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Yang W, Zhao Y, Dou Y, Ji Q, Zhang C, Guo L, Geng Z, Chen X. High albumen height by expression of GALNT9 and thin eggshell by decreased Ca 2+ transportation caused high hatchability in Huainan partridge chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103784. [PMID: 38713992 PMCID: PMC11091513 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hatchability could be quite different among individuals of indigenous chicken breed which might be affected by the egg quality. In this study, hatchability was individually recorded among 800 forty-wk-old Huainan partridge chickens. The chickens were then divided into high and low hatchability groups (HH and LH group) with 50 birds in each group. Egg quality was further determined in the 2 groups. Eight birds from each group were selected for slaughtering and tissue, responsible for egg formation, collection for structure observation by staining and candidate gene expression by transcriptome analysis. The hatchability in HH was 100% and 61.18% in LH. The eggshell thickness and shell strength were significantly lower, while the albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly higher in HH group than those in LH group (P < 0.05). The magnum weight and index, and the expression of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 9 (GALNT9), which responsible for thick albumen synthesis, in HH group were also significantly higher than that of LH group (P < 0.05). Compared with the LH group, there were 702 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HH group, of which 402 were up-regulated and 300 were down-regulated. Candidate genes of calbindin 1 (CALB1) and solute carrier family 26 member 9 (SLC26A9), which regulate calcium signaling pathway so as to affect Ca2+ transportation, exhibited significant high and low expression, respectively, in HH group compared to those in LH group (P < 0.05). Therefore, indigenous chicken with high expression of GALNT9 in magnum to form thick albumen to provide more protein for embryo, while high CALB1 and low expression of SLC26A9 to decrease Ca2+ transportation so as to form a thinner eggshell and provide better gas exchange during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Qianyun Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Liping Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China.
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2
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Li J, Chen CT, Li P, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu W, Gu W. Lung transcriptomics reveals the underlying mechanism by which aerobic training enhances pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38532405 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic training is the primary method of rehabilitation for improving respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission. However, the mechanism underlying this improvement is not yet fully understood. The use of transcriptomics in rehabilitation medicine offers a promising strategy for uncovering the ways in which exercise training improves respiratory dysfunction in COPD patients. In this study, lung tissue was analyzed using transcriptomics to investigate the relationship between exercise and lung changes. METHODS Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 24 weeks, followed by nine weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise, with a control group for comparison. Pulmonary function and structure were assessed at the end of the intervention and RNA sequencing was performed on the lung tissue. RESULTS Exercise training was found to improve airway resistance and lung ventilation indices in individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. However, the effect of this treatment on damaged alveoli was weak. The pair-to-pair comparison revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, that were closely linked to inflammation and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Further research is necessary to confirm the cause-and-effect relationship between the identified biomarkers and the improvement in pulmonary function, as this was not examined in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), 200433, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, 200438, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cai-Tao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200434, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Laboratory Department of the 908th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, 330001, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, 200438, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
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3
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Curcio A, Scalise R, Indolfi C. Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Approach to Therapy in Subjects Less than 60 Years Old. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:758. [PMID: 38255832 PMCID: PMC10815447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that affects the left atrium, cardiac function, and the patients' survival rate. Due to empowered diagnostics, it has become increasingly recognized among young individuals as well, in whom it is influenced by a complex interplay of autoimmune, inflammatory, and electrophysiological mechanisms. Deepening our understanding of these mechanisms could contribute to improving AF management and treatment. Inflammation is a complexly regulated process, with interactions among various immune cell types, signaling molecules, and complement components. Addressing circulating antibodies and designing specific autoantibodies are promising therapeutic options. In cardiomyopathies or channelopathies, the first manifestation could be paroxysmal AF; persistent forms tend not to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs in these conditions. Further research, both in vitro and in vivo, on the use of genomic biotechnology could lead to new therapeutic approaches. Additional triggers that can be encountered in AF patients below 60 years of age are systemic hypertension, overweight, diabetes, and alcohol abuse. The aims of this review are to briefly report evidence from basic science and results of clinical studies that might explain the juvenile burden of the most encountered sustained supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Curcio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.S.); (C.I.)
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4
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Lai H, Gao M, Yang H. The potassium channels: Neurobiology and pharmacology of tinnitus. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25281. [PMID: 38284861 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a widespread public health issue that imposes a significant social burden. The occurrence and maintenance of tinnitus have been shown to be associated with abnormal neuronal activity in the auditory pathway. Based on this view, neurobiological and pharmacological developments in tinnitus focus on ion channels and synaptic neurotransmitter receptors in neurons in the auditory pathway. With major breakthroughs in the pathophysiology and research methodology of tinnitus in recent years, the role of the largest family of ion channels, potassium ion channels, in modulating the excitability of neurons involved in tinnitus has been increasingly demonstrated. More and more potassium channels involved in the neural mechanism of tinnitus have been discovered, and corresponding drugs have been developed. In this article, we review animal (mouse, rat, hamster, and guinea-pig), human, and genetic studies on the different potassium channels involved in tinnitus, analyze the limitations of current clinical research on potassium channels, and propose future prospects. The aim of this review is to promote the understanding of the role of potassium ion channels in tinnitus and to advance the development of drugs targeting potassium ion channels for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohong Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqian Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haidi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Liantonio A, Bertini M, Mele A, Balla C, Dinoi G, Selvatici R, Mele M, De Luca A, Gualandi F, Imbrici P. Brugada Syndrome: More than a Monogenic Channelopathy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2297. [PMID: 37626795 PMCID: PMC10452102 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac channelopathy first diagnosed in 1992 but still considered a challenging disease in terms of diagnosis, arrhythmia risk prediction, pathophysiology and management. Despite about 20% of individuals carrying pathogenic variants in the SCN5A gene, the identification of a polygenic origin for BrS and the potential role of common genetic variants provide the basis for applying polygenic risk scores for individual risk prediction. The pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear, and the initial thinking of this syndrome as a primary electrical disease is evolving towards a partly structural disease. This review focuses on the main scientific advancements in the identification of biomarkers for diagnosis, risk stratification, pathophysiology and therapy of BrS. A comprehensive model that integrates clinical and genetic factors, comorbidities, age and gender, and perhaps environmental influences may provide the opportunity to enhance patients' quality of life and improve the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Liantonio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Matteo Bertini
- Cardiological Center, Sant’Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiological Center, Sant’Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgia Dinoi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Rita Selvatici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Mother and Child, Sant’Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Marco Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.)
