences between human and mouse hearts. Supporting these findings, genetic variants that are associated with human cardiac phenotypic/disease traits, particularly those differing between human and mouse, are enriched in human-gained CREs. During early stages of human cardiogenesis, these CREs are also gained within genomic loci of transcriptional regulators, potentially expanding their role in human heart development. In particular, we discovered that gained enhancers in the locus of the early human developmental regulator ZIC3 are selectively accessible within a subpopulation of mesoderm cells which exhibits cardiogenic potential, thus possibly extending the function of ZIC3 beyond its conserved left-right asymmetry role. Genetic deletion of these enhancers identified a human gained enhancer that was required for not only ZIC3 and early cardiac gene expression at the mesoderm stage but also cardiomyocyte differentiation. Overall, our results illuminate how human gained CREs may contribute to human-specific cardiac attributes, and provide insight into how transcriptional regulators may gain cardiac developmental roles through the evolutionary acquisition of enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugin Destici
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fugui Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaina Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elie N. Farah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiameng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Olivier B. Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Grinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Hong Sook Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Neil C. Chi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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11
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Orstad G, Fort G, Parnell TJ, Jones A, Stubben C, Lohman B, Gillis KL, Orellana W, Tariq R, Klingbeil O, Kaestner K, Vakoc CR, Spike BT, Snyder EL. FoxA1 and FoxA2 control growth and cellular identity in NKX2-1-positive lung adenocarcinoma. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1866-1882.e10. [PMID: 35835117 PMCID: PMC9378547 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular identity (also known as histologic transformation or lineage plasticity) can drive malignant progression and resistance to therapy in many cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The lineage-specifying transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 (FoxA1/2) control identity in NKX2-1/TTF1-negative LUAD. However, their role in NKX2-1-positive LUAD has not been systematically investigated. We find that Foxa1/2 knockout severely impairs tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven genetically engineered mouse models and human cell lines. Loss of FoxA1/2 leads to the collapse of a dual-identity state, marked by co-expression of pulmonary and gastrointestinal transcriptional programs, which has been implicated in LUAD progression. Mechanistically, FoxA1/2 loss leads to aberrant NKX2-1 activity and genomic localization, which in turn actively inhibits tumorigenesis and drives alternative cellular identity programs that are associated with non-proliferative states. This work demonstrates that FoxA1/2 expression is a lineage-specific vulnerability in NKX2-1-positive LUAD and identifies mechanisms of response and resistance to targeting FoxA1/2 in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Orstad
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gabriela Fort
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy J Parnell
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alex Jones
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brian Lohman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katherine L Gillis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Walter Orellana
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rushmeen Tariq
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Klaus Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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12
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Li J, Wu X, Ke J, Lee M, Lan Q, Li J, Yu J, Huang Y, Sun DQ, Xie R. TET1 dioxygenase is required for FOXA2-associated chromatin remodeling in pancreatic beta-cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3907. [PMID: 35798741 PMCID: PMC9263144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing knowledge of the role of epigenetic modifiers in pancreas development has exponentially increased. However, the function of TET dioxygenases in pancreatic endocrine specification remains obscure. We set out to tackle this issue using a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation system, in which TET1/TET2/TET3 triple knockout cells display severe defects in pancreatic β-cell specification. The integrative whole-genome analysis identifies unique cell-type-specific hypermethylated regions (hyper-DMRs) displaying reduced chromatin activity and remarkable enrichment of FOXA2, a pioneer transcription factor essential for pancreatic endoderm specification. Intriguingly, TET depletion leads to significant changes in FOXA2 binding at the pancreatic progenitor stage, in which gene loci with decreased FOXA2 binding feature low levels of active chromatin modifications and enriches for bHLH motifs. Transduction of full-length TET1 but not the TET1-catalytic-domain in TET-deficient cells effectively rescues β-cell differentiation accompanied by restoring PAX4 hypomethylation. Taking these findings together with the defective generation of functional β-cells upon TET1-inactivation, our study unveils an essential role of TET1-dependent demethylation in establishing β-cell identity. Moreover, we discover a physical interaction between TET1 and FOXA2 in endodermal lineage intermediates, which provides a mechanistic clue regarding the complex crosstalk between TET dioxygenases and pioneer transcription factors in epigenetic regulation during pancreas specification. Here the authors show that TET1 is required for the generation of functional insulin-producing cells, FOXA2 physically interacts with TET1 and contributes to specific recruitment of TET1 to mediate chromatin opening at the regulatory elements of pancreatic lineage determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.,Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xinwei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.,Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Ke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Minjung Lee
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingping Lan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - De-Qiang Sun
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,Cardiology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Ruiyu Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China. .,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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13
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Sahoo SS, Ramanand SG, Gao Y, Abbas A, Kumar A, Cuevas IC, Li HD, Aguilar M, Xing C, Mani RS, Castrillon DH. FOXA2 suppresses endometrial carcinogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating enhancer activity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157574. [PMID: 35703180 PMCID: PMC9197528 DOI: 10.1172/jci157574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXA2 encodes a transcription factor mutated in 10% of endometrial cancers (ECs), with a higher mutation rate in aggressive variants. FOXA2 has essential roles in embryonic and uterine development. However, FOXA2’s role in EC is incompletely understood. Functional investigations using human and mouse EC cell lines revealed that FOXA2 controls endometrial epithelial gene expression programs regulating cell proliferation, adhesion, and endometrial-epithelial transition. In live animals, conditional inactivation of Foxa2 or Pten alone in endometrial epithelium did not result in ECs, but simultaneous inactivation of both genes resulted in lethal ECs with complete penetrance, establishing potent synergism between Foxa2 and PI3K signaling. Studies in tumor-derived cell lines and organoids highlighted additional invasion and cell growth phenotypes associated with malignant transformation and identified key mediators, including Myc and Cdh1. Transcriptome and cistrome analyses revealed that FOXA2 broadly controls gene expression programs through modification of enhancer activity in addition to regulating specific target genes, rationalizing its tumor suppressor functions. By integrating results from our cell lines, organoids, animal models, and patient data, our findings demonstrated that FOXA2 is an endometrial tumor suppressor associated with aggressive disease and with shared commonalities among its roles in endometrial function and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development
| | | | | | | | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development.,Department of Bioinformatics.,Department of Population and Data Sciences
| | - Ram S Mani
- Department of Pathology.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Urology, and
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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14
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A Transcriptional Link between HER2, JAM-A and FOXA1 in Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040735. [PMID: 35203384 PMCID: PMC8870165 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is associated with aggressive disease in breast and certain other cancers. At a cellular level, the adhesion protein Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) has been reported to regulate the expression of HER3 via a transcriptional pathway involving FOXA1. Since FOXA1 is also a suggested transcription factor for HER2, this study set out to determine if JAM-A regulates HER2 expression via a similar mechanism. An integrated tripartite approach was taken, involving cellular expression studies after targeted disruption of individual players in the putative pathway, in silico identification of relevant HER2 promoter regions and, finally, interrogation of cancer patient survival databases to deconstruct functionally important links between HER2, JAM-A and FOXA1 gene expression. The outcome of these investigations revealed a unidirectional pathway in which JAM-A expression transcriptionally regulates that of HER2 by influencing the binding of FOXA1 to a specific site in the HER2 gene promoter. Moreover, a correlation between JAM-A and HER2 gene expression was identified in 75% of a sample of 40 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and coincident high mean mRNA expression of JAM-A, HER2 and FOXA1 was associated with poorer survival outcomes in HER2-positive (but not HER2-negative) patients with either breast or gastric tumors. These investigations provide the first evidence of a transcriptional pathway linking JAM-A, HER2 and FOXA1 in cancer settings, and support potential future pharmacological targeting of JAM-A as an upstream regulator of HER2.
