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Park J, Jung H, Mannaa M, Lee SY, Lee HH, Kim N, Han G, Park DS, Lee SW, Lee SW, Seo YS. Genome-guided comparative in planta transcriptome analyses for identifying cross-species common virulence factors in bacterial phytopathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030720. [PMID: 36466249 PMCID: PMC9709210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial disease is a complex outcome achieved through a combination of virulence factors that are activated during infection. However, the common virulence factors across diverse plant pathogens are largely uncharacterized. Here, we established a pan-genome shared across the following plant pathogens: Burkholderia glumae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. By overlaying in planta transcriptomes onto the pan-genome, we investigated the expression profiles of common genes during infection. We found over 70% of identical patterns for genes commonly expressed by the pathogens in different plant hosts or infection sites. Co-expression patterns revealed the activation of a signal transduction cascade to recognize and respond to external changes within hosts. Using mutagenesis, we uncovered a relationship between bacterial virulence and functions highly conserved and shared in the studied genomes of the bacterial phytopathogens, including flagellar biosynthesis protein, C4-dicarboxylate ABC transporter, 2-methylisocitrate lyase, and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD). In particular, the disruption of PCD gene led to attenuated virulence in all pathogens and significantly affected phytotoxin production in B. glumae. This PCD gene was ubiquitously distributed in most plant pathogens with high homology. In conclusion, our results provide cross-species in planta models for identifying common virulence factors, which can be useful for the protection of crops against diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeup Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gil Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Park
- Paddy Crop Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotech & Crop Biotech Institute, KyungHee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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2
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Next Generation Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveal Extreme Plasticity of Two Burkholderia glumae Strains HN1 and HN2. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111265. [DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae is an important rice pathogen, thus the genomic and evolutionary history may be helpful to control this notorious pathogen. Here, we present two complete genomes of the B. glumae strains HN1 and HN2, which were isolated from diseased rice seed in China. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis shows greater than 99% similarity of the strains HN1 and HN2 with other published B. glumae genomes. Genomic annotation revealed that the genome of strain HN1 consists of five replicons (6,680,415 bp) with an overall G + C content of 68.06%, whereas the genome of strain HN2 comprises of three replicons (6,560,085 bp) with an overall G + C content of 68.34%. The genome of HN1 contains 5434 protein-coding genes, 351 pseudogenes, and 1 CRISPR, whereas the genome of HN2 encodes 5278 protein-coding genes, 357 pseudogenes, and 2 CRISPR. Both strains encode many pathogenic-associated genes (143 genes in HN1 vs. 141 genes in HN2). Moreover, comparative genomic analysis shows the extreme plasticity of B. glumae, which may contribute to its pathogenicity. In total, 259 single-copy genes were affected by positive selection. These genes may contribute to the adaption to different environments. Notably, six genes were characterized as virulence factors which may be an additional way to assist the pathogenicity of B. glumae.
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Ortega L, Rojas CM. Bacterial Panicle Blight and Burkholderia glumae: From Pathogen Biology to Disease Control. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:772-778. [PMID: 33206007 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0401-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial panicle blight (BPB), caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, has affected rice production worldwide. Despite its importance, neither the disease nor the causal agent are well understood. Moreover, methods to manage BPB are still lacking. Nevertheless, the emerging importance of this pathogen has stimulated research to identify the mechanisms of pathogenicity, to gain insight into plant disease resistance, and to develop strategies to manage the disease. In this review, we consolidate current information regarding the virulence factors that have been identified in B. glumae and present a model of the disease and the pathogen. We also provide an update on the current research status to develop methods to control the disease especially through biological control approaches and through the development of resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortega
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Clemencia M Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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4
