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Tao GY, Xie YH, Li WF, Li KP, Sun C, Wang HM, Sun XM. LkARF7 and LkARF19 overexpression promote adventitious root formation in a heterologous poplar model by positively regulating LkBBM1. Commun Biol 2023; 6:372. [PMID: 37020138 PMCID: PMC10076273 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuttage propagation involves adventitious root formation induced by auxin. In our previous study, Larix kaempferi BABY BOOM 1 (LkBBM1), which is known to regulate adventitious root formation, was affected by auxin. However, the relationship between LkBBM1 and auxin remains unclear. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are a class of important transcription factors in the auxin signaling pathway and modulate the expression of early auxin-responsive genes by binding to auxin response elements. In the present study, we identified 14 L. kaempferi ARFs (LkARFs), and found LkARF7 and LkARF19 bound to LkBBM1 promoter and enhanced its transcription using yeast one-hybrid, ChIP-qPCR, and dual-luciferase assays. In addition, the treatment with naphthalene acetic acid promoted the expression of LkARF7 and LkARF19. We also found that overexpression of these two genes in poplar promoted adventitious root formation. Furthermore, LkARF19 interacted with the DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 53-like protein to form a heterodimer to regulate adventitious root formation. Altogether, our results reveal an additional regulatory mechanism underlying the control of adventitious root formation by auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yun-Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wan-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Kui-Peng Li
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Guangxi, 530009, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hong-Ming Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL) family genes in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Genomics 2022; 114:110313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mulat MW, Sinha VB. Distribution and abundance of CREs in the promoters depicts crosstalk by WRKYs in Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Troetter]. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ranade SS, Egertsdotter U. In silico characterization of putative gene homologues involved in somatic embryogenesis suggests that some conifer species may lack LEC2, one of the key regulators of initiation of the process. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:392. [PMID: 34039265 PMCID: PMC8157724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the process in which somatic embryos develop from somatic tissue in vitro on medium in most cases supplemented with growth regulators. Knowledge of genes involved in regulation of initiation and of development of somatic embryos is crucial for application of SE as an efficient tool to enable genetic improvement across genotypes by clonal propagation. RESULTS Current work presents in silico identification of putative homologues of central regulators of SE initiation and development in conifers focusing mainly on key transcription factors (TFs) e.g. BBM, LEC1, LEC1-LIKE, LEC2 and FUSCA3, based on sequence similarity using BLASTP. Protein sequences of well-characterised candidates genes from Arabidopsis thaliana were used to query the databases (Gymno PLAZA, Congenie, GenBank) including whole-genome sequence data from two representative species from the genus Picea (Picea abies) and Pinus (Pinus taeda), for finding putative conifer homologues, using BLASTP. Identification of corresponding conifer proteins was further confirmed by domain search (Conserved Domain Database), alignment (MUSCLE) with respective sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana proteins and phylogenetic analysis (Phylogeny.fr). CONCLUSIONS This in silico analysis suggests absence of LEC2 in Picea abies and Pinus taeda, the conifer species whose genomes have been sequenced. Based on available sequence data to date, LEC2 was also not detected in the other conifer species included in the study. LEC2 is one of the key TFs associated with initiation and regulation of the process of SE in angiosperms. Potential alternative mechanisms that might be functional in conifers to compensate the lack of LEC2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sachin Ranade
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Egertsdotter
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Shmakov VN, Konstantinov YM. Somatic embryogenesis in Larix: the state of art and perspectives. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:575-588. [PMID: 33659843 PMCID: PMC7716517 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal propagation of conifers using somatic embryogenesis is essential for the selection of tree species,
and for the implementation of afforestation and reforestation. In combination with cryopreservation, somatic
embryogenesis
creates the basis for the development of economically valuable lines of clones and elite genotypes.
The industrial use of such genetically verified clone lines in forestry can significantly increase forest productivity compared
to any conventional methods for improving tree crops that are available. Larch is considered as one of the main
conifer candidates for large-scale reforestation, not only due to the vastness of its habitat, but also due to the unique
quality of its wood, rapid growth and high ecological plasticity. However, the vast majority of larch species are characterized
by uneven yields and extremely low seed quality. In this regard, obtaining planting material for reforestation
from larch seeds on seed plantations is not advisable, but can be successfully implemented in afforestation programs
using somatic embryogenesis technologies. Research on the somatic embryogenesis of larch has been conducted
for over 30 years, which allowed considerable experience in this field to be accumulated. To date, the conditions for
the initiation and maintenance of embryogenic cultures, as well as for the formation and development of somatic
embryos have been determined. Significant progress has been made in the study of both the factors affecting these
processes and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the various stages of embryogenesis. Nevertheless, despite
the successes achieved, knowledge available today on the somatic embryogenesis of representatives of the genus
Larix is still not enough to develop technologies for producing valuable plant-breeding material in vitro. This review
analyzes the current state of research on the problem of somatic embryogenesis of representatives of the genus Larix.