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15
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Martinez-Ruíz GU, Morales-Sánchez A, Bhandoola A. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in thymic epithelial cells. Immunol Rev 2022; 305:43-58. [PMID: 34750841 PMCID: PMC8766885 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is required for the development of both adaptive and innate-like T cell subsets. There is keen interest in manipulating thymic function for therapeutic purposes in circumstances of autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and for purposes of immunotherapy. Within the thymus, thymic epithelial cells play essential roles in directing T cell development. Several transcription factors are known to be essential for thymic epithelial cell development and function, and a few transcription factors have been studied in considerable detail. However, the role of many other transcription factors is less well understood. Further, it is likely that roles exist for other transcription factors not yet known to be important in thymic epithelial cells. Recent progress in understanding of thymic epithelial cell heterogeneity has provided some new insight into transcriptional requirements in subtypes of thymic epithelial cells. However, it is unknown whether progenitors of thymic epithelial cells exist in the adult thymus, and consequently, developmental relationships linking putative precursors with differentiated cell types are poorly understood. While we do not presently possess a clear understanding of stage-specific requirements for transcription factors in thymic epithelial cells, new single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic technologies should enable rapid progress in this field. Here, we review our current knowledge of transcription factors involved in the development, maintenance, and function of thymic epithelial cells, and the mechanisms by which they act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ulises Martinez-Ruíz
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Morales-Sánchez
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Luo S, Xiao S, Ai Y, Wang B, Wang Y. Changes in the hepatic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aged in vitro. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1628. [PMID: 34926672 PMCID: PMC8640908 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to their multipotency and ability for self-renewal, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) hold great promise for generating hepatocytes. Previous research has successfully generated hepatocytes from early-passage [i.e., passage (P)3] hUC-MSCs; however, the populations of early-passage cells are limited, and these cells cannot produce sufficient functional hepatocytes for large-scale application in clinical therapy. Thus, a thorough investigation of the hepatic differentiation potential of in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs is needed. Methods hUC-MSCs were passaged in vitro and subcultured every 3 days up to P8, and their morphology, proliferative capacity, liver-specific marker expression, and liver function at the end of each passage were analyzed. The efficiency of the hepatogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs driven by a functional hit 1 (FH1)-based strategy at different passages was also evaluated. Results The in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs gradually displayed morphological inhomogeneity, had reduced proliferative capability, and exhibited senescent properties while maintaining adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Additionally, senescence also decreased the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in albumin (ALB) and alpha 1-antitrpsin (A1AT) in these cells and their relative protein expression, which is the marker of a mature hepatocyte. The liver function of the in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs also deteriorated gradually. Finally, the percentage of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) generated from in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs reduced significantly, and the mature hepatocyte functions, such as ALB secretion, glycogen synthesis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) intake, and indocyanine green (ICG) uptake, also changed. Conclusions hUC-MSCs possess mature hepatocytes’ specific markers and functions, which change gradually as they undergo cell senescence. Due to the loss of these properties within in vitro subcultures, the hepatic differentiation efficiency of in vitro-aged hUC-MSCs decreased dramatically in the late passage (P8). The current study provides valuable information can inform future research on liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Zhang M, Kiyono T, Aoki K, Goshima N, Kobayashi S, Hiranuma K, Shiraishi K, Saya H, Nakahara T. Development of an in vitro carcinogenesis model of human papillomavirus-induced cervical adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:904-915. [PMID: 34932848 PMCID: PMC8898731 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the second most common pathological subtype of cervical cancer after squamous cell carcinoma. It accounts for approximately 20% of cervical cancers, and the incidence has increased in the past few decades, particularly among young patients. The persistent infection of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for most cervical ADC. However, almost all available in vitro models are designed to study the carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. To gain better insights into molecular background of ADC, we aimed to establish an in vitro carcinogenesis model of ADC. We previously reported the establishment of an in vitro model for cervical squamous cell carcinoma by introducing defined viral and cellular oncogenes, HPV16 E6 and E7, c‐MYC, and activated RAS to human cervical keratinocytes. In this study, the expression of potential lineage‐specifying factors and/or SMAD4 reduction was introduced in addition to the defined four oncogenes to direct carcinogenesis toward ADC. The cell properties associated with the cell lineage were analyzed in monolayer and organoid cultures and the tumors in mouse xenografts. In the cells expressing Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), apparent changes in cell properties were observed, such as elevated expression of columnar cell markers and decreased expression of squamous cell markers. Strikingly, the histopathology of tumors expressing FOXA2 resembled cervical ADC, proposing that FOXA2 plays a vital role in dictating the histopathology of cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Zhang
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Dynamic Pharmaco-Modality Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology and Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Hiranuma
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakahara
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Bartik Z, Sillén U, Östensson M, Fransson S, Djos A, Sjöberg R, Martinsson T. A genome‑wide scan to locate regions associated with familial vesicoureteral reflux. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:92. [PMID: 34976134 PMCID: PMC8674978 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a congenital malformation carrying a high risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and, at worst, chronic renal failure. Familial clustering implies a genetic etiology, but studies during the past few decades have demonstrated a causal gene variant in <10% of patients with VUR. The aim of the present study was to search for fully or partially shared ancestral haplotypes in 14 families from south-western Sweden with at least three affected members. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism microarray was used for genotyping prior to analysis with a compatibility matching method developed in-house, and the analysis of copy number variations (CNV). No single unique haplotype was revealed to be shared by the families, thereby excluding a common ancestry and founder mutations as a probable cause of VUR. After evaluation of haplotypes shared by subsets of families, a haplotype shared by nine families was found to be of particular interest. This haplotype, located at chromosomal region 4q21.21, harbours two tentative candidate genes (bone morphogenetic protein 3 and fibroblast growth factor 5), both expressed in metanephros and with known functions during nephrogenesis. As to CNV, only one family had a specific CNV shared by all affected members. This was a focal deletion at 5q31.1 including follistatin-like 4, a gene without a previous known connection to VUR. These data demonstrated the genetic heterogeneity of VUR and indicated that an interaction of environmental and genetic factors, including non-coding and epigenetic regulators, all contribute to the complexity of VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Bartik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Uronephrology Center, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑41685 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulla Sillén
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Uronephrology Center, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑41685 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosmarie Sjöberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE‑40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Seachrist DD, Anstine LJ, Keri RA. FOXA1: A Pioneer of Nuclear Receptor Action in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205205. [PMID: 34680352 PMCID: PMC8533709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneering function of FOXA1 establishes estrogen-responsive transcriptomes in luminal breast cancer. Dysregulated FOXA1 chromatin occupancy through focal amplification, mutation, or cofactor recruitment modulates estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional programs and drives endocrine-resistant disease. However, ER is not the sole nuclear receptor (NR) expressed in breast cancers, nor is it the only NR for which FOXA1 serves as a licensing factor. Receptors for androgens, glucocorticoids, and progesterone are also found in the majority of breast cancers, and their functions are also impacted by FOXA1. These NRs interface with ER transcriptional programs and, depending on their activation level, can reprogram FOXA1-ER cistromes. Thus, NR interplay contributes to endocrine therapy response and resistance and may provide a vulnerability for future therapeutic benefit in patients. Herein, we review what is known regarding FOXA1 regulation of NR function in breast cancer in the context of cell identity, endocrine resistance, and NR crosstalk in breast cancer progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcie D. Seachrist
