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Martinu T, Todd JL, Gelman AE, Guerra S, Palmer SM. Club Cell Secretory Protein in Lung Disease: Emerging Concepts and Potential Therapeutics. Annu Rev Med 2023; 74:427-441. [PMID: 36450281 PMCID: PMC10472444 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Club cell secretory protein (CCSP), also known as secretoglobin 1A1 (gene name SCGB1A1), is one of the most abundant proteins in the lung, primarily produced by club cells of the distal airway epithelium. At baseline, CCSP is found in large concentrations in lung fluid specimens and can also be detected in the blood and urine. Obstructive lung diseases are generally associated with reduced CCSP levels, thought to be due to decreased CCSP production or club cell depletion. Conversely, several restrictive lung diseases have been found to have increased CCSP levels both in the lung and in the circulation, likely related to club cell dysregulation as well as increasedlung permeability. Recent studies demonstrate multiple mechanisms by which CCSP dampens acute and chronic lung inflammation. Given these anti-inflammatory effects, CCSP represents a novel potential therapeutic modality in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Martinu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Gribben KC, Wyss AB, Poole JA, Farazi PA, Wichman C, Richards-Barber M, Beane Freeman LE, Henneberger PK, Umbach DM, London SJ, LeVan TD, Gribben KC. CC16 polymorphisms in asthma, asthma subtypes, and asthma control in adults from the Agricultural Lung Health Study. Respir Res 2022; 23:305. [PMID: 36352422 PMCID: PMC9644514 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The club cell secretory protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and is a potential early biomarker of lung damage. The CC16 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3741240 risk allele (A) has been inconsistently linked to asthma; other tagging SNPs in the gene have not been explored. The aim was to determine whether CC16 tagging polymorphisms are associated with adult asthma, asthma subtypes or asthma control in the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS). METHODS The ALHS is an asthma case-control study nested in the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Asthma cases were individuals with current doctor diagnosed asthma, likely undiagnosed asthma, or asthma-COPD overlap defined by questionnaire. We also examined asthma subtypes and asthma control. Five CC16 tagging SNPs were imputed to 1000 Genomes Integrated phase 1 reference panel. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between CC16 SNPs and asthma outcomes adjusted for covariates. RESULTS The sample included 1120 asthma cases and 1926 controls of European ancestry, with a mean age of 63 years. The frequency of the risk genotype (AA) for rs3741240 was 12.5% (n = 382). CC16 rs3741240 was not associated with adult asthma outcomes. A tagging SNP in the CC16 gene, rs12270961 was associated with uncontrolled asthma (n = 208, ORadj= 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 1.9; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study, the largest study to investigate associations between CC16 tagging SNPs and asthma phenotypes in adults, did not confirm an association of rs3741240 with adult asthma. A tagging SNP in CC16 suggests a potential relationship with asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- KC Gribben
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - AB Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - JA Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - PA Farazi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - C Wichman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | | | - LE Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - PK Henneberger
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - DM Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - SJ London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - TD LeVan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - Kelli C. Gribben
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
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Mootz M, Jakwerth CA, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Zissler UM. Secretoglobins in the big picture of immunoregulation in airway diseases. Allergy 2022; 77:767-777. [PMID: 34343347 DOI: 10.1111/all.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of the secretoglobin (SCGB) family are expressed by secretory tissues of barrier organs. They are embedded in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory processes of airway diseases. This review particularly illustrates the immune regulation of SCGBs by cytokines and their implication in the pathophysiology of airway diseases. The biology of SCGBs is a complex topic of increasing importance, as they are highly abundant in the respiratory tract and can also be detected in malignant tissues and as elements of immune control. In addition, SCGBs react to cytokines, they are embedded in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and they are expressed in a manner dependent on cell maturation. The big picture of the SCGB family identifies these factors as critical elements of innate immune control at the epithelial barriers and highlights their potential for diagnostic assessment of epithelial activity. Some members of the SCGB family have so far only been superficially examined, but have high potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Mootz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM)TUM School of MedicineKlinikum Rechts der Isar Munich Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