Particular attention is paid to the choice of explants for somatic embryogenesis, the composition of the media for
cultivation, the dependence of the potential of somatic embryogenesis on the duration of cultivation, and the genetic
control of somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Shmakov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yu M Konstantinov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
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Wang H, Xie Y, Liu W, Tao G, Sun C, Sun X, Zhang S. Transcription factor LkWOX4 is involved in adventitious root development in Larix kaempferi. Gene 2020; 758:144942. [PMID: 32640309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox4 (WOX4) plays important roles in vascular formation and adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we cloned the WOX4 from the AR of Larix kaempferi, whose cDNA is 1452 bp in length and encodes 483 amino acids. LkWOX4 is mainly expressed in the layer formation area of the stem at 10 days after cutting and its expression levels in the middles and ends of the ARs were higher than that in the AR tips. The fused protein LkWOX4-GFP localized in the nucleus. The heterologous overexpression of LkWOX4 in 84 K poplar significantly increased AR numbers and decreased AR lengths. In LkWOX4 plants, the endogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents significantly decreased in stems, while the auxin, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents significantly increased in ARs. RNA-Seq of those LkWOX4 overexpression poplar plants showed that the expression of plant hormone signaling genes (ARF2, ARF3, ARF7 and ARF18), rooting-related transcription factors (WOX5, LBD29 and SCR) and root development-related genes (CYCD3, GRF1 and TAA1) were affected. Moreover, we found that LkWOX4 interacts with LkPAT18, LkACBP6, and LkCIP7 using yeast two hybrid screening. Thus, we found LkWOX4 involves in the AR initiation and development, which might be regulated through the IAA, JA and ABA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Gansu 741000, China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
| | - Guiyun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Wang H, Li K, Sun X, Xie Y, Han X, Zhang S. Isolation and characterization of larch BABY BOOM2 and its regulation of adventitious root development. Gene 2018; 690:90-98. [PMID: 30597235 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The BABY BOOM2 gene, designated LkBBM2, and its promoter were isolated from hybrid larch (Larix kaempferi × L. olgensis). The open reading frame of LkBBM2 was 2574 bp, encoding 857 amino acids. The LkBBM2 protein contains two AP2 DNA binding domains and a BBM specific motif, but lacks the euANT5 motif common to AP2 family members. The LkBBM2 promoter contains several hormone response and root-specific expression elements. LkBBM2 expression was significantly higher in larch adventitious roots (ARs) than in stems, leaves or stem tips, and increased after auxin treatment. The fused protein LkBBM2-GFP was localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm whereas LkBBM1-GFP was only localized in the nucleus. Over-expression of LkBBM2 and LkBBM1 in Arabidopsis significantly elongated the roots. Furthermore, over-expression those two genes in the hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) significantly increased ARs number. We speculated that these two genes regulate AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Kuipeng Li
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, No.23, Yongwu Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xuemin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China.
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Bilichak A, Luu J, Jiang F, Eudes F. Identification of BABY BOOM homolog in bread wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Díaz-Sala C. Molecular Dissection of the Regenerative Capacity of Forest Tree Species: Special Focus on Conifers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1943. [PMID: 30687348 PMCID: PMC6333695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) and organogenesis have become leading biotechnologies for forest tree improvement and the implementation of multi-varietal forestry. Despite major advances in clonal propagation using these technologies, many forest tree species, such as conifers, show a low regeneration capacity. Developmental factors such as genotype, the type and age of the explant or tissue, and the age and maturity of the mother tree are limiting factors for the success of propagation programs. This review summarizes recent research on the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of key steps in SE and organogenesis of forest tree species, mainly conifers. The interaction between auxin and stress conditions, the induction of cell identity regulators and the role of cell wall remodeling are reviewed. This information is essential to develop tools and strategies to improve clonal propagation programs for forest tree species.