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Lindsey J. Anstine
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruth A. Keri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Kaygusuz SB, Arslan Ates E, Vignola ML, Volkan B, Geckinli BB, Turan S, Bereket A, Gaston-Massuet C, Guran T. Dysgenesis and Dysfunction of the Pancreas and Pituitary Due to FOXA2 Gene Defects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4142-e4154. [PMID: 33999151 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Developmental disorders of the pituitary gland leading to congenital hypopituitarism can either be isolated or associated with extrapituitary abnormalities (syndromic hypopituitarism). A large number of syndromic hypopituitarism cases are linked to mutations in transcription factors. The forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the central nervous system, foregut, and pancreatic development. OBJECTIVE This work aims to characterize 2 patients with syndromic hypopituitarism due to FOXA2 gene defects. RESULTS We report a novel heterozygous nonsense c.616C > T(p.Q206X) variant that leads to a truncated protein that lacks part of the DNA-binding domain of FOXA2, resulting in impaired transcriptional activation of the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2)-luciferase reporter. The patient is the sixth patient described in the literature with a FOXA2 mutation, and the first patient exhibiting pancreatic hypoplasia. We also report a second patient with a novel de novo 8.53 Mb deletion of 20p11.2 that encompasses FOXA2, who developed diabetes mellitus that responded to sulfonylurea treatment. CONCLUSION Our 2 cases broaden the molecular and clinical spectrum of FOXA2-related disease, reporting the first nonsense mutation and the first case of pancreatic dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sare Betul Kaygusuz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Arslan Ates
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Lillina Vignola
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Burcu Volkan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Bilge Geckinli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bereket
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Tulay Guran
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Ustkaynarca/Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Lau CI, Rowell J, Yanez DC, Solanki A, Ross S, Ono M, Crompton T. The pioneer transcription factors Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulate alternative RNA splicing during thymocyte positive selection. Development 2021; 148:dev199754. [PMID: 34323272 PMCID: PMC8353164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During positive selection at the transition from CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) to single-positive (SP) thymocyte, TCR signalling results in appropriate MHC restriction and signals for survival and progression. We show that the pioneer transcription factors Foxa1 and Foxa2 are required to regulate RNA splicing during positive selection of mouse T cells and that Foxa1 and Foxa2 have overlapping/compensatory roles. Conditional deletion of both Foxa1 and Foxa2 from DP thymocytes reduced positive selection and development of CD4SP, CD8SP and peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells. Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulated the expression of many genes encoding splicing factors and regulators, including Mbnl1, H1f0, Sf3b1, Hnrnpa1, Rnpc3, Prpf4b, Prpf40b and Snrpd3. Within the positively selecting CD69+DP cells, alternative RNA splicing was dysregulated in the double Foxa1/Foxa2 conditional knockout, leading to >850 differentially used exons. Many genes important for this stage of T-cell development (Ikzf1-3, Ptprc, Stat5a, Stat5b, Cd28, Tcf7) and splicing factors (Hnrnpab, Hnrnpa2b1, Hnrnpu, Hnrnpul1, Prpf8) showed multiple differentially used exons. Thus, Foxa1 and Foxa2 are required during positive selection to regulate alternative splicing of genes essential for T-cell development, and, by also regulating splicing of splicing factors, they exert widespread control of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C. Yanez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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22
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Pan J, Xu Z, Xu M, Lin X, Lin B, Lin M. Knockdown of Forkhead box A1 suppresses the tumorigenesis and progression of human colon cancer cells through regulating the phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt pathway. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520971453. [PMID: 33296605 PMCID: PMC7731712 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the role and the underlying mechanisms of Forkhead box A1 (encoded by FOXA1) in colon cancer. Methods We analyzed FOXA1 mRNA and protein expression in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. We also silenced FOXA1 expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion by using MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, and the Transwell assay, respectively. Results FOXA1 immunostaining was higher in colon cancer tissues than adjacent healthy tissues. FOXA1 mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in human colon cancer cells compared with a normal colonic cell line. FOXA1 expression was also significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues from TCGA data sets and was associated with worse prognosis in the R2 database. FOXA1 expression was negatively correlated with the extent of its methylation, and its knockdown reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced G2/M phase arrest in HCT116 and SW480 cells by suppressing the phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Conclusion FOXA1 may act as an oncogene in colon cancer tumorigenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Zongbin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bingqiang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Mengxin Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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23
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Theis A, Singer RA, Garofalo D, Paul A, Narayana A, Sussel L. Groucho co-repressor proteins regulate β cell development and proliferation by repressing Foxa1 in the developing mouse pancreas. Development 2021; 148:dev.192401. [PMID: 33658226 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Groucho-related genes (GRGs) are transcriptional co-repressors that are crucial for many developmental processes. Several essential pancreatic transcription factors are capable of interacting with GRGs; however, the in vivo role of GRG-mediated transcriptional repression in pancreas development is still not well understood. In this study, we used complex mouse genetics and transcriptomic analyses to determine that GRG3 is essential for β cell development, and in the absence of Grg3 there is compensatory upregulation of Grg4 Grg3/4 double mutant mice have severe dysregulation of the pancreas gene program with ectopic expression of canonical liver genes and Foxa1, a master regulator of the liver program. Neurod1, an essential β cell transcription factor and predicted target of Foxa1, becomes downregulated in Grg3/4 mutants, resulting in reduced β cell proliferation, hyperglycemia, and early lethality. These findings uncover novel functions of GRG-mediated repression during pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Theis
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth A Singer
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana Garofalo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Paul
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Graduate program in Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anila Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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24
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Relative DNA Methylation and Demethylation Efficiencies during Postnatal Liver Development Regulate Hepatitis B Virus Biosynthesis. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02148-20. [PMID: 33361417 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02148-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription and replication increase progressively throughout postnatal liver development with maximal viral biosynthesis occurring at around 4 weeks of age in the HBV transgenic mouse model of chronic infection. Increasing viral biosynthesis is associated with a corresponding progressive loss of DNA methylation. The loss of DNA methylation is associated with increasing levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) residues which correlate with increased liver-enriched pioneer transcription factor Forkhead box protein A (FoxA) RNA levels, a rapid decline in postnatal liver DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) transcripts, and a very modest reduction in ten-eleven translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenase expression. These observations are consistent with the suggestion that the balance between active HBV DNA methylation and demethylation is regulated by FoxA recruitment of Tet in the presence of declining Dnmt activity. These changes lead to demethylation of the viral genome during hepatocyte maturation with associated increases in viral biosynthesis. Consequently, manipulation of the relative activities of these two counterbalancing processes might permit the specific silencing of HBV gene expression with the loss of viral biosynthesis and the resolution of chronic HBV infections.IMPORTANCE HBV biosynthesis begins at birth and increases during early postnatal liver development in the HBV transgenic mouse model of chronic infection. The levels of viral RNA and DNA synthesis correlate with pioneer transcription factor FoxA transcript plus Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase-generated 5hmC abundance but inversely with Dnmt transcript levels and HBV DNA methylation. Together, these findings suggest that HBV DNA methylation during neonatal liver development is actively modulated by the relative contributions of FoxA-recruited Tet-mediated DNA demethylation and Dnmt-mediated DNA methylation activities. This mode of gene regulation, mediated by the loss of DNA methylation at hepatocyte-specific viral and cellular promoters, likely contributes to hepatocyte maturation during liver development in addition to the postnatal activation of HBV transcription and replication.
