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Kucharczyk T, Nicoś M, Kucharczyk M, Kalinka E. NRG1 Gene Fusions-What Promise Remains Behind These Rare Genetic Alterations? A Comprehensive Review of Biology, Diagnostic Approaches, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2766. [PMID: 39123493 PMCID: PMC11311641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a variety of druggable genetic alterations that revolutionized the treatment approaches. However, identifying new alterations may broaden the group of patients benefitting from such novel treatment options. Recently, the interest focused on the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1), whose fusions may have become a potential predictive factor. To date, the occurrence of NRG1 fusions has been considered a negative prognostic marker in NSCLC treatment; however, many premises remain behind the targetability of signaling pathways affected by the NRG1 gene. The role of NRG1 fusions in ErbB-mediated cell proliferation especially seems to be considered as a main target of treatment. Hence, NSCLC patients harboring NRG1 fusions may benefit from targeted therapies such as pan-HER family inhibitors, which have shown efficacy in previous studies in various cancers, and anti-HER monoclonal antibodies. Considering the increased interest in the NRG1 gene as a potential clinical target, in the following review, we highlight its biology, as well as the potential clinical implications that were evaluated in clinics or remained under consideration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kucharczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marek Kucharczyk
- Department of Zoology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kalinka
- Oncology Clinic, Institute of the Polish Mother’s Health Center in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
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Vargas J, Pantouris G. Analysis of CD74 Occurrence in Oncogenic Fusion Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15981. [PMID: 37958963 PMCID: PMC10650716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD74 is a type II cell surface receptor found to be highly expressed in several hematological and solid cancers, due to its ability to activate pathways associated with tumor cell survival and proliferation. Over the past 16 years, CD74 has emerged as a commonly detected fusion partner in multiple oncogenic fusion proteins. Studies have found CD74 fusion proteins in a range of cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To date, there are five known CD74 fusion proteins, CD74-ROS1, CD74-NTRK1, CD74-NRG1, CD74-NRG2α, and CD74-PDGFRB, with a total of 16 different variants, each with unique genetic signatures. Importantly, the occurrence of CD74 in the formation of fusion proteins has not been well explored despite the fact that ROS1 and NRG1 families utilize CD74 as the primary partner for the formation of oncogenic fusions. Fusion proteins known to be oncogenic drivers, including those of CD74, are typically detected and targeted after standard chemotherapeutic plans fail and the disease relapses. The analysis reported herein provides insights into the early intervention of CD74 fusions and highlights the need for improved routine assessment methods so that targeted therapies can be applied while they are most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
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Zhu P, Schon M, Questa J, Nodine M, Dean C. Causal role of a promoter polymorphism in natural variation of the Arabidopsis floral repressor gene FLC. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4381-4391.e3. [PMID: 37729909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding polymorphism frequently associates with phenotypic variation, but causation and mechanism are rarely established. Noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) characterize the major haplotypes of the Arabidopsis thaliana floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). This noncoding polymorphism generates a range of FLC expression levels, determining the requirement for and the response to winter cold. The major adaptive determinant of these FLC haplotypes was shown to be the autumnal levels of FLC expression. Here, we investigate how noncoding SNPs influence FLC transcriptional output. We identify an upstream transcription start site (uTSS) cluster at FLC, whose usage is increased by an A variant at the promoter SNP-230. This variant is present in relatively few Arabidopsis accessions, with the majority containing G at this site. We demonstrate a causal role for the A variant at -230 in reduced FLC transcriptional output. The G variant upregulates FLC expression redundantly with the major transcriptional activator FRIGIDA (FRI). We demonstrate an additive interaction of SNP-230 with an intronic SNP+259, which also differentially influences uTSS usage. Combinatorial interactions between noncoding SNPs and transcriptional activators thus generate quantitative variation in FLC transcription that has facilitated the adaptation of Arabidopsis accessions to distinct climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Michael Schon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Julia Questa
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Michael Nodine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Caroline Dean
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Severson E, Achyut BR, Nesline M, Pabla S, Previs RA, Kannan G, Chenn A, Zhang S, Klein R, Conroy J, Sausen M, Sathyan P, Saini KS, Ghosh A, Jensen TJ, Reddy P, Ramkissoon SH. RNA Sequencing Identifies Novel NRG1 Fusions in Solid Tumors that Lack Co-Occurring Oncogenic Drivers. J Mol Diagn 2023; 25:454-466. [PMID: 37164276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NRG1 gene fusions are rare, therapeutically relevant, oncogenic drivers that occur across solid tumor types. To understand the landscape of NRG1 gene fusions, 4397 solid tumor formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples consecutively tested by comprehensive genomic and immune profiling during standard care were analyzed. Nineteen NRG1 fusions were found in 17 unique patients, across multiple tumor types, including non-small-cell lung (n = 7), breast (n = 2), colorectal (n = 3), esophageal (n = 2), ovarian (n = 1), pancreatic (n = 1), and unknown primary (n = 1) carcinomas, with a cumulative incidence of 0.38%. Fusions were identified with breakpoints across four NRG1 introns spanning 1.4 megabases, with a mixture of known (n = 8) and previously unreported (n = 11) fusion partners. Co-occurring driver alterations in tumors with NRG1 fusions were uncommon, except colorectal carcinoma, where concurrent alterations in APC, BRAF, and ERBB2 were present in a subset of cases. The overall lack of co-occurring drivers highlights the importance of identifying NRG1 gene fusions, as these patients are unlikely to harbor other targetable alterations. In addition, RNA sequencing is important to identify NRG1 gene fusions given the variety of fusion partners and large genomic areas where breakpoints can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Severson
- Enterprise Oncology, Labcorp, Durham, North Carolina.
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca A Previs
- Enterprise Oncology, Labcorp, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Anjen Chenn
- Enterprise Oncology, Labcorp, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Mark Sausen
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kamal S Saini
- Enterprise Oncology, Labcorp, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Enterprise Oncology, Labcorp, Durham, North Carolina; Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Steele TM, Tsamouri MM, Siddiqui S, Lucchesi CA, Vasilatis D, Mooso BA, Durbin-Johnson BP, Ma AH, Hejazi N, Parikh M, Mudryj M, Pan CX, Ghosh PM. Cisplatin-induced increase in heregulin 1 and its attenuation by the monoclonal ErbB3 antibody seribantumab in bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9617. [PMID: 37316561 PMCID: PMC10267166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is the foundation for treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BlCa), but many patients develop chemoresistance mediated by increased Akt and ERK phosphorylation. However, the mechanism by which cisplatin induces this increase has not been elucidated. Among six patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of BlCa, we observed that the cisplatin-resistant BL0269 express high epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB2/HER2 and ErbB3/HER3. Cisplatin treatment transiently increased phospho-ErbB3 (Y1328), phospho-ERK (T202/Y204) and phospho-Akt (S473), and analysis of radical cystectomy tissues from patients with BlCa showed correlation between ErbB3 and ERK phosphorylation, likely due to the activation of ERK via the ErbB3 pathway. In vitro analysis revealed a role for the ErbB3 ligand heregulin1-β1 (HRG1/NRG1), which is higher in chemoresistant lines compared to cisplatin-sensitive cells. Additionally, cisplatin treatment, both in PDX and cell models, increased HRG1 levels. The monoclonal antibody seribantumab, that obstructs ErbB3 ligand-binding, suppressed HRG1-induced ErbB3, Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Seribantumab also prevented tumor growth in both the chemosensitive BL0440 and chemoresistant BL0269 models. Our data demonstrate that cisplatin-associated increases in Akt and ERK phosphorylation is mediated by an elevation in HRG1, suggesting that inhibition of ErbB3 phosphorylation may be a useful therapeutic strategy in BlCa with high phospho-ErbB3 and HRG1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Steele
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Urological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Maria Malvina Tsamouri
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Urological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Lucchesi
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Demitria Vasilatis
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Urological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Benjamin A Mooso
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Blythe P Durbin-Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Hong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nazila Hejazi
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Yosemite Pathology Medical Group, Inc., Modesto, CA, USA
| | - Mamta Parikh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
- Department of Urological Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Moradkhani A, Turki Jalil A, Mahmood Saleh M, Vanaki E, Daghagh H, Daghighazar B, Akbarpour Z, Ghahramani Almanghadim H. Correlation of rs35753505 polymorphism in Neuregulin 1 gene with psychopathology and intelligence of people with schizophrenia. Gene 2023; 867:147285. [PMID: 36905948 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders. About 0.5 to 1% of the world's population suffers from this non-Mendelian disorder. Environmental and genetic factors seem to be involved in this disorder. In this article, we investigate the alleles and genotypic correlation of mononucleotide rs35753505 polymorphism of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), one of the selected genes of schizophrenia, with psychopathology and intelligence. MATERIALS AND METHODS 102 independent and 98 healthy patients participated in this study. DNA was extracted by the salting out method and the polymorphism (rs35753505) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing was performed on PCR products. Allele frequency analysis was performed using COCAPHASE software, and genotype analysis was performed using Clump22 software. RESULTS According to our study's statistical findings, all case samples from the three categories of men, women, and overall participants significantly differed from the control group in terms of the prevalence of allele C and the CC risk genotype. The rs35753505 polymorphism significantly raised Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) test results, according to a correlation analysis between the two variables. However, this polymorphism led to a significant decrease in overall intelligence in case samples compared to control samples. CONCLUSION In this study, it seems that the rs35753505 polymorphism of NRG1 gene has a significant role in the sample of patients with schizophrenia in Iran and also in psychopathology and intelligence disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Moradkhani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University Of Anbar, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Elmira Vanaki
