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Vendrell X, de Castro P, Escrich L, Grau N, Gonzalez-Martin R, Quiñonero A, Escribá MJ, Domínguez F. Longitudinal profiling of human androgenotes through single-cell analysis unveils paternal gene expression dynamics in early embryo development. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1186-1196. [PMID: 38622061 PMCID: PMC11145015 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How do transcriptomics vary in haploid human androgenote embryos at single cell level in the first four cell cycles of embryo development? SUMMARY ANSWER Gene expression peaks at the fourth cell cycle, however some androcytes exhibit unique transcriptional behaviors. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The developmental potential of an embryo is determined by the competence of the oocyte and the sperm. However, studies of the contribution of the paternal genome using pure haploid androgenotes are very scarce. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was performed analyzing the single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of 38 androcytes obtained from 10 androgenote bioconstructs previously produced in vitro (de Castro et al., 2023). These results were analyzed through different bioinformatics software such as g: Profiler, GSEA, Cytoscape, and Reactome. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Single cell sequencing was used to obtain the transcriptomic profiles of the different androcytes. The results obtained were compared between the different cycles studied using the DESeq2 program and functional enrichment pathways using g: Profiler, Cytoscape, and Reactome. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A wave of paternally driven transcriptomic activation was found during the third-cell cycle, with 1128 upregulated and 225 downregulated genes and the fourth-cell cycle, with 1373 upregulated and 286 downregulated genes, compared to first-cell cycle androcytes. Differentially expressed routes related to cell differentiation, DNA-binding transcription, RNA biosynthesis and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory complex, and cell death were found in the third and fourth with respect to the first-cell cycle. Conversely, in the fourth cell cycle, 153 downregulated and 332 upregulated genes were found compared with third cell cycle, associated with differentially expressed processes related to E-box binding and zinc finger protein 652 (ZNF652) transcription factor. Further, significant overexpression of LEUTX, PRAMEF1, DUXA, RFPL4A, TRIM43, and ZNF675 found in androgenotes, compared to biparental embryos, highlights the paternal contributions to zygote genome activation. LARGE SCALE DATA All raw sequencing data are available through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accessions number: GSE216501. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Extrapolation of biological events from uniparental constructs to biparental embryos should be done with caution. Maternal and paternal genomes do not act independently of each other in a natural condition. The absence of one genome may affect gene transcription of the other. In this sense, the haploid condition of the bioconstructs could mask the transcriptomic patterns of the single cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results obtained demonstrated the level of involvement of the human paternal haploid genome in the early stages of embryo development as well as its evolution at the transcriptomic level, laying the groundwork for the use of these bioconstructs as reliable models to dispel doubts about the genetic role played by the paternal genome in the early cycles of embryo development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project 'PI22/00924', co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); 'A way to make Europe'. F.D. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Miguel Servet program (CPII018/00002). M.J.E. was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/00577 [M.J.E.]) and FI20/00086. P.dC. was supported by a predoctoral grant for training in research into health (PFIS PI19/00577) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. All authors declare having no conflict of interest with regard to this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vendrell
- Reproductive Genetics Department, Sistemas Genómicos-Synlab, Valencia, Spain
| | - P de Castro
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Escrich
- Embryology Department, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Grau
- Embryology Department, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Gonzalez-Martin
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Quiñonero
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Escribá
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
- Embryology Department, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Domínguez
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
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Khandani B, Movahedin M. Learning Towards Maturation of Defined Feeder-free Pluripotency Culture Systems: Lessons from Conventional Feeder-based Systems. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:484-494. [PMID: 38079087 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are widely recognized as one of the most promising types of stem cells for applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening. This is due to their unique ability to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers and their capacity for indefinite self-renewal. Initially, PSCs were cultured using animal feeder cells, but these systems presented several limitations, particularly in terms of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations. As a result, feeder-free systems were introduced as a safer alternative. However, the precise mechanisms by which feeder cells support pluripotency are not fully understood. More importantly, it has been observed that some aspects of the need for feeder cells like the optimal density and cell type can vary depending on conditions such as the developmental stage of the PSCs, phases of the culture protocol, the method used in culture for induction of pluripotency, and intrinsic variability of PSCs. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the divergent roles and necessity of feeder cells in various conditions would lead to the development of condition-specific defined feeder-free systems that resolve the failure of current feeder-free systems in some conditions. Therefore, this review aims to explore considerable feeder-related issues that can lead to the development of condition-specific feeder-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Khandani
- Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 14115111, Iran.
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Teague S, Yao L, Heemskerk I. The many dimensions of germline competence. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102259. [PMID: 37852152 PMCID: PMC11123554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cell (PGC) specification is the first step in the development of the germline. Recent work has elucidated human-mouse differences in PGC differentiation and identified cell states with enhanced competency for PGC-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation in vitro in both species. However, it remains a subject of debate how different PGC competent states in vitro relate to each other, to embryonic development, and to the origin of PGCs in vivo. Here we review recent literature on human PGCLC differentiation in the context of mouse and non-human primate models. In contrast to what was previously thought, recent work suggests human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are highly germline competent. We argue that paradoxical observations regarding the origin and signaling requirements of hPGCLCs may be due to local cell interactions. These confound assays of competence by generating endogenous signaling gradients and spatially modulating the ability to receive exogenous inductive signals. Furthermore, combinatorial signaling suggests that there is no unique germline competent state: rather than a one-dimensional spectrum of developmental progression, competence should be considered in a higher dimensional landscape of cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Teague
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - LiAng Yao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Ogawa E, Oguma Y, Kushida Y, Wakao S, Okawa K, Dezawa M. Naïve pluripotent-like characteristics of non-tumorigenic Muse cells isolated from human amniotic membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17222. [PMID: 36241699 PMCID: PMC9568515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are non-tumorigenic pluripotent-like stem cells that exhibit triploblastic differentiation and self-renewability at the single-cell level, and are collectable as pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3(+) from the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues. SSEA-3(+) cells from human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were compared with hBM-Muse cells. Similar to hBM-Muse cells, hAMSC-SSEA-3(+) cells expressed pluripotency genes (OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2), differentiated into triploblastic cells from a single cell, self-renewed, and exhibited non-tumorigenicity. Notably, however, they exhibited unique characteristics not seen in hBM-Muse cells, including higher expression of genes related to germline- and extraembryonic cell-lineages compared with those in hBM-Muse cells in single-cell RNA-sequencing; and enhanced expression of markers relevant to germline- (PRDM14, TFAP2C, and NANOS3) and extraembryonic cell- (CDX2, GCM1, and ID2) lineages when induced by cytokine subsets, suggesting a broader differentiation potential similar to naïve pluripotent stem cells. t-SNE dimensionality reduction and Gene ontology analysis visualized hAMSC-SSEA-3(+) cells comprised a large undifferentiated subpopulation between epithelial- and mesenchymal-cell states and a small mesenchymal subpopulation expressing genes relevant to the placental formation. The AM is easily accessible by noninvasive approaches. These unique cells are a potentially interesting target naïve pluripotent stem cell-like resource without tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Ogawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yo Oguma
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kana Okawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
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Zhao X, Ruan Q, Feng Y, Ruan Z, Wu Z, Shi D, Lu F. Blastocyst Stage Affects the Isolation and Culture of Buffalo Naive/Primed Embryonic Stem-Like Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-12. [PMID: 36097786 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were first identified, significant progress has been achieved. However, the establishment of buffalo ESCs (bESCs) is still unclear. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of the blastocyst stage on the isolation of bESCs. Firstly, our results indicated that the pluripotent genes were mainly expressed at the early stages of blastocyst, and the attachment and colony formation rates of bESCs derived from expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst were significantly higher than early blastocyst and blastocyst. In the meantime, bESCs showed positive alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed genes like OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, CDH1, KLF4, and TBX3. Immunofluorescence also confirmed the expression of OCT4, SOX2. Embryoid bodies expressing three marker genes were generated from the differentiation experiment, and fibroblast, epithelial, and neuron-like cells were induced. Moreover, naive-related genes KLF4, TBX3, primed-related genes FGF5, ACTA2 were expressed in the cells, but not REX-1. Immunofluorescence and western blot confirmed the FGF5 expression. Furthermore, bESCs could maintain pluripotency with the signal of LIF and bFGF. In summary, our results indicated that expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst are more suitable for bESCs isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qiuyan Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ziyun Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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6