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25
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Gally F, Sasse SK, Kurche JS, Gruca MA, Cardwell JH, Okamoto T, Chu HW, Hou X, Poirion OB, Buchanan J, Preissl S, Ren B, Colgan SP, Dowell RD, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Gerber AN. The MUC5B-associated variant rs35705950 resides within an enhancer subject to lineage- and disease-dependent epigenetic remodeling. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144294. [PMID: 33320836 PMCID: PMC7934873 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The G/T transversion rs35705950, located approximately 3 kb upstream of the MUC5B start site, is the cardinal risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we investigate the function and chromatin structure of this –3 kb region and provide evidence that it functions as a classically defined enhancer subject to epigenetic programming. We use nascent transcript analysis to show that RNA polymerase II loads within 10 bp of the G/T transversion site, definitively establishing enhancer function for the region. By integrating Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis of fresh and cultured human airway epithelial cells with nuclease sensitivity data, we demonstrate that this region is in accessible chromatin that affects the expression of MUC5B. Through applying paired single-nucleus RNA- and ATAC-seq to frozen tissue from IPF lungs, we extend these findings directly to disease, with results indicating that epigenetic programming of the –3 kb enhancer in IPF occurs in both MUC5B-expressing and nonexpressing lineages. In aggregate, our results indicate that the MUC5B-associated variant rs35705950 resides within an enhancer that is subject to epigenetic remodeling and contributes to pathologic misexpression in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gally
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan S Kurche
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Tsukasa Okamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivier B Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and.,Computer Science, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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26
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Zhang T, Xu Y, Imai K, Fei T, Wang G, Dong B, Yu T, Satou Y, Shi W, Bao Z. A single-cell analysis of the molecular lineage of chordate embryogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc4773. [PMID: 33148647 PMCID: PMC7673699 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Progressive unfolding of gene expression cascades underlies diverse embryonic lineage development. Here, we report a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the complete and invariant embryonic cell lineage of the tunicate Ciona savignyi from fertilization to the onset of gastrulation. We reconstructed a developmental landscape of 47 cell types over eight cell cycles in the wild-type embryo and identified eight fate transformations upon fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibition. For most FGF-dependent asymmetric cell divisions, the bipotent mother cell displays the gene signature of the default daughter fate. In convergent differentiation of the two notochord lineages, we identified additional gene pathways parallel to the master regulator T/Brachyury Last, we showed that the defined Ciona cell types can be matched to E6.5-E8.5 stage mouse cell types and display conserved expression of limited number of transcription factors. This study provides a high-resolution single-cell dataset to understand chordate early embryogenesis and cell lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjiao Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Yichi Xu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kaoru Imai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tianwei Yu
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Yutaka Satou
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Weiyang Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Sexually dimorphic effects of forkhead box a2 (FOXA2) and uterine glands on decidualization and fetoplacental development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23952-23959. [PMID: 32900950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014272117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glands of the uterus are essential for pregnancy establishment. Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) is expressed specifically in the glands of the uterus and a critical regulator of glandular epithelium (GE) differentiation, development, and function. Mice with a conditional deletion of FOXA2 in the adult uterus, created using the lactotransferrin iCre (Ltf-iCre) model, have a morphologically normal uterus with glands, but lack FOXA2-dependent GE-expressed genes, such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Adult FOXA2 conditional knockout (cKO; Ltf iCre/+ Foxa2 f/f ) mice are infertile due to defective embryo implantation arising from a lack of LIF, a critical implantation factor of uterine gland origin. However, intraperitoneal injections of LIF can initiate embryo implantation in the uterus of adult FOXA2 cKO mice with pregnancies maintained to term. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FOXA2-regulated genes in the uterine glands impact development of the decidua, placenta, and fetus. On gestational day 8.5, the antimesometrial and mesometrial decidua transcriptome was noticeably altered in LIF-replaced FOXA2 cKO mice. Viable fetuses were reduced in FOXA2 cKO mice on gestational days 12.5 and 17.5. Sex-dependent differences in fetal weight, placenta histoarchitecture, and the placenta and metrial gland transcriptome were observed between control and FOXA2 cKO mice. The transcriptome of the placenta with a female fetus was considerably more altered than the placenta with a male fetus in FOXA2 cKO dams. These studies reveal previously unrecognized sexually dimorphic effects of FOXA2 and uterine glands on fetoplacental development with potential impacts on offspring health into adulthood.
