1
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Dong W, Lu J, Li Y, Zeng J, Du X, Yu A, Zhao X, Chi F, Xi Z, Cao S. SIRT1: a novel regulator in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117176. [PMID: 39059350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The class-III histone deacetylase SIRT1 is the most extensively investigated sirtuin deacetylase. It is resistant to the broad deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and depends on oxidized nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+). SIRT1 plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence indicates that SIRT1 is a therapeutic target for CRC; however, the function and underlying mechanism of SIRT1 in CRC still need to be elucidated. Herein, we provide a detailed and updated review to illustrate that SIRT1 regulates many processes that go awry in CRC cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, oxidative stress, resistance to chemo-radio therapy, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, we closely link our review to the clinical practice of CRC treatment, summarizing the mechanisms and prospects of SIRT1 inhibitors in CRC therapy. SIRT1 inhibitors as monotherapy in CRC or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapies are comprehensively discussed. From epigenetic regulation to its potential therapeutic effect, we hope to offer novel insights and a comprehensive understanding of SIRT1's role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Jinjing Lu
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - You Li
- Nursing Department, Liaoning Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Ao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xuechan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
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2
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Smith TAD. Gene Abnormalities and Modulated Gene Expression Associated with Radionuclide Treatment: Towards Predictive Biomarkers of Response. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:688. [PMID: 38927624 PMCID: PMC11202453 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular radiotherapy (MRT), also known as radioimmunotherapy or targeted radiotherapy, is the delivery of radionuclides to tumours by targeting receptors overexpressed on the cancer cell. Currently it is used in the treatment of a few cancer types including lymphoma, neuroendocrine, and prostate cancer. Recently reported outcomes demonstrating improvements in patient survival have led to an upsurge in interest in MRT particularly for the treatment of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, between 30% and 40% of patients do not respond. Further normal tissue exposure, especially kidney and salivary gland due to receptor expression, result in toxicity, including dry mouth. Predictive biomarkers to select patients who will benefit from MRT are crucial. Whilst pre-treatment imaging with imaging versions of the therapeutic agents is useful in demonstrating tumour binding and potentially organ toxicity, they do not necessarily predict patient benefit, which is dependent on tumour radiosensitivity. Transcript-based biomarkers have proven useful in tailoring external beam radiotherapy and adjuvant treatment. However, few studies have attempted to derive signatures for MRT response prediction. Here, transcriptomic studies that have identified genes associated with clinical radionuclide exposure have been reviewed. These studies will provide potential features for seeding multi-component biomarkers of MRT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A D Smith
- Nuclear Futures Institute, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
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3
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Sarfraz M, Abida, Eltaib L, Asdaq SMB, Guetat A, Alzahrani AK, Alanazi SS, Aaghaz S, Singla N, Imran M. Overcoming chemoresistance and radio resistance in prostate cancer: The emergent role of non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155179. [PMID: 38320439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern worldwide, with its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy presenting major hurdles in successful treatment. While patients with localized prostate cancer generally have a good survival rate, those with metastatic prostate cancer often face a grim prognosis, even with aggressive treatments using various methods. The high mortality rate in severe cases is largely due to the lack of treatment options that can offer lasting results, especially considering the significant genetic diversity found in tumors at the genomic level. This comprehensive review examines the intricate molecular mechanisms governing resistance in PCa, emphasising the pivotal contributions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We delve into the diverse roles of microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and other non-coding elements as critical regulators of key cellular processes involved in CR & RR. The review emphasizes the diagnostic potential of ncRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response, offering insights into patient stratification and personalized therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic implications of targeting ncRNAs to overcome CR & RR, highlighting innovative strategies to restore treatment sensitivity. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review not only provides a comprehension of the chemical basis of resistance in PCa but also identifies gaps in knowledge, paving the way for future research directions. Ultimately, this exploration of ncRNA perspectives offers a roadmap for advancing precision medicine in PCa, potentially transforming therapeutic paradigms and improving outcomes for patients facing the challenges of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Eltaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arbi Guetat
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Khuzaim Alzahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Applied Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shams Aaghaz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Neelam Singla
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Yang Y, Hou X, Kong S, Zha Z, Huang M, Li C, Li N, Ge F, Chen W. Intraoperative radiotherapy in breast cancer: Alterations to the tumor microenvironment and subsequent biological outcomes (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:231. [PMID: 37888611 PMCID: PMC10636769 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a precise, single high‑dose irradiation directly targeting the tumor bed during surgery. In comparison with traditional external beam RT, it minimizes damage to other normal tissues, ensures an adequate dose to the tumor bed and results in improved cosmetic outcomes and quality of life. Furthermore, IORT offers a shorter treatment duration, lower economic costs and therapeutic efficacy comparable with traditional RT. However, its relatively higher local recurrence rate limits its further clinical applications. Identifying effective radiosensitizing drugs and rational RT protocols will improve its advantages. Furthermore, IORT may not only damage DNA to directly kill breast tumor cells but also alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) to exert a sustained antitumor effect. Specific doses of IORT may exert anti‑angiogenic effects, and consequently antitumor effects, by impacting post‑radiation peripheral blood levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and delta‑like 4. IORT may also modify the postoperative wound fluid composition to continuously inhibit tumor growth, e.g. by reducing components such as microRNA (miR)‑21, miR‑221, miR‑115, oncostatin M, TNF‑β, IL‑6 and IL‑8, and by elevating levels of components such as miR‑223, to inhibit the ability of postoperative wound fluid to induce proliferation, invasion and migration of residual cancer cells. IORT can also modify cancer cell glucose metabolism to inhibit the proliferation of residual tumor cells. In addition, IORT can induce a bystander effect, eliminating the postoperative wound fluid‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and tumor stem cell phenotype. Insights gained at the molecular level may provide new directions for identifying novel therapeutic targets and approaches. A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of IORT on the breast cancer (BC) TME may further its clinical application. Hence, the present article reviews the primary effects of IORT on BC and its impact on the TME, aiming to offer fresh research perspectives for relevant professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Hou
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Shujia Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhuocen Zha
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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5
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Lim SH, Chua W, Ng W, Ip E, Marques TM, Tran NT, Gama-Carvalho M, Asghari R, Henderson C, Ma Y, de Souza P, Spring KJ. Circulating Tumour Cell Associated MicroRNA Profiles Change during Chemoradiation and Are Predictive of Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4184. [PMID: 37627212 PMCID: PMC10452825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has traditionally been treated with trimodality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant radiation +/- chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. There is currently a clinical need for biomarkers to predict treatment response and outcomes, especially during neoadjuvant therapy. Liquid biopsies in the form of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating nucleic acids in particular microRNAs (miRNA) are novel, the latter also being highly stable and clinically relevant regulators of disease. We studied a prospective cohort of 52 patients with LARC, and obtained samples at baseline, during treatment, and post-treatment. We enumerated CTCs during chemoradiation at these three time-points, using the IsofluxTM (Fluxion Biosciences Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) CTC Isolation and detection platform. We then subjected the isolated CTCs to miRNA expression analyses, using a panel of 106 miRNA candidates. We identified CTCs in 73% of patients at baseline; numbers fell and miRNA expression profiles also changed during treatment. Between baseline and during treatment (week 3) time-points, three microRNAs (hsa-miR-95, hsa-miR-10a, and hsa-miR-16-1*) were highly differentially expressed. Importantly, hsa-miR-19b-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p were found to correlate with good response to treatment. The latter (hsa-miR-483-5p) was also found to be differentially expressed between good responders and poor responders. These miRNAs represent potential predictive biomarkers, and thus a potential miRNA-based treatment strategy. In this study, we demonstrate that CTCs are present and can be isolated in the non-metastatic early-stage cancer setting, and their associated miRNA profiles can potentially be utilized to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Lim
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Emilia Ip
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Tania M. Marques
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (T.M.M.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Nham T. Tran
- School Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (T.M.M.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Ray Asghari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW 2200, Australia;
| | | | - Yafeng Ma
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Spring