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Romayor I, Herrera L, Burón M, Martin-Inaraja M, Prieto L, Etxaniz J, Inglés-Ferrándiz M, Pineda JR, Eguizabal C. A Comparative Study of Cell Culture Conditions during Conversion from Primed to Naive Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061358. [PMID: 35740381 PMCID: PMC9219795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represented a turning point in the stem cell research field, owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type with fewer ethical issues than human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In mice, PSCs are thought to exist in a naive state, the cell culture equivalent of the immature pre-implantation embryo, whereas in humans, PSCs are in a primed state, which is a more committed pluripotent state than a naive state. Recent studies have focused on capturing a similar cell stage in human cells. Given their earlier developmental stage and therefore lack of cell-of-origin epigenetic memory, these cells would be better candidates for further re-differentiation, use in disease modeling, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. In this study, we used primed hiPSCs and hESCs to evaluate the successful establishment and maintenance of a naive cell stage using three different naive-conversion media, both in the feeder and feeder-free cells conditions. In addition, we compared the directed differentiation capacity of primed and naive cells into the three germ layers and characterized these different cell stages with commonly used pluripotent and lineage-specific markers. Our results show that, in general, naive culture NHSM medium (in both feeder and feeder-free systems) confers greater hiPSCs and hESCs viability and the highest naive pluripotency markers expression. This medium also allows better cell differentiation cells toward endoderm and mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romayor
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Lara Herrera
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Maria Burón
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Myriam Martin-Inaraja
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Laura Prieto
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Jone Etxaniz
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés-Ferrándiz
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-944-007-151
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The vulnerable primed cancer stem cells in disguise: demystifying the role of Maspin. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:965-974. [PMID: 36451067 PMCID: PMC9713111 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-specific Maspin is widely known as a tumor suppressor. However, while the level of maspin expression is inversely correlated with tumor grade and stage, emerging clinical evidence shows a correlation between seemingly better differentiated tumor cells that express Maspin in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, (n + c)Maspin, with a poor prognosis of many types of cancer. Biological studies demonstrate that Maspin plays an essential role in stem cell differentiation. In light of the recently established characterization of primed stem cells (P-SCs) in development, we propose, for the first time, that cancer stem cells (CSCs) also need to undergo priming (P-CSCs) before their transition to various progeny phenotypes. We envisage major differences in the steady state kinetics between P-SCs and P-CSCs. We further propose that P-CSCs of carcinoma are both marked and regulated by (n + c)Maspin. The concept of P-CSCs helps explain the apparent dichotomous relationships of (n + c)Maspin expression with cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and is supported by the evidence from mechanistic studies. We believe that the potential utility of (n + c)Maspin as a molecular marker of P-CSCs may significantly accelerate the advancement in our understanding of the genesis of tumor phenotypic plasticity in response to changes of tumor microenvironments (TME) or drug treatments. The vulnerabilities of the cellular state of (n + c)Maspin-expressing P-CSCs are also discussed as the rationale for future development of P-CSC-targeted chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Pieri NCG, de Souza AF, Botigelli RC, Pessôa LVDF, Recchia K, Machado LS, Glória MH, de Castro RVG, Leal DF, Fantinato Neto P, Martins SMMK, Dos Santos Martins D, Bressan FF, de Andrade AFC. Porcine Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Different Culture Conditions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1639-1656. [PMID: 34115317 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions regulate the process of pluripotency acquisition and self-renewal. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the in vitro environment on the induction of porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (piPSCs) differentiation into primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs). piPSC culture with different supplementation strategies (LIF, bFGF, or LIF plus bFGF) promoted heterogeneous phenotypic profiles. Continuous bFGF supplementation during piPSCs culture was beneficial to support a pluripotent state and the differentiation of piPSCs into pPGCLCs. The pPGCLCs were positive for the gene and protein expression of pluripotent and germinative markers. This study can provide a suitable in vitro model for use in translational studies and to help answer numerous remaining questions about germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Hirakawa Glória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães de Castro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Feitosa Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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9
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Xiang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu F, Han X, Lu Z, Li C, Li Z, Gao Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Li X. LCDM medium supports the derivation of bovine extended pluripotent stem cells with embryonic and extraembryonic potency in bovine-mouse chimeras from iPSCs and bovine fetal fibroblasts. FEBS J 2021; 288:4394-4411. [PMID: 33524211 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cattle have emerged as one of the most important domestic animals widely used for meat, milk, and fur. Derivation of bovine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be applied in drug selecting and human disease modeling and facilitated agriculture-related applications such as production of genetically excellent cattle by gene editing. Extended PSCs (EPSCs), capable of differentiating into embryonic and extraembryonic parts, have been generated in mouse, human, and pig. Whether bovine EPSCs could be generated, and their chimeric competency remains unclear. This study focused on derivation of bovine EPSCs using LCDM medium and exploring the characteristics of EPSCs among different species, including bovine, mouse, and human EPSCs. Here, using LCDM medium (consisting of hLIF, CHIR99021, (S)-(+)-dimethindene maleate, and minocycline hydrochloride) enables the derivation of bovine EPSCs from induced PSCs (iPSCs) and bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF) with stable morphology, pluripotent marker expression, and in vitro differentiation ability. Notably, bovine EPSCs exhibited interspecies chimeric contribution to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in pre-implantation blastocysts and postimplantation bovine-mouse chimeras. Transcriptome analysis revealed the unique molecular characteristics of bovine EPSCs compared with iPSCs. The similarities and differences in molecular features across bovine, human, and mouse EPSCs were also described by transcriptome analysis. Taken together, the LCDM culture system containing chemical cocktails can be used for the establishment and long-term passaging of bovine EPSCs with embryonic and extraembryonic potency in bovine-mouse chimeras. Our findings lay the foundation of generating PSCs in domestic animals and open avenues for basic and applied research in biology, medicine, and agriculture. DATABASE: Gene expression data of bovine EPSCs and bovine iPSCs are available in the GEO databases under the accession number PRJNA693452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hanning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuejie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanru Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yujing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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10
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Chang PH, Chao HM, Chern E, Hsu SH. Chitosan 3D cell culture system promotes naïve-like features of human induced pluripotent stem cells: A novel tool to sustain pluripotency and facilitate differentiation. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120575. [PMID: 33341735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simplified and cost-effective culture system for maintaining the pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is crucial for stem cell applications. Although recombinant protein-based feeder-free hiPSC culture systems have been developed, their manufacturing processes are expensive and complicated, which hinders hiPSC technology progress. Chitosan, a versatile biocompatible polysaccharide, has been reported as a biomaterial for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system that promotes the physiological activities of mesenchymal stem cells and cancer cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that chitosan membranes sustained proliferation and pluripotency of hiPSCs in long-term culture (up to 365 days). Moreover, using vitronectin as the comparison group, the pluripotency of hiPSCs grown on the membranes was altered into a naïve-like state, which, for pluripotent stem cells, is an earlier developmental stage with higher stemness. On the chitosan membranes, hiPSCs self-assembled into 3D spheroids with an average diameter of ~100 μm. These hiPSC spheroids could be directly differentiated into lineage-specific cells from the three germ layers with 3D structures. Collectively, chitosan membranes not only promoted the naïve pluripotent features of hiPSCs but also provided a novel 3D differentiation platform. This convenient biomaterial-based culture system may enable the effective expansion and accessibility of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Chang
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Chao
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chern
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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11
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Initiation of X Chromosome Inactivation during Bovine Embryo Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041016. [PMID: 32325818 PMCID: PMC7226380 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a developmental process that aims to equalize the dosage of X-linked gene products between XY males and XX females in eutherian mammals. In female mouse embryos, paternal XCI is initiated at the 4-cell stage; however, the X chromosome is reactivated in the inner cell mass cells of blastocysts, and random XCI is subsequently initiated in epiblast cells. However, recent findings show that the patterns of XCI are not conserved among mammals. In this study, we used quantitative RT-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence to investigate the pattern of XCI during bovine embryo development. Expression of XIST (X-inactive specific transcript) RNA was significantly upregulated at the morula stage. For the first time, we demonstrate that XIST accumulation in bovine embryos starts in nuclei of female morulae, but its colocalization with histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation was first detected in day 7 blastocysts. Both in the inner cell mass and in putative epiblast precursors, we observed a proportion of cells with XIST RNA and H3K27me3 colocalization. Surprisingly, the onset of XCI did not lead to a global downregulation of X-linked genes, even in day 9 blastocysts. Together, our findings confirm that diverse patterns of XCI initiation exist among developing mammalian embryos.
