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Chen X, Li H, Ma Y, Jiang Y. Calcium Phosphate-Based Nanomaterials: Preparation, Multifunction, and Application for Bone Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2023; 28:4790. [PMID: 37375345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate is the main inorganic component of bone. Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials have demonstrated great potential in bone tissue engineering due to their superior biocompatibility, pH-responsive degradability, excellent osteoinductivity, and similar components to bone. Calcium phosphate nanomaterials have gained more and more attention for their enhanced bioactivity and better integration with host tissues. Additionally, they can also be easily functionalized with metal ions, bioactive molecules/proteins, as well as therapeutic drugs; thus, calcium phosphate-based biomaterials have been widely used in many other fields, such as drug delivery, cancer therapy, and as nanoprobes in bioimaging. Thus, the preparation methods of calcium phosphate nanomaterials were systematically reviewed, and the multifunction strategies of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials have also been comprehensively summarized. Finally, the applications and perspectives of functionalized calcium phosphate biomaterials in bone tissue engineering, including bone defect repair, bone regeneration, and drug delivery, were illustrated and discussed by presenting typical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huizhang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yinhua Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Fatima M, Sheikh A, Abourehab MAS, Kesharwani P. Advancements in Polymeric Nanocarriers to Mediate Targeted Therapy against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2432. [PMID: 36365249 PMCID: PMC9695386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a destructive disease with a poor prognosis, low survival rate and high rate of metastasis. It comprises 15% of total breast cancers and is marked by deficiency of three important receptor expressions, i.e., progesterone, estrogen, and human epidermal growth factor receptors. This absence of receptors is the foremost cause of current TNBC therapy failure, resulting in poor therapeutic response in patients. Polymeric nanoparticles are gaining much popularity for transporting chemotherapeutics, genes, and small-interfering RNAs. Due to their exclusive properties such as great stability, easy surface modification, stimuli-responsive and controlled drug release, ability to condense more than one therapeutic moiety inside, tumor-specific delivery of payload, enhanced permeation and retention effect, present them as ideal nanocarriers for increasing efficacy, bioavailability and reducing the toxicity of therapeutic agents. They can even be used as theragnostic agents for the diagnosis of TNBC along with its treatment. In this review, we discuss the limitations of already existing TNBC therapies and highlight the novel approach to designing and the functionalization of polymeric nanocarriers for the effective treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 602105, India
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3
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Mitigating off-target distribution and enhancing cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells with alpha-ketoglutaric acid-modified Fe/Mg-CA nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
In this work, pH-sensitive alpha-ketoglutaric acid-modified Fe/Mg-carbonate apatite (α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA) NPs were introduced and found to be capable of promoting the selective delivery of cancer-killing drug doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cells, while simultaneously mitigating DOX toxicity on normal cells.
Methods
As part of the characterization and evaluation of α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs to target breast cancer cells, a series of assessments were performed, which included size measurements, morphological analysis, FTIR, cytotoxicity assessment, hemolysis, drug binding, cellular uptake, and pH-responsive drug release tests. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to conduct the protein corona analysis of α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA using 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and mice plasma. Furthermore, to investigate the distribution of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs in major tissues and the tumor, a biodistribution investigation was conducted in mammary tumor-induced Balb/c mouse models 24 h after the intravenous administration of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs.
Results
The in vitro pH-dependent release of DOX over time demonstrated that α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs were pH-responsive and degraded rapidly at acidic pH levels. When compared to free DOX, the DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs demonstrated a potent antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed the effective internalization of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs in breast cancer cells. The protein corona analysis revealed an affinity for dysopsonins (serum albumin, apolipoproteins) and transport proteins that may assist in extending their blood circulation period. Furthermore, biodistribution data of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs in the mammary tumor-induced Balb/c mouse model indicated extended circulation in the bloodstream, reduced non-target distribution in major tissues, and increased drug accumulation in the tumor.
Conclusion
The results obtained suggest that α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs may emerge as a prospective candidate for delivering therapeutic cargos to treat malignant mammary tumors.
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Morshedi Rad D, Alsadat Rad M, Razavi Bazaz S, Kashaninejad N, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A Comprehensive Review on Intracellular Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005363. [PMID: 33594744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is considered an indispensable process for various studies, ranging from medical applications (cell-based therapy) to fundamental (genome-editing) and industrial (biomanufacture) approaches. Conventional macroscale delivery systems critically suffer from such issues as low cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inconsistent material delivery, which have opened up an interest in the development of more efficient intracellular delivery systems. In line with the advances in microfluidics and nanotechnology, intracellular delivery based on micro- and nanoengineered platforms has progressed rapidly and held great promises owing to their unique features. These approaches have been advanced to introduce a smorgasbord of diverse cargoes into various cell types with the maximum efficiency and the highest precision. This review differentiates macro-, micro-, and nanoengineered approaches for intracellular delivery. The macroengineered delivery platforms are first summarized and then each method is categorized based on whether it employs a carrier- or membrane-disruption-mediated mechanism to load cargoes inside the cells. Second, particular emphasis is placed on the micro- and nanoengineered advances in the delivery of biomolecules inside the cells. Furthermore, the applications and challenges of the established and emerging delivery approaches are summarized. The topic is concluded by evaluating the future