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Daghagh
- Biochemistry Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Daghighazar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarpour
- Department of Basic Science, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Azad Islamic University, Tabriz, Iran
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Lysko DE, Talbot WS. Unmyelinated sensory neurons use Neuregulin signals to promote myelination of interneurons in the CNS. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111669. [PMID: 36384112 PMCID: PMC9719401 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling mechanisms neurons use to modulate myelination of circuits in the central nervous system (CNS) are only partly understood. Through analysis of isoform-specific neuregulin1 (nrg1) mutants in zebrafish, we demonstrate that nrg1 type II is an important regulator of myelination of two classes of spinal cord interneurons. Surprisingly, nrg1 type II expression is prominent in unmyelinated Rohon-Beard sensory neurons, whereas myelination of neighboring interneurons is reduced in nrg1 type II mutants. Cell-type-specific loss-of-function studies indicate that nrg1 type II is required in Rohon-Beard neurons to signal to other neurons, not oligodendrocytes, to modulate spinal cord myelination. Together, our data support a model in which unmyelinated neurons express Nrg1 type II proteins to regulate myelination of neighboring neurons, a mode of action that may coordinate the functions of unmyelinated and myelinated neurons in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Lysko
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang P, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Cui X. Neuregulin-1, a potential therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945206. [PMID: 36120374 PMCID: PMC9471952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NRG1 (Neuregulin-1) is an effective cardiomyocyte proliferator, secreted and released by endothelial vascular cells, and affects the cardiovascular system. It plays a major role in heart growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cardiovascular processes. Numerous experiments have shown that NRG1 can repair the heart in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. NRG1 can connect related signaling pathways through the NRG1/ErbB pathway, which form signal cascades to improve the myocardial microenvironment, such as regulating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, necrotic apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent research advances on the molecular mechanisms of NRG1, elucidate the contribution of NRG1 to cardiovascular disease, discuss therapeutic approaches targeting NRG1 associated with cardiovascular disease, and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianliang Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
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Mestiri S, Boussetta S, Pakstis AJ, El Kamel S, Ben Ammar El Gaaied A, Kidd KK, Cherni L. New Insight into the human genetic diversity in North African populations by genotyping of SNPs in DRD3, CSMD1 and NRG1 genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1871. [PMID: 35128830 PMCID: PMC8922960 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3), the CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) and the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes were used to study the genetic diversity and affinity among North African populations and to examine their genetic relationships in worldwide populations. METHODS The rs3773678, rs3732783 and rs6280 SNPs of the DRD3 gene located on chromosome 3, the rs10108270 SNP of the CSMD1 gene and the rs383632, rs385396 and rs1462906 SNPs of the NRG1 gene located on chromosome 8 were analysed in 366 individuals from seven North African populations (Libya, Kairouan, Mehdia, Sousse, Kesra, Smar and Kerkennah). RESULTS The low values of FST indicated that only 0.27%-1.65% of the genetic variability was due to the differences between the populations. The Kairouan population has the lowest average heterozygosity among the North African populations. Haplotypes composed of the ancestral alleles ACC and ACAT were more frequent in the Kairouan population than in other North African populations. The PCA and the haplotypic analysis showed that the genetic structure of populations in North Africa was closer to that of Europeans, Admixed Americans, South Asians and East Asians. However, analysis of the rs3732783 and rs6280 SNPs revealed that the CT microhaplotype was specific to the North African population. CONCLUSIONS The Kairouan population exhibited a relatively low rate of genetic variability. The North African population has undergone significant gene flow but also evolutionary forces that have made it genetically distinct from other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Mestiri
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization (LR11ES41)University of MonastirMonastirTunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirMonastir UniversityMonastirTunisia
| | - Sami Boussetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Andrew J. Pakstis
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sarra El Kamel
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammar El Gaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Kenneth K. Kidd
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Lotfi Cherni
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirMonastir UniversityMonastirTunisia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
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NRG1 and NRG2 fusion positive solid tumor malignancies: a paradigm of ligand-fusion oncogenesis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:242-258. [PMID: 34996744 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are a family of six related physiological ligands all containing a receptor-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain that mediate their binding to cellular receptors. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is the main physiological ligand to HER3. NRG1 fusion (NRG1+) was first reported in a breast cancer cell line and NRG2 fusions have recently been identified in solid tumors. It is postulated that NRG1 fusions, through mostly transmembrane fusion partners, result in NRG1 being concentrated in proximity to HER3, leading to its constitutive activation and oncogenesis. Recently, a monoclonal antibody that disrupts the binding of NRG1 to HER3 and HER3/HER2 heterodimerization has resulted in NRG1+ tumor shrinkage, suggesting that 'ligand-fusion' may be a novel mechanism of oncogenesis.
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11
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Xu HY, Sun YJ, Sun YY, Wu YJ, Xu MY, Chen LP, Zhu L. Lapatinib alleviates TOCP-induced axonal damage in the spinal cord of mouse. Neuropharmacology 2021; 189:108535. [PMID: 33766630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), a family of EGF-like factors that activates ErbB receptors, can regulate the proliferation, migration, and myelinating of Schwann cells. We previously reported that NRG1/ErbB signal is responsible for organophosphate (OP)-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in hens, a susceptive animal model to neuropathic organophosphorous compounds. Our previous study discovered that a neuropathic OP, tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) activated NRG1/ErbB signaling pathway in both spinal cord and sciatic nerves of hens during the formation of OPIDN and lapatinib, a non-selective antagonist of ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors, alleviated the toxicity. In this study, we intended to further look into the potential role of NRG1 in the pathogenesis of TOCP-induced axon damage in spinal cord and sciatic nerves and whether lapatinib could also rescue this damage in mice, an OPIDN-resistant animal model. The results revealed that no obvious toxic signs were observed after single TOCP exposure. However, slight histopathological wreck in lumbar spinal cord and sciatic nerves was found following TOCP intoxication, and the damage in sciatic nerves was characterized by axon degeneration of myelin sheath but not the loss of neural skeleton. Only histopathological damage induced by TOCP in spinal cord could be prevented by lapatinib. The translational expression of NRG1/ErbB signaling molecules was analyzed by both in vivo and in vitro studies. In general, NRG1/ErbB pathway was activated by TOCP while combined treatment with lapatinib attenuated TOCP-induced NRG1/ErbB signaling cascade. The results implied that NRG1/ErbB system may predominately play functional role in spinal cord (central nervous system) but not in sciatic nerves (peripheral nervous system) of mouse subjected to neurotoxic OP, which was confirmed by the study in vitro that lapatinib was not able to attenuate TOCP-induced neurotoxicity in rodent Schwann cell line RSC 96 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| | - Ming-Yuan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
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Effects of handling on the behavioural phenotype of the neuregulin 1 type III transgenic mouse model for schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113166. [PMID: 33588020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Handling of laboratory mice affects animal wellbeing and behavioural test outcomes. However, present research has focused on handling effects in common strains of laboratory mice despite the knowledge that environmental factors can modify established phenotypes of genetic mouse models. Thus, we examined the impact of handling on the face validity of a transgenic mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1 (i.e. Nrg1 type III overexpression). Nrg1 III tg and wild type-like (WT) control mice of both sexes underwent tail or tunnel handling before being assessed in the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), social preference/novelty, prepulse inhibition, and fear conditioning tests. Tunnel-handling reduced the startle response in all mice, increased OF locomotion and exploration in males and reduced anxiety in males (OF) and females (EPM) compared to tail-handling. Importantly, tunnel handling induced a more pronounced startle response to increasing startle stimuli in Nrg1 III tg females compared to respective controls, a phenomenon absent in tail-handled females. Finally, Nrg1 III tg males displayed reduced OF exploration and centre locomotion and Nrg1 III tg females displayed increased cue freezing over time compared to controls. In conclusion, handling methods have a significant impact on a variety of behavioural domains thus the impact of routine handling procedures need be considered when testing behavioural phenotypes. Handling did not change the main schizophrenia-relevant characteristics of Nrg1 III tg mice but affected the acoustic startle-response in a genotype- and sex-specific manner. Future research should evaluate the effect of handling on other genetic models.
