1
|
Huang Y, Zhou W, Liu S, Zeng D, Zhou W. Association between polymorphisms and atopic dermatitis susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene 2024; 913:148397. [PMID: 38513928 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease that is closely linked to genetic factors. Previous studies have revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that been related to susceptibility to AD; however, the results are conflicting. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the associations of these polymorphisms and AD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were retrieved to identify eligible studies, with selected polymorphisms being reported in a minimum of three separate studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate study quality. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 were used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS After screening, 64 studies involving 13 genes (24 SNPs) were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Nine SNPs were positively correlated with AD susceptibility [filaggrin (FLG) R501X, FLG 2282del4, chromosome 11q13.5 rs7927894, interleukin (IL)-17A rs2275913, IL-18 -137 G/C, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) rs5743708, TLR2 A-16934 T, serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5) Asn368Ser, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) T874A] and one was negatively associated with AD susceptibility (IL-4 -1098 T/G). The 14 remaining SNPs were not significantly associated with AD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Nine SNPs that may be risk factors and one SNP that may be a protective factor for AD were identified, providing a reference for AD prediction, prevention, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Weikang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pontikas A, Antonatos C, Evangelou E, Vasilopoulos Y. Candidate Gene Association Studies in Atopic Dermatitis in Participants of European and Asian Ancestry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1456. [PMID: 37510360 PMCID: PMC10379179 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been extensively investigated for genetic associations utilizing both candidate gene approaches and genome-wide scans. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the available literature to determine the association of candidate genes in AD to gain additional insight into the etiopathogenesis of the disease. We systematically screened all studies that explored the association between polymorphisms and AD risks in cases of European and Asian ancestry and synthesized the available evidence through a random-effects meta-analysis. We identified 99 studies that met our inclusion/exclusion criteria that examined 17 candidate loci in Europeans and 14 candidate genes in Asians. We confirmed the significant associations between FLG variants in both European and Asian populations and AD risk, while synthesis of the available data revealed novel loci mapped to IL18 and TGFB1 genes in Europeans and IL12RB1 and MIF in Asians that have not yet been identified by genome-wide association studies. Our findings provide comprehensive evidence for AD risk loci in cases of both European and Asian ancestries, validating previous associations as well as revealing novel loci that could imply previously unexplored biological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Pontikas
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalabos Antonatos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Yiannis Vasilopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahmoud O, Yosipovitch G, Attia E. Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in the Diagnosis and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in the Arabic Population of the Middle East. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4675. [PMID: 37510789 PMCID: PMC10380694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects diverse ethnic groups with significant disparities in prevalence, disease progression, clinical outcomes, and access to care. There are limited data on AD in the Arabic population of the Middle East, yet there is a substantial economic and psychosocial burden of AD in this region with a large unmet need with regards to disease management that is critical to address. There is a trend of increasing prevalence of AD in the Arab Middle East; however, due to the large environmental, socioeconomic, and sociocultural heterogeneity of this region, prevalence varies greatly across and within countries. Similarly, clinical differences in disease presentations exist across the region, although data are limited. In this review, we will present clinical phenotypes of AD common in different regions of the Arab Middle East, and data on prevalence, genetic variations, and challenges of treatment. Further studies exploring molecular biomarkers, genetic polymorphisms, immune factors, and the microbiome of patients in the region will help to elucidate the mechanism behind ethnic differences in AD in this population as well as to understand susceptibilities and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mahmoud
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Enas Attia
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Dermatology, Ain Al Khaleej Hospital, Abu Dhabi 88206, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic inflammatory skin disease that disproportionately affects skin of color patients. African American, Asian, and Hispanic patients carry disproportionate disease burdens, with increased prevalence, disease severity, and health care utilization. AD has a unique clinical presentation in skin of color patients, often with greater extensor involvement, dyspigmentation, and papular and lichenified presentations. Erythema is also more difficult to appreciate and can result in an underappreciation of disease severity in skin of color patients. In this review, we highlight the important manifestations of AD across all skin types, including nuances in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Adawi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Hannah Cornman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Anusha Kambala
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Shanae Henry