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Francesca Gualandi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Mother and Child, Sant’Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (A.M.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.)
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6
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Xu Y, Wang D, Zhao G. Potassium voltage‑gated channel subfamily E member 4 facilitates the malignant progression of colon cancer by enhancing EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 2 expression. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:392. [PMID: 37456174 PMCID: PMC10347171 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a highly invasive and metastatic cancer with a poor prognosis. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal (UALCAN) database indicates that potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 4 (KCNE4) is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues. UALCAN data also show that KCNE4 expression is positively associated with individual cancer stages and negatively associated with patient survival. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to elucidate the functional role of KCNE4 in the biological behaviors of colon cancer cells and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The gene EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 2 (EFEMP2) was found to be positively correlated with KCNE4 in colon cancer based on analysis performed using the LinkedOmics database; notably, upregulated EFEMP2 expression has been reported to be closely associated with the malignant phenotypes of colon cancer cells. The differences in the expression levels of KCNE4 and EFEMP2 between human colon cancer and normal colonic mucosa cell lines were assessed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot assays. In addition, the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells were determined using Cell Counting kit-8, colony formation, would healing and Transwell assays, and a co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to confirm the interaction between KCNE4 and EFEMP2. The results of the study demonstrated that KCNE4 and EFEMP2 are markedly upregulated in colon cancer cells. In addition, KCNE4 interacted with and bound to EFEMP2. The suppressive effects of KCNE4 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells were attenuated by EFEMP2 overexpression. On the basis of these findings, it may be concluded that KCNE4 acts as an oncogene in colon cancer via the promotion of EFEMP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Dingmao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
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7
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Ghosh AK, Kalousdian AA, Shang M, Lux E, Eren M, Keating A, Wilsbacher LD, Vaughan DE. Cardiomyocyte PAI-1 influences the cardiac transcriptome and limits the extent of cardiac fibrosis in response to left ventricular pressure overload. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110555. [PMID: 36584735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a specific and rapid-acting inhibitor of endogenous plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA). The global PAI-1 knockout mice (PAI-1KO) develop age-dependent cardiac-selective fibrosis, and young global PAI-1KO mice exhibit augmented susceptibility to developing cardiac fibrosis in response to hypertension. Here, we tested the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte PAI-1 is necessary to provide cardioprotective effects in a left ventricular pressure overload-induced murine model of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis using cardiomyocyte-specific PAI-1 knockout (cmPAI-1KO) mice. The results revealed that cmPAI-1KO mice display significantly worse cardiac fibrosis than controls. To investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects, genome-wide cardiac transcriptome analysis was performed. Loss of cardiomyocyte PAI-1 led to differential expression of 978 genes compared to controls in response to left ventricular pressure overload. Pathway enrichment analysis identified the inflammatory response, cell substrate adhesion, regulation of cytokine production, leukocyte migration, extracellular matrix organization, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways as being significantly upregulated in cmPAI-1KO hearts. Conversely, specific epigenetic repressors, cation transmembrane transport, muscle system processes, and nitric oxide signaling were significantly downregulated in cmPAI-1KO hearts compared to control hearts in response to left ventricular pressure overload. Collectively, the present study provides strong evidence of the impact of cardiomyocyte PAI-1 in regulation of the transcriptome network involved in the cardiac stress response. In response to stress, the deregulatory impact of cardiomyocyte PAI-1 loss on the cardiac transcriptome may be the underlying cause of cardiac-selective accelerated fibrogenesis in global PAI-1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Anthony A Kalousdian
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meng Shang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lux
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mesut Eren
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Keating
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa D Wilsbacher
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Abbott GW. Kv Channel Ancillary Subunits: Where Do We Go from Here? Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35797055 PMCID: PMC9394777 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00005.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels each comprise four pore-forming α-subunits that orchestrate essential duties such as voltage sensing and K+ selectivity and conductance. In vivo, however, Kv channels also incorporate regulatory subunits-some Kv channel specific, others more general modifiers of protein folding, trafficking, and function. Understanding all the above is essential for a complete picture of the role of Kv channels in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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9
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Mano R, Tanaka T, Hashiguchi S, Takahashi H, Sakata N, Kondo S, Kodama S. Induction of potassium channel regulator KCNE4 in a submandibular lymph node metastasis model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13208. [PMID: 35915077 PMCID: PMC9343410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often metastasize to the lymph nodes (LNs) before disseminating throughout the body. Clinically, LN metastasis correlates with poor prognosis and influences treatment options. Many studies have shown that cancer cells communicate with immune and stromal cells to prepare a suitable niche for metastasis. In this study, mice were injected with B16-F10 murine melanoma cells to generate a tongue submandibular lymph node (SLN) metastasis model in which genes of interest could be investigated. Microarray analyses were performed on SLNs, identifying 162 upregulated genes, some of which are known metastasis genes. Among these upregulated genes, Kcne4, Slc7a11, Fscn1, and Gadd45b were not associated with metastasis, and increased expression of Kcne4 and Slc7a11 was confirmed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The roles of KCNE4 in chemokine production and cell adhesion were examined using primary lymphatic endothelial cells, and demonstrated that Ccl17 and Ccl19, which are involved in melanoma metastasis, were upregulated by KCNE4, as well as Mmp3 matrix metalloproteinase. Expression of KCNE4 was detected in human LNs with metastatic melanoma. In conclusion, we found that LN metastatic melanoma induces KCNE4 expression in the endothelium of LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Mano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiho Hashiguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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10