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12
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A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:67. [PMID: 32070424 PMCID: PMC7029561 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NANOG functions as the gateway for the generation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in mice and humans. NANOG is a transcription factor highly expressed in pig pre-implantation embryos, indicating that it is a conserved pluripotency-associated factor. However, pig NANOG reporter PSCs have yet to be established, and the regulation of pluripotency by NANOG is not fully understood in this animal. METHODS In this study, pig NANOG tdTomato knock-in reporter positive PC-iPS cells were established using CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting cell line was treated with several cytokines and their corresponding inhibitors to identify pathways that regulate NANOG expression. The pathways examined were LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor)/IL6 (interleukin 6)-STAT3, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)/ERK, IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)/PIP3 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-AKT, Activin A/SMAD, and BMP4 (bone morphogenetic proteins)/SMAD. RESULTS Our experiments showed that the Activin A/SMAD pathway is directly associated with activation of NANOG expression in the pig, as is also the case in mice and humans. Activin A directly regulates the expression of pig NANOG via SMAD2/3; inhibition of this pathway by SB431542 resulted in inhibition of NANOG expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Activin A plays an important regulatory role in NANOG-mediated pluripotency in pig iPS cells. Activin A treatment may be therefore an effective method for de novo derivation of authentic embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from pig pre-implantation embryos.
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13
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Hyttel P, de Figueiredo Pessôa LV, Secher JBM, Dittlau KS, Freude K, Hall VJ, Fair T, Assey RJ, Laurincik J, Callesen H, Greve T, Stroebech LB. Oocytes, embryos and pluripotent stem cells from a biomedical perspective. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:508-523. [PMID: 32435294 PMCID: PMC7234146 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The veterinary and animal science professions are rapidly developing and their inherent and historical connection to agriculture is challenged by more biomedical and medical directions of research. While some consider this development as a risk of losing identity, it may also be seen as an opportunity for developing further and more sophisticated competences that may ultimately feed back to veterinary and animal science in a synergistic way. The present review describes how agriculture-related studies on bovine in vitro embryo production through studies of putative bovine and porcine embryonic stem cells led the way to more sophisticated studies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using e.g. gene editing for modeling of neurodegeneration in man. However, instead of being a blind diversion from veterinary and animal science into medicine, these advanced studies of human iPSC-derived neurons build a set of competences that allowed us, in a more competent way, to focus on novel aspects of more veterinary and agricultural relevance in the form of porcine and canine iPSCs. These types of animal stem cells are of biomedical importance for modeling of iPSC-based therapy in man, but in particular the canine iPSCs are also important for understanding and modeling canine diseases, as e.g. canine cognitive dysfunction, for the benefit and therapy of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa J Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Remmy John Assey
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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14
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Ectopic activation of WNT signaling in human embryonal carcinoma cells and its effects in short- and long-term in vitro culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11928. [PMID: 31417131 PMCID: PMC6695393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells comprise the pluripotent stem cells of malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (GCTs) and represent the malignant counterpart of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). WNT/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in regulating adult and embryonic stem cells although its role in EC cells is less investigated. Here, we studied WNT signaling in a panel of representative pluripotent and nullipotent human EC cell lines. We found that EC cell lines show distinct levels of intrinsic WNT signaling and respond differently to ectopic WNT activation. Short-term activation of WNT signaling induced a differentiation-response in the pluripotent EC cells (NT2 and NCCIT) whereas the nullipotent EC cells (TERA1 and 2102Ep) were refractory and maintained high levels of OCT4 and SSEA4 expression. Long-term activation of WNT signaling in NCCIT and, to a lesser extent, TERA1 cells led to (re)gain of OCT4 expression and a switch from SSEA4 to SSEA1 surface antigens ultimately resulting in OCT4+/SSEA4−/SSEA1+ profile. Cisplatin treatment indicated that the OCT4+/SSEA4−/SSEA1+ NCCIT cells became more resistant to chemotherapy treatment. Our findings are of particular interest for the GCT and ES cell biology and shed light on the role of WNT signaling in human EC cells.
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15
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Generation of pig induced pluripotent stem cells using an extended pluripotent stem cell culture system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:193. [PMID: 31248457 PMCID: PMC6598264 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pigs have emerged as one of the most popular large animal models in biomedical research, which in many cases is considered as a superior choice over rodent models. In addition, transplantation studies using pig pluripotent stem (PS) cell derivatives may serve as a testbed for safety and efficacy prior to human trials. Recently, it has been shown that mouse and human PS cells cultured in LCDM (recombinant human LIF, CHIR 99021, (S)-(+)-dimethindene maleate, minocycline hydrochloride) medium exhibited extended developmental potential (designated as extended pluripotent stem cells, or EPS cells), which could generate both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in chimeric mouse conceptus. Whether stable pig induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated in LCDM medium and their chimeric competency remains unknown. Methods iPS cells were generated by infecting pig pericytes (PC) and embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) with a retroviral vector encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc reprogramming factors and subsequently cultured in a modified LCDM medium. The pluripotency of PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells was characterized by examining the expression of pluripotency-related transcription factors and surface markers, transcriptome analysis, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities. Chimeric contribution of PC-iPS cells to mouse and pig conceptus was also evaluated with fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and PCR analysis. Results In this study, using a modified version of the LCDM medium, we successfully generated iPS cells from both PCs and PEFs. Both PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells maintained the stable “dome-shaped” morphology and genome stability after long-term culture. The immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that both PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells expressed OCT4, SOX2, and SALL4, but only PC-iPS cells expressed NANOG and TRA-1-81 (faint). PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells could be differentiated into cell derivatives of all three primary germ layers in vitro. The transcriptome analysis showed that PEF-iPS and PC-iPS cells clustered with pig ICM, Heatmap and volcano plot showed that there were 1475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells (adjusted p value < 0.1), and the numbers of upregulated genes and downregulated genes in PC-iPS cells were 755 and 720, respectively. Upregulated genes were enriched with GO terms including regulation of stem cell differentiation, proliferation, development, and maintenance. And KEGG pathway enrichment in upregulated genes revealed Wnt, Jak-STAT, TGF-β, P53, and MAPK stem cell signaling pathways. Fluorescence microscopy and genomic PCR analyses using pig mtDNA-specific and GFP primers showed that the PC-iPS cell derivatives could be detected in both mouse and pig pre-implantation blastocysts and post-implantation conceptuses. Quantitative analysis via flow cytometry revealed that the chimeric contribution of pig PC-iPS cells in mouse conceptus was up to 0.04%. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that stable iPS cells could be generated in LCDM medium, which could give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic cells in vivo. However, the efficiency and level of chimeric contribution of pig LCDM-iPS cells were found low. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1303-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Fang F, Li Z, Zhao Q, Li H, Xiong C. Human induced pluripotent stem cells and male infertility: an overview of current progress and perspectives. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:188-195. [PMID: 29315416 PMCID: PMC5850345 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made in ART for the treatment of male infertility. However, current ART has failed to help infertile patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, unless donor sperm is used. In fact, most couples wish to have their own genetically related child. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from patients’ somatic cells and in vitro derivation of functional germ cells from patient-specific iPSCs may provide new therapeutic strategies for infertile couples. The overall developmental dynamics of human primordial germ cells are similar to that in mice, but accumulating evidence suggests that there are crucial differences between human and mouse PGC specification. Unlike mouse iPSCs (miPSCs) in naive state, hiPSCs exhibit a primed pluripotency which possess less potential for the germ cell fate. Based on research in mice, male germ cells at different stages have been derived from hiPSCs with different protocols, including spontaneous differentiation, overexpression of germ cell regulators, addition of cytokines, co-culture with gonadal cells in vitro and xeno-transplantation. The aim of this review is to summarize the current advances in derivation of male germ cells from hiPSCs and raise the perspectives of hiPSCs in medical application for male infertility, as well as in basic research for male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zili Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China