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Li XX, Peng T, Gao J, Feng JG, Wu DD, Yang T, Zhong L, Fu WP, Sun C. Allele-specific expression identified rs2509956 as a novel long-distance cis-regulatory SNP for SCGB1A1, an important gene for multiple pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L456-L463. [PMID: 31322430 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00275.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SCGB1A1 (secretoglobin family 1A member 1) is an important protein for multiple pulmonary diseases, especially asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 5'-untranslated region of SCGB1A1, rs3741240, has been suggested to be associated with reduced protein expression and further asthma susceptibility. However, it was still unclear whether there were other cis-regulatory elements for SCGB1A1 that might further contribute to pulmonary diseases. Allele-specific expression (ASE) is a novel approach to identify the functional region in human genome. In the present study, we measured ASE on rs3741240 in lung tissues and observed a consistent excess of G allele over A (P < 10-6), which indicated that this SNP or the one(s) in linkage disequilibrium (LD) could regulate SCGB1A1 expression. By analyzing 1000 Genomes Project data for Chinese, one SNP locating ~10.2 kb away and downstream of SCGB1A1, rs2509956, was identified to be in strong LD with rs3741240. Reporter gene assay confirmed that both SNPs could regulate gene expression in the lung cell. By chromosome conformation capture, it was verified that the region surrounding rs2509956 could interact with SCGB1A1 promoter region and act as an enhancer. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and overexpression assay, the related transcription factor RELA (RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit) was recognized to bind the region spanning rs2509956. Our work identified a novel long-distance cis-regulatory SNP for SCGB1A1, which might contribute to multiple pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Gang Feng
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Fu
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Zhang W, Cui Q, Qu W, Ding X, Jiang D, Liu H. TRIM58/cg26157385 methylation is associated with eight prognostic genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:206-216. [PMID: 29749538 PMCID: PMC6059744 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the differentially expressed genes related to the tripartite motif containing 58 (TRIM58)/cg26157385 methylation sites, and consequently to provide theoretical basis for elucidating the influence of TRIM58/cg26157385 methylation on lung cancer prognosis. Methylation-sequencing information, mRNA expression profiling data and clinical data were downloaded from cBioPortal database to screen out candidate genes related to the methylation of TRIM58/cg26157385 in squamous cell lung carcinoma. The differentially expressed genes related to TRIM58 methylation were extracted form both training dataset and validation dataset. Cox regression analysis, risk scoring system construction, correlation analysis between the expression value of genes and clinical information were conducted to reveal TRIM58 methylation-related factors. Additionally, GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Based on their expression level and the corresponding survival information for 347 out of 370 samples with squamous cell lung carcinoma, 183 genes significantly associated with prognosis were gained, and the top 8 ones, including alpha-2-macroglobulin-like 1 (A2ML1), cyclin-E1 (CCNE1), COBL, establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (ESCO2), G protein-coupled receptor 115 (GPR115), matrix metalloproteinases 10 (MMP10), OVO homologue-like 1 (OVOL1) and secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1), were candidate signature genes significantly correlated with TRIM58 methylation. Furthermore, targeted therapy was significantly correlated with prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients were abnormal and the homeostasis was disturbed. Eight genes, including A2ML1, CCNE1, COBL, ESCO2, GPR115, MMP10, OVOL1 and SCGB1A1, were significantly related to TRIM58 methylation and treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma, and may be used as potential prognostic biomarkers. The present study would help to elucidate the influence of TRIM58/cg26157385 methylation on lung cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Qichen Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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6
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Yao YS, Chang WW, He LP, Jin YL, Li CP. An updated meta-analysis of transforming growth factor-β1 gene: Three well-characterized polymorphisms with asthma. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1291-1299. [PMID: 27717847 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between TGF-β1 polymorphisms and asthma risk has been widely reported, but results were controversial. We performed this meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses statement (PRISMA). Electronic database of Pub Med, Web of Science, CBM, and CNKI were searched for eligible articles published up to September, 2013. The effect summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Finally, a total of 20 articles were identified, 17 studies with 3694 cases and 5613 controls for C-509T polymorphism, 7 studies with 1109 cases and 1098 controls for T869C polymorphism and 5 studies with 849 cases and 829 controls for G915C polymorphism. For C-509T, significant associations with asthma were found in Asians (TT+TC vs. CC: P=0.004, OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.12-1.81, Pheterogeneity=0.001) and in Caucasians (P=0.05, OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.00-1.34, Pheterogeneity=0.36). With respect to T869C, a small significant association was observed in overall analysis of allele contrasts(C vs. T: OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.29, P=0.03) and homozygote comparison (CC vs. TT: OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.00-1.65, P=0.05), but no significant risks were found among Caucasian population and Asian population. For G915C polymorphism, no significant association with asthma risk was demonstrated in overall analysis and subgroup analyses according to ethnicity for all genetic models. This meta-analysis suggested that TGF-β1 C-509T and T869C polymorphisms may be risk factors for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shui Yao
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China; School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lian-Ping He
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Long Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Pin Li
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China; Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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7