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Wren G, Davies W. Sex-linked genetic mechanisms and atrial fibrillation risk. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104459. [PMID: 35189376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac condition characterised by an irregular heartbeat, atrial pathology and an elevated downstream risk of thrombosis and heart failure, as well as neurological sequelae including stroke and dementia. The prevalence and presentation of, risk factors for, and therapeutic responses to, AF differ by sex, and this sex bias may be partially explained in terms of genetics. Here, we consider four sex-linked genetic mechanisms that may influence sex-biased phenotypes related to AF and provide examples of each: X-linked gene dosage, X-linked genomic imprinting, sex-biased autosomal gene expression, and male-limited Y-linked gene expression. We highlight novel candidate risk genes and pathways that warrant further investigation in clinical and preclinical studies. Understanding the biological basis of sex differences in AF should allow better prediction of disease risk, identification of novel risk/protective factors, and the development of more effective sex-tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Davies
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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Navarro-García JA, Salguero-Bodes R, González-Lafuente L, Martín-Nunes L, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Bada-Bosch T, Hernández E, Mérida-Herrero E, Praga M, Solís J, Arribas F, Bueno H, Kuro-O M, Fernández-Velasco M, Ruilope LM, Delgado C, Ruiz-Hurtado G. The anti-aging factor Klotho protects against acquired long QT syndrome induced by uremia and promoted by fibroblast growth factor 23. BMC Med 2022; 20:14. [PMID: 35042527 PMCID: PMC8767669 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased propensity for arrhythmias. In this context, ventricular repolarization alterations have been shown to predispose to fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Between mineral bone disturbances in CKD patients, increased fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 and decreased Klotho are emerging as important effectors of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between imbalanced FGF23-Klotho axis and the development of cardiac arrhythmias in CKD remains unknown. METHODS We carried out a translational approach to study the relationship between the FGF23-Klotho signaling axis and acquired long QT syndrome in CKD-associated uremia. FGF23 levels and cardiac repolarization dynamics were analyzed in patients with dialysis-dependent CKD and in uremic mouse models of 5/6 nephrectomy (Nfx) and Klotho deficiency (hypomorphism), which show very high systemic FGF23 levels. RESULTS Patients in the top quartile of FGF23 levels had a higher occurrence of very long QT intervals (> 490 ms) than peers in the lowest quartile. Experimentally, FGF23 induced QT prolongation in healthy mice. Similarly, alterations in cardiac repolarization and QT prolongation were observed in Nfx mice and in Klotho hypomorphic mice. QT prolongation in Nfx mice was explained by a significant decrease in the fast transient outward potassium (K+) current (Itof), caused by the downregulation of K+ channel 4.2 subunit (Kv4.2) expression. Kv4.2 expression was also significantly reduced in ventricular cardiomyocytes exposed to FGF23. Enhancing Klotho availability prevented both long QT prolongation and reduced Itof current. Likewise, administration of recombinant Klotho blocked the downregulation of Kv4.2 expression in Nfx mice and in FGF23-exposed cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION The FGF23-Klotho axis emerges as a new therapeutic target to prevent acquired long QT syndrome in uremia by minimizing the predisposition to potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Navarro-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Salguero-Bodes
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Nunes
- Biomedical Research Institute Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)/CIBER-CV, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Bada-Bosch
- Service of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Hernández
- Service of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Praga
- Service of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Solís
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Arribas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Bueno
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Biomedical Research Institute Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)/CIBER-CV, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Martínez-Barrios E, Cesar S, Cruzalegui J, Hernandez C, Arbelo E, Fiol V, Brugada J, Brugada R, Campuzano O, Sarquella-Brugada G. Clinical Genetics of Inherited Arrhythmogenic Disease in the Pediatric Population. Biomedicines 2022; 10:106. [PMID: 35052786 PMCID: PMC8773373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden death is a rare event in the pediatric population but with a social shock due to its presentation as the first symptom in previously healthy children. Comprehensive autopsy in pediatric cases identify an inconclusive cause in 40-50% of cases. In such cases, a diagnosis of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome is suggested as the main potential cause of death. Molecular autopsy identifies nearly 30% of cases under 16 years of age carrying a pathogenic/potentially pathogenic alteration in genes associated with any inherited arrhythmogenic disease. In the last few years, despite the increasing rate of post-mortem genetic diagnosis, many families still remain without a conclusive genetic cause of the unexpected death. Current challenges in genetic diagnosis are the establishment of a correct genotype-phenotype association between genes and inherited arrhythmogenic disease, as well as the classification of variants of uncertain significance. In this review, we provide an update on the state of the art in the genetic diagnosis of inherited arrhythmogenic disease in the pediatric population. We focus on emerging publications on gene curation for genotype-phenotype associations, cases of genetic overlap and advances in the classification of variants of uncertain significance. Our goal is to facilitate the translation of genetic diagnosis to the clinical area, helping risk stratification, treatment and the genetic counselling of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Martínez-Barrios
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Sergi Cesar
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
| | - José Cruzalegui
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Clara Hernandez
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Elena Arbelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (R.B.)