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Kim N, Kim JJ, Kim I, Mannaa M, Park J, Kim J, Lee H, Lee S, Park D, Sul WJ, Seo Y. Type VI secretion systems of plant-pathogenic Burkholderia glumae BGR1 play a functionally distinct role in interspecies interactions and virulence. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1055-1069. [PMID: 32643866 PMCID: PMC7368126 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the environment, bacteria show close association, such as interspecies interaction, with other bacteria as well as host organisms. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) in gram-negative bacteria is involved in bacterial competition or virulence. The plant pathogen Burkholderia glumae BGR1, causing bacterial panicle blight in rice, has four T6SS gene clusters. The presence of at least one T6SS gene cluster in an organism indicates its distinct role, like in the bacterial and eukaryotic cell targeting system. In this study, deletion mutants targeting four tssD genes, which encode the main component of T6SS needle formation, were constructed to functionally dissect the four T6SSs in B. glumae BGR1. We found that both T6SS group_4 and group_5, belonging to the eukaryotic targeting system, act independently as bacterial virulence factors toward host plants. In contrast, T6SS group_1 is involved in bacterial competition by exerting antibacterial effects. The ΔtssD1 mutant lost the antibacterial effect of T6SS group_1. The ΔtssD1 mutant showed similar virulence as the wild-type BGR1 in rice because the ΔtssD1 mutant, like the wild-type BGR1, still has key virulence factors such as toxin production towards rice. However, metagenomic analysis showed different bacterial communities in rice infected with the ΔtssD1 mutant compared to wild-type BGR1. In particular, the T6SS group_1 controls endophytic plant-associated bacteria such as Luteibacter and Dyella in rice plants and may have an advantage in competing with endophytic plant-associated bacteria for settlement inside rice plants in the environment. Thus, B. glumae BGR1 causes disease using T6SSs with functionally distinct roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Systems BiotechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseongKorea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Juyun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Hyun‐Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | | | | | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems BiotechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseongKorea
| | - Young‐Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusanKorea
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5
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Park J, Lee HH, Jung H, Seo YS. Transcriptome analysis to understand the effects of the toxoflavin and tropolone produced by phytopathogenic Burkholderia on Escherichia coli. J Microbiol 2019; 57:781-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Kim J, Kim N, Mannaa M, Lee HH, Jeon JS, Seo YS. Characterization of Burkholderia glumae Putative Virulence Factor 11 (PVF11) via Yeast Two-Hybrid Interaction and Phenotypic Analysis. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:280-286. [PMID: 31244573 PMCID: PMC6586193 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.02.2019.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, PVF11 was selected among 20 candidate pathogenesis-related genes in Burkholderia glumae based on its effect on virulence to rice. PVF11 was found to interact with several plant defense-related WRKY proteins as evidenced through yeast-two hybrid analysis (Y2H). Moreover, PVF11 showed interactions with abiotic and biotic stress response-related rice proteins, as shown by genome-wide Y2H screening employing PVF11 and a cDNA library from B. glumae-infected rice. To confirm the effect of PVF11 on B. glumae virulence, in planta assays were conducted at different stages of rice growth. As a result, a PVF11-defective mutant showed reduced virulence in rice seedlings and stems but not in rice panicles, indicating that PVF11 involvement in B. glumae virulence in rice is stage-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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7
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Suárez-Moreno ZR, Vinchira-Villarraga DM, Vergara-Morales DI, Castellanos L, Ramos FA, Guarnaccia C, Degrassi G, Venturi V, Moreno-Sarmiento N. Plant-Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Properties of Three Streptomyces spp. Isolates to Control Bacterial Rice Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:290. [PMID: 30858835 PMCID: PMC6398372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Panicle Blight caused by Burkholderia glumae is a major disease of rice, which has dramatically affected rice production around the world in the last years. In this study we describe the assessment of three Streptomyces isolates as biocontrol agents for B. glumae. Additionally, the presence of other plant-growth promoting abilities and their possible beneficial effects upon their inoculation on rice plants was evaluated as an ecological analysis for their future inoculation in rice crops. Two isolates (A20 and 5.1) inhibited growth of virulent B. glumae strains, as well as a wide range of bacterial and fungal species, while a third strain (7.1) showed only antifungal activity. In vitro tests demonstrated the ability of these strains to produce siderophores, Indoleacetic acid (IAA), extracellular enzymes and solubilizing phosphate. Greenhouse experiments with two rice cultivars indicated that Streptomyces A20 is able to colonize rice plants and promote plant growth in both cultivars. Furthermore, an egfp tagged mutant was generated and colonization experiments were performed, indicating that Streptomyces A20 –GFP was strongly associated with root hairs, which may be related to the plant growth promotion observed in the gnotobiotic experiments. In order to characterize the antimicrobial compounds produced by strain A20 bacteria, mass spectrometry analyses were performed. This technique indicated that A20 produced several antimicrobial compounds with sizes below 3 kDa and three of these molecules were identified as Streptotricins D, E and F. These findings indicate the potential of Streptomyces A20 as a biocontrol inoculant to protect rice plants against bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Freddy A Ramos