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17
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Li T, Zheng Y, Li Y, Ye D. Comparison of in vitro Neuronal Differentiation Capacity Between Mouse Epiblast Stem Cells Derived From Nuclear Transfer and Naturally Fertilized Embryos. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:392. [PMID: 30425619 PMCID: PMC6218595 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can give rise to fertile adults, but the successful perinatal and postnatal developmental rates are inefficient, including delayed developmental behaviors, and respiratory failure. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) from E5.5-6.5 epiblasts share defining features with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), providing a new opportunity to study early mammalian development in vitro. In this study, mEpiSCs were established from naturally fertilized mouse embryos (F-mEpiSCs) and SCNT mouse embryos (NT-mEpiSCs). Also, the in vitro neuronal differentiation capacity of F-mEpiSCs and NT-mEpiSCs was compared. Morphology analysis showed less and smaller neurospheres formation and lower percentage of early neurons generation in NT-mEpiSCs. The immunocytochemical analysis and altered mRNA expression levels of the neuronal markers in differentiated cells further confirmed that neurogenesis was slower in NT-mEpiSCs than in F-mEpiSCs. Moreover, neuronal differentiation capacity was correlated with the basal expression levels of Atox1 and Vinculin but not Brachyury and Otx2, emphasizing that developmental aberrations in neurogenesis were associated with the NT technique but not random variations between clones. This study provided an important in vitro platform using mEpiSCs to study early epigenetic and developmental processes associated with neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danna Ye
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Guo Y, Yu M, Jing N, Zhang S. Production of soluble bioactive mouse leukemia inhibitory factor from Escherichia coli using MBP tag. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 150:86-91. [PMID: 29758321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells depend on one of cytokines called leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to retain their undifferentiated state and pluripotency. Nevertheless, further progresses of stem cell scientific investigation and its possible application are limited owing to the expense of commercial LIF. Here we introduced a simple, practical and high level expression of MBP-mouse LIF through Escherichia coli system which was bioactive. The mLIF cDNA was inserted into vector of pMAL-C2X in order to generate N-terminal MBP-mLIF recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. MBP-mLIF as a soluble form was expressed. One-step purification through gravitational affinity chromatography was accomplished to acquire high purity (>92%) MBP-mLIF. The MBP-mLIF products specifically suppressed the growth of M1cells in a dose-dependent pattern. MBP-mLIF also was proved the ability to maintain the pluripotency of iPSCs. These outcomes revealed that the N-end MBP tags of the MBP-mLIF did not obstruct mLIF bioactivity. This method to generate recombinant MBP-mLIF is a simple, practical, economical and user-friendly protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Na Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Shoutao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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19
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Wang L, Jiang Z, Huang D, Duan J, Huang C, Sullivan S, Vali K, Yin Y, Zhang M, Wegrzyn J, Tian XC, Tang Y. JAK/STAT3 regulated global gene expression dynamics during late-stage reprogramming process. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:183. [PMID: 29510661 PMCID: PMC5840728 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has underdefined mechanisms. In addition, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) activated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway is the master regulator for naïve-state pluripotency achievement and maintenance. However, the regulatory process to attain naïve pluripotent iPSCs is not well understood. Results We performed transcriptome analysis to dissect the genomic expression during mouse iPSC induction, with or without blocking the JAK/STAT3 activity. We describe JAK/STAT3 signaling-specific biological events such as gametogenesis, meiotic/mitotic cell cycle, and DNA repair, and JAK/STAT3-dependent expression of key transcription factors such as the naïve pluripotency-specific genes, developmental pluripotency associated (Dppa) family, along with histone modifiers and non-coding RNAs in reprogramming. We discover that JAK/STAT3 activity does not affect early phase mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) but is necessary for proper imprinting of the Dlk1-Dio3 region, an essential event for pluripotency achievement at late-reprogramming stage. This correlates with the JAK/STAT3-dependent stimulation of Dppa3 and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) genes. We further demonstrate that JAK/STAT3 activity is essential for DNA demethylation of pluripotent loci including Oct4, Nanog, and the Dlk1-Dio3 regions. These findings correlate well with the previously identified STAT3 direct targets. We further propose a model of pluripotency achievement regulated by JAK/STAT3 signaling during the reprogramming process. Conclusions Our study illustrates novel insights for JAK/STAT3 promoted pluripotency establishment, which are valuable for further improving the naïve-pluripotent iPSC generation across different species including humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4507-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Present address: School of Animal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Delun Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Duan
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Shannon Sullivan
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kaneha Vali
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jill Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Computational Biology Core, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xiuchun Cindy Tian
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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20
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Huang D, Wang L, Duan J, Huang C, Tian XC, Zhang M, Tang Y. LIF-activated Jak signaling determines Esrrb expression during late-stage reprogramming. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.029264. [PMID: 29212799 PMCID: PMC5829498 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory process of naïve-state induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation is not well understood. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-activated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Jak/Stat3) is the master regulator for naïve-state pluripotency achievement and maintenance. The estrogen-related receptor beta (Esrrb) serves as a naïve-state marker gene regulating self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, the interconnection between Esrrb and LIF signaling for pluripotency establishment in reprogramming is unclear. We screened the marker genes critical for complete reprogramming during mouse iPSC generation, and identified genes including Esrrb that are responsive to LIF/Jak pathway signaling. Overexpression of Esrrb resumes the reprogramming halted by inhibition of Jak activity in partially reprogrammed cells (pre-iPSCs), and leads to the generation of pluripotent iPSCs. We further show that neither overexpression of Nanog nor stimulation of Wnt signaling, two upstream regulators of Esrrb in ESCs, stimulates the expression of Esrrb in reprogramming when LIF or Jak activity is blocked. Our study demonstrates that Esrrb is a specific reprogramming factor regulated downstream of the LIF/Jak signaling pathway. These results shed new light on the regulatory role of LIF pathway on complete pluripotency establishment during iPSC generation. Summary:Esrrb is a downstream target and effector of LIF during reprogramming. Forced Esrrb expression accelerates pluripotency establishment in the absence of LIF signaling. The activation of Esrrb is LIF dependent in the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.,Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jingyue Duan
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiuchun Cindy Tian
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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21
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Genetic engineering in nonhuman primates for human disease modeling. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:125-131. [PMID: 29203824 PMCID: PMC8075926 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental models have contributed greatly to human health research by assessing the safety and efficacy of newly developed drugs, due to their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. To generate NHP disease models, drug-inducible methods, and surgical treatment methods have been employed. Recent developments in genetic and developmental engineering in NHPs offer new options for producing genetically modified disease models. Moreover, in recent years, genome-editing technology has emerged to further promote this trend and the generation of disease model NHPs has entered a new era. In this review, we summarize the generation of conventional disease model NHPs and discuss new solutions to the problem of mosaicism in genome-editing technology.
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22
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The WNT target SP5 negatively regulates WNT transcriptional programs in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1034. [PMID: 29044119 PMCID: PMC5647328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a prominent player in many developmental processes, including gastrulation, anterior-posterior axis specification, organ and tissue development, and homeostasis. Here, we use human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to study the dynamics of the transcriptional response to exogenous activation of the WNT pathway. We describe a mechanism involving the WNT target gene SP5 that leads to termination of the transcriptional program initiated by WNT signaling. Integration of gene expression profiles of wild-type and SP5 mutant cells with genome-wide SP5 binding events reveals that SP5 acts to diminish expression of genes previously activated by the WNT pathway. Furthermore, we show that activation of SP5 by WNT signaling is most robust in cells with developmental potential, such as stem cells. These findings indicate a mechanism by which the developmental WNT signaling pathway reins in expression of transcriptional programs.