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28
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Lee J, Chong T, Newmark PA. The esophageal gland mediates host immune evasion by the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19299-19309. [PMID: 32737161 PMCID: PMC7431036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006553117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that cause schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting over 200 million people. Schistosomes develop multiple body plans while navigating their complex life cycle, which involves two different hosts: a mammalian definitive host and a molluscan intermediate host. Their survival and propagation depend upon proliferation and differentiation of stem cells necessary for parasite homeostasis and reproduction. Infective larvae released from snails carry a handful of stem cells that serve as the likely source of new tissues as the parasite adapts to life inside the mammalian host; however, the role of these stem cells during this critical life cycle stage remains unclear. Here, we characterize stem cell fates during early intramammalian development. Surprisingly, we find that the esophageal gland, an accessory organ of the digestive tract, develops before the rest of the digestive system is formed and blood feeding is initiated, suggesting a role in processes beyond nutrient uptake. To explore such a role, we examine schistosomes that lack the esophageal gland due to knockdown of a forkhead-box transcription factor, Sm-foxA, which blocks development and maintenance of the esophageal gland, without affecting the development of other somatic tissues. Intriguingly, schistosomes lacking the esophageal gland die after transplantation into naive mice, but survive in immunodeficient mice lacking B cells. We show that parasites lacking the esophageal gland are unable to lyse ingested immune cells within the esophagus before passing them into the gut. These results unveil an immune-evasion mechanism mediated by the esophageal gland, which is essential for schistosome survival and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayhun Lee
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Tracy Chong
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Phillip A Newmark
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
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29
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Horisawa K, Udono M, Ueno K, Ohkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Sekiya S, Suzuki A. The Dynamics of Transcriptional Activation by Hepatic Reprogramming Factors. Mol Cell 2020; 79:660-676.e8. [PMID: 32755593 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific combinations of two transcription factors (Hnf4α plus Foxa1, Foxa2, or Foxa3) can induce direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic reprogramming are largely unknown. Here, we show that the Foxa protein family members and Hnf4α sequentially and cooperatively bind to chromatin to activate liver-specific gene expression. Although all Foxa proteins bind to and open regions of closed chromatin as pioneer factors, Foxa3 has the unique potential of transferring from the distal to proximal regions of the transcription start site of target genes, binding RNA polymerase II, and co-traversing target genes. These distinctive characteristics of Foxa3 are essential for inducing the hepatic fate in fibroblasts. Similar functional coupling of transcription factors to RNA polymerase II may occur in other contexts whereby transcriptional activation can induce cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Horisawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miyako Udono
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sekiya
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Kerschner JL, Paranjapye A, Yin S, Skander DL, Bebek G, Leir SH, Harris A. A functional genomics approach to investigate the differentiation of iPSCs into lung epithelium at air-liquid interface. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9853-9870. [PMID: 32692488 PMCID: PMC7520342 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of robust protocols to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into many human cell lineages has transformed research into the origins of human disease. The efficacy of differentiating iPSCs into specific cellular models is influenced by many factors including both intrinsic and extrinsic features. Among the most challenging models is the generation of human bronchial epithelium at air‐liquid interface (HBE‐ALI), which is the gold standard for many studies of respiratory diseases including cystic fibrosis. Here, we perform open chromatin mapping by ATAC‐seq and transcriptomics by RNA‐seq in parallel, to define the functional genomics of key stages of the iPSC to HBE‐ALI differentiation. Within open chromatin peaks, the overrepresented motifs include the architectural protein CTCF at all stages, while motifs for the FOXA pioneer and GATA factor families are seen more often at early stages, and those regulating key airway epithelial functions, such as EHF, are limited to later stages. The RNA‐seq data illustrate dynamic pathways during the iPSC to HBE‐ALI differentiation, and also the marked functional divergence of different iPSC lines at the ALI stages of differentiation. Moreover, a comparison of iPSC‐derived and lung donor‐derived HBE‐ALI cultures reveals substantial differences between these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dannielle L Skander
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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FOXA1 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Association with Clinicopathological Characteristics and EMT Markers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4234632. [PMID: 32685483 PMCID: PMC7330629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4234632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box (FOXA) family of transcription factors regulates gene expression and chromatin structure during tumorigenesis and embryonic development. Until now, the relationship between FOXA1 and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not yet been reported. Therefore, our purpose is to analyze the expression of FOXA1 in 56 NPC patients compared to 10 normal nasopharyngeal mucosae and to correlate the expression with the clinicopathological features. Besides, we investigated the association between FOXA1 and LMP1 gene expression, as well as the EMT markers namely the E-cadherin and Twist1. Among 56 NPC tissues, 34 (60.7%) cases were positive for FOXA1. Furthermore, we noticed that FOXA1 expression correlated with TNM (p = 0.037), and age at diagnosis (p = 0.05). Moreover, positive expression of FOXA1 is likely to be associated with prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival rates. On the other hand, we observed a positive association between the expression of E-cadherin and FOXA1 (p = 0.0051) whereas Twist1 correlated negatively with FOXA1 (p = 0.004). Furthermore, knowing that LMP1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NPC, we explored the association of FOXA1 with the LMP1 gene expression in both NPC cell lines and tissues. We found that, in the C666-1 which displays low levels of LMP1, the expression of FOXA1 is high, and inversely in the C15 cell line that expresses a high level of LMP1, the level of FOXA1 is low. Besides, in accordance to our results, we found that in NPC tissues there is a negative association between LMP1 and FOXA1. In conclusion, our results suggest that the overexpression of FOXA1 is associated with a nonaggressive behavior and favorable prognosis in NPC patients. FOXA1 could contribute in the EMT process through key factors as E-cadherin, Twist1, and LMP1.
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32
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Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in FOXA1 with the Progression of Genetic Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:3075837. [PMID: 32411194 PMCID: PMC7204115 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3075837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of FOXA1 gene rs12894364 and rs7144658 and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods A case-control study was conducted to select 577 cases of primary gastric cancer and 678 cases of normal control. We extracted whole blood genomic DNA and amplified the target gene fragment by PCR. The genotyping and allele was tested through a snapshot method. Results There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of genotype between the case group and control group (P > 0.05). Stratified analyses showed the SNPs were not correlated with the susceptibility of GC according to different age, gender, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking status. Conclusion There is no significant correlation between the polymorphisms of FOXA1 gene rs12894364 and rs7144658 and the risk of gastric cancer.