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chiricozzi A, Maurelli M, Calabrese L, Peris K, Girolomoni G. Overview of Atopic Dermatitis in Different Ethnic Groups. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2701. [PMID: 37048783 PMCID: PMC10095524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence worldwide, including countries from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and in different ethnic groups. In recent years, more attention has been placed on the heterogeneity of AD associated with multiple factors, including a patient's ethnic background, resulting in an increasing body of clinical, genetic, epidemiologic, and immune-phenotypic evidence that delineates differences in AD among racial groups. Filaggrin (FLG) mutations, the strongest genetic risk factor for the development of AD, are detected in up to 50% of European and 27% of Asian AD patients, but very rarely in Africans. Th2 hyperactivation is a common attribute of all ethnic groups, though the Asian endotype of AD is also characterized by an increased Th17-mediated signal, whereas African Americans show a strong Th2/Th22 signature and an absence of Th1/Th17 skewing. In addition, the ethnic heterogeneity of AD may hold important therapeutic implications as a patient's genetic predisposition may affect treatment response and, thereby, a tailored strategy that better targets the dominant immunologic pathways in each ethnic subgroup may be envisaged. Nevertheless, white patients with AD represent the largest ethnicity enrolled and tested in clinical trials and the most treated in a real-world setting, limiting investigations about safety and efficacy across different ethnicities. The purpose of this review is to describe the heterogeneity in the pathophysiology of AD across ethnicities and its potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiricozzi
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Maurelli
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrese
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mazur M, Tomczak H, Łodyga M, Plagens-Rotman K, Merks P, Czarnecka-Operacz M. The Intestinal and Skin Microbiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Influence on the Course of the Disease: A Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050766. [PMID: 36900771 PMCID: PMC10001192 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract are responsible for our health. The microbiome is essential for the development of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Maintaining homeostasis is very important, but also extremely complicated. The gut microbiome is related to the skin microbiome. It can therefore be assumed that changes in the microbes inhabiting the skin are greatly influenced by the bacteria living in the intestines. Changes in the composition and function of microbes (dysbiosis in the skin and intestines) have recently been linked to changes in the immune response and the development of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). This review was compiled by collaborating Dermatologists specializing in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using PubMed and limited to relevant case reports and original papers on the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. The inclusion criterion was that the paper was published in a peer-reviewed journal in the last 10 years (2012-2022). No limitations on the language of the publication or the type of study were made. It has been shown that any rapid changes in the composition of the microflora may be associated with the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. Various studies have proven that the microbiome of many systems (including the intestines) may have a significant impact on the development of the inflammatory process within the skin in the course of AD. It has been shown that an early interaction between the microbiome and immune system may result in a noticeable delay in the onset of atopic diseases. It seems to be of high importance for physicians to understand the role of the microbiome in AD, not only from the pathophysiological standpoint but also in terms of the complex treatment that is required. Perhaps young children diagnosed with AD present specific characteristics of the intestinal microflora. This might be related to the early introduction of antibiotics and dietary manipulations in breastfeeding mothers in the early childhood of AD patients. It is most likely related to the abuse of antibiotics from the first days of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mazur
- College of Health, Beauty Care and Education in Poznań, 60-133 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Tomczak
- Central Microbiological Laboratory, H. Święcicki Clinical Hospital at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-366 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martha Łodyga
- Department of Medicine Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA
| | - Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology and Sexology Division of Gynecology, Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Merks
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-938 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czarnecka-Operacz
- Allergic and Occupational Skin Diseases Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Poznań, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barrier Impairment and Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Diseases: The Pediatric Perspective. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121165. [PMID: 34943362 PMCID: PMC8700706 DOI: 10.3390/children8121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a global burden. Although the patho-physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood, epithelial barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammatory response play a pivotal role. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by a loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and altered innate defence, underpins the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Epithelial barrier impairment may be a potential therapeutic target for new treatment strategies Up now, monoclonal antibodies and new molecules targeting specific pathways of the immune response have been developed, and others are under investigation, both for adult and paediatric populations, which are affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In children affected by severe asthma biologics targeting IgE, IL-5 and against IL-4 and IL-13 receptors are already available, and they have also been applied in CRSwNP. In severe AD Dupilumab, a biologic which inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13, the most important cytokines involved in inflammation response, has been approved for treatment of patients over 12 years. While a biological approach has already shown great efficacy on the treatment of severe atopic conditions, early intervention to restore epithelial barrier integrity, and function may prevent the inflammatory response and the development of the atopic march.