perspective of intracellular delivery toward the micro- and nanoengineered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maryam Alsadat Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Carbonate Apatite and Hydroxyapatite Formulated with Minimal Ingredients to Deliver SiRNA into Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030063. [PMID: 32927738 PMCID: PMC7565062 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is one of the top-ranked noncommunicable diseases causing deaths to nine million people and affecting almost double worldwide in 2018. Tremendous advancement in surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and targeted immunotherapy have improved the rate of cure and disease-free survival. As genetic mutations vary in different cancers, potential of customized treatment to silence the problem gene/s at the translational level is being explored too. Yet delivering therapeutics at the required dosage only to the affected cells without affecting the healthy ones, is a big hurdle to be overcome. Scientists worldwide have been working to invent a smart drug delivery system for targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumor tissues only. As part of such an effort, few organic nanocarriers went to clinical trials, while inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are still in development stage despite their many customizable properties. Carbonate apatite (CA), a pH sensitive nanocarrier has emerged as an efficient delivery system for drugs, plasmids and siRNAs in preclinical models of breast and colon cancers. Like hydroxyapatite (HA) which serves as a classical tool for delivery of genetic materials such as siRNA and plasmid, CA is an apatite-based synthetic carrier. We developed simplified methods of formulating CA-in-DMEM and a DMEM-mimicking buffer and HA in a HEPES-buffered solution and characterized them in terms of size, stability, protein corona (PC) composition, cytotoxicity, siRNA delivery efficiency in breast cancer cells and siRNA biodistribution profile in a mouse model of breast cancer. Methods: Particle growth was analyzed via spectrophotometry and light microscopy, size was measured via dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy and confirmation of functional groups in apatite structures was made by FT-IR. siRNA-binding was analyzed via spectrophotometry. Stability of the formulation solutions/buffers was tested over various time points and at different temperatures to determine their compatibility in the context of practical usage. Cellular uptake was studied via fluorescence microscopy. MTT assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of the NPs. Liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry was carried out to analyze the PC formed around all three different NPs in serum-containing media. To explore biodistribution of all the formulations, fluorescence-labeled siRNA-loaded NPs were administered intravenously prior to analysis of fluorescence intensity in the collected organs and tumors of the treated mice. Results: The size of NPs in 10% serum-containing media was dramatically different where CA-in-DMB and HA were much larger than CA-in-DMEM. Effect of media was notable on the PC composition of all three NPs. All three NPs bound albumin and some common protease inhibitors involved in bone metabolism due to their compositional similarity to our bone materials. Moreover, CA also bound heme-binding proteins and opsonins. Unlike CA, HA bound different kinds of keratins. Difference in PC constitution was likely to influence accumulation of NPs in various organs including those of reticuloendothelial system, such as liver and spleen and the tumor. We found 10 times more tumor accumulation of CA-in-DMB than CA-in-DMEM, which could be due to more stable siRNA-binding and distinct PC composition of the former. Conclusion: As a nanocarrier CA is more efficient than HA for siRNA delivery to the tumor. CA prepared in a buffer containing only the mere constituents was potentially more efficient than classical CA prepared in DMEM, owing to the exclusion of interference attributed by the inorganic ions and organic molecules present in DMEM.
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Khalifehzadeh R, Arami H. Biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 279:102157. [PMID: 32330734 PMCID: PMC7261203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate is the inorganic mineral of hard tissues such as bone and teeth. Due to their similarities to the natural bone, calcium phosphates are highly biocompatible and biodegradable materials that have found numerous applications in dental and orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering. In the form of nanoparticles, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP's) can also be used as effective delivery vehicles to transfer therapeutic agents such as nucleic acids, drugs, proteins and enzymes into tumor cells. In addition, facile preparation and functionalization of CaP's, together with their inherent properties such as pH-dependent solubility provide advantages in delivery and release of these bioactive agents using CaP's as nanocarriers. In this review, the challenges and achievements in the intracellular delivery of these agents to tumor cells are discussed. Also, the most important issues in the design and potential applications of CaP-based biominerals are addressed with more focus on their biodegradability in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Khalifehzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, E-153, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hamed Arami
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, E-153, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, E-153, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
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Levingstone TJ, Herbaj S, Redmond J, McCarthy HO, Dunne NJ. Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles-Based Systems for RNAi Delivery: Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E146. [PMID: 31947548 PMCID: PMC7023416 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone-related injury and disease constitute a significant global burden both socially and economically. Current treatments have many limitations and thus the development of new approaches for bone-related conditions is imperative. Gene therapy is an emerging approach for effective bone repair and regeneration, with notable interest in the use of RNA interference (RNAi) systems to regulate gene expression in the bone microenvironment. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles represent promising materials for use as non-viral vectors for gene therapy in bone tissue engineering applications due to their many favorable properties, including biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity, and strong affinity for binding to nucleic acids. However, low transfection rates present a significant barrier to their clinical use. This article reviews the benefits of calcium phosphate nanoparticles for RNAi delivery and highlights the role of surface functionalization in increasing calcium phosphate nanoparticles stability, improving cellular uptake and increasing transfection efficiency. Currently, the underlying mechanistic principles relating to these systems and their interplay during in vivo bone formation is not wholly understood. Furthermore, the optimal microRNA targets for particular bone tissue regeneration applications are still unclear. Therefore, further research is required in order to achieve the optimal calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based systems for RNAi delivery for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland; (T.J.L.); (S.H.); (J.R.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simona Herbaj