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Mohammed I, Al-Khawaga S, Bohanna D, Shabani A, Khan F, Love DR, Nawaz Z, Hussain K. Haploinsufficiency of the FOXA2 associated with a complex clinical phenotype. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1086. [PMID: 32277595 PMCID: PMC7284027 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few reports describing the proximal deletions of the short arm of chromosome 20, making it difficult to predict the likely consequences of these deletions. Most previously reported cases have described the association of 20p11.2 deletions with Alagille syndrome, while there are others that include phenotypes such as panhypopituitarism, craniofacial dysmorphism, polysplenia, autism, and Hirschsprung disease. Methods Molecular karyotyping, cytogenetics, and DNA sequencing were undertaken in a child to study the genetic basis of a complex phenotype consisting of craniofacial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities, ectopic inguinal testes, polysplenia, growth hormone deficiency, central hypothyroidism, and gastrointestinal system anomalies. Results We report the smallest described de novo proximal 20p11.2 deletion, which deletes only the FOXA2 leading to the above complex phenotype. Conclusions Haploinsufficiency of the FOXA2 only gene is associated with a multisystem disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Mohammed
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Bohanna
- Department of Radiology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdusamea Shabani
- Division of Pathology Genetics, Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faiyaz Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donald R Love
- Department of Radiology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zafar Nawaz
- Diagnostic Genomic Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Peng Z, Luo Y, Xiao ZY. Angiopoietin-1 accelerates Alzheimer's disease via FOXA2/PEN2/APP pathway in APP/PS1 mice. Life Sci 2020; 246:117430. [PMID: 32061671 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a regulatory angiogenesis protein and it has been found to be involved in the occurrence and progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, it was still to be addressed the distinctly role and the molecular mechanisms of Ang-1 affects Alzheimer's disease. Our data suggest that Ang-1 aggravated the accumulation of Aβ42 and cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice. The upregulation of APPβ is essential for Aβ42 production in N2a cells overexpressing the mutational human APP gene (N2a/APP695 cells), while downregulation of PEN2 could reduce APP expression. Silencing of FOXA2 lead to inhibition of APP expression, as well as decrease of Aβ42 contents. In conclusion, Ang-1 has an accelerative effect on Alzheimer's disease by increasing the secretion of Aβ42 via FOXA2/PEN2/APP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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35
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Elsayed AK, Aghadi M, Ali G, Al-Khawaga S, Hussain K, Abdelalim EM. Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (QBRIi009-A) from a patient with a heterozygous deletion of FOXA2. Stem Cell Res 2020; 42:101705. [PMID: 31991389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXA2 is a transcription factor, playing an important role during development. We established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, QBRIi009-A, using non-integrating Sendai virus from a 4-year-old boy, displaying a complex clinical phenotype. Molecular karyotyping and cytogenetics confirmed a de novo proximal 20p11.2 deletion with a reciprocal translocation between the short arm of chromosome 6 and 20. The deleted region (~969 kb) contains only one gene, FOXA2. The generated hiPSC line was fully characterized for its pluripotency and its genetic identity. This iPSC line provides a useful model to study FOXA2 role during human development and in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Aghadi
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gowher Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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36
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Ma L, Duan CC, Yang ZQ, Ding JL, Liu S, Yue ZP, Guo B. Novel insights into Dhh signaling in antler chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation: Involvement of Foxa. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6023-6031. [PMID: 31960430 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The desert hedgehog (Dhh) is crucial for spermatogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation, but little is known regarding its physiological function in cartilage. In this study, Dhh mRNA was abundant in antler chondrocytes, where it advanced cell proliferation concomitant with accelerated transition from the G1 to the S phase and induced elevation of the hypertrophic chondrocyte markers, Col X and Runx2. Silencing of Ptch1 resulted in appreciable Smo accumulation and enhanced rDhh stimulation of Smo, whose impediment by cyclopamine obscured the proliferative function of Dhh and alleviated its guidance of chondrocyte differentiation. Further analysis evidenced the noteworthy positive action of Smo in the bridging between Dhh and Gli transcription factors. Obstruction of Gli1 by GANT58 caused the failed stimulation of Col X and Runx2 by rDhh. Analogously, siRNA against Gli1-3 hindered chondrocyte differentiation in the context of rDhh. Simultaneously, Gli transcription factors mediated the regulation of Dhh on Foxa1, Foxa2, and Foxa3, whose knockdown impaired chondrocyte differentiation. Attenuation of Foxa antagonized the augmentation of Col X and Runx2 generated by rDhh. Collectively, Dhh signaling through its target Foxa appears to induce antler chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cui-Cui Duan
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Li Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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37
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Yang W, Chi Y, Meng Y, Chen Z, Xiang R, Yan H, Yang J. FAM3A plays crucial roles in controlling PDX1 and insulin expressions in pancreatic beta cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:3915-3931. [PMID: 31944392 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
So far, the mechanism that links mitochondrial dysfunction to PDX1 inhibition in the pathogenesis of pancreatic β cell dysfunction under diabetic condition remains largely unclear. This study determined the role of mitochondrial protein FAM3A in regulating PDX1 expression in pancreatic β cells using gain- and loss-of function methods in vitro and in vivo. Within pancreas, FAM3A is highly expressed in β, α, δ, and pp cells of islets. Islet FAM3A expression was correlated with insulin expression under physiological and diabetic conditions. Mice with specific knockout of FAM3A in islet β cells exhibited markedly blunted insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. FAM3A-deficient islets showed significant decrease in PDX1 expression, and insulin expression and secretion. FAM3A overexpression upregulated PDX1 and insulin expressions, and augmented insulin secretion in cultured islets and β cells. Mechanistically, FAM3A enhanced ATP production to elevate cellular Ca2+ level and promote insulin secretion. Furthermore, FAM3A-induced ATP release activated CaM to function as a co-activator of FOXA2, stimulating PDX1 gene transcription. In conclusion, FAM3A plays crucial roles in controlling PDX1 and insulin expressions in pancreatic β cells. Inhibition of FAM3A will trigger mitochondrial dysfunction to repress PDX1 and insulin expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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38
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Bulanenkova SS, Snezhkov EV, Akopov SB. SOX9 as One of the Central Units of Regulation Axis of Pancreas Embryogenesis and Cancer Progression. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416819030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Missaoui N, Chouaibi S, Limam S, Mhamdi N, Zahmoul T, Hamchi H, Mokni M, Hmissa S. Signification of forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) expression in thyroid cancers. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2019; 31:11. [PMID: 32372175 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-019-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) plays an important role in several tumors. This study investigated the potential role of FOXA1 expression in thyroid tumors. We conducted a retrospective study of 110 thyroid lesions and tumors diagnosed during 1995-2018. The expression of FOXA1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on archival material. RESULTS No FOXA1 immunostaining was observed in all cases of Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, multi-nodular goiter, and adenoma. FOXA1 expression was absent as well in all papillary and follicular carcinomas, Hurthle cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. Only three anaplastic carcinomas exhibited focally FOXA1 staining. However, FOXA1 was expressed in all medullary carcinomas. No significant correlation was found with all clinicopathological features (p > 0.05 for all). The pattern of FOXA1 staining was similar to that of calcitonin and chromogranin A (p = 0.04 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS FOXA1 is expressed mostly in all medullary thyroid carcinomas. Hence, FOXA1 could serve as an additional marker for refining the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabiha Missaoui
- Research Unit UR14ES17, Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia. .,Pathology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia. .,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Sidi Bouzid, Kairouan University, Kairouan, Tunisia. .,Pathology Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Sameh Chouaibi
- Research Unit UR14ES17, Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Limam
- Pathology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nozha Mhamdi
- Pathology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Zahmoul
- Research Unit UR14ES17, Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Pathology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Hamchi
- Research Unit UR14ES17, Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Pathology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Pathology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Hmissa
- Research Unit UR14ES17, Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Pathology Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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40