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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6
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Darvish L, Bahreyni-Toossi MT, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Firouzjaei AA, Amraee A, Tarighatnia A, Azimian H. Inducing apoptosis by using microRNA in radio-resistant prostate cancer: an in-silico study with an in-vitro validation. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08545-8. [PMID: 37294470 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the problems with radiation therapy (RT) is that prostate tumor cells are often radio-resistant, which results in treatment failure. This study aimed to determine the procedure involved in radio-resistant prostate cancer apoptosis. For a deeper insight, we devoted a novel bioinformatics approach to analyze the targeting between microRNAs and radio-resistant prostate cancer genes. METHOD This study uses the Tarbase, and the Mirtarbase databases as validated experimental databases and mirDIP as a predicted database to identify microRNAs that target radio-resistant anti-apoptotic genes. These genes are used to construct the radio-resistant prostate cancer genes network using the online tool STRING. The validation of causing apoptosis by using microRNA was confirmed with flow cytometry of Annexin V. RESULTS The anti-apoptotic gene of radio-resistant prostate cancer included BCL-2, MCL1, XIAP, STAT3, NOTCH1, REL, REL B, BIRC3, and AKT1 genes. These genes were identified as anti-apoptotic genes for radio-resistant prostate cancer. The crucial microRNA that knockdown all of these genes was hsa-miR-7-5p. The highest rate of apoptotic cells in a cell transfected with hsa-miR-7-5p was (32.90 ± 1.49), plenti III (21.99 ± 3.72), and the control group (5.08 ± 0.88) in 0 Gy (P < 0.001); also, this rate was in miR-7-5p (47.01 ± 2.48), plenti III (33.79 ± 3.40), and the control group (16.98 ± 3.11) (P < 0.001) for 4 Gy. CONCLUSION The use of this new treatment such as gene therapy to suppress genes involved in apoptosis can help to improve the treatment results and increase the quality of life of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Darvish
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Amraee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighatnia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Darvish L, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H, Shakeri M, Dolat E, Ahmadizad Firouzjaei A, Rezaie S, Amraee A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. The role of microRNA-induced apoptosis in diverse radioresistant cancers. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110580. [PMID: 36581218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cancer radiotherapy is one of the biggest concerns for success in treating and preventing recurrent disease. Malignant tumors may develop when they block genetic mutations associated with apoptosis or abnormal expression of apoptosis; Tumor treatment may induce the expression of apoptosis-related genes to promote tumor cell apoptosis. MicroRNAs have been shown to contribute to forecasting prognosis, distinguishing between cancer subtypes, and affecting treatment outcomes in cancer. Constraining these miRNAs may be an attractive treatment strategy to help overcome radiation resistance. The delivery of these future treatments is still challenging due to the excess downstream targets that each miRNA can control. Understanding the role of miRNAs brings us one step closer to attaining patient treatment and improving patient outcomes. This review summarized the current information on the role of microRNA-induced apoptosis in determining the radiosensitivity of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Darvish
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Azimian
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shakeri
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Dolat
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Amraee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Qiu J, Fang Y, Xiao S, Zeng F. AP2a-Mediated Upregulation of miR-125a-5p Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury via BRD4/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Radiat Res 2023; 199:148-160. [PMID: 36469904 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00107.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used to restrain tumor progression, but it is always accompanied by damage to healthy tissues. We aimed to probe the impact and mechanism of activator protein 2a (AP2a) and miR-125a-5p in radiation-induced oxidative stress injury. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with X rays to induce radiation injury in vitro. Cell viability was measured using MTT assays. Flow cytometry assay was employed to detect the apoptosis rate. Oxidative stress markers were evaluated by detection kits. Gene or protein levels were determined by RT-qPCR or Western blotting. Validation of the interaction of miR-125a-5p with BRD4 and AP2a was conducted by dual luciferase assay or ChIP. MiR-125a-5p and AP2a were decreased in irradiated HUVECs, whereas BRD4 was increased. MiR-125a-5p overexpression or BRD4 silencing alleviated the cell viability decline, apoptosis, and oxidative stress injury caused by radiation treatment. MiR-125a-5p repressed the BRD4 level. The protective effects of miR-125a-5p overexpression in the radiation-induced oxidative injury were impeded by BRD4 overexpression. Moreover, AP2a bound to the promoter of miR-125a-5p. MiR-125a-5p inhibition reversed the effects of AP2a overexpression on radiational oxidative injury by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. AP2a transcriptionally activated miR-125a-5p ameliorated oxidative stress injury of HUVECs caused by radiation through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- The Second Tumor Ward, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410016, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shengyi Xiao
- The Second Tumor Ward, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410016, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Furen Zeng
- The Second Tumor Ward, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410016, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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9
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Wang J, Sun X, Yang Z, Li S, Wang Y, Ren R, Liu Z, Yu D. Epigenetic regulation in premature ovarian failure: A literature review. Front Physiol 2023; 13:998424. [PMID: 36685174 PMCID: PMC9846267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF), or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease characterized by amenorrhea, decreased estrogen levels and increased female gonadotropin levels. The incidence of POF is increasing annually, and POF has become one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age. The etiology and pathogenesis of POF are complex and have not yet been clearly elucidated. In addition to genetic factors, an increasing number of studies have revealed that epigenetic changes play an important role in the occurrence and development of POF. However, we found that very few papers have summarized epigenetic variations in POF, and a systematic analysis of this topic is therefore necessary. In this article, by reviewing and analyzing the most relevant literature in this research field, we expound on the relationship between DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA expression and the development of POF. We also analyzed how environmental factors affect POF through epigenetic modulation. Additionally, we discuss potential epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetic treatment targets for POF. We anticipate that our paper may provide new therapeutic clues for improving ovarian function and maintaining fertility in POF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Changchun, China
| | | | | | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changchun, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ruoxue Ren
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Dehai Yu,
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10
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Guo J, Jin K, Tang T, Liu HM, Xie YA. A new biomarker to enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular cancer: miRNAs. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3217-3228. [PMID: 35968820 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This review summarizes findings regarding miRNAs that modulate radiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluates their potential clinical therapeutic uses. Materials & methods: We searched the relevant English-language medical databases for papers on miRNAs and radiation therapy for tumors to identify miRNAs that are linked with radiosensitivity and radioresistance, focusing on those associated with HCC radiation. Results: There were 88 papers assessed for miRNAs associated with tumor radiation, 56 of which dealt with radiosensitization, 21 with radioresistance and 11 with radiosensitization for HCC. Conclusion: Further work in this area would enable future evaluation of radiation responses and the potential use of miRNAs as therapeutic agents in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health & Birth Defects Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yu-An Xie
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health & Birth Defects Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China.,Experimental Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women & Children Care Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China
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11
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Wang Y, Han Y, Jin Y, He Q, Wang Z. The Advances in Epigenetics for Cancer Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105654. [PMID: 35628460 PMCID: PMC9145982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important factor threatening human life and health; in recent years, its morbidity and mortality remain high and demosntrate an upward trend. It is of great significance to study its pathogenesis and targeted therapy. As the complex mechanisms of epigenetic modification has been increasingly discovered, they are more closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. As a reversible response, epigenetic modification is of great significance for the improvement of classical therapeutic measures and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. It has become a research focusto explore the multi-level mechanisms of RNA, DNA, chromatin and proteins. As an important means of cancer treatment, radiotherapy has made great progress in technology, methods, means and targeted sensitization after years of rapid development, and even research on radiotherapy based on epigenetic modification is rampant. A series of epigenetic effects of radiation on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromosome remodeling, RNA modification and non-coding RNA during radiotherapy affects the therapeutic effects and prognosis. Starting from the epigenetic mechanism of tumorigenesis, this paper reviews the latest progress in the mechanism of interaction between epigenetic modification and cancer radiotherapy and briefly introduces the main types, mechanisms and applications of epigenetic modifiers used for radiotherapy sensitization in order to explore a more individual and dynamic approach of cancer treatment based on epigenetic mechanism. This study strives to make a modest contribution to the progress of human disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang He
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-431-85619443 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-431-85619443 (Z.W.)