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland; (T.J.L.); (S.H.); (J.R.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland; (T.J.L.); (S.H.); (J.R.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Nicholas J. Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland; (T.J.L.); (S.H.); (J.R.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland
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Zhao M, Li J, Chen D, Hu H. A Valid Bisphosphonate Modified Calcium Phosphate-Based Gene Delivery System: Increased Stability and Enhanced Transfection Efficiency In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090468. [PMID: 31514452 PMCID: PMC6781291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles, as a promising vehicle for gene delivery, have been widely used owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and adsorptive capacity for nucleic acids. Unfortunately, their utility in vivo has been profoundly restricted due to numerous technical barriers such as the lack of tissue specificity and limited transfection efficiency, as well as uncontrollable aggregation over time. To address these issues, an effective conjugate folate-polyethylene glycol-pamidronate (shortened as FA-PEG-Pam) was designed and coated on the surface of CaP/NLS/pDNA (CaP/NDs), forming a versatile gene carrier FA-PEG-Pam/CaP/NDs. Inclusion of FA-PEG-Pam significantly reduced the size of CaP nanoparticles, thus inhibiting the aggregation of CaP nanoparticles. FA-PEG-Pam/CaP/NDs showed better cellular uptake than mPEG-Pam/CaP/NDs, which could be attributed to the high-affinity interactions between FA and highly expressed FR. Meanwhile, FA-PEG-Pam/CaP/NDs had low cytotoxicity and desired effect on inducing apoptosis (71.1%). Furthermore, FA-PEG-Pam/CaP/NDs showed admirable transfection efficiency (63.5%) due to the presence of NLS peptides. What’s more, in vivo studies revealed that the hybrid nanoparticles had supreme antitumor activity (IR% = 58.7%) among the whole preparations. Altogether, FA-PEG-Pam/CaP/NDs was expected to be a hopeful strategy for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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α-Ketoglutaric Acid-Modified Carbonate Apatite Enhances Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of a Raf- Kinase Inhibitor in Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of MAPK and PI-3 Kinase Pathways. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7010004. [PMID: 30609867 PMCID: PMC6466362 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AZ628 is a hydrophobic Raf-kinase inhibitor (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) currently in clinical trial of various cancer. The physicochemical properties of hydrophobic drugs that affect the drug-particle interactions and cause aggregation of drugs and particles might be the key aspect to impede effective drug delivery. Retaining smaller particle size is the prerequisite to overcome the opsonization and improve cytotoxicity in the targeted region. Carbonate apatite (CA), an attractive biodegradable vector, has been used to carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and release the payloads inside the cells following endocytosis. We incorporated AZ628 into CA and also modified it with α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KA) for reducing particle growth kinetics and increasing total surface area to improve the delivery of AZ628 by enhancing cellular uptake by breast cancer cells. AZ628-loaded nanoparticles of CA and α-KA-modified CA (α-KAMCA) were synthesized and evaluated in MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines by measuring cytotoxicity and cellular uptake analysis. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) assay was performed to quantify the binding affinity of the nanocarriers towards the drug. Western blot analysis was done to see the activation and expression levels of Akt, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways and Caspase-3. Zetasizer was used to measure the particle size along with the surface charge. α-KAMCA showed almost 88% encapsulation efficacy for AZ628 with around 21% enhanced cellular uptake of the drug in two different breast cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that α-KAMCA could be a promising therapeutic tool to carry AZ628 for breast cancer treatment.
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Huang X, Li Z, Wu J, Hang Y, Wang H, Yuan L, Chen H. Small addition of Zn 2+ in Ca 2+@DNA results in elevated gene transfection by aminated PGMA-modified silicon nanowire arrays. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:566-575. [PMID: 32254790 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy, a promising and effective treatment, has ignited new hope in overcoming difficult-to-cure diseases. The key question in gene therapy is how to efficiently and safely deliver exogenous nucleic acids into the nuclei of target cells. To achieve stable, efficient and safe gene transfer and to ensure efficiency of gene transfer into cell nuclei, a zinc ion-assisted gene delivery nanosystem was proposed in the present study by loading a low concentration of Zn2+ in Ca2+@DNA nanoparticles on ethanolamine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGEA)-modified SiNWAs (Zn2+/Ca2+@DNA + SN-PGEA). The results showed that with the help of Zn ions, this composite nanosystem could promote more DNA in the cell nuclei and thus dramatically increased the transfection efficiency by as much as 7-fold. The nanosystem with 0.2 mM Zn2+, 100 mM Ca2+ and PGEA modification on SiNWAs displayed the highest transfection efficiency and good biocompatibility. This new composite nanosystem will have great potential in gene transfection for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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11
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Yang X, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang R, Feng Q. In Vitro Uptake of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2036176. [PMID: 30018644 PMCID: PMC6029469 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2036176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many applications in biomedical fields based on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) over the past decades. However, the biocompatibility of HANPs is affected by exposure dose, particle size, and the way of contact with cells. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of HA NPs with different sizes on osteogenesis using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Three different-sized HA NPs (~50, ~100, and ~150 nm, resp.) were synthesized to study the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and effect on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The results clearly showed that each size of HA NPs had dose-dependent cytotoxicity on hMSCs. It was found that HA NPs could be uptaken into hMSCs. The osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was evaluated through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, ALP staining, immunofluorescent staining for osteopontin (OPN), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination. As expected, HA NPs of all sizes could promote the differentiation of hMSCs towards osteoblast lineage. Among the three sizes, smaller-sized HA NPs (~50 and ~100 nm) appeared to be more effective in stimulating osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying 257034, China
| | - Xujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Mehbuba Hossain S, Chowdhury EH. Citrate- and Succinate-Modified Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles with Loaded Doxorubicin Exhibit Potent Anticancer Activity against Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2018. [PMID: 29534497 PMCID: PMC5874845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable inorganic apatite-based particle complex is popular for its pH-sensitivity at the endosomal acidic environment to facilitate drug release following cellular uptake. Despite being a powerful anticancer drug, doxorubicin shows severe off-target effects and therefore would need a carrier for the highest effectiveness. We aimed to chemically modify carbonate apatite (CA) with Krebs cycle intermediates, such as citrate and succinate in order to control the growth of the resultant particles to more efficiently carry and transport the anticancer drug into the cancer cells. Citrate- or succinate-modified CA particles were synthesized with different concentrations of sodium citrate or sodium succinate, respectively, in the absence or presence of doxorubicin. The drug loading efficiency of the particles and their cellular uptake were observed by quantifying fluorescence intensity. The average diameter and surface charge of the particles were determined using Zetasizer. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Citrate-modified carbonate apatite (CMCA) exhibited the highest (31.38%) binding affinity for doxorubicin and promoted rapid cellular uptake of the drug, leading to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration 1000 times less than that of the free drug in MCF-7 cells. Hence, CMCA nanoparticles with greater surface area enhance cytotoxicity in different breast cancer cells by enabling higher loading and more efficient cellular uptake of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Mehbuba Hossain
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Yang X, Li Y, Huang Q, Liu X, Zhang R, Feng Q. The effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1822-1831. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology; Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital; Dongying 257034 China
| | - Qianli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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14
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Li W, Liu D, Wang Q, Hu H, Chen D. Self-assembled CaP-based hybrid nanoparticles to enhance gene transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo: beneficial utilization of PEGylated bisphosphate and nucleus locating signal. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3466-3474. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00525g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles have been considered as a non-viral gene delivery vehicle, but the weakness of inconsistent and low transfection efficiencies is limited to its progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of traditional Chinese medicine
- School of Wuya
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
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15
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Süleymanoğlu E. Mg 2+-induced DNA compaction, condensation, and phase separation in gene delivery vehicles based on zwitterionic phospholipids: a dynamic light scattering and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1165-1177. [PMID: 28924921 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant efforts towards applying improved non-destructive and label-free measurements of biomolecular structures of lipid-based gene delivery vectors, little is achieved in terms of their structural relevance in gene transfections. Better understanding of structure-activity relationships of lipid-DNA complexes and their gene expression efficiencies thus becomes an essential issue. Raman scattering offers a complimentary measurement technique for following the structural transitions of both DNA and lipid vesicles employed for their transfer. This work describes the use of SERS coupled with light scattering approaches for deciphering the bioelectrochemical phase formations between nucleic acids and lipid vesicles within lipoplexes and their surface parameters that could influence both the uptake of non-viral gene carriers and the endocytic routes of interacting cells. As promising non-viral alternatives of currently employed risky viral systems or highly cytotoxic cationic liposomes, complexations of both nucleic acids and zwitterionic lipids in the presence of Mg2+ were studied applying colloidal Ag nanoparticles. It is shown that the results could be employed in further conformational characterizations of similar polyelectrolyte gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Süleymanoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Shin K, Acri T, Geary S, Salem AK. Biomimetic Mineralization of Biomaterials Using Simulated Body Fluids for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1169-1180. [PMID: 28463603 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of synthetic biomaterials imbued with inorganic and organic characteristics of natural bone that are capable of promoting effective bone tissue regeneration is an ongoing goal of regenerative medicine. Calcium phosphate (CaP) has been predominantly utilized to mimic the inorganic components of bone, such as calcium hydroxyapatite, due to its intrinsic bioactivity and osteoconductivity. CaP-based materials can be further engineered to promote osteoinductivity through the incorporation of osteogenic biomolecules. In this study, we briefly describe the microstructure and the process of natural bone mineralization and introduce various methods for coating CaP onto biomaterial surfaces. In particular, we summarize the advantages and current progress of biomimetic surface-mineralizing processes using simulated body fluids for coating bone-like carbonated apatite onto various material surfaces such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. The osteoinductive effects of integrating biomolecules such as proteins, growth factors, and genes into the mineral coatings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsup Shin
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Timothy Acri
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sean Geary
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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17
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Biodegradable and Biocompatible Systems Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Nanostructured silicate substituted calcium phosphate (NanoSiCaPs) nanoparticles — Efficient calcium phosphate based non-viral gene delivery systems. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:486-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Preparation of CaP/pDNA nanoparticles by reverse micro-emulsion method: Optimization of formulation variables using experimental design. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016; 12:179-186. [PMID: 32104328 PMCID: PMC7032106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the CaP/pDNA nanoparticles were prepared using Triton X-100/Butanol/Cyclohexane/Water reverse microemulsion system. Optimization of preparation conditions was based on evaluation of particle size by Box–Behnken design method. The particle sizes of the optimized CaP/pDNA nanoparticles were found to be 60.23 ± 4.72 nm, polydispersity index was 0.252 and pDNA encapsulate efficiency was more than 90%. The optimized CaP/pDNA nanoparticles have pH sensitivity and biocompatibility. Further, optimized CaP/pDNA nanoparticles showed higher transfection efficiency.