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13
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Ou GY, Lin WW, Zhao WJ. Neuregulins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:662474. [PMID: 33897409 PMCID: PMC8064692 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.662474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are typically characterized by progressive neuronal loss and neurological dysfunctions in the nervous system, affecting both memory and motor functions. Neuregulins (NRGs) belong to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family of extracellular ligands and they play an important role in the development, maintenance, and repair of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) through the ErbB signaling pathway. They also regulate multiple intercellular signal transduction and participate in a wide range of biological processes, such as differentiation, migration, and myelination. In this review article, we summarized research on the changes and roles of NRGs in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. We elaborated on the structural features of each NRG subtype and roles of NRG/ErbB signaling networks in neurodegenerative diseases. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of NRGs in the symptom remission of neurodegenerative diseases, which may offer hope for advancing related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao
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14
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Kasuga Y, Kawai T, Miyakoshi K, Saisho Y, Tamagawa M, Hasegawa K, Ikenoue S, Ochiai D, Hida M, Tanaka M, Hata K. Epigenetic Changes in Neonates Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus May Be Associated With Neonatal Hypoglycaemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690648. [PMID: 34267729 PMCID: PMC8276691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of epigenetic changes associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia may reveal the pathophysiology and predict the onset of future diseases in offspring. We hypothesized that neonatal hypoglycaemia reflects the in utero environment associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify epigenetic changes associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia. The association between DNA methylation using Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip and neonatal plasma glucose (PG) level at 1 h after birth in 128 offspring born at term to mothers with well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus was investigated by robust linear regression analysis. Cord blood DNA methylation at 12 CpG sites was significantly associated with PG at 1 h after birth after adding infant sex, delivery method, gestational day, and blood cell compositions as covariates to the regression model. DNA methylation at two CpG sites near an alternative transcription start site of ZNF696 was significantly associated with the PG level at 1 h following birth (false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05). Methylation levels at these sites increased as neonatal PG levels at 1 h after birth decreased. In conclusion, gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with DNA methylation changes at the alternative transcription start site of ZNF696 in cord blood cells. This is the first report of DNA methylation changes associated with neonatal PG at 1 h after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kenichiro Hata, ; Tomoko Kawai,
| | - Kei Miyakoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tamagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kenichiro Hata, ; Tomoko Kawai,
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15
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Laskin J, Liu SV, Tolba K, Heining C, Schlenk RF, Cheema P, Cadranel J, Jones MR, Drilon A, Cseh A, Gyorffy S, Solca F, Duruisseaux M. NRG1 fusion-driven tumors: biology, detection, and the therapeutic role of afatinib and other ErbB-targeting agents. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1693-1703. [PMID: 32916265 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic gene fusions are hybrid genes that result from structural DNA rearrangements, leading to deregulated activity. Fusions involving the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1) result in ErbB-mediated pathway activation and therefore present a rational candidate for targeted treatment. The most frequently reported NRG1 fusion is CD74-NRG1, which most commonly occurs in patients with invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMAs) of the lung, although several other NRG1 fusion partners have been identified in patients with lung cancer, including ATP1B1, SDC4, and RBPMS. NRG1 fusions are also present in patients with other solid tumors, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In general, NRG1 fusions are rare across different types of cancer, with a reported incidence of <1%, with the notable exception of IMA, which represents ≈2%-10% of lung adenocarcinomas and has a reported incidence of ≈10%-30% for NRG1 fusions. A substantial proportion (≈20%) of NRG1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer cases are nonmucinous adenocarcinomas. ErbB-targeted treatments, such as afatinib, a pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor, are potential therapeutic strategies to address unmet treatment needs in patients harboring NRG1 fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laskin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - S V Liu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA
| | - K Tolba
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Heining
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany; Center for Personalized Oncology, NCT Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - R F Schlenk
- National Center of Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Cheema
- William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Cadranel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - M R Jones
- QIAGEN Digital Insights, QIAGEN Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - A Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Cseh
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - S Gyorffy
- AstraZeneca Canada Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - F Solca
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Duruisseaux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon Cancer Institute, Anticancer Antibodies Lab Cancer Research Center of Lyon INSERM 1052 CNRS 528, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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16
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Yang SR, Schultheis AM, Yu H, Mandelker D, Ladanyi M, Büttner R. Precision medicine in non-small cell lung cancer: Current applications and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 84:184-198. [PMID: 32730814 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in biomarkers, targeted therapies, and immuno-oncology have transformed the clinical management of patients with advanced NSCLC. For oncogene-driven tumors, there are highly effective targeted therapies against EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, TRK, RET, and MET. In addition, investigational therapies for KRAS, NRG1, and HER2 have shown promising results and may become standard-of-care in the near future. In parallel, immune-checkpoint therapy has emerged as an indispensable treatment modality, especially for patients lacking actionable oncogenic drivers. While PD-L1 expression has shown modest predictive utility, biomarkers for immune-checkpoint inhibition in NSCLC have remained elusive and represent an area of active investigation. Given the growing importance of biomarkers, optimal utilization of small tissue biopsies and alternative genotyping methods using circulating cell-free DNA have become increasingly integrated into clinical practice. In this review, we will summarize the current landscape and emerging trends in precision medicine for patients with advanced NSCLC with a special focus on predictive biomarker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ryum Yang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, United States
| | | | - Helena Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Diana Mandelker
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, United States
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, United States
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Pathology, Germany.
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17
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Mòdol-Caballero G, García-Lareu B, Verdés S, Ariza L, Sánchez-Brualla I, Brocard F, Bosch A, Navarro X, Herrando-Grabulosa M. Therapeutic Role of Neuregulin 1 Type III in SOD1-Linked Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1048-1060. [PMID: 31965551 PMCID: PMC7609630 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motoneuron (Mn) disease without effective cure currently available. Death of MNs in ALS is preceded by failure of neuromuscular junctions and axonal retraction. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a neurotrophic factor highly expressed in MNs and neuromuscular junctions that support axonal and neuromuscular development and maintenance. NRG1 and its ErbB receptors are involved in ALS. Reduced NRG1 expression has been found in ALS patients and in the ALS SOD1G93A mouse model; however, the expression of the isoforms of NRG1 and its receptors is still controversial. Due to the reduced levels of NRG1 type III (NRG1-III) in the spinal cord of ALS patients, we used gene therapy based on intrathecal administration of adeno-associated virus to overexpress NRG1-III in SOD1G93A mice. The mice were evaluated from 9 to 16 weeks of age by electrophysiology and rotarod tests. At 16 weeks, samples were harvested for histological and molecular analyses. Our results indicate that overexpression of NRG1-III is able to preserve neuromuscular function of the hindlimbs, improve locomotor performance, increase the number of surviving MNs, and reduce glial reactivity in the treated female SOD1G93A mice. Furthermore, the NRG1-III/ErbB4 axis appears to regulate MN excitability by modulating the chloride transporter KCC2 and reduces the expression of the MN vulnerability marker MMP-9. However, NRG1-III did not have a significant effect on male mice, indicating relevant sex differences. These findings indicate that increasing NRG1-III at the spinal cord is a promising approach for promoting MN protection and functional improvement in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Belén García-Lareu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergi Verdés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Ariza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Brualla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Brocard
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Assumpció Bosch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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18
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Neuregulins 1, 2, and 3 Promote Early Neurite Outgrowth in ErbB4-Expressing Cortical GABAergic Interneurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3568-3588. [PMID: 32542595 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuregulins (Nrgs 1-4) are a family of signaling molecules that play diverse roles in the nervous system. Nrg1 has been implicated in the formation of synapses and in synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have shown Nrg1 can affect neurite outgrowth in several neuronal populations, while the role of Nrg2 and Nrg3 in this process has remained understudied. The Nrgs can bind and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase which is preferentially expressed in GABAergic interneurons in the rodent hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Nrgs 1, 2, and 3 on neurite outgrowth of dissociated rat cortical ErbB4-positive (+)/GABA+ interneurons in vitro. All three Nrgs were able to promote neurite outgrowth during the first 2 days in vitro, with increases detected for both the axon (116-120%) and other neurites (100-120%). Increases in the average number of primary and secondary neurites were also observed. Treatment with the Nrgs for an additional 3 days promoted an increase in axonal length (86-96%), with only minimal effects on the remaining neurites (8-13%). ErbB4 expression persisted throughout the dendritic arbor and cell soma at all stages examined, while its expression in the axon was transient and declined with cell maturation. ErbB4 overexpression in GABAergic neurons promoted neurite outgrowth, an effect that was potentiated by Nrg treatment. These results show that Nrgs 1, 2, and 3 are each capable of influencing dendritic and axonal growth at early developmental stages in GABAergic neurons grown in vitro.