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fiol
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Josep Brugada
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (R.B.)
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (R.B.)
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (R.B.)
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-B.); (S.C.); (J.C.); (C.H.); (V.F.); (J.B.)
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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13
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Sen S, Hallee L, Lam CK. The Potential of Gamma Secretase as a Therapeutic Target for Cardiac Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121294. [PMID: 34945766 PMCID: PMC8703931 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are some of the most common and pressing threats to human health worldwide. The American Heart Association and the National Institute of Health jointly work to annually update data on cardiac diseases. In 2018, 126.9 million Americans were reported as having some form of cardiac disorder, with an estimated direct and indirect total cost of USD 363.4 billion. This necessitates developing therapeutic interventions for heart diseases to improve human life expectancy and economic relief. In this review, we look into gamma-secretase as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac diseases. Gamma-secretase, an aspartyl protease enzyme, is responsible for the cleavage and activation of a number of substrates that are relevant to normal cardiac development and function as found in mutation studies. Some of these substrates are involved in downstream signaling processes and crosstalk with pathways relevant to heart diseases. Most of the substrates and signaling events we explored were found to be potentially beneficial to maintain cardiac function in diseased conditions. This review presents an updated overview of the current knowledge on gamma-secretase processing of cardiac-relevant substrates and seeks to understand if the modulation of gamma-secretase activity would be beneficial to combat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoita Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Logan Hallee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-3165
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14
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Crotti L, Odening KE, Sanguinetti MC. Heritable arrhythmias associated with abnormal function of cardiac potassium channels. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1542-1556. [PMID: 32227190 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes express a surprisingly large number of potassium channel types. The primary physiological functions of the currents conducted by these channels are to maintain the resting membrane potential and mediate action potential repolarization under basal conditions and in response to changes in the concentrations of intracellular sodium, calcium, and ATP/ADP. Here, we review the diversity and functional roles of cardiac potassium channels under normal conditions and how heritable mutations in the genes encoding these channels can lead to distinct arrhythmias. We briefly review atrial fibrillation and J-wave syndromes. For long and short QT syndromes, we describe their genetic basis, clinical manifestation, risk stratification, traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, as well as insights into disease mechanisms provided by animal and cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Translational Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Sanguinetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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15
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Díaz Del Moral S, Barrena S, Hernández-Torres F, Aránega A, Villaescusa JM, Gómez Doblas JJ, Franco D, Jiménez-Navarro M, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. Deletion of the Wilms' Tumor Suppressor Gene in the Cardiac Troponin-T Lineage Reveals Novel Functions of WT1 in Heart Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683861. [PMID: 34368133 PMCID: PMC8339973 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of Wilms’ tumor suppressor transcription factor (WT1) in the embryonic epicardium is essential for cardiac development, but its myocardial expression is little known. We have found that WT1 is expressed at low levels in 20–25% of the embryonic cardiomyocytes. Conditional ablation of WT1 using a cardiac troponin T driver (Tnnt2Cre) caused abnormal sinus venosus and atrium development, lack of pectinate muscles, thin ventricular myocardium and, in some cases, interventricular septum and cardiac wall defects, ventricular diverticula and aneurisms. Coronary development was normal and there was not embryonic lethality, although survival of adult mutant mice was reduced probably due to perinatal mortality. Adult mutant mice showed electrocardiographic anomalies, including increased RR and QRS intervals, and decreased PR intervals. RNASeq analysis identified differential expression of 137 genes in the E13.5 mutant heart as compared to controls. GO functional enrichment analysis suggested that both calcium ion regulation and modulation of potassium channels are deeply altered in the mutant myocardium. In summary, together with its essential function in the embryonic epicardium, myocardial WT1 expression is also required for normal cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barrena
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Manuel Villaescusa
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, University Hosp tal Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan José Gómez Doblas
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, University Hosp tal Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Navarro
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, University Hosp tal Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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16
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Control of Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties of Potassium Channels by Ancillary Subunits. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:445-480. [PMID: 34247280 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels facilitate and regulate physiological processes as diverse as electrical signaling, ion, solute and hormone secretion, fluid homeostasis, hearing, pain sensation, muscular contraction, and the heartbeat. Potassium channels are each formed by either a tetramer or dimer of pore-forming α subunits that co-assemble to create a multimer with a K+-selective pore that in most cases is capable of functioning as a discrete unit to pass K+ ions across the cell membrane. The reality in vivo, however, is that the potassium channel α subunit multimers co-assemble with ancillary subunits to serve specific physiological functions. The ancillary subunits impart specific physiological properties that are often required for a particular activity in vivo; in addition, ancillary subunit interaction often alters the pharmacology of the resultant complex. In this chapter the modes of action of ancillary subunits on K+ channel physiology and pharmacology are described and categorized into various mechanistic classes.