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20
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Zhou Z, Kennell C, Lee JY, Leung YK, Tarapore P. Calcium phosphate-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced triple negative breast cancer treatment via co-delivery of paclitaxel and miR-221/222 inhibitors. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:403-410. [PMID: 27520723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a development of a novel calcium phosphate-polymer hybrid nanoparticle system is reported.The nanoparticle system can co-encapsulate and co-deliver a combination of therapeutic agents with different physicochemical properties (i.e., inhibitors for microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 (miRi-221/222) and paclitaxel (pac)).miRi-221/222 are hydrophilic and were encapsulated with calcium phosphate by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil emulsion.The precipitates were then coated with an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA), to co-encapsulate hydrophobic paclitaxel outside the hydrophilic precipitates and inside the same nanoparticle.The nanoparticles formed by following this approach had a size of about ≤100nm and contained both lipid-coated calcium phosphate/miRi and paclitaxel.This nanoparticle system was found to simultaneously deliver paclitaxel and miRi-221/222 to their intracellular targets, leading to inhibit proliferative mechanisms of miR-221/222 and thus significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilan Zhou
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carly Kennell
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joo-Youp Lee
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Biomedical, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pheruza Tarapore
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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21
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Oyane A, Araki H, Nakamura M, Shimizu Y, Shubhra QT, Ito A, Tsurushima H. Controlled superficial assembly of DNA–amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposite spheres for surface-mediated gene delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:519-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Samanta A, Medintz IL. Nanoparticles and DNA - a powerful and growing functional combination in bionanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9037-95. [PMID: 27080924 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functionally integrating DNA and other nucleic acids with nanoparticles in all their different physicochemical forms has produced a rich variety of composite nanomaterials which, in many cases, display unique or augmented properties due to the synergistic activity of both components. These capabilities, in turn, are attracting greater attention from various research communities in search of new nanoscale tools for diverse applications that include (bio)sensing, labeling, targeted imaging, cellular delivery, diagnostics, therapeutics, theranostics, bioelectronics, and biocomputing to name just a few amongst many others. Here, we review this vibrant and growing research area from the perspective of the materials themselves and their unique capabilities. Inorganic nanocrystals such as quantum dots or those made from gold or other (noble) metals along with metal oxides and carbon allotropes are desired as participants in these hybrid materials since they can provide distinctive optical, physical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. Beyond this, synthetic polymer-based and proteinaceous or viral nanoparticulate materials are also useful in the same role since they can provide a predefined and biocompatible cargo-carrying and targeting capability. The DNA component typically provides sequence-based addressability for probes along with, more recently, unique architectural properties that directly originate from the burgeoning structural DNA field. Additionally, DNA aptamers can also provide specific recognition capabilities against many diverse non-nucleic acid targets across a range of size scales from ions to full protein and cells. In addition to appending DNA to inorganic or polymeric nanoparticles, purely DNA-based nanoparticles have recently surfaced as an excellent assembly platform and have started finding application in areas like sensing, imaging and immunotherapy. We focus on selected and representative nanoparticle-DNA materials and highlight their myriad applications using examples from the literature. Overall, it is clear that this unique functional combination of nanomaterials has far more to offer than what we have seen to date and as new capabilities for each of these materials are developed, so, too, will new applications emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Samanta
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. and College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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23
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Skoblikow NE, Zimin AA. Hypothesis of Lithocoding: Origin of the Genetic Code as a "Double Jigsaw Puzzle" of Nucleobase-Containing Molecules and Amino Acids Assembled by Sequential Filling of Apatite Mineral Cellules. J Mol Evol 2016; 82:163-72. [PMID: 27048216 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-016-9736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis of direct coding, assuming the direct contact of pairs of coding molecules with amino acid side chains in hollow unit cells (cellules) of a regular crystal-structure mineral is proposed. The coding nucleobase-containing molecules in each cellule (named "lithocodon") partially shield each other; the remaining free space determines the stereochemical character of the filling side chain. Apatite-group minerals are considered as the most preferable for this type of coding (named "lithocoding"). A scheme of the cellule with certain stereometric parameters, providing for the isomeric selection of contacting molecules is proposed. We modelled the filling of cellules with molecules involved in direct coding, with the possibility of coding by their single combination for a group of stereochemically similar amino acids. The regular ordered arrangement of cellules enables the polymerization of amino acids and nucleobase-containing molecules in the same direction (named "lithotranslation") preventing the shift of coding. A table of the presumed "LithoCode" (possible and optimal lithocodon assignments for abiogenically synthesized α-amino acids involved in lithocoding and lithotranslation) is proposed. The magmatic nature of the mineral, abiogenic synthesis of organic molecules and polymerization events are considered within the framework of the proposed "volcanic scenario".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai E Skoblikow
- Laboratory of Microbiology, North-Caucasian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, 4 Pervomayskaya Street, Znamenskiy Settlement, Krasnodar, Russia, 350055.
- Medical Laboratory "CityLab", 96 Moskovskaya Street, Krasnodar, Russia, 350000.
| | - Andrei A Zimin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
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24
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Guo S, Lu S, Xu P, Ma Y, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Gu W, Xue M. Biomimetic synthesis of needle-like fluorescent calcium phosphate/carbon dot hybrid composites for cell labeling and copper ion detection. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7665-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00395h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a biomimetic method to synthesize needle-like calcium phosphate (CaP) using carbon dots (CDs) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose as dual templates. The CaP/CDs were capable of cell labeling and selective detection of copper ions in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Shousi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Pingxiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Chemical Biology
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
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25
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Polycation liposomes combined with calcium phosphate nanoparticles as a non-viral carrier for siRNA delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Uskoković V. The Role of Hydroxyl Channel in Defining Selected Physicochemical Peculiarities Exhibited by Hydroxyapatite. RSC Adv 2015; 5:36614-36633. [PMID: 26229593 PMCID: PMC4517856 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mysteries surrounding the most important mineral for the vertebrate biology, hydroxyapatite, are many. Perhaps the Greek root of its name, απαταo, meaning 'to deceive' and given to its mineral form by the early gem collectors who confused it with more precious stones, is still applicable today, though in a different connotation, descriptive of a number of physicochemical peculiarities exhibited by it. Comparable to water as the epitome of peculiarities in the realm of liquids, hydroxyapatite can serve as a paradigm for peculiarities in the world of solids. Ten of the peculiar properties of hydroxyapatite are sketched in this review piece, ranging from (i) the crystal lattice flexibility to (ii) notorious surface layer instability to (iii) finite piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and conductivity to protons to (iv) accelerated growth and improved osteoconductivity in the electromagnetic fields to (v) high nucleation rate at low supersaturations and low crystal growth rate at high supersaturations to (vi) higher bioactivity and resorbability of biological apatite compared to the synthetic ones, and beyond. An attempt has been made to explain this array of curious characteristics by referring to a particular element of the crystal structure of hydroxyapatite: the hydroxyl ion channel extending in the direction of the c-axis, through a crystallographic column created by the overlapping calcium ion triangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA