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19
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Paterson C, Cumming B, Law AJ. Temporal Dynamics of the Neuregulin-ErbB Network in the Murine Prefrontal Cortex across the Lifespan. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3325-3339. [PMID: 31897479 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-ErbB signaling is essential for numerous functions in the developing, adult, and aging brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Mouse models with disrupted Nrg and/or ErbB genes are relevant to psychiatric, developmental, and age-related disorders, displaying a range of abnormalities stemming from cortical circuitry impairment. Many of these models display nonoverlapping phenotypes dependent upon the gene target and timing of perturbation, suggesting that cortical expression of the Nrg-ErbB network undergoes temporal regulation across the lifespan. Here, we report a comprehensive temporal expression mapping study of the Nrg-ErbB signaling network in the mouse PFC across postnatal development through aging. We find that Nrg and ErbB genes display distinct expression profiles; moreover, splice isoforms of these genes are differentially expressed across the murine lifespan. We additionally find a developmental switch in ErbB4 splice isoform expression potentially mediated through coregulation of the lncRNA Miat expression. Our results are the first to comprehensively and quantitatively map the expression patterns of the Nrg-ErbB network in the mouse PFC across the postnatal lifespan and may help disentangle the pathway's involvement in normal cortical sequences of events across the lifespan, as well as shedding light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of abnormal Nrg-ErbB signaling in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Paterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke Cumming
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amanda J Law
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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20
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Ledonne A, Mercuri NB. On the Modulatory Roles of Neuregulins/ErbB Signaling on Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010275. [PMID: 31906113 PMCID: PMC6981567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are a family of epidermal growth factor-related proteins, acting on tyrosine kinase receptors of the ErbB family. NRGs play an essential role in the development of the nervous system, since they orchestrate vital functions such as cell differentiation, axonal growth, myelination, and synapse formation. They are also crucially involved in the functioning of adult brain, by directly modulating neuronal excitability, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we provide a review of the literature documenting the roles of NRGs/ErbB signaling in the modulation of synaptic plasticity, focusing on evidence reported in the hippocampus and midbrain dopamine (DA) nuclei. The emerging picture shows multifaceted roles of NRGs/ErbB receptors, which critically modulate different forms of synaptic plasticity (LTP, LTD, and depotentiation) affecting glutamatergic, GABAergic, and DAergic synapses, by various mechanisms. Further, we discuss the relevance of NRGs/ErbB-dependent synaptic plasticity in the control of brain processes, like learning and memory and the known involvement of NRGs/ErbB signaling in the modulation of synaptic plasticity in brain’s pathological conditions. Current evidence points to a central role of NRGs/ErbB receptors in controlling glutamatergic LTP/LTD and GABAergic LTD at hippocampal CA3–CA1 synapses, as well as glutamatergic LTD in midbrain DA neurons, thus supporting that NRGs/ErbB signaling is essential for proper brain functions, cognitive processes, and complex behaviors. This suggests that dysregulated NRGs/ErbB-dependent synaptic plasticity might contribute to mechanisms underlying different neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ledonne
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, no 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3906-501703160; Fax: +3906-501703307
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, no 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier no 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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21
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Zhang W, Cai S, Huang K, Lv Y, Kang Y, Wang Q, Huang L. Association between schizophrenia risk allele dosage of rs6994992 and whole-brain structural and functional characteristics. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 294:110956. [PMID: 31202487 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The rs6994992 polymorphism has been reported as a candidate variant associated with schizophrenia (SZ). Neuroimaging studies have revealed that SZ is associated with widespread structural and functional alterations in brain. However, whether the allele dosage of rs6994992 is associated with brain structural or functional features is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between the risk allele dosage of rs6994992 and whole-brain structural and functional characteristics and to further explore the relationship between these characteristics and cognition. Magnetic resonance images and the rs6994992 genotype were obtained from 53 healthy participants. A general linear model was used to determine the effects of risk allele dosage of rs6994992 on brain characteristics. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between altered brain characteristics and cognitive scores. Our results demonstrated that regions with significant differences in structural characteristics between groups with different dosages of rs6994992 were mainly located in the frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus and angular gyrus. Moreover, significant regions of functional connectivity (FC) partly overlapped with the structural results. Measurements in those significant regions and FCs were correlated with the cognition scales. This association can inform our understanding of the mechanisms through which rs6994992 variants increase the risk for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Suping Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Kexin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Yahui Lv
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Yafei Kang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi 'an Jiaotong university, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China.
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22
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Huang Z, Liu J, Luo L, Sheng P, Wang B, Zhang J, Peng SS. Genome-Wide Identification of a Novel Autophagy-Related Signature for Colorectal Cancer. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819894179. [PMID: 31853237 PMCID: PMC6906358 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819894179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plenty of evidence has suggested that autophagy plays a crucial role in the
biological processes of cancers. This study aimed to screen
autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and establish a novel a scoring system for
colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Autophagy-related genes sequencing data and the corresponding clinical data
of CRC in The Cancer Genome Atlas were used as training data set. The
GSE39582 data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus was used as validation
set. An autophagy-related signature was developed in training set using
univariate Cox analysis followed by stepwise multivariate Cox analysis and
assessed in the validation set. Then we analyzed the function and pathways
of ARGs using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) database. Finally, a prognostic nomogram combining the
autophagy-related risk score and clinicopathological characteristics was
developed according to multivariate Cox analysis. Results: After univariate and multivariate analysis, 3 ARGs were used to construct
autophagy-related signature. The KEGG pathway analyses showed several
significantly enriched oncological signatures, such as p53 signaling
pathway, apoptosis, human cytomegalovirus infection, platinum drug
resistance, necroptosis, and ErbB signaling pathway. Patients were divided
into high- and low-risk groups, and patients with high risk had
significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients in both
training set and validation set. Furthermore, the nomogram for predicting 3-
and 5-year OS was established based on autophagy-based risk score and
clinicopathologic factors. The area under the curve and calibration curves
indicated that the nomogram showed well accuracy of prediction. Conclusions: Our proposed autophagy-based signature has important prognostic value and may
provide a promising tool for the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Sato S, Maekawa R, Tamura I, Shirafuta Y, Shinagawa M, Asada H, Taketani T, Tamura H, Sugino N. SATB2 and NGR1: potential upstream regulatory factors in uterine leiomyomas. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2385-2397. [PMID: 31728810 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We attempted to identify the genes involved in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas, under a hypothesis that the aberrant expression of upstream regulatory genes caused by aberrant DNA methylation is involved in the onset and development of uterine leiomyomas. METHODS To find such genes, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression and DNA methylation in uterine leiomyomas and adjacent normal myometrium. Analysis of the data by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software identified SATB2 which is known to be an epigenetic regulator, and NRG1 as candidate upstream regulatory genes. To infer the functions of these genes, human uterine smooth muscle cell lines overexpressing SATB2 or NRG1 genes were established (SATB2 or NRG1 lines), and their transcriptomes and pathways were analyzed. RESULTS SATB2 and NRG1 were confirmed to be hypermethylated and upregulated in most uterine leiomyoma specimens (nine to 11 of the 11 cases). Among the established cell lines, morphological changes from spindle-like forms to fibroblast-like forms with elongated protrusions were observed in only the SATB2 line. Pathway analysis revealed that WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways which are related to the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas were activated in both SATB2 and NRG1 lines. In addition, signaling of growth factors including VEGF, PDGF, and IGF1, and retinoic acid signaling were activated in the SATB2 and NRG1 lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SATB2 and NRG1 overexpression induced many of the signaling pathways that are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas, suggesting that these genes have roles as upstream regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirafuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromi Asada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
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24
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NRG1-ErbB4 signaling promotes functional recovery in a murine model of traumatic brain injury via regulation of GABA release. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:3351-3362. [PMID: 31720762 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health problem in the world. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of TBI. Here, we show that TBI activates neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-ErbB4 signaling, with an increased expression of NRG1 and ErbB4 in the traumatic region. Specifically knocking out ErbB4 in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons exacerbates motor function deficits in mice after TBI. Consistently, PV-ErbB4-/- mice showed larger necrotic area and more edema when compared with PV-ErbB4+/+ mice. Replenishment of NRG1 through intranasal application of the recombinant protein in PV-ErbB4+/+ mice enhanced neurological function. Moreover, using an in vitro neuronal culture system, we found that NRG1-ErbB4 signaling protects neurons from glutamate-induced death, and such protective effects could be diminished by GABA receptor antagonist. These results indicate that NRG-ErbB4 signaling protects cortical neurons from TBI-induced damage, and such effect is probably mediated by promoting GABA activity. Taken together, these findings unveil a previously unappreciated role for NRG1-ErB4 signaling in preventing neuronal cell death during functional recovery after TBI.