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12
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Morilla I, Chan P, Caffin F, Svilar L, Selbonne S, Ladaigue S, Buard V, Tarlet G, Micheau B, Paget V, François A, Souidi M, Martin JC, Vaudry D, Benadjaoud MA, Milliat F, Guipaud O. Deep models of integrated multiscale molecular data decipher the endothelial cell response to ionizing radiation. iScience 2022; 25:103685. [PMID: 35106469 PMCID: PMC8786676 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a hot spot in the response to radiation therapy for both tumors and normal tissues. To improve patient outcomes, interpretable systemic hypotheses are needed to help radiobiologists and radiation oncologists propose endothelial targets that could protect normal tissues from the adverse effects of radiation therapy and/or enhance its antitumor potential. To this end, we captured the kinetics of multi-omics layers-i.e. miRNome, targeted transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome-in irradiated primary human endothelial cells cultured in vitro. We then designed a strategy of deep learning as in convolutional graph networks that facilitates unsupervised high-level feature extraction of important omics data to learn how ionizing radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction may evolve over time. Last, we present experimental data showing that some of the features identified using our approach are involved in the alteration of angiogenesis by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Morilla
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Philippe Chan
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomic Platform, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Fanny Caffin
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13007 Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13205 Marseille Cedex 01, France
| | - Sonia Selbonne
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Ségolène Ladaigue
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Sorbonne University, Doctoral College, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Béatrice Micheau
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès François
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Accidental Exposure Laboratory (LRAcc), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13007 Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13205 Marseille Cedex 01, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomic Platform, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed-Amine Benadjaoud
- IRSN, Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine Research Service (SERAMED), 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- IRSN, Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory (LRMed), Human Health Radiation Protection Unit, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Corresponding author
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13
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Dahiya DS, Kichloo A, Tuma F, Albosta M, Wani F. Radiation Proctitis and Management Strategies. Clin Endosc 2021; 55:22-32. [PMID: 34788934 PMCID: PMC8831406 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2020.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment modality that uses high-energy rays or radioactive agents to generate ionizing radiation against rapidly dividing cells. The main objective of using radiation in cancer therapy is to impair or halt the division of the tumor cells. Over the past few decades, advancements in technology, the introduction of newer methods of RT, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cancers have enabled physicians to deliver doses of radiation that match the exact dimensions of the tumor for greater efficacy, with minimal exposure of the surrounding tissues. However, RT has numerous complications, the most common being radiation proctitis (RP). It is characterized by damage to the rectal epithelium by secondary ionizing radiation. Based on the onset of signs and symptoms, post-radiotherapy RP can be classified as acute or chronic, each with varying levels of severity and complication rates. The treatment options available for RP are limited, with most of the data on treatment available from case reports or small studies. Here, we describe the types of RT used in modern-day medicine and radiation-mediated tissue injury. We have primarily focused on the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment strategies, complications, and prognosis of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asim Kichloo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, NY, USA
| | - Faiz Tuma
- Department of Surgery, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - Michael Albosta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - Farah Wani
- Department of Family Medicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, NY, USA
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14
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Leung CT, Yang Y, Yu KN, Tam N, Chan TF, Lin X, Kong RYC, Chiu JMY, Wong AST, Lui WY, Yuen KWY, Lai KP, Wu RSS. Low-Dose Radiation Can Cause Epigenetic Alterations Associated With Impairments in Both Male and Female Reproductive Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:710143. [PMID: 34408775 PMCID: PMC8365519 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.710143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are regularly and continuously exposed to ionizing radiation from both natural and artificial sources. Cumulating evidence shows adverse effects of ionizing radiation on both male and female reproductive systems, including reduction of testis weight and sperm count and reduction of female germ cells and premature ovarian failure. While most of the observed effects were caused by DNA damage and disturbance of DNA repairment, ionizing radiation may also alter DNA methylation, histone, and chromatin modification, leading to epigenetic changes and transgenerational effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic changes and transgenerational reproductive impairment induced by low-dose radiation remain largely unknown. In this study, two different types of human ovarian cells and two different types of testicular cells were exposed to low dose of ionizing radiation, followed by bioinformatics analysis (including gene ontology functional analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis), to unravel and compare epigenetic effects and pathway changes in male and female reproductive cells induced by ionizing radiation. Our findings showed that the radiation could alter the expression of gene cluster related to DNA damage responses through the control of MYC. Furthermore, ionizing radiation could lead to gender-specific reproductive impairment through deregulation of different gene networks. More importantly, the observed epigenetic modifications induced by ionizing radiation are mediated through the alteration of chromatin remodeling and telomere function. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that ionizing radiation may alter the epigenome of germ cells, leading to transgenerational reproductive impairments, and correspondingly call for research in this new emerging area which remains almost unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Tim Leung
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Yang
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Nathan Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jill Man Ying Chiu
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Wing Yee Yuen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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15
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Aryankalayil MJ, Martello S, Bylicky MA, Chopra S, May JM, Shankardass A, MacMillan L, Sun L, Sanjak J, Vanpouille-Box C, Eke I, Coleman CN. Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA expression pattern in heart tissue after total body radiation in a mouse model. J Transl Med 2021; 19:336. [PMID: 34364390 PMCID: PMC8349067 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy is integral to effective thoracic cancer treatments, but its application is limited by sensitivity of critical organs such as the heart. The impacts of acute radiation-induced damage and its chronic effects on normal heart cells are highly relevant in radiotherapy with increasing lifespans of patients. Biomarkers for normal tissue damage after radiation exposure, whether accidental or therapeutic, are being studied as indicators of both acute and delayed effects. Recent research has highlighted the potential importance of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers to assess radiation damage. Understanding changes in mRNA and non-coding RNA expression will elucidate biological pathway changes after radiation. Methods To identify significant expression changes in mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs, we performed whole transcriptome microarray analysis of mouse heart tissue at 48 h after whole-body irradiation with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 Gray (Gy). We also validated changes in specific lncRNAs through RT-qPCR. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify pathways associated with gene expression changes. Results We observed sustained increases in lncRNAs and mRNAs, across all doses of radiation. Alas2, Aplnr, and Cxc3r1 were the most significantly downregulated mRNAs across all doses. Among the significantly upregulated mRNAs were cell-cycle arrest biomarkers Gdf15, Cdkn1a, and Ckap2. Additionally, IPA identified significant changes in gene expression relevant to senescence, apoptosis, hemoglobin synthesis, inflammation, and metabolism. LncRNAs Abhd11os, Pvt1, Trp53cor1, and Dino showed increased expression with increasing doses of radiation. We did not observe any miRNAs with sustained up- or downregulation across all doses, but miR-149-3p, miR-6538, miR-8101, miR-7118-5p, miR-211-3p, and miR-3960 were significantly upregulated after 12 Gy. Conclusions Radiation-induced RNA expression changes may be predictive of normal tissue toxicities and may indicate targetable pathways for radiation countermeasure development and improved radiotherapy treatment plans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02998-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jared M May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aman Shankardass
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Landy Sun
- Gryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, 20912, USA
| | | | | | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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16
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Petrović N, Stanojković TP, Nikitović M. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer following radiotherapy: Towards predicting response to radiation treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1543-1560. [PMID: 34348602 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804085135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed male cancer worldwide. Early diagnosis of PCa, response to therapy and prognosis still represent a challenge. Nearly 60% of PCa patients undergo radiation therapy (RT) which might cause side effects. In spite of numerous researches in this field, predictive biomarkers for radiation toxicity are still not elucidated. MicroRNAs as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression are shown to be changed during and after irradiation. Manipulation with miRNA levels might be used to modulate response to RT-to reverse radioresistance-to induce radiosensitivity, or if needed, to reduce sensitivity to treatment to avoid side effects. In this review we have listed and described miRNAs involved in response to RT in PCa, and highlighted potential candidates for future biological tests predicting radiation response to RT, with the special focus on side effects of RT. Individual radiation response is a result of the interactions between physical characteristics of radiation treatment and biological background of each patient, and miRNA expression changes among others. According to described literature we concluded that let-7, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-155, and members of miR-17/92 cluster might be promising candidates for biological tests predicting radiosensitivity of PCa patients undergoing radiation treatment, and as future agents for modulation of radiation response. Predictive miRNA panels, especially for acute and late side effects of RT can serve as a starting point for decisions for individualized RT planning. We believe that this review might be one step closer to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying individual radiation response of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petrović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade. Serbia
| | - Tatjana P Stanojković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade. Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade. Serbia
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17
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Kong X, Yu D, Wang Z, Li S. Relationship between p53 status and the bioeffect of ionizing radiation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:661. [PMID: 34386083 PMCID: PMC8299044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer patients and it may be used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to inhibit tumor development. However, radiotherapy may at times not kill all cancer cells completely, as certain cells may develop radioresistance that counteracts the effects of radiation. The emergence of radioresistance is associated with the genetic background and epigenetic regulation of cells. p53 is an important tumor suppressor gene that is expressed at low levels in cells. However, when cells are subjected to stress-induced stimulation, the expression level of p53 increases, thereby preventing genomic disruption. This mechanism has important roles in maintaining cell stability and inhibiting carcinogenesis. However, mutation and deletion destroy the anticancer function of p53 and may induce carcinogenesis. In tumor radiotherapy, the status of p53 expression in cancer cells has a close relationship with radiotherapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding how p53 expression affects the cellular response to radiation is of great significance for solving the problem of radioresistance and improving radiotherapeutic outcomes. For the present review, the literature was searched for studies published between 1979 and 2021 using the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with the following key words: Wild-type p53, mutant-type p53, long non-coding RNA, microRNA, gene mutation, radioresistance and radiosensitivity. From the relevant studies retrieved, the association between different p53 mutants and cellular radiosensitivity, as well as the molecular mechanisms of p53 affecting the radiosensitivity of cells, were summarized. The aim of the present study was to provide useful information for understanding and resolving radioresistance, to help clinical researchers develop more accurate treatment strategies and to improve radiotherapeutic outcomes for cancer patients with p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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18