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23
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Smith A. Formative pluripotency: the executive phase in a developmental continuum. Development 2017; 144:365-373. [PMID: 28143843 PMCID: PMC5430734 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regulative capability of single cells to give rise to all primary embryonic lineages is termed pluripotency. Observations of fluctuating gene expression and phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro have fostered a conception of pluripotency as an intrinsically metastable and precarious state. However, in the embryo and in defined culture environments the properties of pluripotent cells change in an orderly sequence. Two phases of pluripotency, called naïve and primed, have previously been described. In this Hypothesis article, a third phase, called formative pluripotency, is proposed to exist as part of a developmental continuum between the naïve and primed phases. The formative phase is hypothesised to be enabling for the execution of pluripotency, entailing remodelling of transcriptional, epigenetic, signalling and metabolic networks to constitute multi-lineage competence and responsiveness to specification cues. Summary: This Hypothesis article poses that a third state of pluripotency, called formative pluripotency, exists between the naïve and primed states, and is enabling for the execution of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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24
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Guo G, von Meyenn F, Rostovskaya M, Clarke J, Dietmann S, Baker D, Sahakyan A, Myers S, Bertone P, Reik W, Plath K, Smith A. Epigenetic resetting of human pluripotency. Development 2017; 144:2748-2763. [PMID: 28765214 PMCID: PMC5560041 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Much attention has focussed on the conversion of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to a more naïve developmental status. Here we provide a method for resetting via transient histone deacetylase inhibition. The protocol is effective across multiple PSC lines and can proceed without karyotype change. Reset cells can be expanded without feeders with a doubling time of around 24 h. WNT inhibition stabilises the resetting process. The transcriptome of reset cells diverges markedly from that of primed PSCs and shares features with human inner cell mass (ICM). Reset cells activate expression of primate-specific transposable elements. DNA methylation is globally reduced to a level equivalent to that in the ICM and is non-random, with gain of methylation at specific loci. Methylation imprints are mostly lost, however. Reset cells can be re-primed to undergo tri-lineage differentiation and germline specification. In female reset cells, appearance of biallelic X-linked gene transcription indicates reactivation of the silenced X chromosome. On reconversion to primed status, XIST-induced silencing restores monoallelic gene expression. The facile and robust conversion routine with accompanying data resources will enable widespread utilisation, interrogation, and refinement of candidate naïve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Maria Rostovskaya
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - James Clarke
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Duncan Baker
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Anna Sahakyan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Myers
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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25
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May I Cut in? Gene Editing Approaches in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2017; 6:cells6010005. [PMID: 28178187 PMCID: PMC5371870 DOI: 10.3390/cells6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the decade since Yamanaka and colleagues described methods to reprogram somatic cells into a pluripotent state, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated tremendous promise in numerous disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications. More recently, the development and refinement of advanced gene transduction and editing technologies have further accelerated the potential of hiPSCs. In this review, we discuss the various gene editing technologies that are being implemented with hiPSCs. Specifically, we describe the emergence of technologies including zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 that can be used to edit the genome at precise locations, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of these technologies. In addition, we present the current applications of these technologies in elucidating the mechanisms of human development and disease, developing novel and effective therapeutic molecules, and engineering cell-based therapies. Finally, we discuss the emerging technological advances in targeted gene editing methods.
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26
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Wang W, Zhu Y, Huang K, Shan Y, Du J, Dong X, Ma P, Wu P, Zhang J, Huang W, Zhang T, Liao B, Yao D, Pan G, Liu J. Suppressing P16 Ink4a and P14 ARF pathways overcomes apoptosis in individualized human embryonic stem cells. FASEB J 2016; 31:1130-1140. [PMID: 27965321 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600782r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dissociation-induced apoptosis is a striking phenomenon in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but not in naive mouse ESCs. Rho-associated kinase-dependent actin-myosin hyperactivation is an underlying mechanism that triggers apoptosis in dissociated hESCs; however, in this study, we show that the Ink4A-ARF-mediated senescence pathway is another mechanism to cause apoptosis in individualized hESCs. We show that P16INK4A and P14ARF are immediately induced in hESCs upon dissociation, but not in mouse ESCs. Overexpression of BMI1, a suppressor for Ink4A-ARF, greatly promotes survival and cloning efficiency of individualized hESCs mechanistically via direct binding the H3K27me3-marked Ink4A-ARF locus. Forced expression of BMI1 in hESCs does not reduce the actin-myosin activation that is triggered by dissociation, which indicates it is an independent pathway for hESC survival. Furthermore, dual inhibition of both Ink4A-ARF and actin-myosin hyperactivation enables successful passaging of hESCs via gelatin, a nonbioactive matrix. In sum, we provide an additional mechanism that underlies cell death in individualized hESCs that might help to fully understand the differential cell characteristics between naive and primed ESCs.-Wang, W., Zhu, Y., Huang, K., Shan, Y., Du, J., Dong, X., Ma, P., Wu, P., Zhang, J., Huang, W., Zhang, T., Liao, B., Yao, D., Pan, G., Liu, J. Suppressing P16Ink4a and P14ARF pathways overcomes apoptosis in individualized human embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Shan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Dong
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penafei Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Liao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyang Yao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China;
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27
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Grzybek M, Golonko A, Walczak M, Lisowski P. Epigenetics of cell fate reprogramming and its implications for neurological disorders modelling. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:84-120. [PMID: 27890672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proceeds in a stepwise manner with reprogramming factors binding and epigenetic composition changes during transition to maintain the epigenetic landscape, important for pluripotency. There arises a question as to whether the aberrant epigenetic state after reprogramming leads to epigenetic defects in induced stem cells causing unpredictable long term effects in differentiated cells. In this review, we present a comprehensive view of epigenetic alterations accompanying reprogramming, cell maintenance and differentiation as factors that influence applications of hiPSCs in stem cell based technologies. We conclude that sample heterogeneity masks DNA methylation signatures in subpopulations of cells and thus believe that beside a genetic evaluation, extensive epigenomic screening should become a standard procedure to ensure hiPSCs state before they are used for genome editing and differentiation into neurons of interest. In particular, we suggest that exploitation of the single-cell composition of the epigenome will provide important insights into heterogeneity within hiPSCs subpopulations to fast forward development of reliable hiPSC-based analytical platforms in neurological disorders modelling and before completed hiPSC technology will be implemented in clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzybek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Golonko
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marta Walczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Pawel Lisowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; iPS Cell-Based Disease Modelling Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany.