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- Biotechnology Development Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliano Degrassi
- Bacteriology and Plant Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- Bacteriology and Plant Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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8
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da Silva PRA, Vidal MS, Soares CDP, Polese V, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, de Souza EM, Simões-Araújo JL, Baldani JI. Sugarcane apoplast fluid modulates the global transcriptional profile of the diazotrophic bacteria Paraburkholderia tropica strain Ppe8. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207863. [PMID: 30550601 PMCID: PMC6294378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stalk apoplast fluid of sugarcane contains different sugars, organic acids and amino acids that may supply the demand for carbohydrates by endophytic bacteria including diazotrophs P. tropica (syn. B. tropica) strain Ppe8, isolated from sugarcane, is part of the bacterial consortium recommended as inoculant to sugarcane. However, little information has been accumulated regarding this plant-bacterium interaction considering that it colonizes internal sugarcane tissues. Here, we made use of the RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis to study the influence of sugarcane stalk apoplast fluid on Ppe8 gene expression. The bacterium was grown in JMV liquid medium (100 ml), divided equally and then supplemented with 50 ml of fresh JMV medium or 50 ml of apoplast fluid extracted from sugarcane variety RB867515. Total RNA was extracted 2 hours later, the rRNAs were depleted and mRNAs used to construct libraries to sequence the fragments using Ion Torrent technology. The mapping and statistical analysis were carried out with CLC Genomics Workbench software. The RNA-seq data was validated by RT-qPCR using the reference genes fliP1, paaF, and groL. The data analysis showed that 544 genes were repressed and 153 genes were induced in the presence of apoplast fluid. Genes that induce plant defense responses, genes related to chemotaxis and movements were repressed in the presence of apoplast fluid, indicating that strain Ppe8 recognizes the apoplast fluid as a plant component. The expression of genes involved in bacterial metabolism was regulated (up and down), suggesting that the metabolism of strain Ppe8 is modulated by the apoplast fluid. These results suggest that Ppe8 alters its gene expression pattern in the presence of apoplast fluid mainly in order to use compounds present in the fluid as well as to avoid the induction of plant defense mechanisms. This is a pioneer study showing the role played by the sugarcane apoplast fluid on the global modulation of genes in P. tropica strain Ppe8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valéria Polese
- Department of Crop Science—UFRRJ, BR 465, Seropédica–RJ–CEP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Zibetti Tadra-Sfeir
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro Politecnico—UFPR, Rua XV de Novembro, Curitiba–PR–CEP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro Politecnico—UFPR, Rua XV de Novembro, Curitiba–PR–CEP, Brazil
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9
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Wang B, Lv XQ, He L, Zhao Q, Xu MS, Zhang L, Jia Y, Zhang F, Liu FL, Liu QL. Whole-Transcriptome Sequence Analysis of Verbena bonariensis in Response to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1751. [PMID: 29899256 PMCID: PMC6032440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is an important abiotic factor that threatens the growth and development of plants. Verbena bonariensis is a widely used landscape plant with a very high ornamental value. We found that Verbena has drought tolerance in production practice, so in order to delve into its mechanism of drought resistance and screen out its drought-resistance genes, we used the RNA-Seq platform to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly to analyze Verbena transcription response to drought stress. By high-throughput sequencing with Illumina Hiseq Xten, a total of 44.59 Gb clean data was obtained from T01 (control group) and T02 (drought experiment group). After assembly, 111,313 unigenes were obtained, and 53,757 of them were annotated by compared databases. In this study, 4829 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 4165 were annotated. We performed GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analyses, and explored a lot of differently expressed genes related to plant energy production, hormone synthesis, cell signal transduction, and metabolism to understand the stress response of Verbena in drought stress. In addition, we also found that a series of TFs related to drought-resistance of Verbena and provide excellent genetic resources for improving the drought tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xue-Qi Lv
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ling He
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao-Sheng Xu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yin Jia
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Feng-Luan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Huagong Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201602, China.