Collapse
|
8
|
Interleukin-31, a Potent Pruritus-Inducing Cytokine and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease and in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:111-127. [PMID: 33559859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Substantial new information has emerged supporting the fundamental role of the cytokine interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the genesis of chronic pruritus in a broad array of clinical conditions. These include inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria, to autoimmune conditions such as dermatomyositis and bullous pemphigoid, to the lymphoproliferative disorders of Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. IL-31 is produced in greatest quantity by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and upon release, interacts with a cascade of other cytokines and chemokines to lead to pruritus and to a proinflammatory environment, particularly within the skin. Antibodies which neutralize IL-31 or which block the IL-31 receptor may reduce or eliminate pruritus and may diminish the manifestations of chronic cutaneous conditions associated with elevated IL-31. The role of IL-31 in these various conditions will be reviewed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nomura T, Wu J, Kabashima K, Guttman-Yassky E. Endophenotypic Variations of Atopic Dermatitis by Age, Race, and Ethnicity. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:1840-1852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
10
|
Mestiri S, Zaaber I, Inoubli O, Abid N, Omrani A, Nejehi H, Marmouch H. Association of cytokine Th2 gene polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid diseases in Tunisian population. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:294-308. [PMID: 31900992 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are complex genetic diseases. Th2 cytokines act on the development of AITD. This study was conducted on Tunisian patients with AITD to investigate the association of Th2 cytokine gene polymorphisms and haplotype combination with GD or HT risk. A total of 156 controls, 160 patients with HT and 88 patients with GD were genotyped for IL-4 rs2243250, IL-5 rs2069812, IL-6 rs1800796 and IL-13 rs1800925 polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP. The AITD risk was assessed by a logistic regression analysis using the SNP stats statistical program. False-positive report probability (FPRP) was estimated to evaluate significant findings. IL-13 rs1800925 was associated with GD, after adjustment for age and gender, in codominant, dominant and allele genetic models (p = .0072; p = .0018; p = .012, respectively). Significant association of the IL-6 rs1800796C/G genotype with GD was also detected (p = .025). Furthermore, increased risk of HT was still found for IL-13 rs1800925T allele (p = .039, OR = 1.39) and for IL-4 rs2243250T/T genotype both in codominant (p = .033, OR = 2.59) and recessive (p = .011, OR = 2.73) models after adjustment for age and gender. Interestingly, haplotype analysis performed on the IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 genes revealed a high risk of HT with CTT haplotype (p = .008, OR = 2.12). However, the CCT haplotype is a protective factor (OR = 0.36). Patients carrying the CT haplotype with only one minor allele had a moderate risk of HT (OR = 1.56). The FPRP analysis showed that the association of IL-13 rs1800925 polymorphism with GD and HT and the association of CTT haplotype with HT were noteworthy. In conclusion, the IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to GD and HT in the Tunisian population. Furthermore, gene-gene interaction between the IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 significantly increases the risk of AITD. Further studies with larger numbers of individuals are needed to confirm the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Mestiri
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Zaaber
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Inoubli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Abid
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, Ariana-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abir Omrani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hana Nejehi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Marmouch
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba in Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gür Çetinkaya P, Şahiner ÜM. Childhood atopic dermatitis: current developments, treatment approaches, and future expectations. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:963-984. [PMID: 31408293 PMCID: PMC7018348 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1810-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder of childhood. Underlying factors that contribute to AD are impaired epithelial barrier, alterations in the lipid composition of the skin, immunological imbalance including increased Th2/Th1 ratio, proinflammatory cytokines, decreased T regulatory cells, genetic mutations, and epigenetic alterations. Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disease with a particularly complicated pathophysiology. Discoveries to date may be considered the tip of the iceberg, and the increasing number of studies in this field indicate that there are many points to be elucidated in AD pathophysiology. In this review, we aimed to illustrate the current understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in AD, to evaluate available treatment options with a focus on recently discovered therapeutic agents, and to determine the personal, familial, and economic burdens of the disease, which are frequently neglected issues in AD. Currently available therapies only provide transient solutions and cannot fully cure the disease. However, advances in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease have led to the production of new treatment options, while ongoing drug trials also have had promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Gür Çetinkaya