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25
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Ryu S, Lee JM, Bae CA, Moon CE, Cho KO. Therapeutic efficacy of neuregulin 1-expressing human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222587. [PMID: 31560696 PMCID: PMC6764745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) have been reported to ameliorate neurological deficits after acute ischemic stroke. As neuregulin 1 (NRG1, or heregulin 1), a growth factor with versatile functions in the central nervous system, has demonstrated protective effects against ischemic brain injuries, we have generated NRG1-overexpressing AdMSCs in order to investigate whether NRG1-AdMSCs could enhance therapeutic benefits of AdMSCs in ischemic stroke. After AdMSCs were infected with adenoviral NRG1, increased NRG1 secretion in NRG1-AdMSCs was confirmed with ELISA. At 1 d after ischemic stroke that was induced by the occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCAo) for 60 min in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, adenoviral NRG1, AdMSCs, NRG1-AdMSCs, or PBS were injected into the striatum and serial neurologic examinations were performed. Administration of NRG1-AdMSCs resulted in significant improvement of functional outcome following stroke compared to AdMSCs- or adenoviral NRG1-treated group, in addition to the reduction in the infarct size evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. When NRG1 expression in the brain was examined by double immunofluorescence to human nuclei (HuNu)/NRG1 and ELISA, NRG1-AdMSCs demonstrated marked increase in NRG1 expression. Moreover, western blot analysis further showed that transplantation of NRG1-AdMSCs significantly increased both endogenous and adenoviral NRG1 expression compared to AdMSCs-treated group. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, NRG1-associated downstream molecules were evaluated by western blot analysis. Expression of ErbB4, a receptor for NRG1, was markedly increased by NRG1-AdMSCs administration, in addition to pMAPK and pAkt, crucial molecules of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that NRG1-AdMSCs can provide excellent therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke by activating NRG1-ErbB4 signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheong A. Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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26
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Nagasaka M, Ou SHI. Neuregulin 1 Fusion–Positive NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1354-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Xu C, Park JK, Zhang J. Evidence that alternative transcriptional initiation is largely nonadaptive. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000197. [PMID: 30883542 PMCID: PMC6438578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative transcriptional initiation (ATI) refers to the frequent observation that one gene has multiple transcription start sites (TSSs). Although this phenomenon is thought to be adaptive, the specific advantage is rarely known. Here, we propose that each gene has one optimal TSS and that ATI arises primarily from imprecise transcriptional initiation that could be deleterious. This error hypothesis predicts that (i) the TSS diversity of a gene reduces with its expression level; (ii) the fractional use of the major TSS increases, but that of each minor TSS decreases, with the gene expression level; and (iii) cis-elements for major TSSs are selectively constrained, while those for minor TSSs are not. By contrast, the adaptive hypothesis does not make these predictions a priori. Our analysis of human and mouse transcriptomes confirms each of the three predictions. These and other findings strongly suggest that ATI predominantly results from molecular errors, requiring a major revision of our understanding of the precision and regulation of transcription. The transcription of a gene may start from one of several transcription start sites, a phenomenon known as alternative transcriptional initiation. Contrary to common belief, this study shows that variation of the transcription start site of a given gene is nonadaptive and is largely attributable to transcriptional initiation error that is typically deleterious. Multiple surveys of transcriptional initiation showed that mammalian genes typically have multiple transcription start sites such that transcription is initiated from any one of these sites. Many researchers believe that this phenomenon is adaptive because it allows production of multiple transcripts, from the same gene, that potentially vary in function or post-transcriptional regulation. Nevertheless, it is also possible that each gene has only one optimal transcription start site and that alternative transcriptional initiation arises primarily from molecular errors that are slightly deleterious. This error hypothesis makes a series of predictions about the amount of transcription start site diversity per gene, relative uses of the various start sites of a gene, among-tissue and across-species differences in start site usage, and the evolutionary conservation of cis-regulatory elements of various start sites, all of which are verified in our analyses of genome-wide transcription start site data from the human and mouse. These findings strongly suggest that alternative transcriptional initiation largely reflects molecular errors instead of molecular adaptations and require a rethink of the precision and regulation of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joong-Ki Park
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianzhi Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Wang T, Liu Y, Liu Q, Cummins S, Zhao M. Integrative proteomic analysis reveals potential high-frequency alternative open reading frame-encoded peptides in human colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2018; 215:182-189. [PMID: 30419281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of alternative open reading frame-encoded peptides (AEPs) for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer at the proteome level is largely unexplored because of a lack of comprehensive proteomics data. Here, we performed a comprehensive integrative analysis of mass spectral data published by Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium and characterized 93 high-confident AEPs encoded within 75 genes. There are four cancer-related genes appeared to have AEPs identified frequently in >20 out of 95 colorectal cancer samples, including ABCF2, AR, RBM10 and NRG1. Further network analysis of the identified AEPs found the enrichment of novel AEPs within hormone androgen receptor and a highly-modularised network with 42 genes associated with patient survival. Our results not only suggested a mechanistic view of how AEPs work in cancer progression, but also shed light on somatic amino acid mutations in AEPs, which might be overlooked previously because of their low frequencies. In particular, potential high-frequency mutations in 77 samples associated with EDARADD may contribute to the discovery of new biomarkers and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
| | - Yining Liu
- The School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Quantitative Sciences, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Scott Cummins
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
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29
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Rahman A, Weber J, Labin E, Lai C, Prieto AL. Developmental expression of Neuregulin‐3 in the rat central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:797-817. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afrida Rahman
- Departmentof Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana University Bloomington Indiana
| | - Janet Weber
- Department NeuroscienceUniversity of California San Diego San Diego California
| | - Edward Labin
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis
| | - Cary Lai
- Departmentof Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana University Bloomington Indiana
| | - Anne L Prieto
- Departmentof Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana University Bloomington Indiana
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30
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Cespedes JC, Liu M, Harbuzariu A, Nti A, Onyekaba J, Cespedes HW, Bharti PK, Solomon W, Anyaoha P, Krishna S, Adjei A, Botchway F, Ford B, Stiles JK. Neuregulin in Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BRAIN DISORDERS AND TREATMENT 2018; 4:024. [PMID: 31032468 PMCID: PMC6483402 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5866/1410024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cespedes
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - Adriana Harbuzariu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - Annette Nti
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - John Onyekaba
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - Hanna Watson Cespedes
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Wesley Solomon
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - Precious Anyaoha
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, India
| | - Andrew Adjei
- Department of Pathology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana
| | - Felix Botchway
- Department of Pathology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana
| | - Byron Ford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jonathan K Stiles
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, USA
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31
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Olaya JC, Heusner CL, Matsumoto M, Shannon Weickert C, Karl T. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviours of female mice overexpressing neuregulin 1 type III. Behav Brain Res 2018; 353:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Altered hippocampal gene expression and structure in transgenic mice overexpressing neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) type I. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:229. [PMID: 30348978 PMCID: PMC6197224 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing the type I isoform of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1; NRG1) have alterations in hippocampal gamma oscillations and an age-emergent deficit in hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. Here, we examined the molecular and morphological correlates of these findings. Microarrays showed over 100 hippocampal transcripts differentially expressed in Nrg1tg-type I mice, with enrichment of genes related to neuromodulation and, in older mice, of genes involved in inflammation and immunity. Nrg1tg-type I mice had an enlarged hippocampus with a widened dentate gyrus. The results show that Nrg1 type I impacts on hippocampal gene expression and structure in a multifaceted and partly age-related way, complementing the evidence implicating Nrg1 signaling in aspects of hippocampal function. The findings are also relevant to the possible role of NRG1 signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or other disorders affecting this brain region.