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28
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Kurum E, Benayoun BA, Malhotra A, George J, Ucar D. Computational inference of a genomic pluripotency signature in human and mouse stem cells. Biol Direct 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27639379 PMCID: PMC5027095 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-016-0148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent analyses of next-generation sequencing datasets have shown that cell-specific regulatory elements in stem cells are marked with distinguishable patterns of transcription factor (TF) binding and epigenetic marks. For example, we recently demonstrated that promoters of cell-specific genes are covered with expanded trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) marks (i.e., broad H3K4me3 domains). Moreover, binding of specific TFs, such as OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, have been shown to play a critical role in maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells. Despite these observations, a systematic exploration of genomic and epigenomic features of stem-cell-specific gene promoters has not been conducted. Advanced machine-learning models can capture distinguishable genomic and epigenomic characteristics of stem-cell-specific promoters by taking advantage of the wealth of publicly available datasets. Here, we propose a three-step framework to discover novel data characteristics of high-throughput next generation sequencing datasets that distinguish pluripotency genes in human and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Our framework involves: i) feature extraction to identify novel features of genomic datasets; ii) feature selection using a logistic regression model combined with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method to find the most critical datasets and features; and iii) cross validation with features selected using LASSO method to assess the predictive power of selected data features in distinguishing pluripotency genes. We show that specific epigenetic marks, and specific features of these marks, are enriched at pluripotency gene promoters. Moreover, we also assess both the individual and combined effect of TF binding, epigenetic mark deposition, gene expression datasets for marking pluripotency genes. Our findings are consistent with the existence of a conserved, complex and integrative genomic signature in ESCs that can be exploited to flag important candidate pluripotency genes. They also validate our computational framework for fostering a deeper understanding of genomic datasets in stem cells, in the future, could be extended to study cell-type-specific genomic landscapes in other cell types. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Zoltan Gaspari and Piotr Zielenkiewicz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kurum
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Ankit Malhotra
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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29
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Daley GQ. Stem cells and the evolving notion of cellular identity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:20140376. [PMID: 26416685 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are but one class of the myriad types of cells within an organism. With potential to self-renew and capacity to differentiate, stem cells play essential roles at multiple stages of development. In the early embryo, pluripotent stem cells represent progenitors for all tissues while later in development, tissue-restricted stem cells give rise to cells with highly specialized functions. As best understood in the blood, skin and gut, stem cells are the seeds that sustain tissue homeostasis and regeneration, while in other tissues like the muscle, liver, kidney and lung, various stem or progenitor cells play facultative roles in tissue repair and response to injury. Here, I will provide a brief perspective on the evolving notion of cellular identity and how reprogramming and transcription factor-mediated conversions of one cell type into another have fundamentally altered our assumptions about the stability of cell identity, with profound long-term implications for biomedical research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Ebert AD, Diecke S, Chen IY, Wu JC. Reprogramming and transdifferentiation for cardiovascular development and regenerative medicine: where do we stand? EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1090-103. [PMID: 26183451 PMCID: PMC4568945 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201504395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains a leading cause of mortality and a major worldwide healthcare burden. Recent advances in stem cell biology have made it feasible to derive large quantities of cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative medicine. The discoveries of reprogramming and transdifferentiation as novel biological processes have significantly contributed to this paradigm. This review surveys the means by which reprogramming and transdifferentiation can be employed to generate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The application of these patient-specific cardiomyocytes for both in vitro disease modeling and in vivo therapies for various cardiovascular diseases will also be discussed. We propose that, with additional refinement, human disease-specific cardiomyocytes will allow us to significantly advance the understanding of cardiovascular disease mechanisms and accelerate the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian Y Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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31
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Van der Jeught M, Taelman J, Duggal G, Ghimire S, Lierman S, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Deforce D, Deroo T, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B. Application Of Small Molecules Favoring Naïve Pluripotency during Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation. Cell Reprogram 2016; 17:170-80. [PMID: 26053517 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, inhibition of both the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (MEK/Erk) and the Wnt signaling inhibitor glycogen synthase-3β (GSK3β) enables the derivation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) from nonpermissive strains in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Whereas mESCs are in an uncommitted naïve state, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represent a more advanced state, denoted as primed pluripotency. This burdens hESCs with a series of characteristics, which, in contrast to naïve ESCs, makes them not ideal for key applications such as cell-based clinical therapies and human disease modeling. In this study, different small molecule combinations were applied during human ESC derivation. Hereby, we aimed to sustain the naïve pluripotent state, by interfering with various key signaling pathways. First, we tested several combinations on existing, 2i (PD0325901 and CHIR99021)-derived mESCs. All combinations were shown to be equally adequate to sustain the expression of naïve pluripotency markers. Second, these conditions were tested during hESC derivation. Overall, the best results were observed in the presence of medium supplemented with 2i, LIF, and the noncanonical Wnt signaling agonist Wnt5A, alone and combined with epinephrine. In these conditions, outgrowths repeatedly showed an ESC progenitor-like morphology, starting from day 3. Culturing these "progenitor cells" did not result in stable, naïve hESC lines in the current conditions. Although Wnt5A could not promote naïve hESC derivation, we found that it was sustaining the conversion of established hESCs toward a more naïve state. Future work should aim to distinct the effects of the various culture formulations, including our Wnt5A-supplemented medium, reported to promote stable naïve pluripotency in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Van der Jeught
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium .,4 These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jasin Taelman
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium .,4 These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Galbha Duggal
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabitri Ghimire
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Lierman
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium .,2 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Deforce
- 3 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Deroo
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- 1 Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Techniques of Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derivation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:349-70. [PMID: 26939778 PMCID: PMC5021740 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing procedures for the derivation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) gave rise to novel pathways into regenerative medicine research. For many years, stem cells have attracted attention as a potentially unlimited cell source for cellular therapy in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and spinal cord injuries, for example. In these studies, adult stem cells were insufficient; therefore, many attempts were made to obtain PSCs by other means. This review discusses key issues concerning the techniques of pluripotent cell acquisition. Technical and ethical issues hindered the medical use of somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryonic stem cells. Therefore, induced PSCs (iPSCs) emerged as a powerful technique with great potential for clinical applications, patient-specific disease modelling and pharmaceutical studies. The replacement of viral vectors or the administration of analogous proteins or chemical compounds during cell reprogramming are modifications designed to reduce tumorigenesis risk and to augment the procedure efficiency. Intensified analysis of new PSC lines revealed other barriers to overcome, such as epigenetic memory, disparity between human and mouse pluripotency, and variable response to differentiation of some iPSC lines. Thus, multidimensional verification must be conducted to fulfil strict clinical-grade requirements. Nevertheless, the first clinical trials in patients with spinal cord injury and macular dystrophy were recently carried out with differentiated iPSCs, encouraging alternative strategies for potential autologous cellular therapies.
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Carter MG, Smagghe BJ, Stewart AK, Rapley JA, Lynch E, Bernier KJ, Keating KW, Hatziioannou VM, Hartman EJ, Bamdad CC. A Primitive Growth Factor, NME7AB , Is Sufficient to Induce Stable Naïve State Human Pluripotency; Reprogramming in This Novel Growth Factor Confers Superior Differentiation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:847-59. [PMID: 26749426 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scientists have generated human stem cells that in some respects mimic mouse naïve cells, but their dependence on the addition of several extrinsic agents, and their propensity to develop abnormal karyotype calls into question their resemblance to a naturally occurring "naïve" state in humans. Here, we report that a recombinant, truncated human NME7, referred to as NME7AB here, induces a stable naïve-like state in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells without the use of inhibitors, transgenes, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), feeder cells, or their conditioned media. Evidence of a naïve state includes reactivation of the second X chromosome in female source cells, increased expression of naïve markers and decreased expression of primed state markers, ability to be clonally expanded and increased differentiation potential. RNA-seq analysis shows vast differences between the parent FGF2 grown, primed state cells, and NME7AB converted cells, but similarities to altered gene expression patterns reported by others generating naïve-like stem cells via the use of biochemical inhibitors. Experiments presented here, in combination with our previous work, suggest a mechanistic model of how human stem cells regulate self-replication: an early naïve state driven by NME7, which cannot itself limit self-replication and a later naïve state regulated by NME1, which limits self-replication when its multimerization state shifts from the active dimer to the inactive hexamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Carter
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B J Smagghe
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A K Stewart
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J A Rapley
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Lynch
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K J Bernier
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K W Keating
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - E J Hartman
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) may revolutionize medical practice by providing: (a) a renewable source of cells for tissue replacement therapies, (b) a powerful system to model human diseases in a dish, and (c) a platform for examining efficacy and safety of novel drugs. Furthermore, these cells offer a unique opportunity to study early human development in vitro, in particular, the process by which a seemingly uniform cell population interacts to give rise to the three main embryonic lineages: ectoderm, endoderm. and mesoderm. This process of lineage allocation is regulated by a number of inductive signals that are mediated by growth factors, including FGF, TGFβ, and Wnt. In this book chapter, we introduce a set of tools, methods, and protocols to specifically manipulate the Wnt signaling pathway with the intention of altering the cell fate outcome of hPSCs.