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümit Murat Şahiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bogari NM, Amin AA, Rayes HH, Abdelmotelb A, Al-Allaf FA, Dannoun A, Al-Amodi HS, Sedayo AA, Almalk H, Moulana A, Balkhair R, Jambi F, Madani F, Abutalib M, Taher MM, Bouazzaoui A, Aljohani A, Bogari MN, G K UR, Fawzy A, Alharbi KK, Ali Khan I. Whole exome sequencing detects novel variants in Saudi children diagnosed with eczema. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:27-33. [PMID: 31213409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis is well-known for the skin disease globally. In Saudi Arabia, exome sequencing studies have not been documented. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the disease causing mutations in children affected with eczema with exome sequencing in the Saudi population. METHODS We recruited randomly three sporadic cases of children diagnosed with eczema and simultaneously, three more cases were adopted for control samples. Exome sequencing was carried out by applying a pipeline that captures all the variants of concern related to the samples by using the Ion torrent. RESULTS In this study, we have documented 49 variants, among which 37 variants were confirmed through eczema children and remaining 30 variants through control children. However, from the analysis of the 6 samples, we have identified rs10192157 (1646C>T; Thr549Ile), rs2899642 (27C>G; Asn9Lys), chr1:152127950 (1625G>A; Gly542Asp) and chr1:152128041 (1534C>G; Gly512Arg) variants which are rarely linked to the disease eczema. In the rs10192157, we have documented these mutations in all three eczema children and one in the control; the rs2899642 mutation appeared in only a couple of eczema children, whereas the mutation in the chr1:152127950 regions appeared in only one eczema patient. However, the chr1:152128041 mutations appeared in only one case of eczema and also in two control children. CONCLUSION Our study revealed four mutations which had not previously been connected with eczema within the database. However, the rs10192157 and rs2899642 mutations were documented with asthma disease. The remaining mutations such as chr1:152127950 and chr1:152128041 have not been reported anywhere else. This study recommends screening these 4 mutations in eczema cases and their relevant controls to confirm the prevalence in the Saudi population. It is recommended that future studies examine the 4 mutations in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda M Bogari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amr A Amin
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medicine, AinShams University, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Abdelmotelb
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanat University, Egypt.
| | - Faisal A Al-Allaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anas Dannoun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hiba S Al-Amodi
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hilal Almalk
- Maternity Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amna Moulana
- Maternity Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Fatma Jambi
- Maternity Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Mohiuddin M Taher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ashwag Aljohani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Ahmed Fawzy
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Researches, Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, Egypt.
| | - Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box-10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box-10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marbach-Breitrück E, Kalledat A, Heydeck D, Stehling S, Fluhr JW, Zuberbier T, Kuhn H. Atopic Patients Show Increased Interleukin 4 Plasma Levels but the Degree of Elevation Is Not Sufficient to Upregulate Interleukin-4-Sensitive Genes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:192-200. [PMID: 31096247 DOI: 10.1159/000499431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic diseases constitute a major health challenge for industrialized countries, and elevated levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) frequently characterize these disorders. Previous in vitroanalyses have indicated that IL-4 strongly upregulates the expression of IL-4-sensitive genes in human monocytes. OBJECTIVE To explore whether similar expression alterations may contribute to the pathomechanisms of atopic diseases in vivo we carried out a small-scale case-control clinical study (n = 43), in which we quantified the plasma levels of IgE and IL-4 as well as the expression of selected IL-4-sensitive genes in blood leukocytes. METHODS 34 allergic patients suffering from allergic rhinitis (n = 11), atopic eczema (n = 11) and allergic asthma (n = 12) as well as 9 healthy control individuals were recruited. IgE and IL-4 plasma levels were determined by ELISA, and the expression of selected IL-4-sensitive gene products in blood leukocytes was quantified by qRT-PCR. In addition, the fatty acid oxygenase activity of isolated monocytes was measured by RP-HPLC analysis of the arachidonic acid oxygenation products (ex vivo activity assays). RESULTS We found that plasma levels of IgE and IL-4 were significantly elevated in atopic patients but the degree of elevation was not sufficient to upregulate the expression of the selected IL-4-sensitive genes in circulating leukocytes. Moreover, the arachidonic acid oxygenase activity of blood monocytes was not significantly altered in atopic patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the IL-4 plasma levels of atopic patients are not high enough to impact the expression of IL-4-sensitive genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Marbach-Breitrück