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33
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Olaya JC, Heusner CL, Matsumoto M, Sinclair D, Kondo MA, Karl T, Shannon Weickert C. Overexpression of Neuregulin 1 Type III Confers Hippocampal mRNA Alterations and Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Mice. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:865-875. [PMID: 28981869 PMCID: PMC6007747 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a schizophrenia candidate gene whose protein product is involved in neuronal migration, survival, and synaptic plasticity via production of specific isoforms. Importantly, NRG1 type III (NRG1 III) mRNA is increased in humans inheriting a schizophrenia risk haplotype for the NRG1 gene (HapICE), and NRG1 protein levels can be elevated in schizophrenia. The nature by which NRG1 type III overexpression results in schizophrenia-like behavior and brain pathology remains unclear, therefore we constructed a transgenic mouse with Nrg1 III overexpression in forebrain neurons (CamKII kinase+). Here, we demonstrate construct validity for this mouse model, as juvenile and adult Nrg1 III transgenic mice exhibit an overexpression of Nrg1 III mRNA and Nrg1 protein in multiple brain regions. Furthermore, Nrg1 III transgenic mice have face validity as they exhibit schizophrenia-relevant behavioral phenotypes including deficits in social preference, impaired fear-associated memory, and reduced prepulse inhibition. Additionally, microarray assay of hippocampal mRNA uncovered transcriptional alterations downstream of Nrg1 III overexpression, including changes in serotonin receptor 2C and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Transgenic mice did not exhibit other schizophrenia-relevant behaviors including hyperactivity, social withdrawal, or an increased vulnerability to the effects of MK-801 malate. Our results indicate that this novel Nrg1 III mouse is valid for modeling potential pathological mechanisms of some schizophrenia-like behaviors, for determining what other neurobiological changes may be downstream of elevated NRG1 III levels and for preclinically testing therapeutic strategies that may be specifically efficacious in patients with the NRG1 (HapICE) risk genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Olaya
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Duncan Sinclair
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mari A Kondo
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; tel: +61-2-9399-1117, fax: +61-2-9399-1005, e-mail:
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34
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Bardales JA, Wieser E, Kawaji H, Murakawa Y, Darzacq X. Selective Activation of Alternative MYC Core Promoters by Wnt-Responsive Enhancers. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060270. [PMID: 29882899 PMCID: PMC6027352 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Metazoans, transcription of most genes is driven by the use of multiple alternative promoters. Although the precise regulation of alternative promoters is important for proper gene expression, the mechanisms that mediates their differential utilization remains unclear. Here, we investigate how the two alternative promoters (P1, P2) that drive MYC expression are regulated. We find that P1 and P2 can be differentially regulated across cell-types and that their selective usage is largely mediated by distal regulatory sequences. Moreover, we show that in colon carcinoma cells, Wnt-responsive enhancers preferentially upregulate transcription from the P1 promoter using reporter assays and in the context of the endogenous Wnt induction. In addition, multiple enhancer deletions using CRISPR/Cas9 corroborate the regulatory specificity of P1. Finally, we show that preferential activation between Wnt-responsive enhancers and the P1 promoter is influenced by the distinct core promoter elements that are present in the MYC promoters. Taken together, our results provide new insight into how enhancers can specifically target alternative promoters and suggest that formation of these selective interactions could allow more precise combinatorial regulation of transcription initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Bardales
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Evin Wieser
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Avramopoulos D. Neuregulin 3 and its roles in schizophrenia risk and presentation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:257-266. [PMID: 28556469 PMCID: PMC5735014 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins, a four-member family of epidermal growth factor-like signaling molecules, have been studied for over two decades. They were first implicated in schizophrenia in 2002 with the detection of linkage and association at the NRG1 locus followed after a few years by NRG3. However, the associations with disease have not been very consistently observed. In contrast, association of NGR3 variants with disease presentation, specifically the presence of delusions, has been more consistent. This appears to be mediated by quantitative changes in the alternative splicing of the gene, which has also been consistently observed. Additional diseases and phenotypes, psychiatric or not, have also been connected with NRG3. These results demonstrate two important aspects of behavioral genetics research. The first is that if we only consider simple risk and fail to examine the details of each patient's individual phenotype, we will miss important insights on the disease biology. This is an important aspect of the goals of precision medicine. The second is that the functional consequences of variants are often more complex than simple alterations in levels of transcription of a particular gene, including, among others, regulation of alternative splicing. To accurately model and understand the biological consequences of phenotype-associated genetic variants, we need to study the biological consequences of each specific variant. Simply studying the consequences of a null allele of the orthologous gene in a model system, runs the risk of missing the many nuances of hypomorphic and/or gain of function variants in the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 733 North Broadway - MRB room 507, Baltimore MD 21205
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36
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Abe H, Aoya D, Takeuchi HA, Inoue-Murayama M. Gene expression patterns of chicken neuregulin 3 in association with copy number variation and frameshift deletion. BMC Genet 2017; 18:69. [PMID: 28732471 PMCID: PMC5521077 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) plays a key role in central nervous system development and is a strong candidate for human mental disorders. Thus, genetic variation in NRG3 may have some impact on a variety of phenotypes in non-mammalian vertebrates. Recently, genome-wide screening for short insertions and deletions in chicken (Gallus gallus) genomes has provided useful information about structural variation in functionally important genes. NRG3 is one such gene that has a putative frameshift deletion in exon 2, resulting in premature termination of translation. Our aims were to characterize the structure of chicken NRG3 and to compare expression patterns between NRG3 isoforms. Results Depending on the presence or absence of the 2-bp deletion in chicken NRG3, 3 breeds (red junglefowl [RJF], Boris Brown [BB], and Hinai-jidori [HJ]) were genotyped using flanking primers. In the commercial breeds (BB and HJ), approximately 45% of individuals had at least one exon 2 allele with the 2-bp deletion, whereas there was no deletion allele in RJF. The lack of a homozygous mutant indicated the existence of duplicated NRG3 segments in the chicken genome. Indeed, highly conserved elements consisting of exon 1, intron 1, exon 2, and part of intron 2 were found in the reference RJF genome, and quantitative PCR detected copy number variation (CNV) between breeds as well as between individuals. The copy number of conserved elements was significantly higher in chicks harboring the 2-bp deletion in exon 2. We identified 7 novel transcript variants using total mRNA isolated from the amygdala. Novel isoforms were found to lack the exon 2 cassette, which probably harbored the premature termination codon. The relative transcription levels of the newly identified isoforms were almost the same between chick groups with and without the 2-bp deletion, while chicks with the deletion showed significant suppression of the expression of previously reported isoforms. Conclusions A putative frameshift deletion and CNV in chicken NRG3 are structural mutations that occurred before the establishment of commercial chicken lines. Our results further suggest that the putative frameshift deletion in exon 2 may potentially affect the expression level of particular isoforms of chicken NRG3. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0537-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Abe
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan.
| | - Daiki Aoya
- Akita Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, 13-3 Kaisonumayachi, Jinguji, Daisen, Akita, 019-1701, Japan
| | - Hiro-Aki Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan.,Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Vacik T, Raska I. Alternative intronic promoters in development and disease. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1201-1206. [PMID: 28078440 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20,000 mammalian genes are estimated to encode between 250 thousand and 1 million different proteins. This enormous diversity of the mammalian proteome is caused by the ability of a single-gene locus to encode multiple protein isoforms. Protein isoforms encoded by one gene locus can be functionally distinct, and they can even have antagonistic functions. One of the mechanisms involved in creating this proteome complexity is alternative promoter usage. Alternative intronic promoters are located downstream from their canonical counterparts and drive the expression of alternative RNA isoforms that lack upstream exons. These upstream exons can encode some important functional domains, and proteins encoded by alternative mRNA isoforms can be thus functionally distinct from the full-length protein encoded by canonical mRNA isoforms. Since any misbalance of functionally distinct protein isoforms is likely to have detrimental consequences for the cell and the whole organism, their expression must be precisely regulated. Misregulation of alternative intronic promoters is frequently associated with various developmental defects and diseases including cancer, and it is becoming increasingly clear that this phenomenon deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vacik
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Raska
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, Praha 2, Czech Republic
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38
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Structural Similarities between Neuregulin 1-3 Isoforms Determine Their Subcellular Distribution and Signaling Mode in Central Neurons. J Neurosci 2017; 37:5232-5249. [PMID: 28432142 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2630-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuregulin (NRG) family of ErbB ligands is comprised of numerous variants originating from the use of different genes, alternative promoters, and splice variants. NRGs have generally been thought to be transported to axons and presynaptic terminals where they signal via ErbB3/4 receptors in paracrine or juxtacrine mode. However, we recently demonstrated that unprocessed pro-NRG2 accumulates on cell bodies and proximal dendrites, and that NMDAR activity is required for shedding of its ectodomain by metalloproteinases. Here we systematically investigated the subcellular distribution and processing of major NRG isoforms in rat hippocampal neurons. We show that NRG1 isotypes I and II, which like NRG2 are single-pass transmembrane proteins with an Ig-like domain, share the same subcellular distribution and ectodomain shedding properties. We furthermore show that NRG3, like CRD-NRG1, is a dual-pass transmembrane protein that harbors a second transmembrane domain near its amino terminus. Both NRG3 and CRD-NRG1 cluster on axons through juxtacrine interactions with ErbB4 present on GABAergic interneurons. Interestingly, although single-pass NRGs accumulate as unprocessed proforms, axonal puncta of CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 are comprised of processed protein. Mutations of CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 that render them resistant to BACE cleavage, as well as BACE inhibition, result in the loss of axonal puncta and in the accumulation of unprocessed proforms in neuronal soma. Together, these results define two groups of NRGs with distinct membrane topologies and fundamentally different targeting and processing properties in central neurons. The implications of this functional diversity for the regulation of neuronal processes by the NRG/ErbB pathway are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Numerous Neuregulins (NRGs) are generated through the use of different genes, promoters, and alternative splicing, but the functional significance of this evolutionary conserved diversity remains poorly understood. Here we show that NRGs can be categorized by their membrane topologies. Single-pass NRGs, such as NRG1 Types I/II and NRG2, accumulate as unprocessed proforms on cell bodies, and their ectodomains are shed by metalloproteinases in response to NMDA receptor activation. By contrast, dual-pass CRD-NRG1 and NRG3 are constitutively processed by BACE and accumulate on axons where they interact with ErbB4 in juxtacrine mode. These findings reveal a previously unknown functional relationship between membrane topology, protein processing, and subcellular distribution, and suggest that single- and dual-pass NRGs regulate neuronal functions in fundamentally different ways.