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27
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Nakamura M, Oyane A, Sakamaki I, Ishikawa Y, Shimizu Y, Kawaguchi K. Laser-assisted one-pot fabrication of calcium phosphate-based submicrospheres with internally crystallized magnetite nanoparticles through chemical precipitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8836-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, and surfactant-free fabrication of calcium phosphate (CaP)-based submicrometer spheres encapsulating magnetite nanoparticles was successfully achieved by the application of laser irradiation to a CaP reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nakamura
- Nanosystem Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Ayako Oyane
- Nanosystem Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Ikuko Sakamaki
- Nanosystem Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yoshie Ishikawa
- Nanosystem Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shimizu
- Nanosystem Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Kenji Kawaguchi
- Nanosystem Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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28
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Prabha S, Arya G, Chandra R, Ahmed B, Nimesh S. Effect of size on biological properties of nanoparticles employed in gene delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:83-91. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Sun NF, Liu ZA, Huang WB, Tian AL, Hu SY. The research of nanoparticles as gene vector for tumor gene therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 89:352-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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30
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Inorganic coatings for optimized non-viral transfection of stem cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1567. [PMID: 23535735 PMCID: PMC3610100 DOI: 10.1038/srep01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
“Biomimetic” approaches for heterogeneous growth of inorganic coatings have become particularly widespread in biomedical applications, where calcium phosphate (CaP) mineral coatings are used to improve biomedical implants. Changes in coating properties can influence the effects of mineral coatings on adjacent cells, but to date it has not been practical to systematically vary inorganic coating properties to optimize specific cell behaviors. Here, we present an approach to grow CaP mineral coatings in an enhanced throughput format to identify unprecedented capabilities in non-viral gene delivery. Subtle changes in coating properties resulted in widely variable transfection, and optimized coatings led to greater than 10-fold increases in transgene expression by multiple target cell types when compared to standard techniques. The enhanced transfection observed here is substrate-mediated, and related to the characteristics of the local environment near the surface of dissolving mineral coatings. These findings may be particularly translatable to medical device applications.
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31
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Lai YH, Yu SL, Chen HY, Wang CC, Chen HW, Chen JJW. The HLJ1-targeting drug screening identified Chinese herb andrographolide that can suppress tumour growth and invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1069-80. [PMID: 23306212 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HLJ1 is a novel tumour suppressor and is a potential druggable target for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this report, using a promoter-containing enhancer region as the HLJ1-targeting drug-screening platform, we identified several herbal compounds from a Chinese herbal bank with the capacity to enhance HLJ1 promoter activity and suppress tumour growth and invasion of NSCLC. Among the herbal drugs identified, the andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata [Burm. f.] Nees.) most significantly induced HLJ1 expression and suppressed tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The andrographolide upregulates HLJ1 via JunB activation, which modulates AP-2α binding at the MMP-2 promoter and represses the expression of MMP-2. In addition, silencing of HLJ1 partially reverses the inhibition of cancer-cell invasion by andrographolide. Microarray transcriptomic analysis was performed to comprehensively depict the andrographolide-regulated signalling pathways. We showed that andrographolide can affect 939 genes (analysis of variance, false discovery rate < 0.05) that are dominantly involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis and adhesion-related biological signalling, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, focal adhesion and tight junction pathways, indicating the diverse effects of andrographolide on anticancer invasion and proliferation. In conclusion, the HLJ1-targeting drug-screening platform is useful for screening of novel anticancer compounds. Using this platform, we identified andrographolide is a promising new anticancer agent that could suppress tumour growth and invasion in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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32
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Chowdhury EH. pH-responsive magnesium- and carbonate-substituted apatite nano-crystals for efficient and cell-targeted delivery of transgenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgen.2013.32a1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Nouri A, Castro R, Santos JL, Fernandes C, Rodrigues J, Tomás H. Calcium phosphate-mediated gene delivery using simulated body fluid (SBF). Int J Pharm 2012; 434:199-208. [PMID: 22664458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at developing a new approach in gene delivery of calcium phosphate nanoparticles through simulated body fluid (CaP-SBF). The physicochemical and biological characteristics of the CaP-SBF nanoparticles were compared with those made in pure water (CaP-water) via a similar procedure. The CaP-SBF and CaP-water solutions were then adjusted to two different pH values of 7.4 and 8.0, mixed with plasmid DNA (pDNA), and added in varying amounts to human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells. The transfection efficiency and cell viability were studied in vitro by reporter gene (luciferase and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) expression and the resazurin reduction assay, respectively, 24 and 48 h after the incubation with the nanoparticles. Our results indicated considerably high in vitro transfection efficiency for CaP-SBF/DNA complexes at physiological pH (7.4) with high amounts of CaP. Additionally, the SBF solution exhibited the ability to reduce the rapid growth of CaP particles over time, leading to higher transfection efficiency of CaP-SBF/DNA complexes than those made in water (CaP-water/DNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nouri
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
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34
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Gou J, Zhang K, Tang X. Self-assembling nanoparticles for the release of bisphosphonates in the treatment of human cancers [WO2012042024]. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:1367-75. [PMID: 22925002 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.714371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this patent was to manipulate the pharmacokinetic profile of an amino-bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid, ZOL) to make it desirable for anti-tumor uses. This patent disclosed a unique drug loading strategy that was inspired by gene delivery vehicles based on similar materials (calcium phosphate, CaP). The promise of this drug delivery system (DDS) lies not only in a 44% in vivo inhibition of tumor growth compared with free drug, but also in the low toxicity of the drug which guarantees a dosage regimen with higher doses and longer course of treatment. Also, the disclosed DDS has the potential to be further upgraded. In this patent evaluation, the state of the art in the field of CaP-based drug carrier and the novelty of this invention will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Gou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmaceutics, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
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Calcium phosphate composite layers for surface-mediated gene transfer. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2034-46. [PMID: 22343517 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the surface-mediated gene transfer system using calcium phosphate composite layers is described. Calcium phosphate ceramics are osteoconductive bioceramics used typically in orthopedic and dental applications. Additionally, calcium phosphate particles precipitated by a liquid-phase process have long been used as a safe and biocompatible transfection reagent in molecular biology. Recently, calcium phosphate composite layers immobilizing DNA were fabricated on the surfaces of base materials through a biomimetic process using supersaturated solutions. These composite layers possess useful characteristics of both osteoconductive bioceramics and transfection reagents; they thus provide a biocompatible surface to support cell adhesion and growth, and can stimulate the cell effectively via surface-mediated gene transfer. By modifying the fabrication conditions, physicochemical and biological properties of the composite layers can be varied. With such an approach, these composite layers can be designed to have improved affinity for cells and to exhibit increased gene transfer efficiency over that of conventional lipid transfection reagents. The composite layers with the increased gene transfer efficiency induced specific cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in vivo. These composite layers, given their good biocompatibility and the potential to control cell behavior on their surfaces, have great potential in tissue engineering applications.