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Zhou X, Contreras-Trujillo H, Ying QL. New insights into the conserved mechanism of pluripotency maintenance. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 34:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ohtsuka S, Nakai-Futatsugi Y, Niwa H. LIF signal in mouse embryonic stem cells. JAKSTAT 2015; 4:e1086520. [PMID: 27127728 PMCID: PMC4802755 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2015.1086520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) in the 1980s, a number of important notions on the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells in vitro have been found. In serum containing conventional culture, an exogenous cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is absolutely essential for the maintenance of pluripotency. In contrast, in serum-free culture with simultaneous inhibition of Map-kinase and Gsk3 (so called 2i-culture), LIF is no longer required. However, recent findings also suggest that LIF may have a role not covered by the 2i for the maintenance of naïve pluripotency. These suggest that LIF functions for the maintenance of naïve pluripotency in a context dependent manner. We summarize how LIF-signal pathway is converged to maintain the naïve state of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ohtsuka
- Laboratory for Pluripotent Stem Cell Studies; Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) RIKEN ; Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakai-Futatsugi
- Laboratory for Pluripotent Stem Cell Studies; Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) RIKEN ; Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Laboratory for Pluripotent Stem Cell Studies; Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) RIKEN; Kobe, Japan; Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG); Kumamoto University; Kumamoto, Japan
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Manor YS, Massarwa R, Hanna JH. Establishing the human naïve pluripotent state. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 34:35-45. [PMID: 26291026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotency is first assembled within the inner-cell-mass of developing pre-implantation blastocysts, and is gradually reconfigured and dismantled during early post-implantation development, before overt differentiation into somatic lineages ensues. This transition from pre-implantation to post-implantation pluripotent states, respectively referred to as naïve and primed, is accompanied by dramatic changes in molecular and functional characteristics. Remarkably, pluripotent states can be artificially preserved in a self-renewing state in vitro by continuous supplementation of a variety of exogenous cytokines and small molecule inhibitors. Different exogenous factors endow the cells with distinct configurations of pluripotency that have direct influence on stem cell characteristics both in mice and humans. Here we overview pluripotent states captured from rodents and humans under different growth conditions, and provide a conceptual framework for classifying pluripotent cell states on the basis of a combination of multiple characteristics that a pluripotent cell can simultaneously retain. We further highlight the complexity and dynamic nature of these artificially isolated in vitro pluripotent states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair S Manor
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rada Massarwa
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Kibschull M, Lye SJ, Okino ST, Sarras H. Quantitative large scale gene expression profiling from human stem cell culture micro samples using multiplex pre-amplification. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 62:84-91. [PMID: 26237078 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1062578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling is a powerful tool to study biological mechanisms during stem cell differentiation and reprogramming. Genome-wide methods like microarrays or next generation sequencing are expensive, time consuming, and require special equipment and bioinformatics expertise. Quantitative RT-PCR remains one of today's most widely accepted and used methods for analyzing gene expression in biological samples. However, limitations in the amount of starting materials often hinder the quantity and quality of information that could be obtained from a given sample. Here, we present a fast 4-step workflow allowing direct, column-free RNA isolation from limited human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures that is directly compatible with subsequent reverse transcription, target specific multiplex pre-amplification, and standard SYBR-Green quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. The workflow delivers excellent correlations in normalized gene-expression data obtained from different samples of hPSCs over a wide range of cell numbers (500-50,000 cells). We demonstrate accurate and unbiased target gene quantification in limiting stem cell cultures which allows for monitoring embryoid body differentiation and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming. This method highlights a rapid and cost effective screening process, allowing reduction of culture formats and increase of processing throughputs for various stem cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kibschull
- a Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- a Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Canada .,b Departments of OBS/GYN, Physiology, and Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada .,c Fraser Mustard Institute for Human Development, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Steven T Okino
- d Gene Expression Division , Life Science Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories , Hercules , California , USA , and
| | - Haya Sarras
- e Gene Expression Division , Life Science Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories , Mississauga , Ontario , Canada
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Abstract
Pluripotency is the remarkable capacity of a single cell to engender all the specialized cell types of an adult organism. This property can be captured indefinitely through derivation of self-renewing embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which represent an invaluable platform to investigate cell fate decisions and disease. Recent advances have revealed that manipulation of distinct signaling cues can render ESCs in a uniform "ground state" of pluripotency, which more closely recapitulates the pluripotent naive epiblast. Here we discuss the extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory principles that underpin the nature of pluripotency and consider the emerging spectrum of pluripotent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Hackett
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
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40
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Reinforcement of STAT3 activity reprogrammes human embryonic stem cells to naive-like pluripotency. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7095. [PMID: 25968054 PMCID: PMC4479042 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/STAT3 signalling is a hallmark of naive pluripotency in rodent pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), whereas fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and activin/nodal signalling is required to sustain self-renewal of human PSCs in a condition referred to as the primed state. It is unknown why LIF/STAT3 signalling alone fails to sustain pluripotency in human PSCs. Here we show that the forced expression of the hormone-dependent STAT3-ER (ER, ligand-binding domain of the human oestrogen receptor) in combination with 2i/LIF and tamoxifen allows human PSCs to escape from the primed state and enter a state characterized by the activation of STAT3 target genes and long-term self-renewal in FGF2- and feeder-free conditions. These cells acquire growth properties, a gene expression profile and an epigenetic landscape closer to those described in mouse naive PSCs. Together, these results show that temporarily increasing STAT3 activity is sufficient to reprogramme human PSCs to naive-like pluripotent cells. LIF/STAT3 signalling characterizes naive pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but whether this pathway can sustain a similar state in human cells is not completely understood. Here the authors show that LIF stimulation and enhancement of STAT3 activity allow human ESCs to escape from FGF2 dependency and facilitates their entry into a naive-like state of pluripotency.