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39
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Iwakura Y, Wang R, Inamura N, Araki K, Higashiyama S, Takei N, Nawa H. Glutamate-dependent ectodomain shedding of neuregulin-1 type II precursors in rat forebrain neurons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174780. [PMID: 28350885 PMCID: PMC5370147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic factor neuregulin 1 (NRG1) regulates neuronal development, glial differentiation, and excitatory synapse maturation. NRG1 is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor and is then liberated by proteolytic processing or exocytosis. Mature NRG1 then binds to its receptors expressed by neighboring neurons or glial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern this process in the nervous system are not defined in detail. Here we prepared neuron-enriched and glia-enriched cultures from embryonic rat neocortex to investigate the role of neurotransmitters that regulate the liberation/release of NRG1 from the membrane of neurons or glial cells. Using a two-site enzyme immunoassay to detect soluble NRG1, we show that, of various neurotransmitters, glutamate was the most potent inducer of NRG1 release in neuron-enriched cultures. NRG1 release in glia-enriched cultures was relatively limited. Furthermore, among glutamate receptor agonists, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) and kainate (KA), but not AMPA or tACPD, mimicked the effects of glutamate. Similar findings were acquired from analysis of the hippocampus of rats with KA-induced seizures. To evaluate the contribution of members of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) families to NRG1 release, we transfected primary cultures of neurons with cDNA vectors encoding NRG1 types I, II, or III precursors, each tagged with the alkaline phosphatase reporter. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity revealed that the NRG1 type II precursor was subjected to tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) / a Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) -dependent ectodomain shedding in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. These results suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission positively regulates the ectodomain shedding of NRG1 type II precursors and liberates the active NRG1 domain in an activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoko Inamura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Araki
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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40
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Ikawa D, Makinodan M, Iwata K, Ohgidani M, Kato TA, Yamashita Y, Yamamuro K, Kimoto S, Toritsuka M, Yamauchi T, Fukami SI, Yoshino H, Okumura K, Tanaka T, Wanaka A, Owada Y, Tsujii M, Sugiyama T, Tsuchiya K, Mori N, Hashimoto R, Matsuzaki H, Kanba S, Kishimoto T. Microglia-derived neuregulin expression in psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:375-385. [PMID: 28089559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that neuregulins (NRGs) are involved in brain function and psychiatric disorders. While NRGs have been regarded as neuron- or astrocyte-derived molecules, our research has revealed that microglia also express NRGs, levels of which are markedly increased in activated microglia. Previous studies have indicated that microglia are activated in the brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, we investigated microglial NRG mRNA expression in multiple lines of mice considered models of ASD. Intriguingly, microglial NRG expression significantly increased in BTBR and socially-isolated mice, while maternal immune activation (MIA) mice exhibited identical NRG expression to controls. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between NRG expression in microglia and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in mice, suggesting that NRG expression in human PBMCs may mirror microglia-derived NRG expression in the human brain. To translate these findings for application in clinical psychiatry, we measured levels of NRG1 splice-variant expression in clinically available PBMCs of patients with ASD. Levels of NRG1 type III expression in PBMCs were positively correlated with impairments in social interaction in children with ASD (as assessed using the Autistic Diagnostic Interview-Revised test: ADI-R). These findings suggest that immune cell-derived NRGs may be implicated in the pathobiology of psychiatric disorders such as ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan.
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Development of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Michihiro Toritsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okumura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Japan; Department of Development of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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41
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Ebbing EA, Medema JP, Damhofer H, Meijer SL, Krishnadath KK, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. ADAM10-mediated release of heregulin confers resistance to trastuzumab by activating HER3. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10243-54. [PMID: 26863569 PMCID: PMC4891117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases of the HER-family are involved in the development and progression of multiple epithelial tumors, and have consequently become widely used targets for new anti-cancer therapies. Trastuzumab, an antibody against HER2, has shown potent growth inhibitory effects on HER2 overexpressing tumors, including gastro-esophageal cancer, however, resistance to this therapy is inevitable. Unfortunately, a paucity of data on the cellular mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapeutic agents exists in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Using primary established HER2-overexpressing cultures and patient-derived xenograft models, we now reveal a novel resistance mechanism to trastuzumab in esophageal cancer: In response to trastuzumab, both HER3 and the metalloprotease ADAM10 are simultaneously upregulated. The proteolytic activity of the latter then releases the HER3 ligand heregulin from the cell surface to activate HER3 and confer resistance to trastuzumab by inducing compensatory growth factor receptor signaling. Blocking either HER3 or ADAM10 effectively reverts the acquired resistance to trastuzumab. Our data thus provide strategies to inhibit this signaling and circumvent resistance to trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A Ebbing
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Damhofer
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu H, Sangkum L, Liu G, Green M, Li M, Kaye A. Effects of epinephrine on angiogenesis-related gene expressions in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:380-385. [PMID: 27845301 PMCID: PMC5044710 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20160024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine is often used for the treatment of patients with heart failure, low cardiac output and cardiac arrest. It can acutely improve hemodynamic parameters; however, it does not seem to improve longer term clinical outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that epinephrine may induce unfavorable changes in gene expression of cardiomyocyte. Thus, we investigated effects of epinephrine exposure on the mediation or modulation of gene expression of cultured cardiomyocytes at a genome-wide scale. Our investigation revealed that exposure of cardiomyocytes to epinephrine in an in vitro environment can up-regulate the expression of angiopoietin-2 gene (+2.1 times), and down-regulate the gene expression of neuregulin 1 (−3.7 times), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (−2.4 times) and SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein-2 (−4.5 times). These changes suggest that epinephrine exposure may induce inhibition of angiogenesis-related gene expressions in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. The precise clinical significance of these changes in gene expression, which was induced by epinephrine exposure, warrants further experimental and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA;
| | - Lisa Sangkum
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Marilyn Li
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Dept. of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alan Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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He BS, Zhang LY, Pan YQ, Lin K, Zhang LL, Sun HL, Gao TY, Su TQ, Wang SK, Zhu CB. Association of the DISC1 and NRG1 genetic polymorphisms with schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Gene 2016; 590:293-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Michenet A, Barbat M, Saintilan R, Venot E, Phocas F. Detection of quantitative trait loci for maternal traits using high-density genotypes of Blonde d'Aquitaine beef cattle. BMC Genet 2016; 17:88. [PMID: 27328805 PMCID: PMC4915167 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic determinism of the calving and suckling performance of beef cows is little known whereas these maternal traits are of major economic importance in beef cattle production systems. This paper aims to identify QTL regions and candidate genes that affect maternal performance traits in the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed. Three calving performance traits were studied: the maternal effect on calving score from field data, the calving score and pelvic opening recorded in station for primiparous cows. Three other traits related to suckling performance were also analysed: the maternal effect on weaning weight from field data, milk yield and the udder swelling score recorded in station for primiparous cows. A total of 2,505 animals were genotyped from various chip densities and imputed in high density chips for 706,791 SNP. The number of genotyped animals with phenotypes ranged from 1,151 to 2,284, depending on the trait considered. Results QTL detections were performed using a Bayes C approach. Evidence for a QTL was based on Bayes Factor values. Putative candidate genes were proposed for the QTL with major evidence for one of the six traits and for the QTL shared by at least two of the three traits underlying either calving or suckling performance. Nine candidate genes were proposed for calving performance among the nine highlighted QTL regions. The neuroregulin gene on chromosome 27 was notably identified as a very likely candidate gene for maternal calving performance. As for suckling abilities, seven candidate genes were identified among the 15 highlighted QTL. In particular, the Group-Specific Component gene on chromosome 6, which encodes vitamin D binding protein, is likely to have a major effect on maternal weaning weight in the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed. This gene had already been linked to milk production and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Conclusion In the near future, these QTL findings and the preliminary proposals of candidate genes which act on the maternal performance of beef cows should help to identify putative causal mutations based on sequence data from different cattle breeds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0397-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Michenet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France. .,AURIVA, Les Nauzes, Soual, 81580, France.