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Bose S, Tarafder S. Calcium phosphate ceramic systems in growth factor and drug delivery for bone tissue engineering: a review. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1401-21. [PMID: 22127225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are the most widely used bone substitutes in bone tissue engineering due to their compositional similarities to bone mineral and excellent biocompatibility. In recent years, CaPs, especially hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, have attracted significant interest in simultaneous use as bone substitute and drug delivery vehicle, adding a new dimension to their application. CaPs are more biocompatible than many other ceramic and inorganic nanoparticles. Their biocompatibility and variable stoichiometry, thus surface charge density, functionality, and dissolution properties, make them suitable for both drug and growth factor delivery. CaP matrices and scaffolds have been reported to act as delivery vehicles for growth factors and drugs in bone tissue engineering. Local drug delivery in musculoskeletal disorder treatments can address some of the critical issues more effectively and efficiently than the systemic delivery. CaPs are used as coatings on metallic implants, CaP cements, and custom designed scaffolds to treat musculoskeletal disorders. This review highlights some of the current drug and growth factor delivery approaches and critical issues using CaP particles, coatings, cements, and scaffolds towards orthopedic and dental applications.
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Salimi MN, Bridson RH, Grover LM, Leeke GA. Effect of processing conditions on the formation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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38
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Inorganic nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Pharm Res 2010; 28:237-59. [PMID: 21104301 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an evolving field with enormous potential for biomedical applications. The growing interest to use inorganic nanoparticles in medicine is due to the unique size- and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties. Herein, we will focus on gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles, discussing recent developments for therapeutic applications with regard to cancer in terms of nanoparticles being used as a delivery vehicle as well as therapeutic agents. We will also discuss some of the key challenges to be addressed in future studies.
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Abstract
Calcium phosphate is a natural biomineral and therefore possesses an excellent biocompatibility due to its chemical similarity to human hard tissue (bone and teeth). Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can be precipitated under controlled conditions and used as carrier in biological systems, e.g. to transfer nucleic acids or drugs. Such nanoparticles can also be suitably functionalized with fluorescing dyes, polymeric agents, pro-drugs or activators. The small monodisperse nanoparticles only mildly influence the intracellular calcium level and therefore are not toxic for cells.
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Epple M, Ganesan K, Heumann R, Klesing J, Kovtun A, Neumann S, Sokolova V. Application of calcium phosphatenanoparticles in biomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b910885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Wan F, Tang Z, He W, Chu B. A chemistry/physics pathway with nanofibrous scaffolds for gene delivery. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12379-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c002515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu J, Wang FH, Wang LL, Xiao SY, Tong CY, Tang DY, Liu XM. Preparation of fluorescence starch-nanoparticle and its application as plant transgenic vehicle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11771-008-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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The importance of particle size and DNA condensation salt for calcium phosphate nanoparticle transfection. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3384-92. [PMID: 18485472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate has been used for over 30 years to deliver genetic material to mammalian cells. This vector has proven advantages over other transfection species such as viruses and dendrimers in terms of superior biocompatibility and reduced immune response. However, clinical application of calcium phosphate based transfection techniques is hampered by poor understanding of the key factors underlying its action. Despite widespread in vitro use, little attention has been given to the physico-chemical characteristics of the calcium phosphate particles mediating transfection. In this study parameters were optimised to produce calcium phosphate nanoparticles onto which plasmid DNA (pDNA) was adsorbed that were more effective than a commercial dendrimer vector in delivering pDNA to an osteoblastic cell line and compared favourably in a fibroblastic cell line without the need for special culture conditions such as cell cycle synchronization or glycerol shock treatment. Addition of the pDNA after nanoparticle synthesis allowed for characterisation of particle morphology, size, surface charge and composition. We found that the key parameters for effective calcium phosphate nanoparticle transfection were an optimal concentration of calcium and chloride ions and a nanosized non-agglomerated precipitate.