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Kalledat
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Stehling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brunner PM, Guttman-Yassky E. Racial differences in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 122:449-455. [PMID: 30465859 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize studies investigating ethnical and racial differences in atopic dermatitis (AD) epidemiology, clinical features, and skin and blood phenotypes. DATA SOURCES PubMed literature review (years 2000-2018). STUDY SELECTIONS Articles discussing primarily human disease. RESULTS Higher overall rates of AD were found in Africa and Oceania as opposed to India and Northern and Eastern Europe. In the United States, AD prevalence was found to be higher in African American (19.3%) compared with European American (16.1%) children. Although several studies have consistently found FLG loss-of-function mutations in up to 50% of European and 27% of Asian patients with AD, FLG mutations were 6 times less common in African American than in European American patients, even in patients with severe AD. Thus, FLG mutations seem to play less a pathogenic role in patients of African origin than in individuals of European or Asian ancestry. The immune phenotype of all ethnic groups was characterized by strong TH2 activation, but important differences in immune polarization exist among the different ethnicities. Asian patients with AD had stronger TH17/TH22 activation than African American and European American patients with AD, whereas African American patients had the highest serum IgE levels among all groups, while largely lacking TH1 and TH17 activation. CONCLUSION AD is a heterogeneous disease that has differences among various ethnic and racial groups, which might be important for the development of future, targeted treatments and for personalized medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier disruption, and dysregulation of the immune system are some of the critical components of AD. An impaired skin barrier may be the initial step in the development of the atopic march as well as AD, which leads to further skin inflammation and allergic sensitization. Type 2 cytokines as well as interleukin 17 and interleukin 22 contribute to skin barrier dysfunction and the development of AD. New insights into the pathophysiology of AD have focused on epidermal lipid profiles, neuroimmune interactions, and microbial dysbiosis. Newer therapeutic strategies focus on improving skin barrier function and targeting polarized immune pathways found in AD. Further understanding of AD pathophysiology will allow us to achieve a more precision medicine approach to the prevention and the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Eui Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Omori N, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Taniguchi J, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Association of the polymorphisms in Th2 chemotaxis-related genes with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr J 2018; 65:815-826. [PMID: 29848886 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is difficult to predict. Th2 cells suppress the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, which are associated with the prognosis of AITD. However, there are few reports as to whether Th2 chemotaxis-related genes, such as CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells), IL-25, TARC/CCL17 (Thymus and activation regulated chemokine/chemokine ligand 17) or STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6), affect the pathology of and/or susceptibility to AITD. Therefore, in this study, we genotyped functional SNPs in these genes to clarify the association of the genetic differences of genes related to Th2 differentiation and chemotaxis with the development and the prognosis of AITDs. The frequencies of the AA genotype of the CRTH2 rs545659 SNP and the CC genotype and the C allele of the CRTH2 rs634681 SNP were higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD. The frequency of the CC genotype in the TARC rs223828 SNP was higher in patients with intractable GD than in patients with GD in remission. In conclusion, the CRTH2 rs545659 and rs634681 SNPs were associated with the severity of HD, and the TARC/CCL17 rs223828 SNP was associated with the intractability of GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Omori
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junpei Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaufman BP, Guttman-Yassky E, Alexis AF. Atopic dermatitis in diverse racial and ethnic groups-Variations in epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation and treatment. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:340-357. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget P. Kaufman
- Department of Dermatology; Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West; New York NY USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Andrew F. Alexis