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17
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Roig SR, Solé L, Cassinelli S, Colomer-Molera M, Sastre D, Serrano-Novillo C, Serrano-Albarrás A, Lillo MP, Tamkun MM, Felipe A. Calmodulin-dependent KCNE4 dimerization controls membrane targeting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14046. [PMID: 34234241 PMCID: PMC8263776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 participates in the immune response. Kv1.3 is essential in different cellular functions, such as proliferation, activation and apoptosis. Because aberrant expression of Kv1.3 is linked to autoimmune diseases, fine-tuning its function is crucial for leukocyte physiology. Regulatory KCNE subunits are expressed in the immune system, and KCNE4 specifically tightly regulates Kv1.3. KCNE4 modulates Kv1.3 currents slowing activation, accelerating inactivation and retaining the channel at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby altering its membrane localization. In addition, KCNE4 genomic variants are associated with immune pathologies. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of KCNE4 function is extremely relevant for understanding immune system physiology. We demonstrate that KCNE4 dimerizes, which is unique among KCNE regulatory peptide family members. Furthermore, the juxtamembrane tetraleucine carboxyl-terminal domain of KCNE4 is a structural platform in which Kv1.3, Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) and dimerizing KCNE4 compete for multiple interaction partners. CaM-dependent KCNE4 dimerization controls KCNE4 membrane targeting and modulates its interaction with Kv1.3. KCNE4, which is highly retained at the ER, contains an important ER retention motif near the tetraleucine motif. Upon escaping the ER in a CaM-dependent pattern, KCNE4 follows a COP-II-dependent forward trafficking mechanism. Therefore, CaM, an essential signaling molecule that controls the dimerization and membrane targeting of KCNE4, modulates the KCNE4-dependent regulation of Kv1.3, which in turn fine-tunes leukocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Roig
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Solé
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Silvia Cassinelli
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sastre
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Serrano-Novillo
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano-Albarrás
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lillo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael M Tamkun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy enables quantification of potassium channel subunit dynamics and stoichiometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10719. [PMID: 34021177 PMCID: PMC8140153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are a family of membrane proteins that facilitate K+ ion diffusion across the plasma membrane, regulating both resting and action potentials. Kv channels comprise four pore-forming α subunits, each with a voltage sensing domain, and they are regulated by interaction with β subunits such as those belonging to the KCNE family. Here we conducted a comprehensive biophysical characterization of stoichiometry and protein diffusion across the plasma membrane of the epithelial KCNQ1-KCNE2 complex, combining total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and a series of complementary Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy (FFS) techniques. Using this approach, we found that KCNQ1-KCNE2 has a predominant 4:4 stoichiometry, while non-bound KCNE2 subunits are mostly present as dimers in the plasma membrane. At the same time, we identified unique spatio-temporal diffusion modalities and nano-environment organization for each channel subunit. These findings improve our understanding of KCNQ1-KCNE2 channel function and suggest strategies for elucidating the subunit stoichiometry and forces directing localization and diffusion of ion channel complexes in general.
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19
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Dutta RK, Larsson M, Arnesen T, Heie A, Walz M, Alesina P, Gimm O, Söderkvist P. X-chromosome variants are associated with aldosterone producing adenomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10562. [PMID: 34006971 PMCID: PMC8131628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are a major cause of primary aldosteronism (PA) and are characterized by constitutively producing aldosterone, which leads to hypertension. Several mutations have been identified in ion channels or ion channel-associated genes that result in APAs. To date, no studies have used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach to search for predisposing loci for APAs. Thus, we investigated Scandinavian APA cases (n = 35) and Swedish controls (n = 60) in a GWAS and discovered a susceptibility locus on chromosome Xq13.3 (rs2224095, OR = 7.9, 95% CI = 2.8-22.4, P = 1 × 10-7) in a 4-Mb region that was significantly associated with APA. Direct genotyping of sentinel SNP rs2224095 in a replication cohort of APAs (n = 83) and a control group (n = 740) revealed persistently strong significance (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 3.5-10.6, p < 0.0005). We sequenced an adjacent gene, MAGEE1, of the sentinel SNP and identified a rare variant in one APA, p.Gly327Glu, which is complementary to other mutations in our primary cohort. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were investigated on the X-chromosome, and 24 trans-eQTL were identified. Some of the genes identified by trans-eQTL point towards a novel mechanistic explanation for the association of the SNPs with APAs. In conclusion, our study provides further insights into the genetic basis of APAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Dutta
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Malin Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Arnesen
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Heie
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Walz
- Klinik Für Chirurgie and Zentrum Für Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Klinikum Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Piero Alesina
- Klinik Für Chirurgie and Zentrum Für Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Klinikum Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gimm
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
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20
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Gene expression profile in cases of infectious death in infancy. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:483-487. [PMID: 32299088 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic predispositions in cases suffering sudden unexpected infant death have been a research focus worldwide during the past decade. Despite large efforts, there is still uncertainty concerning the molecular pathogenesis of these deaths. With genetic technology in constant development, the possibility of an alternative approach into this research field has become available, like mRNA expression studies. METHODS In this study, we investigated mRNA gene expression in 14 cases who died suddenly and unexpectedly from infection without a history of severe illness prior to death. The control group included eight accidents, two cases of natural death, one undetermined, one case of medical malpractice, and two homicides. The study included tissue from liver, heart, and brain using Illumina whole-genome gene expression assay. RESULTS From the array, 19 genes showed altered expression in the infectious deaths compared to controls. Tissue from the heart showed 15 genes with altered mRNA expression compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of KCNE5 in heart tissue from cases of infectious death was of particular interest. Variants of KCNE5 are associated with Brugada syndrome and sudden death and could be responsible for the fatal outcome in the group of infectious death. IMPACT KCNE5 is downregulated in tissue from the heart in cases of infectious death in infancy. This study provides knowledge about the gene expression profile in cases of infectious death. Variants of a gene known to give increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia is downregulated in cases of infectious death in infancy. The results could give us better knowledge as to why some infants do not survive an infection. This study provides a candidate gene for future studies.