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De Santis C, Götte M. The Role of microRNA Let-7d in Female Malignancies and Diseases of the Female Reproductive Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147359. [PMID: 34298978 PMCID: PMC8305730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Let-7d is a microRNA of the conserved let-7 family that is dysregulated in female malignancies including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. Moreover, a dysregulation is observed in endometriosis and pregnancy-associated diseases such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Let-7d expression is regulated by cytokines and steroids, involving transcriptional regulation by OCT4, MYC and p53, as well as posttranscriptional regulation via LIN28 and ADAR. By downregulating a wide range of relevant mRNA targets, let-7d affects cellular processes that drive disease progression such as cell proliferation, apoptosis (resistance), angiogenesis and immune cell function. In an oncological context, let-7d has a tumor-suppressive function, although some of its functions are context-dependent. Notably, its expression is associated with improved therapeutic responses to chemotherapy in breast and ovarian cancer. Studies in mouse models have furthermore revealed important roles in uterine development and function, with implications for obstetric diseases. Apart from a possible utility as a diagnostic blood-based biomarker, pharmacological modulation of let-7d emerges as a promising therapeutic concept in a variety of female disease conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Fertility/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy
- Genital Diseases, Female/genetics
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/drug therapy
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/physiology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/physiology
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19
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Petrović N, Nakashidze I, Nedeljković M. Breast Cancer Response to Therapy: Can microRNAs Lead the Way? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:157-178. [PMID: 33479880 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death among women with malignant diseases. The selection of adequate therapies for highly invasive and metastatic BCs still represents a major challenge. Novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches are urgently required to enhance the efficiency of BC treatment. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as key regulators of the complex mechanisms that govern BC therapeutic resistance and susceptibility. In the present review we aim to critically examine how miRNAs influence BC response to therapies, or how to use miRNAs as a basis for new therapeutic approaches. We summarized recent findings in this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the challenges still ahead for the successful implementation of miRNAs into BC treatment while providing insights for future BC management.The goal of this review was to propose miRNAs, that might simultaneously improve the efficacy of all four therapies that are the backbone of current BC management (radio-, chemo-, targeted, and hormone therapy). Among the described miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-16 emerged as the most promising, closely followed by miR-205, miR-451, miR-182, and miRNAs from the let-7 family. miR-21 inhibition might be the best choice for future improvement of invasive BC treatment.New therapeutic strategies of miRNA-based agents alongside current standard treatment modalities could greatly benefit BC patients. This review represents a guideline on how to navigate this elaborate puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petrović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Irina Nakashidze
- Department of Biology, Natural Science and Health Care, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili str. 35, 6010, Batumi, Georgia
| | - Milica Nedeljković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Vahabi M, Blandino G, Di Agostino S. MicroRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a possible challenge as biomarkers, determinants for the choice of therapy and targets for personalized molecular therapies. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3090-3110. [PMID: 35116619 PMCID: PMC8797920 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are referred to a group of heterogeneous cancers that include structures of aerodigestive tract such as oral and nasal cavity, salivary glands, oropharynx, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses, and local lymph nodes. HNSCC is characterized by frequent alterations of several genes such as TP53, PIK3CA, CDKN2A, NOTCH1, and MET as well as copy number increase in EGFR, CCND1, and PIK3CA. These genomic alterations play a role in terms of resistance to chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and prediction of patient outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded noncoding RNAs which are about 19-25 nucleotides. They are involved in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC including dysregulation of cell survival, proliferation, cellular differentiation, adhesion, and invasion. The discovery of the stable presence of the miRNAs in all human body made them attractive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or as targets for novel therapeutic ways, enabling personalized treatment for HNSCC. In recent times the number of papers concerning the characterization of miRNAs in the HNSCC tumorigenesis has grown a lot. In this review, we discuss the very recent studies on different aspects of miRNA dysregulation with their clinical significance and we apologize for the many past and most recent works that have not been mentioned. We also discuss miRNA-based therapy that are being tested on patients by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, via Elio Chianesi, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, via Elio Chianesi, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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Angerilli V, Galuppini F, Businello G, Dal Santo L, Savarino E, Realdon S, Guzzardo V, Nicolè L, Lazzarin V, Lonardi S, Loupakis F, Fassan M. MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030318. [PMID: 33801049 PMCID: PMC8003870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of precision therapies against specific gene alterations characterizing different neoplasms is revolutionizing the oncology field, opening novel treatment scenarios. However, the onset of resistance mechanisms put in place by the tumor is increasingly emerging, making the use of these drugs ineffective over time. Therefore, the search for indicators that can monitor the development of resistance mechanisms and above all ways to overcome it, is increasingly important. In this scenario, microRNAs are ideal candidate biomarkers, being crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with a well-known role in mediating mechanisms of drug resistance. Moreover, as microRNAs are stable molecules, easily detectable in tissues and biofluids, they are the ideal candidate biomarker to identify patients with primary resistance to a specific targeted therapy and those who have developed acquired resistance. The aim of this review is to summarize the major studies that have investigated the role of microRNAs as mediators of resistance to targeted therapies currently in use in gastro-intestinal neoplasms, namely anti-EGFR, anti-HER2 and anti-VEGF antibodies, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. For every microRNA and microRNA signature analyzed, the putative mechanisms underlying drug resistance were outlined and the potential to be translated in clinical practice was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Angerilli
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Gianluca Businello
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Luca Dal Santo
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.R.); (S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Vanni Lazzarin
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.R.); (S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.R.); (S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.D.S.); (V.G.); (L.N.); (V.L.)
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), 35100 Padua, Italy; (S.R.); (S.L.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-1312
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22
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Leduc A, Chaouni S, Pouzoulet F, De Marzi L, Megnin-Chanet F, Corre E, Stefan D, Habrand JL, Sichel F, Laurent C. Differential normal skin transcriptomic response in total body irradiated mice exposed to scattered versus scanned proton beams. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5876. [PMID: 33712719 PMCID: PMC7955113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy allows to avoid excess radiation dose on normal tissues. However, there are some limitations. Indeed, passive delivery of proton beams results in an increase in the lateral dose upstream of the tumor and active scanning leads to strong differences in dose delivery. This study aims to assess possible differences in the transcriptomic response of skin in C57BL/6 mice after TBI irradiation by active or passive proton beams at the dose of 6 Gy compared to unirradiated mice. In that purpose, total RNA was extracted from skin samples 3 months after irradiation and RNA-Seq was performed. Results showed that active and passive delivery lead to completely different transcription profiles. Indeed, 140 and 167 genes were differentially expressed after active and passive scanning compared to unirradiated, respectively, with only one common gene corresponding to RIKEN cDNA 9930021J03. Moreover, protein-protein interactions performed by STRING analysis showed that 31 and 25 genes are functionally related after active and passive delivery, respectively, with no common gene between both types of proton delivery. Analysis showed that active scanning led to the regulation of genes involved in skin development which was not the case with passive delivery. Moreover, 14 ncRNA were differentially regulated after active scanning against none for passive delivery. Active scanning led to 49 potential mRNA-ncRNA pairs with one ncRNA mainly involved, Gm44383 which is a miRNA. The 43 genes potentially regulated by the miRNA Gm44393 confirmed an important role of active scanning on skin keratin pathway. Our results demonstrated that there are differences in skin gene expression still 3 months after proton irradiation versus unirradiated mouse skin. And strong differences do exist in late skin gene expression between scattered or scanned proton beams. Further investigations are strongly needed to understand this discrepancy and to improve treatments by proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Leduc
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Samia Chaouni
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Institut Curie, RadeXp Platform, centre universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Proton Therapy Centre, Centre Universitaire, 91898, Orsay, France
| | - Frédérique Megnin-Chanet
- INSERM U1196/UMR9187 CMIB, University Paris-Saclay, Institut Curie-Recherche, bât. 112, rue H. Becquerel, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, R2424, ABiMS platform, Station Biologique, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Dinu Stefan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
- Radiotherapy Department, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Louis Habrand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
- Radiotherapy Department, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Carine Laurent
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France.
- SAPHYN/ARCHADE (Advanced Resource Centre for HADrontherapy in Europe), Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France.
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23
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Role of microRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis Induced by Asbestos. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020097. [PMID: 33546236 PMCID: PMC7913345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding endogenous RNAs 19–25 nucleotides long, which play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNA targets with subsequent repression of translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Lung cancer is usually associated with tobacco smoking. However, about 25% of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never smoked. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, asbestos has been classified as one of the cancerogenic factors for lung cancer. The mechanism of malignant transformation under the influence of asbestos is associated with the genotoxic effect of reactive oxygen species, which initiate the processes of DNA damage in the cell. However, epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in the microRNA expression profile may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs can serve as a biomarker of the effects of various adverse environmental factors on the human body. This review examines the role of microRNAs, the expression profile of which changes upon exposure to asbestos, in key processes of carcinogenesis, such as proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, neo-angiogenesis, and immune response avoidance.