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Cernilogar FM, Hasenöder S, Wang Z, Scheibner K, Burtscher I, Sterr M, Smialowski P, Groh S, Evenroed IM, Gilfillan GD, Lickert H, Schotta G. Pre-marked chromatin and transcription factor co-binding shape the pioneering activity of Foxa2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9069-9086. [PMID: 31350899 PMCID: PMC6753583 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors (PTF) can recognize their binding sites on nucleosomal DNA and trigger chromatin opening for recruitment of other non-pioneer transcription factors. However, critical properties of PTFs are still poorly understood, such as how these transcription factors selectively recognize cell type-specific binding sites and under which conditions they can initiate chromatin remodelling. Here we show that early endoderm binding sites of the paradigm PTF Foxa2 are epigenetically primed by low levels of active chromatin modifications in embryonic stem cells (ESC). Priming of these binding sites is supported by preferential recruitment of Foxa2 to endoderm binding sites compared to lineage-inappropriate binding sites, when ectopically expressed in ESCs. We further show that binding of Foxa2 is required for chromatin opening during endoderm differentiation. However, increased chromatin accessibility was only detected on binding sites which are synergistically bound with other endoderm transcription factors. Thus, our data suggest that binding site selection of PTFs is directed by the chromatin environment and that chromatin opening requires collaboration of PTFs with additional transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M Cernilogar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hasenöder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zeyang Wang
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Smialowski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Bioinformatic Core Facility, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophia Groh
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Ida M Evenroed
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregor D Gilfillan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Munich, Germany
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41
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Kelleher AM, DeMayo FJ, Spencer TE. Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1424-1445. [PMID: 31074826 PMCID: PMC6749889 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian uteri contain glands in the endometrium that develop only or primarily after birth. Gland development or adenogenesis in the postnatal uterus is intrinsically regulated by proliferation, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and their inhibitors, as well as transcription factors, including forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1). Extrinsic factors regulating adenogenesis originate from other organs, including the ovary, pituitary, and mammary gland. The infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss observed in uterine gland knockout sheep and mouse models support a primary role for secretions and products of the glands in pregnancy success. Recent studies in mice revealed that uterine glandular epithelia govern postimplantation pregnancy establishment through effects on stromal cell decidualization and placental development. In humans, uterine glands and, by inference, their secretions and products are hypothesized to be critical for blastocyst survival and implantation as well as embryo and placental development during the first trimester before the onset of fetal-maternal circulation. A variety of hormones and other factors from the ovary, placenta, and stromal cells impact secretory function of the uterine glands during pregnancy. This review summarizes new information related to the developmental biology of uterine glands and discusses novel perspectives on their functional roles in pregnancy establishment and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kelleher
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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42
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Gouda W, Mageed L, Azmy O, Okasha A, Shaker Y, Ashour E. Association of genetic variants in IGF-1 gene with susceptibility to gestational and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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43
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Panta W, Imsoonthornruksa S, Yoisungnern T, Suksaweang S, Ketudat-Cairns M, Parnpai R. Enhanced Hepatogenic Differentiation of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Using Three-Step Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123016. [PMID: 31226809 PMCID: PMC6627410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) are an attractive source of stem cells for cell-based therapy, owing to their ability to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into all mesodermal, some neuroectodermal, and endodermal progenies, including hepatocytes. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaBu), an epigenetic regulator that directly inhibits histone deacetylase, on hepatic endodermal lineage differentiation of hWJ-MSCs. NaBu, at 1 mM, optimally promoted endodermal differentiation of hWJ-MSCs, along with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplementation. CXCR4, HNF3β, SOX17 (endodermal), and GATA6 (mesendodermal) mRNAs were also up-regulated (p < 0.001). Immunocytochemistry and a Western blot analysis of SOX17 and HNF3β confirmed that the 1 mM NaBu along with EGF and bFGF supplementation condition was appropriately pre-treated with hWJ-MSCs before hepatogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the hepatic differentiation medium with NaBu pre-treatment up-regulated hepatoblast (AFP and HNF3β) and hepatic (CK18 and ALB) markers, and increased the proportion of mature hepatocyte functions, including G6P, C/EBPα, and CYP2B6 mRNAs, glycogen storage and urea secretion. The hepatic differentiation medium with NaBu in the pre-treatment step can induce hWJ-MSC differentiation toward endodermal, hepatoblastic, and hepatic lineages. Therefore, the hepatic differentiation medium with NaBu pre-treatment for differentiating hWJ-MSCs could represent an alternative protocol for cell-based therapy and drug screening in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachira Panta
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Ton Yoisungnern
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Sanong Suksaweang
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Genetic resistance to DEHP-induced transgenerational endocrine disruption. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208371. [PMID: 31181066 PMCID: PMC6557477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) interferes with sex hormones signaling pathways (SHP). C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to 300 mg/kg/day DEHP develop a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) at adulthood, but similarly-exposed FVB/N mice are not affected. Here we aim to understand the reasons behind this drastic difference that should depend on the genome of the strain. In both backgrounds, pregnant female mice received per os either DEHP or corn oil vehicle and the male filiations were examined. Computer-assisted sperm analysis showed a DEHP-induced decreased sperm count and velocities in C57BL/6J. Sperm RNA sequencing experiments resulted in the identification of the 62 most differentially expressed RNAs. These RNAs, mainly regulated by hormones, produced strain-specific transcriptional responses to prenatal exposure to DEHP; a pool of RNAs was increased in FVB, another pool of RNAs was decreased in C57BL/6J. In FVB/N, analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) impacting SHP identified rs387782768 and rs29315913 respectively associated with absence of the Forkhead Box A3 (Foxa3) RNA and increased expression of estrogen receptor 1 variant 4 (NM_001302533) RNA. Analysis of the role of SNPs modifying SHP binding sites in function of strain-specific responses to DEHP revealed a DEHP-resistance allele in FVB/N containing an additional FOXA1-3 binding site at rs30973633 and four DEHP-induced beta-defensins (Defb42, Defb30, Defb47 and Defb48). A DEHP-susceptibility allele in C57BL/6J contained five SNPs (rs28279710, rs32977910, rs46648903, rs46677594 and rs48287999) affecting SHP and six genes (Svs2, Svs3b, Svs4, Svs3a, Svs6 and Svs5) epigenetically silenced by DEHP. Finally, targeted experiments confirmed increased methylation in the Svs3ab promoter with decreased SEMG2 persisting across generations, providing a molecular explanation for the transgenerational sperm velocity decrease found in C57BL/6J after DEHP exposure. We conclude that the existence of SNP-dependent mechanisms in FVB/N inbred mice may confer resistance to transgenerational endocrine disruption.
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TCam-2 Cells Deficient for SOX2 and FOXA2 Are Blocked in Differentiation and Maintain a Seminoma-Like Cell Fate In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050728. [PMID: 31130628 PMCID: PMC6562827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are very common in young men and can be stratified into seminomas and non-seminomas. While seminomas share a similar gene expression and epigenetic profile with primordial germ cells, the stem cell population of the non-seminomas, the embryonal carcinoma (EC), resembles malignant embryonic stem cells. Thus, ECs are able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers (teratomas) and even extra-embryonic-tissue-like cells (yolk-sac tumor, choriocarcinoma). In the last years, we demonstrated that the cellular microenvironment considerably influences the plasticity of seminomas (TCam-2 cells). Upon a microenvironment-triggered inhibition of the BMP signaling pathway in vivo (murine flank or brain), seminomatous TCam-2 cells reprogram to an EC-like cell fate. We identified SOX2 as a key factor activated upon BMP inhibition mediating the reprogramming process by regulating pluripotency, reprogramming and epigenetic factors. Indeed, CRISPR/Cas9 SOX2-deleted TCam-2 cells were able to maintain a seminoma-cell fate in vivo for about six weeks, but after six weeks in vivo still small sub-populations initiated differentiation. Closer analyses of these differentiated clusters suggested that the pioneer factor FOXA2 might be the driving force behind this induction of differentiation, since many FOXA2 interacting genes and differentiation factors like AFP, EOMES, CDX1, ALB, HAND1, DKK, DLK1, MSX1 and PITX2 were upregulated. In this study, we generated TCam-2 cells double-deficient for SOX2 and FOXA2 using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique and xenografted those cells into the flank of nude mice. Upon loss of SOX2 and FOXA2, TCam-2 maintained a seminoma cell fate for at least twelve weeks, demonstrating that both factors are key players in the reprogramming to an EC-like cell fate. Therefore, our study adds an important piece to the puzzle of GCT development and plasticity, providing interesting insights in what can be expected in a patient, when GCT cells are confronted with different microenvironments.