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21
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van der Horst J, Greenwood IA, Jepps TA. Cyclic AMP-Dependent Regulation of Kv7 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels. Front Physiol 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32695022 PMCID: PMC7338754 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv7 potassium channels, encoded by KCNQ genes, have major physiological impacts cardiac myocytes, neurons, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a well-known intracellular secondary messenger, can activate numerous downstream effector proteins, generating downstream signaling pathways that regulate many functions in cells. A role for cAMP in ion channel regulation has been established, and recent findings show that cAMP signaling plays a role in Kv7 channel regulation. Although cAMP signaling is recognized to regulate Kv7 channels, the precise molecular mechanism behind the cAMP-dependent regulation of Kv7 channels is complex. This review will summarize recent research findings that support the mechanisms of cAMP-dependent regulation of Kv7 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer van der Horst
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Mondejar-Parreño G, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A. Kv7 Channels in Lung Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32676036 PMCID: PMC7333540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases constitute a global health concern causing disability. According to WHO in 2016, respiratory diseases accounted for 24% of world population mortality, the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. The Kv7 channels family is a group of voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) encoded by KCNQ genes that are involved in various physiological functions in numerous cell types, especially, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons, and epithelial cells. Kv7 channel α-subunits are regulated by KCNE1–5 ancillary β-subunits, which modulate several characteristics of Kv7 channels such as biophysical properties, cell-location, channel trafficking, and pharmacological sensitivity. Kv7 channels are mainly expressed in two large groups of lung tissues: pulmonary arteries (PAs) and bronchial tubes. In PA, Kv7 channels are expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs); while in the airway (trachea, bronchus, and bronchioles), Kv7 channels are expressed in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), airway epithelial cells (AEPs), and vagal airway C-fibers (VACFs). The functional role of Kv7 channels may vary depending on the cell type. Several studies have demonstrated that the impairment of Kv7 channel has a strong impact on pulmonary physiology contributing to the pathophysiology of different respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic coughing, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. Kv7 channels are now recognized as playing relevant physiological roles in many tissues, which have encouraged the search for Kv7 channel modulators with potential therapeutic use in many diseases including those affecting the lung. Modulation of Kv7 channels has been proposed to provide beneficial effects in a number of lung conditions. Therefore, Kv7 channel openers/enhancers or drugs acting partly through these channels have been proposed as bronchodilators, expectorants, antitussives, chemotherapeutics and pulmonary vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
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23
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A Family of Auxiliary Subunits of the TRP Cation Channel Encoded by the Complex inaF Locus. Genetics 2020; 215:713-728. [PMID: 32434796 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRP channels function in many types of sensory receptor cells. Despite extensive analyses, an open question is whether there exists a family of auxiliary subunits, which could influence localization, trafficking, and function of TRP channels. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster, we reveal a previously unknown TRP interacting protein, INAF-C, which is expressed exclusively in the ultraviolet-sensing R7 photoreceptor cells. INAF-C is encoded by an unusual locus comprised of four distinct coding regions, which give rise to four unique single-transmembrane-containing proteins. With the exception of INAF-B, roles for the other INAF proteins were unknown. We found that both INAF-B and INAF-C are required for TRP stability and localization in R7 cells. Conversely, loss of just INAF-B greatly reduced TRP from other types of photoreceptor cells, but not R7. The requirements for TRP and INAF are reciprocal, since loss of TRP decreased the concentrations of both INAF-B and INAF-C. INAF-A, which is not normally expressed in photoreceptor cells, can functionally substitute for INAF-B, indicating that it is a third TRP auxiliary protein. Reminiscent of the structural requirements between Kv channels and KCNE auxiliary subunits, the codependencies of TRP and INAF depended on several transmembrane domains (TMDs) in TRP, and the TMD and the C-terminus of INAF-B. Our studies support a model in which the inaF locus encodes a family of at least three TRP auxiliary subunits.