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Cai Y, Tang R. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles in biomineralization and biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805407j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kutsuzawa K, Akaike T, Chowdhury EH. The influence of the cell-adhesive proteins E-cadherin and fibronectin embedded in carbonate-apatite DNA carrier on transgene delivery and expression in a mouse embryonic stem cell line. Biomaterials 2007; 29:370-6. [PMID: 17949808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to be differentiated to a specific cell type through genetic manipulation and therefore, represent a new and versatile source of cell replacement in regenerative medicine. However, conventional ways of gene transfer to these progenitor cells, suffer from a number of disadvantages particularly involving safety and efficacy issues. We have recently reported on the development of a bio-functionalized DNA carrier of carbonate apatite by embedding fibronectin and E-cadherin chimera on the carrier, leading to its high-affinity interactions with embryonic stem cell surface and accelerated transgene delivery for subsequent expression. Here, we show the molecular basis of synthesizing highly functional composite particles utilizing DNA, cell-adhesive proteins and inorganic crystals, and finally establish a superior transfection system for a mouse stem cell line having potential applications in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kutsuzawa
- Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, E3-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to combat genetic or acquired diseases at their root cause rather than just treating symptoms. It is well recognised that there is an urgent need for non-toxic and efficient gene delivery vectors to fully exploit the current potential of gene therapy in molecular medicine. Cell-specific targeting of bioactive nucleotides is a prerequisite to attain the concentration of nucleic acids required for therapeutic efficacy in the target tissue. Many metal ions such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+ and, most importantly, Ca2+ have been demonstrated to have significant roles in gene delivery. These inorganic cations show low toxicity, good biocompatibility and promise for controlled delivery properties, thus presenting a new alternative to toxic and immunogenic carriers. Recently, inorganic nanoparticles alone, or in combination with a colloidal particulate system such as nanoliposome, an advanced approach to gene delivery, were found to exert a positive effect on gene transfer. In this report, the role of the divalent cations in nucleic acid delivery, particularly with respect to the potential improvement of transfection efficiency of nanolipoplexes, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Mozafari
- Riddet Centre, Private Bag 11-222, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Jere D, Yoo MK, Arote R, Kim TH, Cho MH, Nah JW, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Poly (amino ester) Composed of Poly (ethylene glycol) and Aminosilane Prepared by Combinatorial Chemistry as a Gene Carrier. Pharm Res 2007; 25:875-85. [PMID: 17899325 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Application of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening for the synthesis and evaluation of mini-library of novel biodegradable poly (beta-amino ester)s (PAE)s composed of gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APES) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) for gene delivery efficiency and safety in 293T and HeLa cells in the presence of and absence of serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS PAEs were synthesized at different mole ratios of APES and PEGDA by Michael addition reaction and synthesis was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Ninety six ratios of polyplexes were evaluated for luciferase and MTS assay in 293T and HeLa cells in the presence of and absence of serum. Relationship between transfection efficiency and DNA binding ability of PAEs was studied by gel electrophoresis. Particle sizes and molecular weight of selected PAEs were measured by dynamic light scattering and gel permeation chromatography multi-angle light scattering, respectively. RESULTS 1H-NMR confirmed the synthesis of PAEs. In both cell lines, transfection efficiency and cell viability were increased for PAEs obtained from R106 (0.7:1, APES:PEGDA) to R121 (6:1, APES:PEGDA) with a marginal increase in APES concentration. Transfection pattern was uniform in the absence of and presence of serum. In both cell lines, PAE obtained from R121 demonstrated high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity as compared to polyethylenimine (25 KDa) and Lipofectamine. PAE obtained from R121 showed good DNA binding and condensation with average particle sizes of 133 nm. CONCLUSION Addition of PEGDA over APES resulted in a novel PAE which has high safety and transfection efficiency. Transfection and cytotoxicity are very sensitive to monomer ratios and mainly governed by concentration of amine monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Jere
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
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Chowdhury EH, Akaike T. High performance DNA nano-carriers of carbonate apatite: multiple factors in regulation of particle synthesis and transfection efficiency. Int J Nanomedicine 2007; 2:101-6. [PMID: 17722517 PMCID: PMC2673822 DOI: 10.2147/nano.2007.2.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid on synthetic DNA delivery systems considering some potential life-threatening effects of viral particles, for development of gene-based nano-medicine in the 21st century. In the current nonviral approaches, most of the efforts have been engaged with organic macromolecules like lipids, polymers, and peptides, but comparatively fewer attempts were made to evaluate the potential of inorganic materials for gene delivery. We recently reported that biodegradable nanoparticles of carbonate apatite are highly efficient in transfecting a wide variety of mammalian cells. Here we show that a number of parameters actively regulate synthesis of the nanoparticles and their subsequent transfection efficacy. Development of “supersaturation”, which is the prerequisite for generation of such particles, could be easily modulated by reactant concentrations, pH of the buffered solution, and incubation temperatures, enabling us to establish a flexible particle generation process for highly productive trans-gene delivery. Carbonate incorporation into the particles have been proposed for generating nano-size particles resulting in cellular uptake of huge amount of plasmid DNA as well as endosome destabilization facilitating significant release of DNA from the endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Correspondence: Toshihiro Akaike, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, Tel +81 45 924 5790, Fax +81 45 924 5815, Email
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Mondéjar SP, Kovtun A, Epple M. Lanthanide-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles with high internal crystallinity and with a shell of DNA as fluorescent probes in cell experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b708258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Honda Y, Anada T, Kamakura S, Nakamura M, Sugawara S, Suzuki O. Elevated extracellular calcium stimulates secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 2 by a macrophage cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1155-60. [PMID: 16716259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that macrophages and multinucleated giant cells are responsible for phagocytosis of resorbable calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds implanted in bone defects. However, function of macrophages around the CaP, if continuously exposed to various concentration of extracellular calcium ions ([Ca(2+)](o)), is still unknown. The present study showed that when resorbable octacalcium phosphate was implanted in mouse calvaria, macrophage-like cells were observed around the implant during bone formation. Then, experiments were designed to investigate whether secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is enhanced by [Ca(2+)](o) in a macrophage cell line (J774A.1) in vitro. The mRNA expression and the secretion of BMP-2 in J774A.1 cells were significantly increased when incubated in the medium with [Ca(2+)](o) up to 14mM. The promotion of mRNA expression was maintained even when incubated with a small amount of minute CaP crystals. The present results suggest that [Ca(2+)](o) above physiological concentration may stimulate macrophages to induce osteogenic cytokine, such as BMP-2, for bone formation by osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Honda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering (CFE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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