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24
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Belli M, Indovina L. The Response of Living Organisms to Low Radiation Environment and Its Implications in Radiation Protection. Front Public Health 2020; 8:601711. [PMID: 33384980 PMCID: PMC7770185 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.601711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Life has evolved on Earth for about 4 billion years in the presence of the natural background of ionizing radiation. It is extremely likely that it contributed, and still contributes, to shaping present form of life. Today the natural background radiation is extremely small (few mSv/y), however it may be significant enough for living organisms to respond to it, perhaps keeping memory of this exposure. A better understanding of this response is relevant not only for improving our knowledge on life evolution, but also for assessing the robustness of the present radiation protection system at low doses, such as those typically encountered in everyday life. Given the large uncertainties in epidemiological data below 100 mSv, quantitative evaluation of these health risk is currently obtained with the aid of radiobiological models. These predict a health detriment, caused by radiation-induced genetic mutations, linearly related to the dose. However a number of studies challenged this paradigm by demonstrating the occurrence of non-linear responses at low doses, and of radioinduced epigenetic effects, i.e., heritable changes in genes expression not related to changes in DNA sequence. This review is focused on the role that epigenetic mechanisms, besides the genetic ones, can have in the responses to low dose and protracted exposures, particularly to natural background radiation. Many lines of evidence show that epigenetic modifications are involved in non-linear responses relevant to low doses, such as non-targeted effects and adaptive response, and that genetic and epigenetic effects share, in part, a common origin: the reactive oxygen species generated by ionizing radiation. Cell response to low doses of ionizing radiation appears more complex than that assumed for radiation protection purposes and that it is not always detrimental. Experiments conducted in underground laboratories with very low background radiation have even suggested positive effects of this background. Studying the changes occurring in various living organisms at reduced radiation background, besides giving information on the life evolution, have opened a new avenue to answer whether low doses are detrimental or beneficial, and to understand the relevance of radiobiological results to radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Indovina
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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25
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Konoshenko MY, Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. miRNAs and radiotherapy response in prostate cancer. Andrology 2020; 9:529-545. [PMID: 33053272 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaining insight into microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes that regulate the therapeutic response of cancer diseases in general and prostate cancer (PCa) in particular is an important issue in current molecular biomedicine and allows the discovery of predictive miRNA targets. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the available data on the influence of radiotherapy (RT) on miRNA expression and on miRNA involved in radiotherapy response in PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data used in this review were extracted from research papers and the DIANA, STRING, and other databases with a special focus on the mechanisms of radiotherapy PCa response and the miRNA involved and associated genes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A search for miRNA prognostic and therapeutic effectiveness markers should rely on both the data of recent experimental studies on the influence of RT on miRNA expression and miRNAs involved in regulation of radiosensitivity in PCa and on bioinformatics resources. miRNA panels and genes targeted by them and involved in radioresponse regulation highlighted by meta-analysis and cross-analysis of the data in the present review have. CONCLUSION Selected miRNA and gene panel has good potential as prognostic and radiotherapy effectiveness markers for PCa and, moreover, as radiotherapy effectiveness markers in other types of cancer, as the proposed model is not specific to PCa, which opens up opportunities for the development of a universal diagnostic system (or several intersecting systems) for oncology radiotherapy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
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MicroRNA-107 enhances radiosensitivity by suppressing granulin in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14584. [PMID: 32883962 PMCID: PMC7471693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Radiotherapy is often applied for the treatment, but radioresistance is a challenge in some patients. MicroRNAs have been reported to be involved in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation and recent studies have reported microRNA-mediated radiosensitivity. In the present study, we found microRNA-107 (miR-107) enhanced radiosensitivity by regulating granulin (GRN) in prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. MiR-107 was downregulated and GRN was upregulated in response to ionizing radiation in PC-3 cells. Overexpression of miR-107 and knockdown of GRN promoted the sensitivity of PC3 cells to ionizing radiation. By rescue experiments of GRN, we revealed that radiosensitivity enhanced by miR-107 can be attenuated by GRN overexpression in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, we showed miR-107 enhanced radiation-induced G1/S phase arrest and G2/M phase transit, and identify delayed apoptosis by suppressing p21 and phosphorylation of CHK2. Collectively, these results highlight an unrecognized mechanism of miR-107-mediated GRN regulation in response to ionizing radiation and may advance therapeutic strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Ionizing Radiation-Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Their Relevance to Radiation Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175993. [PMID: 32825382 PMCID: PMC7503247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present system of radiation protection assumes that exposure at low doses and/or low dose-rates leads to health risks linearly related to the dose. They are evaluated by a combination of epidemiological data and radiobiological models. The latter imply that radiation induces deleterious effects via genetic mutation caused by DNA damage with a linear dose-dependence. This picture is challenged by the observation of radiation-induced epigenetic effects (changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence) and of non-linear responses, such as non-targeted and adaptive responses, that in turn can be controlled by gene expression networks. Here, we review important aspects of the biological response to ionizing radiation in which epigenetic mechanisms are, or could be, involved, focusing on the possible implications to the low dose issue in radiation protection. We examine in particular radiation-induced cancer, non-cancer diseases and transgenerational (hereditary) effects. We conclude that more realistic models of radiation-induced cancer should include epigenetic contribution, particularly in the initiation and progression phases, while the impact on hereditary risk evaluation is expected to be low. Epigenetic effects are also relevant in the dispute about possible "beneficial" effects at low dose and/or low dose-rate exposures, including those given by the natural background radiation.
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Wadowska K, Trembecki Ł, Bil-Lula I. Markers Useful in Monitoring Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Lung Cancer Patients: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030072. [PMID: 32722546 PMCID: PMC7565537 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, lung cancer was the most common cancer and the most common cause of cancer death, accounting for a 1.76 million deaths. Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used and effective non-surgical cancer treatment that induces remission in, and even cures, patients with lung cancer. However, RT faces some restrictions linked to the radioresistance and treatment toxicity, manifesting in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). About 30–40% of lung cancer patients will develop RILI, which next to the local recurrence and distant metastasis is a substantial challenge to the successful management of lung cancer treatment. These data indicate an urgent need of looking for novel, precise biomarkers of individual response and risk of side effects in the course of RT. The aim of this review was to summarize both preclinical and clinical approaches in RILI monitoring that could be brought into clinical practice. Next to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) that was reported as one of the most important growth factors expressed in the tissues after ionizing radiation (IR), there is a group of novel, potential biomarkers—microRNAs—that may be used as predictive biomarkers in therapy response and disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Wadowska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Trembecki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
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Sabirzhanov B, Makarevich O, Barrett JP, Jackson IL, Glaser EP, Faden AI, Stoica BA. Irradiation-Induced Upregulation of miR-711 Inhibits DNA Repair and Promotes Neurodegeneration Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155239. [PMID: 32718090 PMCID: PMC7432239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for brain tumors induces neuronal DNA damage and may lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. We investigated the mechanisms of radiation-induced neuronal cell death and the role of miR-711 in the regulation of these pathways. We used in vitro and in vivo models of radiation-induced neuronal cell death. We showed that X-ray exposure in primary cortical neurons induced activation of p53-mediated mechanisms including intrinsic apoptotic pathways with sequential upregulation of BH3-only molecules, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and AIF-1, as well as senescence pathways including upregulation of p21WAF1/Cip1. These pathways of irradiation-induced neuronal apoptosis may involve miR-711-dependent downregulation of pro-survival genes Akt and Ang-1. Accordingly, we demonstrated that inhibition of miR-711 attenuated degradation of Akt and Ang-1 mRNAs and reduced intrinsic apoptosis after neuronal irradiation; likewise, administration of Ang-1 was neuroprotective. Importantly, irradiation also downregulated two novel miR-711 targets, DNA-repair genes Rad50 and Rad54l2, which may impair DNA damage responses, amplifying the stimulation of apoptotic and senescence pathways and contributing to neurodegeneration. Inhibition of miR-711 rescued Rad50 and Rad54l2 expression after neuronal irradiation, enhancing DNA repair and reducing p53-dependent apoptotic and senescence pathways. Significantly, we showed that brain irradiation in vivo persistently elevated miR-711, downregulated its targets, including pro-survival and DNA-repair molecules, and is associated with markers of neurodegeneration, not only across the cortex and hippocampus but also specifically in neurons isolated from the irradiated brain. Our data suggest that irradiation-induced miR-711 negatively modulates multiple pro-survival and DNA-repair mechanisms that converge to activate neuronal intrinsic apoptosis and senescence. Using miR-711 inhibitors to block the development of these regulated neurodegenerative pathways, thus increasing neuronal survival, may be an effective neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Sabirzhanov
- Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, BRB 6-015, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (O.M.); (J.P.B.); (E.P.G.); (A.I.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (B.A.S.)
| | - Oleg Makarevich
- Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, BRB 6-015, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (O.M.); (J.P.B.); (E.P.G.); (A.I.F.)
| | - James P. Barrett
- Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, BRB 6-015, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (O.M.); (J.P.B.); (E.P.G.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Isabel L. Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF 700-B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Ethan P. Glaser
- Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, BRB 6-015, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (O.M.); (J.P.B.); (E.P.G.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, BRB 6-015, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (O.M.); (J.P.B.); (E.P.G.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Bogdan A. Stoica
- Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, BRB 6-015, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (O.M.); (J.P.B.); (E.P.G.); (A.I.F.)
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (B.A.S.)