| | - Qing-Lin Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Vanaporn M, Sarkar-Tyson M, Kovacs-Simon A, Ireland PM, Pumirat P, Korbsrisate S, Titball RW, Butt A. Trehalase plays a role in macrophage colonization and virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in insect and mammalian hosts. Virulence 2017; 8:30-40. [PMID: 27367830 PMCID: PMC5963195 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1199316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules. This sugar molecule can be isolated from a range of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates. Trehalose has a variety of functions including a role as an energy storage molecule, a structural component of glycolipids and plays a role in the virulence of some microorganisms. There are many metabolic pathways that control the biosynthesis and degradation of trehalose in different organisms. The enzyme trehalase forms part of a pathway that converts trehalose into glucose. In this study we set out to investigate whether trehalase plays a role in both stress adaptation and virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei. We show that a trehalase deletion mutant (treA) had increased tolerance to thermal stress and produced less biofilm than the wild type B. pseudomallei K96243 strain. We also show that the ΔtreA mutant has reduced ability to survive in macrophages and that it is attenuated in both Galleria mellonella (wax moth larvae) and a mouse infection model. This is the first report that trehalase is important for bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthita Vanaporn
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Andrea Kovacs-Simon
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philip M. Ireland
- CBR Division, Defense Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, UK
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard W. Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Aaron Butt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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11
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Bigirimana VDP, Hua GKH, Nyamangyoku OI, Höfte M. Rice Sheath Rot: An Emerging Ubiquitous Destructive Disease Complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1066. [PMID: 26697031 PMCID: PMC4675855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Around one century ago, a rice disease characterized mainly by rotting of sheaths was reported in Taiwan. The causal agent was identified as Acrocylindrium oryzae, later known as Sarocladium oryzae. Since then it has become clear that various other organisms can cause similar disease symptoms, including Fusarium sp. and fluorescent pseudomonads. These organisms have in common that they produce a range of phytotoxins that induce necrosis in plants. The same agents also cause grain discoloration, chaffiness, and sterility and are all seed-transmitted. Rice sheath rot disease symptoms are found in all rice-growing areas of the world. The disease is now getting momentum and is considered as an important emerging rice production threat. The disease can lead to variable yield losses, which can be as high as 85%. This review aims at improving our understanding of the disease etiology of rice sheath rot and mainly deals with the three most reported rice sheath rot pathogens: S. oryzae, the Fusarium fujikuroi complex, and Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. Causal agents, pathogenicity determinants, interactions among the various pathogens, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and control options will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent de P. Bigirimana
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, Rural Development and Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of RwandaMusanze, Rwanda
| | - Gia K. H. Hua
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Obedi I. Nyamangyoku
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, Rural Development and Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of RwandaMusanze, Rwanda
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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12
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Gao R, Krysciak D, Petersen K, Utpatel C, Knapp A, Schmeisser C, Daniel R, Voget S, Jaeger KE, Streit WR. Genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis of quorum sensing-controlled regulons in the plant-associated Burkholderia glumae PG1 strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7993-8007. [PMID: 26362987 PMCID: PMC4651095 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01043-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae PG1 is a soil-associated motile plant-pathogenic bacterium possessing a cell density-dependent regulation system called quorum sensing (QS). Its genome contains three genes, here designated bgaI1 to bgaI3, encoding distinct autoinducer-1 (AI-1) synthases, which are capable of synthesizing QS signaling molecules. Here, we report on the construction of B. glumae PG1 ΔbgaI1, ΔbgaI2, and ΔbgaI3 mutants, their phenotypic characterization, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Knockout of each of these bgaI genes resulted in strongly decreased motility, reduced extracellular lipase activity, a reduced ability to cause plant tissue maceration, and decreased pathogenicity. RNA-seq analysis of all three B. glumae PG1 AI-1 synthase mutants performed in the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase revealed differential expression of a significant number of predicted genes. In comparison with the levels of gene expression by wild-type strain B. glumae PG1, 481 genes were differentially expressed in the ΔbgaI1 mutant, 213 were differentially expressed in the ΔbgaI2 mutant, and 367 were differentially expressed in the ΔbgaI3 mutant. Interestingly, only a minor set of 78 genes was coregulated in all three mutants. The majority of the QS-regulated genes were linked to metabolic activities, and the most pronounced regulation was observed for genes involved in rhamnolipid and Flp pilus biosynthesis and the type VI secretion system and genes linked to a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-cas gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Gao
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Krysciak
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Petersen
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Utpatel
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christel Schmeisser
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Voget
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Bello-Ortí B, Howell KJ, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ, Aragon V. Metatranscriptomics reveals metabolic adaptation and induction of virulence factors by Haemophilus parasuis during lung infection. Vet Res 2015; 46:102. [PMID: 26395877 PMCID: PMC4580352 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract of pigs, and the causative agent of Glässer’s disease. This disease is characterized by polyserositis and arthritis, produced by the severe inflammation caused by the systemic spread of the bacterium. After an initial colonization of the upper respiratory tract, H. parasuis enters the lung during the early stages of pig infection. In order to study gene expression at this location, we sequenced the ex vivo and in vivo H. parasuis Nagasaki transcriptome in the lung using a metatranscriptomic approach. Comparison of gene expression under these conditions with that found in conventional plate culture showed generally reduced expression of genes associated with anabolic and catabolic pathways, coupled with up-regulation of membrane-related genes involved in carbon acquisition, iron binding and pathogenesis. Some of the up-regulated membrane genes, including ABC transporters, virulence-associated autotransporters (vtaAs) and several hypothetical proteins, were only present in virulent H. parasuis strains, highlighting their significance as markers of disease potential. Finally, the analysis also revealed the presence of numerous antisense transcripts with possible roles in gene regulation. In summary, this data sheds some light on the scarcely studied in vivo transcriptome of H. parasuis, revealing nutritional virulence as an adaptive strategy for host survival, besides induction of classical virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bello-Ortí
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Kate J Howell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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