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Igielski R, Kępczyńska E. Gene expression and metabolite profiling of gibberellin biosynthesis during induction of somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182055. [PMID: 28750086 PMCID: PMC5531487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in the regulation of numerous developmental processes in plants including zygotic embryogenesis, but their biosynthesis and role during somatic embryogenesis (SE) is mostly unknown. In this study we show that during three week- long induction phase, when cells of leaf explants from non-embryogenic genotype (M9) and embryogenic variant (M9-10a) were forming the callus, all the bioactive gibberellins from non-13-hydroxylation (GA4, GA7) and 13-hydroxylation (GA1, GA5, GA3, GA6) pathways were present, but the contents of only a few of them differed between the tested lines. The GA53 and GA19 substrates synthesized by the 13-hydroxylation pathway accumulated specifically in the M9-10a line after the first week of induction; subsequently, among the bioactive gibberellins detected, only the content of GA3 increased and appeared to be connected with acquisition of embryogenic competence. We fully annotated 20 Medicago truncatula orthologous genes coding the enzymes which catalyze all the known reactions of gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results indicate that, within all the genes tested, expression of only three: MtCPS, MtGA3ox1 and MtGA3ox2, was specific to embryogenic explants and reflected the changes observed in GA53, GA19 and GA3 contents. Moreover, by analyzing expression of MtBBM, SE marker gene, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of manipulation in GAs metabolism, applying exogenous GA3, which not only impaired the production of somatic embryos, but also significantly decreased expression of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Igielski
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kępczyńska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Igielski R, Kępczyńska E. Gene expression and metabolite profiling of gibberellin biosynthesis during induction of somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182055. [PMID: 28750086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.018205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in the regulation of numerous developmental processes in plants including zygotic embryogenesis, but their biosynthesis and role during somatic embryogenesis (SE) is mostly unknown. In this study we show that during three week- long induction phase, when cells of leaf explants from non-embryogenic genotype (M9) and embryogenic variant (M9-10a) were forming the callus, all the bioactive gibberellins from non-13-hydroxylation (GA4, GA7) and 13-hydroxylation (GA1, GA5, GA3, GA6) pathways were present, but the contents of only a few of them differed between the tested lines. The GA53 and GA19 substrates synthesized by the 13-hydroxylation pathway accumulated specifically in the M9-10a line after the first week of induction; subsequently, among the bioactive gibberellins detected, only the content of GA3 increased and appeared to be connected with acquisition of embryogenic competence. We fully annotated 20 Medicago truncatula orthologous genes coding the enzymes which catalyze all the known reactions of gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results indicate that, within all the genes tested, expression of only three: MtCPS, MtGA3ox1 and MtGA3ox2, was specific to embryogenic explants and reflected the changes observed in GA53, GA19 and GA3 contents. Moreover, by analyzing expression of MtBBM, SE marker gene, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of manipulation in GAs metabolism, applying exogenous GA3, which not only impaired the production of somatic embryos, but also significantly decreased expression of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Igielski
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kępczyńska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Rupps A, Raschke J, Rümmler M, Linke B, Zoglauer K. Identification of putative homologs of Larix decidua to BABYBOOM (BBM), LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX2 (WOX2) and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-like KINASE (SERK) during somatic embryogenesis. PLANTA 2016; 243:473-88. [PMID: 26476718 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis-related genes ( LdBBM, LdLEC1, LdWOX2 and LdSERK ) were confirmed in sequence and expression abundance for Larix decidua —these findings are valid for somatic as well as for zygotic embryo development.S omatic embryogenesis is a reliable source of high-quality genotypes as it presents an advantageous alternative for conifers in forestry, independent from seed production. Although this propagation method is already being applied, molecular factors initiating and controlling the process remain to be understood. The embryogenesis-associated genes BABYBOOM (BBM), LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX2 (WOX2) and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-like KINASE (SERK) were identified and analyzed in somatic embryos of the European larch, L. decidua Mill. Subsequent comparisons with annotated sequences displayed similarities with angiosperm homologs. Transcript accumulation of the identified genes during embryogenesis has been analyzed. LdLEC1 and LdWOX2 are mainly expressed during early embryogenesis, whereas LdBBM and LdSERK reveal increased expression during later development. Temporal and spatial expression studies revealed a specific LdLEC1 signal in the outer cell layer of young embryo heads, whereas mature embryos showed a homogeneous expression. The overexpression of LdLEC1 in Arabidopsis influences germination and cotyledon formation, thus indicating the interspecific importance of LEC1 for proper embryo and specifically cotyledon development. Our data support a conserved role of principal regulators during plant embryogenesis that may be used as molecular markers for embryogenicity and to further determine initiating processes of somatic embryogenesis.
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