- Department of Dermatology; Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West; New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martin LJ, He H, Collins MH, Abonia JP, Biagini Myers JM, Eby M, Johansson H, Kottyan LC, Khurana Hershey GK, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) genetic susceptibility is mediated by synergistic interactions between EoE-specific and general atopic disease loci. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1690-1698. [PMID: 29129581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal inflammatory disease associated with atopic diseases. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and calpain 14 (CAPN14) genetic variations contribute to EoE, but how this relates to atopy is unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between EoE, atopy, and genetic risk. METHODS EoE-atopy enrichment was tested by using 700 patients with EoE and 801 community control subjects. Probing 372 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 63 atopy genes, we evaluated EoE associations using 412 nonatopic and 868 atopic disease control subjects. Interaction and stratified analyses of EoE-specific and atopy-related SNPs were performed. RESULTS Atopic disease was enriched in patients with EoE (P < .0001). Comparing patients with EoE and nonatopic control subjects, EoE associated strongly with IL-4/kinesin family member 3A (IL4/KIF3A) (P = 2.8 × 10-6; odds ratio [OR], 1.87), moderately with TSLP (P = 1.5 × 10-4; OR, 1.43), and nominally with CAPN14 (P = .029; OR, 1.35). Comparing patients with EoE with atopic disease control subjects, EoE associated strongly with ST2 (P = 3.5 × 10-6; OR, 1.77) and nominally with IL4/KIF3A (P = .019; OR, 1.25); TSLP's association persisted (P = 4.7 × 10-5; OR, 1.37), and CAPN14's association strengthened (P = .0001; OR, 1.71). Notably, there was gene-gene interaction between TSLP and IL4 SNPs (P = .0074). Children with risk alleles for both genes were at higher risk for EoE (P = 2.0 × 10-10; OR, 3.67). CONCLUSIONS EoE genetic susceptibility is mediated by EoE-specific and general atopic disease loci, which can have synergistic effects. These results might aid in identifying potential therapeutics and predicting EoE susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Margaret H Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Pablo Abonia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joceyln M Biagini Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Eby
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hanna Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang J, Liu Y, Xue R, Chen L, Chen H, Shao L, Wang J, Zhang X. Interleukin 4 –590C/T (rs2243250) Polymorphism Is Associated With Increased Risk of Atopic Dermatitis: Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Dermatitis 2017; 28:144-151. [DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
20
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorder: Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081234. [PMID: 27483258 PMCID: PMC5000632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease resulting from interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of AD is poorly understood, and the treatment of recalcitrant AD is still challenging. There is accumulating evidence for new gene polymorphisms related to the epidermal barrier function and innate and adaptive immunity in patients with AD. Newly-found T cells and dendritic cell subsets, cytokines, chemokines and signaling pathways have extended our understanding of the molecular pathomechanism underlying AD. Genetic changes caused by environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. We herein present a review of the genetics, epigenetics, barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities in AD with a focus on updated molecular biology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hussein YM, Alzahrani SS, Alharthi AA, Alhazmi AS, Ghonaim MM, Alghamdy AAN, El Askary A. Gene Polymorphism of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-4 Receptor and STAT6 in Children with Atopic Dermatitis in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:223-34. [PMID: 27018548 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1135943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This work was performed to evaluate the level of IL-4, and to clarify the role of IL-4 gene polymorphism at position cytosine -590-to-thyamine (C-590T), IL-4Rα gene polymorphism at position adenine +4679-to-guanine (A+4679G) [isoleucine-50-valine (I50V)] and STAT6 gene polymorphism at position guanine 2964-to-adenine (G2964A) in Saudi children with non-atopic dermatitis (non-AD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) to identify their role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study included 150 children: 50 healthy children as controls, 50 with non-AD, and 50 with AD. They were subjected to full clinical examination, complete blood picture, skin prick test, and determination of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and total immunoglobulin-E (IgE) levels. Detection of interleukin-4 gene (C-590T), interleukin-4 receptor alpha gene (A+4679G) (I50V), and STAT6 gene (G2964A) polymorphisms were performed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS There was a significant (P < 0.01) association between genotype and allele frequencies of IL-4Rα (A+4679G) (I50V) polymorphism in the AD group (but not non-AD group). Moreover, there was a significant association between genotype and allele frequencies of the STAT6 (G2946A) polymorphism in the non-AD (P < 0.05) and AD (P < 0.01) groups. On the other hand, there was no significant association between genotype and allele frequencies of the (C-590T) polymorphism in the non-AD group and AD group. There was a significant (P < 0.001) higher total IgE level in patients compared to the controls. Moreover, the mean values of total IgE were significantly different among the different allelic variants of (C-590T), (I50V), (G2964A) polymorphisms of IL-4, IL-4Rα, and STAT6 genes, respectively, in all the studied groups. On the other hand, there was no significant difference of serum IL-4 levels among all the studied patients, or among the different allelic variants of (C-590T), (I50V), (G2964A) polymorphisms of IL-4, IL-4Rα, and STAT6 genes, respectively. CONCLUSION IL-4Rα gene (I50V) and STAT6 gene (G2964) polymorphisms may play a role in development of eczema; however, the IL-4 gene polymorphism (C-590T) had no relationship with susceptibility to the disease among Saudi children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousri M Hussein