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Rosas-Salazar C, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Reiss S, Wickersham N, Larkin EK, James KM, Miller EK, Anderson LJ, Hartert TV. Urine Club Cell 16-kDa Secretory Protein and Childhood Wheezing Illnesses After Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Infancy. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2015; 28:158-164. [PMID: 26421213 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2015.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are at an increased risk of developing childhood wheezing illnesses (including asthma), but it is not currently possible to predict those at risk for these long-term outcomes. The current objective was to examine whether urine levels of club cell 16-kDa secretory protein (CC16) at the time of an infant LRTI are associated with the development of childhood wheezing illnesses. Methods: Prospective study of 133 previously healthy infants enrolled during a healthcare visit for a LRTI and followed longitudinally for childhood wheezing illnesses. Urine levels of CC16 at the time of enrollment were measured after validating a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for serum. The outcome of interest was parental report of subsequent childhood wheeze (defined as ≥1 episode of wheezing following the initial LRTI) at the 1-year follow-up visit. Logistic regression was used for the main analysis. Results: The median (interquartile range) urine levels of CC16 (ng/mg of creatinine) at the time of an infant LRTI were 11.1 (7.7-20.1) for infants with subsequent childhood wheeze and 13.4 (8.3-61.1) for those without (p = 0.11). In the main multivariate analysis using a logarithmic transformation of the urine levels of CC16, a twofold increase in urine levels of CC16 was associated with ∼30% decreased odds (OR = 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.98], p = 0.04) of subsequent childhood wheeze after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions: An inverse association was found between urine levels of CC16 at the time of an infant LRTI and the odds of subsequent childhood wheeze. Urine CC16 may be a useful biomarker of the development of childhood wheezing illnesses after LRTIs in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sara Reiss
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nancy Wickersham
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emma K Larkin
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristina M James
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - E Kathryn Miller
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Côté O, Clark ME, Viel L, Labbé G, Seah SYK, Khan MA, Douda DN, Palaniyar N, Bienzle D. Secretoglobin 1A1 and 1A1A differentially regulate neutrophil reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis and extracellular trap formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96217. [PMID: 24777050 PMCID: PMC4002474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB 1A1) is a small protein mainly secreted by mucosal epithelial cells of the lungs and uterus. SCGB 1A1, also known as club (Clara) cell secretory protein, represents a major constituent of airway surface fluid. The protein has anti-inflammatory properties, and its concentration is reduced in equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and human asthma. RAO is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchoconstriction and neutrophilic inflammation. Direct effects of SCGB 1A1 on neutrophil functions are unknown. We have recently identified that the SCGB1A1 gene is triplicated in equids and gives rise to two distinct proteins. In this study we produced the endogenously expressed forms of SCGBs (SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A) as recombinant proteins, and analyzed their effects on reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation ex vivo. We further evaluated whether NETs are present in vivo in control and inflamed lungs. Our data show that SCGB 1A1A but not SCGB 1A1 increase neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytosis; and that both proteins markedly reduce neutrophil chemotaxis. SCGB 1A1A reduced chemotaxis significantly more than SCGB 1A1. NET formation was significantly reduced in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A. SCGB mRNA in bronchial biopsies, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, was lower in horses with RAO. NETs were present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with exacerbated RAO, but not in fluid from horses with RAO in remission or in challenged healthy horses. These findings indicate that SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A have overlapping and diverging functions. Considering disparities in the relative abundance of SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A in airway secretions of animals with RAO suggests that these functional differences may contribute to the pathogenesis of RAO and other neutrophilic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Côté
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Viel
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève Labbé
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Y. K. Seah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meraj A. Khan
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David N. Douda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Apolipoprotein E gene variants on the risk of end stage renal disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83367. [PMID: 24349494 PMCID: PMC3862680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a severe health concern over the world. Associations between apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of ESRD remained inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between apoE gene polymorphisms and ESRD susceptibility. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched to find relevant studies. Meta-analysis method was used synthesize the eligible studies. Results Sixteen pertinent case-control studies which included 3510 cases and 13924 controls were analyzed. A significant association was found between ε2 allele and the ESRD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.46, P < 0.0001; I2 = 18%, P for heterogeneity = 0.24). The ε2ε3, ε2ε4, ε3ε3, ε3ε4, ε4ε4, ε3 and ε4 were not associated with the susceptibility of ESRD. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there was a statistically significant association between ε2ε3 or ε2 allele and ESRD risk in East Asians (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.31–2.10, P < 0.0001; OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.31–2.01, P < 0.0001, respectively), but not in Caucasians. E2 carriers had higher plasma apoE (mean difference = 16.24 mg/L, 95% CI 7.76-24.73, P = 0.0002) than the (ε3 + ε4) carriers in patients with ESRD. The publication bias was not significant. Conclusion The ε2 allele of apoE gene might increase the risk of ESRD. E2 carriers expressed higher level of plasma apoE in patients with ESRD. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm these associations in the future.
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