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Cao J, Wang X, Wang D, Ma R, Li X, Feng H, Wang J, Liu S, Wang L. PGC-1β cooperating with FOXA2 inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31007610 PMCID: PMC6458718 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among females from the worldwide cancer incidence statistics. Peroxisome gamma coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) has long been identified to be involved in this type of tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of PGC-1β in human breast cancer have not been fully understood and the function requires to be further elucidated. Methods mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1β and FOXA2 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. To further visualize the expression and localization of PGC-1β and FOXA2, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining methods were employed. The effect of PGC-1β and FOXA2 on cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by CCK8, clone formation, transwell and wound-healing assays, which has been done either with stable PGC-1β knockdown or FOXA2 overexpression in vitro. Xenografts model of nude mice were used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. In addition, proteins expression of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway involved in the regulation of breast cancer were detected by Western Blotting. Results Our results showed that PGC-1β was upregulated and FOXA2 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. These two proteins can be interacted with each other to form the complex. Also, we found the combination of PGC-1β interference with FOXA2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. We further identified that PGC-1β and FOXA2 strongly correlated with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, and they exerted their biological functions by activating this pathway. Conclusions We demonstrated that downregulation of PGC-1β combined with overexpression of FOXA2 obviously inhibited the function of breast cancer cells through regulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xi Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Danni Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Rong Ma
- 2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Huimin Feng
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jia Wang
- 2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Shihai Liu
- 3Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Libin Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
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Kelleher AM, Behura SK, Burns GW, Young SL, DeMayo FJ, Spencer TE. Integrative analysis of the forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) cistrome for the human endometrium. FASEB J 2019; 33:8543-8554. [PMID: 30951376 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900013r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pioneer forkhead box (FOX)A2 transcription factor is specifically expressed in the glands of the uterus, which are central to endometrial function and fertility. In mice, FOXA2 is a critical regulator of uterine gland development in the neonate and gland function in the adult. An integrative approach was used here to define the FOXA2 cistrome in the human endometrium. Genome-wide mapping of FOXA2 binding intervals by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed using proliferative (P)- and midsecretory (MS)-phase endometrium and integrated with the transcriptome determined by RNA sequencing. Distinctive FOXA2 binding intervals, enriched for different transcription factor binding site motifs, were detected in the P and MS endometrium. Pathway analysis revealed different biologic processes regulated by genes with FOXA2 binding intervals in the P and MS endometrium. Thus, FOXA2 is postulated to regulate gene expression in concert with other transcription factors and impact uterine gland development and function in a cycle phase-dependent manner. Analyses also identified potential FOXA2-regulated genes that influence uterine receptivity, blastocyst implantation, and stromal cell decidualization, which are key events in pregnancy establishment.-Kelleher, A. M., Behura, S. K., Burns, G. W., Young, S. L., DeMayo, F. J., Spencer, T. E. Integrative analysis of the forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) cistrome for the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kelleher
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Park YL, Kim SH, Park SY, Jung MW, Ha SY, Choi JH, Myung DS, Cho SB, Lee WS, Kim HS, Joo YE. Forkhead‑box A1 regulates tumor cell growth and predicts prognosis in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2169-2178. [PMID: 31081047 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) functions as a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene in various types of cancer; however, the distinct function of FOXA1 in colorectal cancer is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate whether FOXA1 affects the oncogenic behavior of colorectal cancer cells, and to investigate its prognostic value in colorectal cancer. The impact of FOXA1 on tumor cell behavior was investigated using small interfering RNA and the pcDNA6‑myc vector in human colorectal cancer cell lines. To investigate the role of FOXA1 in the progression of human colorectal cancer, an immunohistochemical technique was used to localize FOXA1 protein in paraffin‑embedded tissue blocks obtained from 403 patients with colorectal cancer. Tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick‑end labeling assay and Ki‑67 immunohistochemical staining, respectively. FOXA1 knockdown inhibited tumor cell invasion in colorectal cancer cells, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. FOXA1 knockdown activated cleaved caspase‑poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase, upregulated the expression of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis, and downregulated BH3 interacting domain death agonist and myeloid cell leukemia‑1, leading to the induction of apoptosis. FOXA1 knockdown increased the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of tran-scription‑3. By contrast, these results were reversed following the overexpression of FOXA1. The overexpression of FOXA1 was associated with differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, advanced tumor stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and poor survival rate. The mean Ki‑67 labeling index value of FOXA1‑positive tumors was significantly higher than that of FOXA1‑negative tumors. However, no significant association was observed between the expression of FOXA1 and the mean apoptotic index value. These results indicate that FOXA1 is associated with tumor progression via the modulation of tumor cell survival in human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501‑757, Republic of Korea
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Spencer TE, Kelleher AM, Bartol FF. Development and Function of Uterine Glands in Domestic Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:125-147. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian uteri contain glands that synthesize or transport and secrete substances into the uterine lumen. Uterine gland development, or adenogenesis, is uniquely a postnatal event in sheep and pigs and involves differentiation of glandular epithelium from luminal epithelium, followed by invagination and coiling morphogenesis throughout the stroma. Intrinsic transcription factors and extrinsic factors from the ovary and pituitary as well as the mammary gland (lactocrine) regulate uterine adenogenesis. Recurrent pregnancy loss is observed in the ovine uterine gland knockout sheep, providing unequivocal evidence that glands and their products are essential for fertility. Uterine gland hyperplasia and hypertrophy during pregnancy are controlled by sequential actions of hormones from the ovary and/or pituitary as well as the placenta. Gland-derived histotroph is transported by placental areolae for fetal growth. Increased knowledge of uterine gland biology is expected to improve pregnancy outcomes, as well as the health and productivity of mothers and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;,
| | - Andrew M. Kelleher
- Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;,
| | - Frank F. Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5517, USA
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Zheng D, McLaughlin SA, Kaestner KH, Li Z. Genetic ablation of mammary ducts through foxa1 prevents breast cancer occurrence. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:424-428. [PMID: 30906639 PMCID: PMC6405962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk reducing mastectomy is the only surgical approach for the prevention of breast cancer in women with deleterious genetic mutations or in those deemed to be at extremely high risk. However, up to 10.5% of these women still developed breast cancer. Thus, developing new strategies for complete prevention of breast cancer is imperative. Mammary ducts were ablated by mammary-specific ablation of forkhead box protein A1 (Foxa1). Mammary tumorigenesis was induced in control and mammary-specific Foxa1 knockout mice using carcinogens. No mammary tumors were observed in these knockout mice compared to four types of breast tumors induced in control mice. We present a promising novel strategy for the prevention of breast cancer by genetic ablation of mammary ducts via targeting Foxa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoshan Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sarah A McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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