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30
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Ritter GS, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Proskurina AS, Kisaretova PE, Taranov OS, Dubatolova TD, Dolgova EV, Potter EA, Kirikovich SS, Efremov YR, Bayborodin SI, Romanenko MV, Meschaninova MI, Venyaminova AG, Kolchanov NA, Shurdov MA, Bogachev SS. Characterization of biological peculiarities of the radioprotective activity of double-stranded RNA isolated from Saccharomyces сerevisiae. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1173-1191. [PMID: 32658564 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE Protection from ionizing radiation is the most important component in the curing malignant neoplasms, servicing atomic reactors, and resolving the situations associated with uncontrolled radioactive pollutions. In this regard, discovering new effective radioprotectors as well as novel principles of protecting living organisms from high-dose radiation is the most important factor, determining the new approaches in medical and technical usage of radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animals were irradiated on the γ-emitter (Cs137) with a dose of 9.4 Gy. Radioprotective properties of several agents (total RNA, single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA and B-190) were estimated by the survival/death rates of experimental animals within 30-90 d. Pathomorphological examination of internal organs end electron microscope assay was done on days 9-12 after irradiation. Cloning and other molecular procedures were performed accordingly to commonly accepted protocols. For assessment of the internalization of labeled nucleic acid, bone marrow cells were incubated with double-stranded RNA labeled with 6-FAM fluorescent dye. Cells with internalized double-stranded RNA were assayed using Axio Imager M1 microscope. In the other experiment, bone marrow cells after incubation with double-stranded RNA were stained with Cy5-labeled anti-CD34 antibodies and assayed using Axioskop 2 microscope. RESULTS In this study, several biological features of the radioprotective action of double-stranded RNA are characterized. It was shown that 160 µg of the double-stranded RNA per mouse protect experimental animals from the absolutely lethal dose of γ-radiation of 9.4 Gy. In different experiments, 80-100% of irradiated animals survive and live until their natural death. Radioprotective properties of double-stranded RNA were found to be independent on its sequence, but strictly dependent on its double-stranded form. Moreover, double-stranded RNA must have 'open' ends of the molecule to exert its radioprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS Experiments indicate that radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA is tightly bound to its internalization into hematopoietic stem cells, which further repopulate the spleen parenchyma of irradiated mice. Actively proliferating progenitors form the splenic colonies, which further serve as the basis for restoration of hematopoiesis and immune function and determine the survival of animals received the lethal dose of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy P Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Polina E Kisaretova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Tatiana D Dubatolova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey I Bayborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Maria I Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aliya G Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Olivares-Urbano MA, Griñán-Lisón C, Marchal JA, Núñez MI. CSC Radioresistance: A Therapeutic Challenge to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071651. [PMID: 32660072 PMCID: PMC7407195 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a modality of oncologic treatment that can be used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and therapeutic targeting. Despite the technological advances in RT, which allow a more precise delivery of radiation while progressively minimizing the impact on normal tissues, issues like radioresistance and tumor recurrence remain important challenges. Tumor heterogeneity is responsible for the variation in the radiation response of the different tumor subpopulations. A main factor related to radioresistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) inside tumors, which are responsible for metastases, relapses, RT failure, and a poor prognosis in cancer patients. The plasticity of CSCs, a process highly dependent on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated to cell dedifferentiation, complicates the identification and eradication of CSCs and it might be involved in disease relapse and progression after irradiation. The tumor microenvironment and the interactions of CSCs with their niches also play an important role in the response to RT. This review provides a deep insight into the characteristics and radioresistance mechanisms of CSCs and into the role of CSCs and tumor microenvironment in both the primary tumor and metastasis in response to radiation, and the radiobiological principles related to the CSC response to RT. Finally, we summarize the major advances and clinical trials on the development of CSC-based therapies combined with RT to overcome radioresistance. A better understanding of the potential therapeutic targets for CSC radiosensitization will provide safer and more efficient combination strategies, which in turn will improve the live expectancy and curability of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-249321 (J.A.M.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-249321 (J.A.M.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
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AlQudah M, Salmo E, Haboubi N. The effect of radiotherapy on rectal cancer: a histopathological appraisal and prognostic indicators. Radiat Oncol J 2020; 38:77-83. [PMID: 33012150 PMCID: PMC7533410 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of rectal cancer is a major undertaking. There are currently multiple treatment modalities with variable degrees of complications. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the more frequently used modalities either on its own or more frequently with chemotherapy mostly before the definitive surgery. The outcome of RT is unpredictable. RT has its serious side effects and there are no guarantees of its usefulness in all patients. This article outlines the effect of RT on the tumor, reviews the various staging systems of responses to RT and present recent evidence of which case is less responsive to such treatments to avoid unnecessary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Emil Salmo
- Department of Histopathology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, The Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK
| | - Najib Haboubi
- Department of Histopathology, Spire Manchester Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Down-Regulation of miR-23a-3p Mediates Irradiation-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103695. [PMID: 32456284 PMCID: PMC7279507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced central nervous system toxicity is a significant risk factor for patients receiving cancer radiotherapy. Surprisingly, the mechanisms responsible for the DNA damage-triggered neuronal cell death following irradiation have yet to be deciphered. Using primary cortical neuronal cultures in vitro, we demonstrated that X-ray exposure induces the mitochondrial pathway of intrinsic apoptosis and that miR-23a-3p plays a significant role in the regulation of this process. Primary cortical neurons exposed to irradiation show the activation of DNA-damage response pathways, including the sequential phosphorylation of ATM kinase, histone H2AX, and p53. This is followed by the p53-dependent up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family molecules, including the BH3-only molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bim, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c, which activates caspase-dependent apoptosis. miR-23a-3p, a negative regulator of specific pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules, is rapidly decreased after neuronal irradiation. By increasing the degradation of PUMA and Noxa mRNAs in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the administration of the miR-23a-3p mimic inhibits the irradiation-induced up-regulation of Noxa and Puma. These changes result in an attenuation of apoptotic processes such as MOMP, the release of cytochrome c and caspases activation, and a reduction in neuronal cell death. The neuroprotective effects of miR-23a-3p administration may not only involve the direct inhibition of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 molecules downstream of p53 but also include the attenuation of secondary DNA damage upstream of p53. Importantly, we demonstrated that brain irradiation in vivo results in the down-regulation of miR-23a-3p and the elevation of pro-apoptotic Bcl2-family molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bax, not only broadly in the cortex and hippocampus, except for Bax, which was up-regulated only in the hippocampus but also selectively in isolated neuronal populations from the irradiated brain. Overall, our data suggest that miR-23a-3p down-regulation contributes to irradiation-induced intrinsic pathways of neuronal apoptosis. These regulated pathways of neurodegeneration may be the target of effective neuroprotective strategies using miR-23a-3p mimics to block their development and increase neuronal survival after irradiation.
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Pasi F, Corbella F, Baio A, Capelli E, De Silvestri A, Tinelli C, Nano R. Radiation-induced circulating miRNA expression in blood of head and neck cancer patients. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:237-244. [PMID: 32040721 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have found evidence confirming the aberrant expression of miRNAs in cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. The growing interest in the identification of non-invasive and specific diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers has identified microRNAs as potential candidates in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. In the present study, we have analyzed the expression profile of circulating miR-21, -191 and -421 in peripheral blood of head and neck cancer patients (HNC) to investigate a possible modulation of mRNA levels by radiation and to identify the role of mRNA as biomarkers of cancer prognosis. Results showed a modulation of the microRNA expression at different time points after radiotherapy, suggesting that treatment may influence the release of circulating miRNAs depending also on the time interval elapsed since radiotherapy. The expression levels of miR-21, -191 and -421 were higher in blood of patients treated with radiotherapy alone after 6 months from the end of therapy and high levels of them seemed to correlate with the remission of the disease. The trends shown in this study confirmed that miRNAs could be useful prognosis markers and could provide preliminary data for further evaluation in predicting patients' response to radiotherapy by developing miRNA-based treatments to improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasi
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franco Corbella
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ambrogia Baio
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Genetic Analysis, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 21, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Tinelli
- Biometry and Medical Statistics, Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Nano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As cancer treatments improve more patients than ever are living for longer with the side effects of these treatments. Radiation enteritis is a heterogenous condition with significant morbidity. The present review aims to provide a broad overview of the condition with particular attention to the diagnosis and management of the condition. RECENT FINDINGS Radiation enteritis appears to be more prevalent than originally thought because of patient underreporting and a lack of clinician awareness. Patient-related and treatment-related risk factors have now been identified and should be modified where possible. Medical and surgical factors have been explored, but manipulation of the gut microbiota offers one of the most exciting recent developments in disease prevention. Diagnosis and treatment are best approached in a systematic fashion with particular attention to the exclusion of recurrent malignancy and other gastrointestinal conditions. Surgery and endoscopy both offer opportunities for management of the complications of radiation enteritis. Experimental therapies offer hope for future management of radiation enteritis but large-scale human trials are needed. SUMMARY Radiation enteritis is an important clinical problem, but awareness is lacking amongst patients and physicians. Clinical guidelines would allow standardised management which may improve the burden of the disease for patients.
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Moertl S, Buschmann D, Azimzadeh O, Schneider M, Kell R, Winkler K, Tapio S, Hornhardt S, Merl-Pham J, Pfaffl MW, Atkinson MJ. Radiation Exposure of Peripheral Mononuclear Blood Cells Alters the Composition and Function of Secreted Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072336. [PMID: 32230970 PMCID: PMC7178185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue toxicity is a dose-limiting factor in radiation therapy. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the normal tissue response to radiation is necessary to predict the risk of normal tissue toxicity and to development strategies for tissue protection. One component of normal tissue that is continuously exposed during therapeutic irradiation is the circulating population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMCs are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR); however, little is known about how IR affects the PBMC response on a systemic level. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether IR was capable to induce changes in the composition and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from PBMCs after radiation exposure to different doses. Therefore, whole blood samples from healthy donors were exposed to X-ray radiation in the clinically relevant doses of 0, 0.1, 2 or 6 Gy and PBMC-secreted EVs were isolated 72 h later. Proteome and miRNome analysis of EVs as well as functional studies were performed. Secreted EVs showed a dose-dependent increase in the number of significantly deregulated proteins and microRNAs. For both, proteome and microRNA data, principal component analysis showed a dose-dependent separation of control and exposed groups. Integrated pathway analysis of the radiation-regulated EV proteins and microRNAs consistently predicted an association of deregulated molecules with apoptosis, cell death and survival. Functional studies identified endothelial cells as an efficient EV recipient system, in which irradiation of recipient cells further increased the uptake. Furthermore an apoptosis suppressive effect of EVs from irradiated PBMCs in endothelial recipient cells was detected. In summary, this study demonstrates that IR modifies the communication between PBMCs and endothelial cells. EVs from irradiated PBMC donors were identified as transmitters of protective signals to irradiated endothelial cells. Thus, these data may lead to the discovery of biomarker candidates for radiation dosimetry and even more importantly, they suggest EVs as a novel systemic communication pathway between irradiated normal, non-cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Moertl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.H.); (M.W.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Michael Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Rosemarie Kell
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Klaudia Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.H.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, 80939 München, Germany;
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (S.H.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (O.A.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (K.W.); (S.T.); (M.J.A.)
- Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Rana S, Espinosa-Diez C, Ruhl R, Chatterjee N, Hudson C, Fraile-Bethencourt E, Agarwal A, Khou S, Thomas CR, Anand S. Differential regulation of microRNA-15a by radiation affects angiogenesis and tumor growth via modulation of acid sphingomyelinase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5581. [PMID: 32221387 PMCID: PMC7101391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1) and the generation of ceramide is a critical regulator of apoptosis in response to cellular stress including radiation. Endothelial SMPD1 has been shown to regulate tumor responses to radiation therapy. We show here that the SMPD1 gene is regulated by a microRNA (miR), miR-15a, in endothelial cells (ECs). Standard low dose radiation (2 Gy) upregulates miR-15a and decreases SMPD1 levels. In contrast, high dose radiation (10 Gy and above) decreases miR-15a and increases SMPD1. Ectopic expression of miR-15a decreases both mRNA and protein levels of SMPD1. Mimicking the effects of high dose radiation with a miR-15a inhibitor decreases cell proliferation and increases active Caspase-3 & 7. Mechanistically, inhibition of miR-15a increases inflammatory cytokines, activates caspase-1 inflammasome and increases Gasdermin D, an effector of pyroptosis. Importantly, both systemic and vascular-targeted delivery of miR-15a inhibitor decreases angiogenesis and tumor growth in a CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma model. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel role for miR mediated regulation of SMPD1 during radiation responses and establish proof-of-concept that this pathway can be targeted with a miR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Rana
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Diez
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca Ruhl
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Namita Chatterjee
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Clayton Hudson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Eugenia Fraile-Bethencourt
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sokchea Khou
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sudarshan Anand
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Ding N, Hua J, He J, Lu D, Wei W, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou G, Wang J. The Role of MiR-5094 as a Proliferation Suppressor during Cellular Radiation Response via Downregulating STAT5b. J Cancer 2020; 11:2222-2233. [PMID: 32127949 PMCID: PMC7052932 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of cellular stress responses. We previously uncovered 10 novel human miRNAs which are induced by X-ray irradiation in HeLa cells using Solexa deep sequencing. The most highly expressed new miRNA, miR-5094, was predicted to target STAT5b. This study wonders whether miR-5094 participates in cellular radiation response via STAT5b. Firstly, direct interaction between miRNA-5094 and the STAT5b 3'-UTR was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Then, the radiation responsive expression of miR-5094 and STAT5b were measured in HeLa and Jurkat cells, and the expressions of down-stream genes of STAT5b after ionizing radiation (IR) were detected in HeLa cells. At last, the effects of miR-5094 on survival fraction, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by IR were investigated in HeLa cells, Jurkat cells and human peripheral blood T cells. It was found that up-regulation of miR-5094 by radiation induction or miRNA mimic transfection suppressed expression of STAT5b, and consequently decreased the transcription of down-stream Igf-1 and Bcl-2. Additionally, over expression of miR-5094 resulted in proliferation suppression and knockdown of miR-5094 by miRNA inhibitor after irradiation partially reversed the proliferation suppression induced by miR-5094 in HeLa cells, Jurkat cells and CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that up-regulation of miR-5094 down-regulated the expression of STAT5b, thereby suppressing cell proliferation after X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Chen G, Li Y, He Y, Zeng B, Yi C, Wang C, Zhang X, Zhao W, Yu D. Upregulation of Circular RNA circATRNL1 to Sensitize Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Irradiation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:961-973. [PMID: 32032888 PMCID: PMC7005496 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expression involved in tumor development. However, the role of circRNAs in modulating the radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its potential mechanisms have not been documented. We performed high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the circRNA expression profile in OSCC patients and discovered that the circATRNL1 expression was significantly downregulated and closely related to tumor progression. The circATRNL1 was structurally validated via Sanger sequencing, RNase R treatment, and specific convergent and divergent primer amplification. Importantly, the expression levels of circATRNL1 decreased after irradiation treatment, and upregulation of circATRNL1 enhanced the radiosensitivity of OSCC through suppressing proliferation and the colony survival fraction, inducing apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Moreover, we observed that circATRNL1 could directly bind to microRNA-23a-3p (miR-23a-3p) and relieve inhibition for the target gene PTEN. In addition, the tumor radiosensitivity-promoting effect of circATRNL1 overexpression was blocked by miR-23a-3p in OSCC. Further experiments also showed that PTEN can reverse the inhibitory effect of OSCC radiosensitivity triggered by miR-23a-3p. We concluded that circANTRL1 may function as the sponge of miR-23a-3p to promote PTEN expression and eventually contributes to OSCC radiosensitivity enhancement. This study indicates that circANTRL1 may be a novel therapeutic target to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhui Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Yi He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Binghui Zeng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
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40
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Liu Y, Li Q, Liang H, Xiang M, Tang D, Huang M, Tao Y, Ren M, Zhao M, Wang J, Shu L, He Z, Wang F, Li Y. MiR-34a Regulates Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radiosensitivity by Targeting SIRT1. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020. [PMCID: PMC7436822 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820940424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer in South China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Accumulating evidence showed that the expression of miR-34a was abnormal in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Here, this study investigates the effect of miR-34a on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of miR-34a in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and NP69 cells. The effect of miR-34a on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-1 cells) was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assays following transfection with miR-34a mimic. Luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the target genes of miR-34a. Results: In this study, it revealed that miR-34a was downregulated, while silent information regulator 1 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. The overexpression of miR-34a enhanced radiation-induced proliferation and migration inhibition and apoptosis in CNE-1 cells. Bioinformatics, Luciferase reporter, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting assays indicated that silent information regulator 1 is a direct target of miR-34a in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Knockdown of silent information regulator 1 enhanced radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells as evidenced by increasing proliferation and migration inhibition and apoptosis after radiation exposure. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicated that the overexpression of miR-34a enhanced radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting silent information regulator 1. Further studies are warranted to investigate the potential use of miR-34a in the clinical management and treatment prediction of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National & Guizhou Joint Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qinshan Li
- National & Guizhou Joint Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Huiling Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Miaomiao Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yixi Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Liping Shu
- National & Guizhou Joint Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhixu He
- National & Guizhou Joint Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feiqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yanju Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Zhang S, Wang W, Wu X, Liu W, Ding F. miR-16-5p modulates the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells via regulating coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1. Pathol Int 2019; 70:12-20. [PMID: 31872565 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the expression of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and miR-16-5p in cervical cancer (CC), and explore their roles in radioresistance. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CARM1 in tissues and cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-16-5p. CC cells received different doses of X-ray exposure, and then cell counting kit-8 method and colony formation assay were used to detect cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Then we used Targetscan database to predict that CARM1 is a potential target of miR-16-5p, and further verified the targeting relationship between them by western blot, RT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter experiments. We demonstrated that CARM1 were highly expressed in CC tissues and radio-resistant CC cells, while miR-16-5p expression was low. Under irradiation, up-regulation of CARM1 can induce radiotherapy resistance of CC cells, while overexpression of miR-16-5p or CARM1 knockdown could inhibit the survival of CC cell and induced apoptosis. CARM1 was verified as a target for miR-16-5p. Besides, up-regulation of CARM1 reversed the increase in radiosensitivity induced by miR-16-5p. Collectively, we concluded that miR-16-5p promoted the radiosensitivity of CC cells by targeting CARM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fengna Ding
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
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Ray J, Haughey C, Hoey C, Jeon J, Murphy R, Dura-Perez L, McCabe N, Downes M, Jain S, Boutros PC, Mills IG, Liu SK. miR-191 promotes radiation resistance of prostate cancer through interaction with RXRA. Cancer Lett 2019; 473:107-117. [PMID: 31874245 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer, however recurrence remains a problem. MicroRNA expression is altered in prostate cancer and may promote therapy resistance. Through bioinformatic analyses of TCGA and CPC-GENE patient cohorts, we identified higher miR-191 expression in tumor versus normal tissue, and increased expression in higher Gleason scores. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-191 overexpression promotes radiation survival, and contributes to a more aggressive phenotype. Retinoid X receptor alpha, RXRA, was discovered to be a novel target of miR-191, and knockdown recapitulated radioresistance. Furthermore, treatment of prostate cancer cells with the RXRA agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid restored radiosensitivity. Supporting this relationship, patients with high miR-191 and low RXRA abundance experienced quicker biochemical recurrence. Reduced RXRA translated to a higher risk of distant failure after radiotherapy. Notably, this miR-191/RXRA interaction was conserved in a novel primary cell line derived from radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Together, our findings demonstrate that miR-191 promotes prostate cancer survival after radiotherapy, and highlights retinoids as a potential option to improve radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ray
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles Haughey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christianne Hoey
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jouhyun Jeon
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ross Murphy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lara Dura-Perez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michelle Downes
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneil Jain
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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43
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Extracellular Vesicles in Modifying the Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225527. [PMID: 31698689 PMCID: PMC6888126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated nanovesicles actively secreted by almost all cell types. EVs can travel long distances within the body, being finally taken up by the target cells, transferring information from one cell to another, thus influencing their behavior. The cargo of EVs comprises of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins derived from the cell of origin, thereby it is cell-type specific; moreover, it differs between diseased and normal cells. Several studies have shown that EVs have a role in tumor formation and prognosis. It was also demonstrated that ionizing radiation can alter the cargo of EVs. EVs, in turn can modulate radiation responses and they play a role in radiation-induced bystander effects. Due to their biocompatibility and selective targeting, EVs are suitable nanocarrier candidates of drugs in various diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, the cargo of EVs can be engineered, and in this way they can be designed to carry certain genes or even drugs, similar to synthetic nanoparticles. In this review, we describe the biological characteristics of EVs, focusing on the recent efforts to use EVs as nanocarriers in oncology, the effects of EVs in radiation therapy, highlighting the possibilities to use EVs as nanocarriers to modulate radiation effects in clinical applications.