| | - Marine Barbat
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Romain Saintilan
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Eric Venot
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Florence Phocas
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
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45
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Douet V, Chang L, Lee K, Ernst T. ERBB4 polymorphism and family history of psychiatric disorders on age-related cortical changes in healthy children. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 9:128-40. [PMID: 25744101 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in ERBB4 were associated with increased susceptibility for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorders (BPD). Structural imaging studies showed cortical abnormalities in adolescents and adults with SCZ or BPD. However, less is known about subclinical cortical changes or the influence of ERBB4 on cortical development. 971 healthy children (ages 3-20 years old; 462 girls and 509 boys) were genotyped for the ERBB4-rs7598440 variants, had structural MRI, and cognitive evaluation (NIH Toolbox ®). We investigated the effects of ERBB4 variants and family history of SCZ and/or BPD (FH) on cortical measures and cognitive performances across ages 3-20 years using a general additive model. Variations in ERBB4 and FH impact differentially the age-related cortical changes in regions often affected by SCZ and BPD. The ERBB4-TT-risk genotype children with no FH had subtle cortical changes across the age span, primarily located in the left temporal lobe and superior parietal cortex. In contrast, the TT-risk genotype children with FH had more pronounced age-related changes, mainly in the frontal lobes compared to the non-risk genotype children. Interactive effects of age, FH and ERBB4 variations were also found on episodic memory and working memory, which are often impaired in SCZ and BPD. Healthy children carrying the risk-genotype in ERBB4 and/or with FH had cortical measures resembling those reported in SCZ or BPD. These subclinical cortical variations may provide early indicators for increased risk of psychiatric disorders and improve our understanding of the effect of the NRG1-ERBB4 pathway on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Douet
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and The Queen's Medical Center, 1356 Lusitana Street, UH Tower, Room 716, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA,
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Kato T, Abe Y, Hirokawa S, Iwakura Y, Mizuno M, Namba H, Nawa H. Neurobehavioral Differences Between Mice Receiving Distinct Neuregulin Variants as Neonates; Impact on Sensitivity to MK-801. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:222-36. [PMID: 25817857 PMCID: PMC4475761 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150330143300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is a well-recognized risk gene for schizophrenia and is often implicated in the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of this illness. Alternative splicing and proteolytic processing of the NRG1 gene produce more than 30 structural variants; however, the neuropathological roles of individual variants remain to be characterized. On the basis of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, we administered eNRG1 (0.1~1.0 μg/g), a core epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domain common for all splicing NRG1 variants, to neonatal mice and compared their behavioral performance with mice challenged with a full mature form of type 1 NRG1 variant. During the neonatal stage, recombinant eNRG1 protein administrated from the periphery passed the blood-brain barrier and activated its receptor (ErbB4) in the brain. In adults, the mice receiving the highest dose exhibited lower locomotor activity and deficits in prepulse inhibition and tonedependent fear learning, although the hearing reduction of the eNRG1-treated mice may explain these behavioral deficits. Neonatal eNRG1 treatment also significantly potentiated MK-801-driven locomotor activity in an eNRG1 dose-dependent manner. In parallel eNRG1 treatment enhanced MK-801-driven c-Fos induction and decreased immunoreactivity for NMDA receptor subunits in adult brain. In contrast, mice that had been treated with the same molar dose of a full mature form of type 1 NRG1 as neonates did not exhibit hypersensitivity to MK-801. However, both animal models exhibited similar hypersensitivity to methamphetamine. Collectively, our findings suggest that aberrant peripheral NRG1 signals during neurodevelopment alter later behavioral traits and auditory functions in the NRG1 subtype-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
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Hu X, Fan Q, Hou H, Yan R. Neurological dysfunctions associated with altered BACE1-dependent Neuregulin-1 signaling. J Neurochem 2016; 136:234-49. [PMID: 26465092 PMCID: PMC4833723 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of BACE1 is being pursued as a therapeutic target to treat patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease because BACE1 is the sole β-secretase that generates β-amyloid peptide. Knowledge regarding other cellular functions of BACE1 is therefore critical for the safe use of BACE1 inhibitors in human patients. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) is a BACE1 substrate and BACE1 cleavage of Nrg1 is critical for signaling functions in myelination, remyelination, synaptic plasticity, normal psychiatric behaviors, and maintenance of muscle spindles. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries associated with BACE1-dependent Nrg1 signaling in these areas. This body of knowledge will help to provide guidance for preventing unwanted Nrg1-based side effects following BACE1 inhibition in humans. To initiate its signaling cascade, membrane anchored Neuregulin (Nrg), mainly type I and III β1 Nrg1 isoforms and Nrg3, requires ectodomain shedding. BACE1 is one of such indispensable sheddases to release the functional Nrg signaling fragment. The dependence of Nrg on the cleavage by BACE1 is best manifested by disrupting the critical role of Nrg in the control of axonal myelination, schizophrenic behaviors as well as the formation and maintenance of muscle spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qingyuan Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Hailong Hou
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Guan YF, Wu CY, Fang YY, Zeng YN, Luo ZY, Li SJ, Li XW, Zhu XH, Mei L, Gao TM. Neuregulin 1 protects against ischemic brain injury via ErbB4 receptors by increasing GABAergic transmission. Neuroscience 2015; 307:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Deng C, Pan B, Hu CH, Han M, Huang XF. Differential effects of short- and long-term antipsychotic treatment on the expression of neuregulin-1 and ErbB4 receptors in the rat brain. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:347-54. [PMID: 25576368 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and ErbB4 genes have been identified as candidate genes for schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies indicated that NRG1-ErbB4 signalling is impaired in schizophrenia subjects. This study investigated whether short- or long-term antipsychotic treatment has different effects on the expression of NRG1 and ErbB4 receptors. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with either aripiprazole (0.75 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), olanzapine (0.5 mg/kg), or vehicle, 3 times/day for 1 or 12 weeks. Western blotting was performed to examine the expression of NRG1 isoforms (135 kDa, 70 kDa and 40 kDa) and ErbB4 receptors. Both 1-week haloperidol and olanzapine treatment increased NRG1-70kDa expression in the hippocampus; haloperidol also up-regulated ErbB4 levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the 12-week group, aripiprazole decreased the expression of all three NRG1 isoforms and ErbB4 receptors in the PFC, NRG1-70 kDa and -40 kDa in the cingulate cortex (Cg), and NRG1-135 kDa, -70 kDa and ErbB4 receptors in the hippocampus; haloperidol reduced NRG1-135 kDa in the PFC, NRG1-40 kDa in all three brain regions, and ErbB4 receptor levels in the PFC and hippocampus; NRG1-40 kDa in the PFC and Cg was also down-regulated by olanzapine. These results suggest that the time-dependent and region-specific effects of antipsychotics on NRG1-ErbB4 signalling may contribute to the efficacy of antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bo Pan
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chang-Hua Hu
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Mei Han
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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50
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de Klerk E, 't Hoen PAC. Alternative mRNA transcription, processing, and translation: insights from RNA sequencing. Trends Genet 2015; 31:128-39. [PMID: 25648499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human transcriptome comprises >80,000 protein-coding transcripts and the estimated number of proteins synthesized from these transcripts is in the range of 250,000 to 1 million. These transcripts and proteins are encoded by less than 20,000 genes, suggesting extensive regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational level. Here we review how RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies have increased our understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to alternative transcripts and their alternative translation. We highlight four different regulatory processes: alternative transcription initiation, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and alternative translation initiation. We discuss their transcriptome-wide distribution, their impact on protein expression, their biological relevance, and the possible molecular mechanisms leading to their alternative regulation. We conclude with a discussion of the coordination and the interdependence of these four regulatory layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora de Klerk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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