- a Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia.,b Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Saad S Alzahrani
- c Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd Allah Alharthi
- d Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S Alhazmi
- a Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabrouk M Ghonaim
- a Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia.,e Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Menoufiya University , Menoufiya , Egypt
| | - Abd Alrahman N Alghamdy
- f Community Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- a Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia.,g Medical Biochemistry Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University , Damietta , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ewald DA, Malajian D, Krueger JG, Workman CT, Wang T, Tian S, Litman T, Guttman-Yassky E, Suárez-Fariñas M. Meta-analysis derived atopic dermatitis (MADAD) transcriptome defines a robust AD signature highlighting the involvement of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism pathways. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:60. [PMID: 26459294 PMCID: PMC4603338 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options. Several microarray experiments have been conducted on lesional/LS and non-lesional/NL AD skin to develop a genomic disease phenotype. Although these experiments have shed light on disease pathology, inter-study comparisons reveal large differences in resulting sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), limiting the utility of direct comparisons across studies. Methods We carried out a meta-analysis combining 4 published AD datasets to define a robust disease profile, termed meta-analysis derived AD (MADAD) transcriptome. Results This transcriptome enriches key AD pathways more than the individual studies, and associates AD with novel pathways, such as atherosclerosis signaling (IL-37, selectin E/SELE). We identified wide lipid abnormalities and, for the first time in vivo, correlated Th2 immune activation with downregulation of key epidermal lipids (FA2H, FAR2, ELOVL3), emphasizing the role of cytokines on the barrier disruption in AD. Key AD “classifier genes” discriminate lesional from nonlesional skin, and may evaluate therapeutic responses. Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides novel and powerful insights into AD disease pathology, and reinforces the concept of AD as a systemic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0133-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Ewald
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma AS, Ballerup, Denmark. .,Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Dana Malajian
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - James G Krueger
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher T Workman
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Suyan Tian
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Thomas Litman
- Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma AS, Ballerup, Denmark.
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee YL, Yen JJY, Hsu LC, Kuo NW, Su MW, Yang MF, Hsiao YP, Wang IJ, Liu FT. Association of STAT6 genetic variants with childhood atopic dermatitis in Taiwanese population. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:222-8. [PMID: 26048407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the single most common allergic disease in children. STAT6 has been noted as a hub molecule in IL-4 mediated response and AD pathogenesis. However, the association between STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD has never been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE We investigate the association between STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD risk in Taiwanese population. METHODS We used data from the Han Chinese in Beijing genome panel of International HapMap Project and the Taiwan Children Health Study cohort to investigate the association of STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD risks. Four tagged SNPs were selected from HapMap database and rs324011 was most significantly associated with childhood AD. Subsequently, deep sequencing around rs324011 and unconditional/conditional logistic models were applied. RESULTS rs324011 showed statistical significance for the occurrence of childhood AD (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.51) and rs167769 showed borderline statistical significance (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.99-1.49). Likelihood ratio tests revealed that haplotypes (rs167769/rs324011) were associated with childhood AD (global p=0.0018). T alleles of two STAT6 intron2 SNPs, rs324011 and rs167769, increased STAT6 promoter activity significantly in luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION T allele of rs324011 in STAT6 would increase the risk of AD occurrence in children. Haplotypes of rs324011/rs167769 were also significantly associated with childhood AD in Taiwanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roediger B, Kyle R, Le Gros G, Weninger W. Dermal group 2 innate lymphoid cells in atopic dermatitis and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 31:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|