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24
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Solé L, Sastre D, Colomer-Molera M, Vallejo-Gracia A, Roig SR, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Lillo P, Tamkun MM, Felipe A. Functional Consequences of the Variable Stoichiometry of the Kv1.3-KCNE4 Complex. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051128. [PMID: 32370164 PMCID: PMC7290415 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 plays a crucial role during the immune response. The channel forms oligomeric complexes by associating with several modulatory subunits. KCNE4, one of the five members of the KCNE family, binds to Kv1.3, altering channel activity and membrane expression. The association of KCNEs with Kv channels is the subject of numerous studies, and the stoichiometry of such associations has led to an ongoing debate. The number of KCNE4 subunits that can interact and modulate Kv1.3 is unknown. KCNE4 transfers important elements to the Kv1.3 channelosome that negatively regulate channel function, thereby fine-tuning leukocyte physiology. The aim of this study was to determine the stoichiometry of the functional Kv1.3-KCNE4 complex. We demonstrate that as many as four KCNE4 subunits can bind to the same Kv1.3 channel, indicating a variable Kv1.3-KCNE4 stoichiometry. While increasing the number of KCNE4 subunits steadily slowed the activation of the channel and decreased the abundance of Kv1.3 at the cell surface, the presence of a single KCNE4 peptide was sufficient for the cooperative enhancement of the inactivating function of the channel. This variable architecture, which depends on KCNE4 availability, differentially affects Kv1.3 function. Therefore, our data indicate that the physiological remodeling of KCNE4 triggers functional consequences for Kv1.3, thus affecting cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Solé
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Daniel Sastre
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
| | - Albert Vallejo-Gracia
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sara R. Roig
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
- Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pilar Lillo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Michael M. Tamkun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (D.S.); (M.C.-M.); (A.V.-G.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934034616; Fax: +34-934021559
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25
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Zhou L, Köhncke C, Hu Z, Roepke TK, Abbott GW. The KCNE2 potassium channel β subunit is required for normal lung function and resilience to ischemia and reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:9762-9774. [PMID: 31162977 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802519r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The KCNE2 single transmembrane-spanning voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel β subunit is ubiquitously expressed and essential for normal function of a variety of cell types, often via regulation of the KCNQ1 Kv channel. A polymorphism upstream of KCNE2 is associated with reduced lung function in human populations, but the pulmonary consequences of KCNE2 gene disruption are unknown. Here, germline deletion of mouse Kcne2 reduced pulmonary expression of potassium channel α subunits Kcnq1 and Kcnb1 but did not alter expression of other Kcne genes. Kcne2 colocalized and coimmunoprecipitated with Kcnq1 in mouse lungs, suggesting the formation of pulmonary Kcnq1-Kcne2 potassium channel complexes. Kcne2 deletion reduced blood O2, increased CO2, increased pulmonary apoptosis, and increased inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, and leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Consistent with increased pulmonary vascular leakage, Kcne2 deletion increased plasma, BAL albumin, and the BAL:plasma albumin concentration ratio. Kcne2-/- mouse lungs exhibited baseline induction of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway but were less able to respond via this pathway to imposed pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We conclude that KCNE2 regulates KCNQ1 in the lungs and is required for normal lung function and resistance to pulmonary IRI. Our data support a causal relationship between KCNE2 gene disruption and lung dysfunction.-Zhou, L., Köhncke, C., Hu, Z., Roepke, T. K., Abbott, G. W. The KCNE2 potassium channel β subunit is required for normal lung function and resilience to ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Clemens Köhncke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Torsten K Roepke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité-Berlin University of Medicine Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology Klinikum Niederlausitz, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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26
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Shufelt CL, Pacheco C, Tweet MS, Miller VM. Sex-Specific Physiology and Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1065:433-454. [PMID: 30051400 PMCID: PMC6768431 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular diseases can be classified as those which are specific to one sex and those that differ in incidence, prevalence, etiology, symptomatology, response to treatment, morbidity, and mortality in one sex compared to the other. All sex differences in cardiovascular conditions have their basis in the combined expression of genetic and hormonal differences between women and men. This chapter addresses how understanding basic mechanisms of hormone responses, imaging diagnostics, and integration of genomics and proteomics has advanced diagnosis and improved outcomes for cardiovascular conditions, apart from those related to pregnancy that are more prevalent in women. These conditions include obstructive coronary artery disease, coronary microvascular dysfunction, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, diseases of the cardiac muscle including heart failure and takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and conditions related to neurovascular dysregulation including hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause and effects of exogenous hormones on vascular function. Improvement in technologies allowing for noninvasive assessment of neuronally mediated vascular reactivity will further improve our understanding of the basic etiology of the neurovascular disorders. Consideration of sex, hormonal status, and pregnancy history in diagnosis and treatment protocols will improve prevention and outcomes of cardiovascular disease in women as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisandra L Shufelt
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Insititute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christine Pacheco
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Insititute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marysia S Tweet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Surgery and Physiology, Women's Health Research Center, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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27
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Poreau B, Ramond F, Harbuz R, Satre V, Barro C, Vettier C, Adouard V, Thevenon J, Jouk PS, Coutton C, Touraine R, Dieterich K. Xq22.3q23 microdeletion harboring TMEM164 and AMMECR1 genes: Two case reports confirming a recognizable phenotype with short stature, midface hypoplasia, intellectual delay, and elliptocytosis. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:650-654. [PMID: 30737907 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The AMME syndrome defined as the combination of Alport syndrome, intellectual disability, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis (AMME) is known to be a contiguous gene syndrome associated with microdeletions in the region Xq22.3q23. Recently, using exome sequencing, missense pathogenic variants in AMMECR1 have been associated with intellectual disability, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis. In these cases, AMMECR1 gene appears to be responsible for most of the clinical features of the AMME syndrome except for Alport syndrome. In this article, we present two unrelated male patients with short stature, mild intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, and elliptocytosis harboring small microdeletions identified by array-CGH involving TMEM164 and AMMECR1 genes and SNORD96B small nucleolar RNA for one patient, inherited from their mothers. These original cases further confirm that most specific AMME features are ascribed to AMMECR1 haploinsufficiency. These cases reporting the smallest microdeletions encompassing AMMECR1 gene provide new evidence for involvement of AMMECR1 in the AMME phenotype and permit to discuss a phenotype related to AMMECR1 haploinsufficiency: developmental delay/intellectual deficiency, midface hypoplasia, midline defect, deafness, and short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Poreau