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41
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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42
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Li Y, Parast MM. BMP4 regulation of human trophoblast development. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 58:239-46. [PMID: 25023690 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.130341mp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the derivation of human embryonic stem cells, and the subsequent generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, there has been much excitement about the ability to model and evaluate human organ development in vitro. The finding that these cells, when treated with BMP4, are able to generate the extraembryonic cell type, trophoblast, which is the predominant functional epithelium in the placenta, has not been widely accepted. This review evaluates this model, providing comparison to early known events during placentation in both human and mouse and addresses specific challenges. Keeping in mind the ultimate goal of understanding human placental development and pregnancy disorders, our aim here is two-fold: to distinguish gaps in our knowledge arising from mis- or over-interpretation of data, and to recognize the limitations of both mouse and human models, but to work within those limitations towards the ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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43
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Ernst M, Abu Dawud R, Kurtz A, Schotta G, Taher L, Fuellen G. Comparative computational analysis of pluripotency in human and mouse stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7927. [PMID: 25604210 PMCID: PMC4300513 DOI: 10.1038/srep07927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells can be subdivided into two distinct states, the naïve and the primed state, the latter being further advanced on the path of differentiation. There are substantial differences in the regulation of pluripotency between human and mouse, and in humans only stem cells that resemble the primed state in mouse are readily available. Reprogramming of human stem cells into a more naïve-like state is an important research focus. Here, we developed a pipeline to reanalyze transcriptomics data sets that describe both states, naïve and primed pluripotency, in human and mouse. The pipeline consists of identifying regulated start-ups/shut-downs in terms of molecular interactions, followed by functional annotation of the genes involved and aggregation of results across conditions, yielding sets of mechanisms that are consistently regulated in transitions towards similar states of pluripotency. Our results suggest that one published protocol for naïve human cells gave rise to human cells that indeed share putative mechanisms with the prototypical naïve mouse pluripotent cells, such as DNA damage response and histone acetylation. However, cellular response and differentiation-related mechanisms are similar between the naïvehuman state and the primedmouse state, so the naïvehuman state did not fully reflect the naïvemouse state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ernst
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Raed Abu Dawud
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- 1] Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, Berlin, Germany [2] College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Ludwig Maximilians University and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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44
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Dowell KG, Simons AK, Bai H, Kell B, Wang ZZ, Yun K, Hibbs MA. Novel insights into embryonic stem cell self-renewal revealed through comparative human and mouse systems biology networks. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1161-72. [PMID: 24307629 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), characterized by their ability to both self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages, are a powerful model for biomedical research and developmental biology. Human and mouse ESCs share many features, yet have distinctive aspects, including fundamental differences in the signaling pathways and cell cycle controls that support self-renewal. Here, we explore the molecular basis of human ESC self-renewal using Bayesian network machine learning to integrate cell-type-specific, high-throughput data for gene function discovery. We integrated high-throughput ESC data from 83 human studies (~1.8 million data points collected under 1,100 conditions) and 62 mouse studies (~2.4 million data points collected under 1,085 conditions) into separate human and mouse predictive networks focused on ESC self-renewal to analyze shared and distinct functional relationships among protein-coding gene orthologs. Computational evaluations show that these networks are highly accurate, literature validation confirms their biological relevance, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation supports our predictions. Our results reflect the importance of key regulatory genes known to be strongly associated with self-renewal and pluripotency in both species (e.g., POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG), identify metabolic differences between species (e.g., threonine metabolism), clarify differences between human and mouse ESC developmental signaling pathways (e.g., leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-activated JAK/STAT in mouse; NODAL/ACTIVIN-A-activated fibroblast growth factor in human), and reveal many novel genes and pathways predicted to be functionally associated with self-renewal in each species. These interactive networks are available online at www.StemSight.org for stem cell researchers to develop new hypotheses, discover potential mechanisms involving sparsely annotated genes, and prioritize genes of interest for experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Dowell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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Transcriptome analysis of chicken ES, blastodermal and germ cells reveals that chick ES cells are equivalent to mouse ES cells rather than EpiSC. Stem Cell Res 2014; 14:54-67. [PMID: 25514344 PMCID: PMC4305369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent Embryonic Stem cell (ESC) lines can be derived from a variety of sources. Mouse lines derived from the early blastocyst and from primordial germ cells (PGCs) can contribute to all somatic lineages and to the germ line, whereas cells from slightly later embryos (EpiSC) no longer contribute to the germ line. In chick, pluripotent ESCs can be obtained from PGCs and from early blastoderms. Established PGC lines and freshly isolated blastodermal cells (cBC) can contribute to both germinal and somatic lineages but established lines from the former (cESC) can only produce somatic cell types. For this reason, cESCs are often considered to be equivalent to mouse EpiSC. To define these cell types more rigorously, we have performed comparative microarray analysis to describe a transcriptomic profile specific for each cell type. This is validated by real time RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation. We find that both cES and cBC cells express classic pluripotency-related genes (including cPOUV/OCT4, NANOG, SOX2/3, KLF2 and SALL4), whereas expression of DAZL, DND1, DDX4 and PIWIL1 defines a molecular signature for germ cells. Surprisingly, contrary to the prevailing view, our results also suggest that cES cells resemble mouse ES cells more closely than mouse EpiSC.
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46
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Cancer-like epigenetic derangements of human pluripotent stem cells and their impact on applications in regeneration and repair. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 28:43-9. [PMID: 25461449 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of work has raised concern that many human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines possess tumorigenic potential following differentiation to clinically relevant lineages. In this review, we highlight recent work characterizing the spectrum of cancer-like epigenetic derangements in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that are associated with reprogramming errors or prolonged culture that may contribute to such tumorigenicity. These aberrations include cancer-like promoter DNA hypermethylation and histone marks associated with pluripotency, as well as aberrant X-chromosome regulation. We also feature recent work that suggests optimized high-fidelity reprogramming derivation methods can minimize cancer-associated epigenetic aberrations in hPSC, and thus ultimately improve the ultimate clinical utility of hiPSC in regenerative medicine.
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48
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Experimental teratoma: at the crossroad of fetal- and onco-development. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:75-9. [PMID: 25153353 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenografting is the so far only available in vivo model for assessing pluripotency of human stem cells. This review describes known biological features of experimental teratoma from human pluripotent stem cells. We focus on the dual nature mimicking both normal and abnormal development, and propose this model system to be particularly interesting for investigations of the relationship between developmentally controlled differentiation and neoplasia of embryonic origin. In resemblance to the wide range of clinical teratomas, pluripotent stem cell (PSC) induced teratoma (PSCT) typically shows a mixture of developing tissues in randomly distributed compartments. The combined literature suggests that for teratomas derived from human diploid bona fide PSC the embryonic development in the separate tissue-niches can show a controlled differentiation into organoid patterns closely mimicking early development. In the experimental situation such PSCT human homologous in vivo tissue-niches have been shown to provide also matching microenvironment for a micrometastatic colonization and outgrowth of embryonic tumors transplanted directly from patients. Single or small clusters of normal and neoplastic cells can easily be visualized together in microscope-based imaging systems, enabling multi-parameter detection of in the scans of tissue slides/specimens.
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49
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Zhang X, Li B, Li W, Ma L, Zheng D, Li L, Yang W, Chu M, Chen W, Mailman RB, Zhu J, Fan G, Archer TK, Wang Y. Transcriptional repression by the BRG1-SWI/SNF complex affects the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:460-74. [PMID: 25241744 PMCID: PMC4266000 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex plays an important role in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), but it remains to be determined whether this complex is required for the pluripotency of human ESCs (hESCs). Using RNAi, we demonstrated that depletion of BRG1, the catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, led to impaired self-renewing ability and dysregulated lineage specification of hESCs. A unique composition of the BRG1-SWI/SNF complex in hESCs was further defined by the presence of BRG1, BAF250A, BAF170, BAF155, BAF53A, and BAF47. Genome-wide expression analyses revealed that BRG1 participated in a broad range of biological processes in hESCs through pathways different from those in mESCs. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) demonstrated that BRG1 played a repressive role in transcriptional regulation by modulating the acetylation levels of H3K27 at the enhancers of lineage-specific genes. Our data thus provide valuable insights into molecular mechanisms by which transcriptional repression affects the self-renewal and differentiation of hESCs. We report a conserved but distinct role of SWI/SNF complex in hESC pluripotency Depletion of BAF170 in SWI/SNF complex leads to impaired pluripotency of hESCs BRG1 negatively regulates transcription of lineage-specific genes BRG1 downregulates H3K27ac levels at enhancers of lineage-specific genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongyan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Weijing Yang
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Theunissen TW, Powell BE, Wang H, Mitalipova M, Faddah DA, Reddy J, Fan ZP, Maetzel D, Ganz K, Shi L, Lungjangwa T, Imsoonthornruksa S, Stelzer Y, Rangarajan S, D'Alessio A, Zhang J, Gao Q, Dawlaty MM, Young RA, Gray NS, Jaenisch R. Systematic identification of culture conditions for induction and maintenance of naive human pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:471-487. [PMID: 25090446 PMCID: PMC4184977 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) of mice and humans have distinct molecular and biological characteristics, raising the question of whether an earlier, "naive" state of pluripotency may exist in humans. Here we took a systematic approach to identify small molecules that support self-renewal of naive human ESCs based on maintenance of endogenous OCT4 distal enhancer activity, a molecular signature of ground state pluripotency. Iterative chemical screening identified a combination of five kinase inhibitors that induces and maintains OCT4 distal enhancer activity when applied directly to conventional human ESCs. These inhibitors generate human pluripotent cells in which transcription factors associated with the ground state of pluripotency are highly upregulated and bivalent chromatin domains are depleted. Comparison with previously reported naive human ESCs indicates that our conditions capture a distinct pluripotent state in humans that closely resembles that of mouse ESCs. This study presents a framework for defining the culture requirements of naive human pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin E Powell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Haoyi Wang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maya Mitalipova
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dina A Faddah
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jessica Reddy
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zi Peng Fan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dorothea Maetzel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kibibi Ganz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Linyu Shi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Lungjangwa
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Yonatan Stelzer
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Ana D'Alessio
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Gao
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Meelad M Dawlaty
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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