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44
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Hua Q, Gu X, Chen X, Song W, Wang A, Chu J. IL-8 is involved in radiation therapy resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulation of PCNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Saif-Elnasr M, Abdel Fattah SM, Swailam HM. Treatment of hepatotoxicity induced by γ-radiation using platelet-rich plasma and/or low molecular weight chitosan in experimental rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1517-1528. [PMID: 31290709 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors and plays an important role in tissue healing and cytoprotection. Also, it has been proved that low molecular weight chitosan (LMC) possesses many outstanding health benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using PRP and/or fungal LMC to treat hepatotoxicity induced by γ-radiation in albino rats.Materials and methods: Forty-eight adult male albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Group I (control), Group II (PRP alone), Group III (LMC alone), Group IV (PRP + LMC), Group V (γ-irradiated alone), Group VI (γ-irradiated + PRP), Group VII (γ-irradiated + LMC), and Group VIII (γ-irradiated + PRP + LMC). The irradiated rats were whole body exposed to γ-radiation (8 Gy) as fractionated doses (2 Gy) twice a week for 2 consecutive weeks. The treated groups received PRP (0.5 mL/kg body weight, s.c.) and/or LMC (10 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) 2 days a week 1 h after every dose of γ-radiation and continued for another week after the last dose of radiation. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels in the liver tissue and relative expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in serum were measured, in addition to histopathological examination.Results: Exposure of rats to γ-radiation resulted in a significant increase in serum ALT and AST activities, hepatic MDA levels, and serum miR-21 relative expression, along with a significant decrease in hepatic GSH content, TAC, and Nrf2 levels. Treatment with PRP and/or fungal LMC after exposure to γ-radiation ameliorated these parameters and improved the histopathological changes induced by γ-radiation.Conclusions: The results demonstrated that PRP and/or LMC inhibited γ-radiation-induced hepatotoxicity and using both of them together seems more effective. They can be a candidate to be studied toward the development of a therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saif-Elnasr
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma M Abdel Fattah
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Swailam
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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46
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Ding FN, Gao BH, Wu X, Gong CW, Wang WQ, Zhang SM. miR-122-5p modulates the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells by regulating cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A). FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1869-1879. [PMID: 31505105 PMCID: PMC6823283 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies globally, Unfortunately, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not effective at treating some cases of this disease, and the 5‐year survival rate is only 40–50%. Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) has been shown to induce radioresistance in a variety of tumor cells, but the role of CDC25A in the radioresistance of cervical cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that CDC25A is highly expressed and miR‐122‐5p lowly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cells. The TargetScan database was used to predict CDC25A as a target of miR‐122‐5p, and the interactions between miR‐122‐5p and CDC25A were further confirmed by western blot, real‐time PCR and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Under X‐ray irradiation, up‐regulation of CDC25A can promote the radiation resistance of cervical cancer cells, whereas overexpression of miR‐122‐5p or knockdown of CDC25A inhibits the survival and induces apoptosis of cervical cancer colonies. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR‐122‐5p enhances the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells by targeting CDC25A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Na Ding
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Hong Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Wu Gong
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Mao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Shandong, China
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47
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Wang H, Pan T, Zhang Y, Li C. Upregulation of miR-519 enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma trough targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1209-1218. [PMID: 31529206 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-519 (miR-519) has been previously reported to function as a tumor suppressor in several types of malignancies. This study aimed to probe the biological role of miR-519 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS qRT-PCR was utilized to test the miR-519 expression level in ESCC tissues and cells. Clinical value of miR-519 was investigated by Kaplan-Meier method. Function assays were conducted to determine the role of miR-519 in radioresistance of ESCC cells. The miR-519-regulated pathways were determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. RESULTS Low expression level of miR-519 was closely correlated with the poor prognosis for overall survival of ESCC patients or patients who received radiotherapy. Functional assays indicated that upregulation of miR-519 made ESCC cells more sensitive to γ-ray radiation and facilitated ESCC cell apoptosis triggered by irradiation treatment via regulating DNA response. Ectopic expression of miR-519 decreased the level of p-AKT and p-mTOR, thus inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after irradiation. CONCLUSION These observations elucidated that upregulated miR-519 is closely correlated with the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells, which may contribute to finding a new promising target for improving the efficiency of radiotherapy in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Weizuo Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China.
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Yinguo Zhang
- 3Department of thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Chao Li
- 3Department of thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
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48
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Stanisavljevic D, Popovic J, Petrovic I, Davidovic S, Atkinson MJ, Anastasov N, Stevanovic M. Radiation effects on early phase of NT2/D1 neural differentiation in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1627-1639. [PMID: 31509479 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1665207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Widespread medical use of radiation in diagnosis, imaging and treatment of different central nervous system malignancies lead to various consequences. Aim of this study was to further elucidate mechanism of cell response to radiation and possible consequence on neural differentiation.Materials and methods: NT2/D1 cells that resemble neural progenitors were used as a model system. Undifferentiated NT2/D1 cells and NT2/D1 cells in the early phase of neural differentiation were irradiated with low (0.2 Gy) and moderate (2 Gy) doses of γ radiation. The effect was analyzed on apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence, spheroid formation and the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in the regulation of pluripotency or neural differentiation.Results: Two grays of irradiation induced apoptosis, senescence and cell cycle arrest of NT2/D1 cells, accompanied with altered expression of several genes (SOX2, OCT4, SOX3, PAX6) and miRNAs (miR-219, miR-21, miR124-a). Presented results show that 2 Gy of radiation significantly affected early phase of neural differentiation in vitro.Conclusions: These results suggest that 2 Gy of radiation significantly affected early phase of neural differentiation and affect the population of neural progenitors. These findings might help in better understanding of side effects of radiotherapy in treatments of central nervous system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Stanisavljevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Popovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isidora Petrovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Davidovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia.,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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49
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Perez‐Añorve IX, Gonzalez‐De la Rosa CH, Soto‐Reyes E, Beltran‐Anaya FO, Del Moral‐Hernandez O, Salgado‐Albarran M, Angeles‐Zaragoza O, Gonzalez‐Barrios JA, Landero‐Huerta DA, Chavez‐Saldaña M, Garcia‐Carranca A, Villegas‐Sepulveda N, Arechaga‐Ocampo E. New insights into radioresistance in breast cancer identify a dual function of miR-122 as a tumor suppressor and oncomiR. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1249-1267. [PMID: 30938061 PMCID: PMC6487688 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance of tumor cells gives rise to local recurrence and disease progression in many patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of gene expression that control oncogenic pathways to modulate the radiotherapy response of cells. In the present study, differential expression profiling assays identified 16 deregulated miRNAs in acquired radioresistant breast cancer cells, of which miR-122 was observed to be up-regulated. Functional analysis revealed that miR-122 has a role as a tumor suppressor in parental cells by decreasing survival and promoting radiosensitivity. However, in radioresistant cells, miR-122 functions as an oncomiR by promoting survival. The transcriptomic landscape resulting from knockdown of miR-122 in radioresistant cells showed modulation of the ZNF611, ZNF304, RIPK1, HRAS, DUSP8 and TNFRSF21 genes. Moreover, miR-122 and the set of affected genes were prognostic factors in breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Our data indicate that up-regulation of miR-122 promotes cell survival in acquired radioresistant breast cancer and also suggest that miR-122 differentially controls the response to radiotherapy by a dual function as a tumor suppressor an and oncomiR dependent on cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro X. Perez‐Añorve
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e IngenieriaDivision de Ciencias Naturales e IngenieriaUniversidad Autonoma MetropolitanaMexico CityMexico
- Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad CuajimalpaMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Ernesto Soto‐Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad CuajimalpaMexico CityMexico
| | - Fredy O. Beltran‐Anaya
- Laboratorio de Genomica del CancerInstituto Nacional de Medicina GenomicaMexico CityMexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral‐Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Virologia y Epigenetica del CancerFacultad de Ciencias Quimico BiologicasUniversidad Autonoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Marisol Salgado‐Albarran
- Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad CuajimalpaMexico CityMexico
| | | | | | - Daniel A. Landero‐Huerta
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e IngenieriaDivision de Ciencias Naturales e IngenieriaUniversidad Autonoma MetropolitanaMexico CityMexico
- Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad CuajimalpaMexico CityMexico
- Laboratorio de Biologia de la ReproduccionInstituto Nacional de PediatríaMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Alejandro Garcia‐Carranca
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer‐Laboratorio de Virus y CancerInstituto Nacional de CancerologiaMexico CityMexico
| | - Nicolas Villegas‐Sepulveda
- Departamento de Biomedicina MolecularCentro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Elena Arechaga‐Ocampo
- Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad CuajimalpaMexico CityMexico
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Jiang X, Ye J, Dong Z, Hu S, Xiao M. Novel genetic alterations and their impact on target therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1321-1336. [PMID: 30799957 PMCID: PMC6371928 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is highly variable by tumor site, histologic type, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcome. During recent years, emerging targeted therapies have been focused on driver genes. HNSCC involves several genetic alterations, such as co-occurrence, multiple feedback loops, and cross-talk communications. These different kinds of genetic alterations interact with each other and mediate targeted therapy response. In the current review, it is emphasized that future treatment strategy in HNSCC will not solely be based on "synthetic lethality" approaches directed against overactivated genes. More importantly, biologic, genetic, and epigenetic alterations of HNSCC will be taken into consideration to guide the therapy. The emerging genetic alterations in HNSCC and its effect on targeted therapy response are discussed in detail. Hopefully, novel combination regimens for the treatment of HNSCC can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Zhihuai Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Sunhong Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
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