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Francis Ramond
- Département de Génétique Clinique, Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Radu Harbuz
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Satre
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility" Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
| | - Claire Barro
- Département d'Hématologie, Oncogénétique, Immunologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Claire Vettier
- Département d'Hématologie, Oncogénétique, Immunologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Adouard
- Département de Génétique Clinique, Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility" Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Département de Génétique Clinique, Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
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28
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David JP, Lisewski U, Crump SM, Jepps TA, Bocksteins E, Wilck N, Lossie J, Roepke TK, Schmitt N, Abbott GW. Deletion in mice of X-linked, Brugada syndrome- and atrial fibrillation-associated Kcne5 augments ventricular K V currents and predisposes to ventricular arrhythmia. FASEB J 2018; 33:2537-2552. [PMID: 30289750 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800502r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
KCNE5 is an X-linked gene encoding KCNE5, an ancillary subunit to voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels. Human KCNE5 mutations are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF)- and Brugada syndrome (BrS)-induced cardiac arrhythmias that can arise from increased potassium current in cardiomyocytes. Seeking to establish underlying molecular mechanisms, we created and studied Kcne5 knockout ( Kcne5-/0) mice. Intracardiac ECG revealed that Kcne5 deletion caused ventricular premature beats, increased susceptibility to induction of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (60 vs. 24% in Kcne5+/0 mice), and 10% shorter ventricular refractory period. Kcne5 deletion increased mean ventricular myocyte KV current density in the apex and also in the subpopulation of septal myocytes that lack fast transient outward current ( Ito,f). The current increases arose from an apex-specific increase in slow transient outward current-1 ( IKslow,1) (conducted by KV1.5) and Ito,f (conducted by KV4) and an increase in IKslow,2 (conducted by KV2.1) in both apex and septum. Kcne5 protein localized to the intercalated discs in ventricular myocytes, where KV2.1 was also detected in both Kcne5-/0 and Kcne5+/0 mice. In HL-1 cardiac cells and human embryonic kidney cells, KCNE5 and KV2.1 colocalized at the cell surface, but predominantly in intracellular vesicles, suggesting that Kcne5 deletion increases IK,slow2 by reducing KV2.1 intracellular sequestration. The human AF-associated mutation KCNE5-L65F negative shifted the voltage dependence of KV2.1-KCNE5 channels, increasing their maximum current density >2-fold, whereas BrS-associated KCNE5 mutations produced more subtle negative shifts in KV2.1 voltage dependence. The findings represent the first reported native role for Kcne5 and the first demonstrated Kcne regulation of KV2.1 in mouse heart. Increased KV current is a manifestation of KCNE5 disruption that is most likely common to both mouse and human hearts, providing a plausible mechanistic basis for human KCNE5-linked AF and BrS.-David, J.-P., Lisewski, U., Crump, S. M., Jepps, T. A., Bocksteins, E., Wilck, N., Lossie, J., Roepke, T. K., Schmitt, N., Abbott, G. W. Deletion in mice of X-linked, Brugada syndrome- and atrial fibrillation-associated Kcne5 augments ventricular KV currents and predisposes to ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Peter David
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Lisewski
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shawn M Crump
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; and
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elke Bocksteins
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lossie
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten K Roepke
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; and
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29
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Lin Y, Huang J, He S, Feng R, Zhong Z, Liu Y, Ye W, Li X, Liao H, Fei H, Rao F, Shan Z, Deng C, Zhan X, Xue Y, Liu H, Zhang B, Wang K, Zhang Q, Wu S, Lin X. Case report of familial sudden cardiac death caused by a DSG2 p.F531C mutation as genetic background when carrying with heterozygous KCNE5 p.D92E/E93X mutation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:148. [PMID: 30129429 PMCID: PMC6102856 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) induced by malignant ventricular tachycardia (MVT) among young adults with right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is a devastating event. Parts of ARVC/D patients have a mutation in genes encoding components of cardiac desmosomes, such as desmoglein-2 (DSG2), plakophilin-2 and desmoplakin. Case presentation Here we report a potentially pathogenic mutation in the DSG2 gene, which was identified in a family with ARVC/D using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Sanger Sequencing. In all, Patient III:1 with ARVC/D carried the compound heterozygous mutations of DSG2 p.F531C and KCNE5 p.D92E/E93X, which were both inherited from her mother (II:2), who died of SCD. Carriers of DSG2p.F531C showed various phenotypes, such as ARVC/D, SCD, MVT and dilated cardiomyopathy. For III:1, there were significant low-voltage regions in the inferior-apical, inferior-lateral wall of the right ventricular epicardium and outflow tracts of the right ventricle. Under the guidance of a three-dimensional mapping system, MVT was successfully ablated with an epicardial–endocardial approach targeting for late, double or fragmental potentials after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) electrical storms. No VT recurrence was observed during the one year of follow-up. Conclusions When coexisting with heterozygous KCNE5 p.D92E/E93X, heterozygous DSG2 p.F531C as a genetic background was found to predispose to ARVC/D, SCD and MVT, which were successfully ablated using an epicardial–endocardial approach. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0580-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubi Lin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention, Interventional Medical Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiana Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention, Interventional Medical Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.,Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Siqi He
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention, Interventional Medical Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.,Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ruiling Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention, Interventional Medical Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.,Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - ZhiAn Zhong
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Ye
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Fei
- Department of Echocardiography, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhang Zhan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Xue
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation at The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhuan Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated to Medical school of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080/520006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiufang Lin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention, Interventional Medical Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.
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Fosmo AL, Skraastad ØB. The Kv7 Channel and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:75. [PMID: 29259974 PMCID: PMC5723334 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels play a pivotal role in the regulation of excitability in cells such as neurons, cardiac myocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The KCNQ (Kv7) family of voltage-activated K+ channels hyperpolarizes the cell and stabilizes the membrane potential. Here, we outline how Kv7 channel activity may contribute to the development of the cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Questions and hypotheses regarding previous and future research have been raised. Alterations in the Kv7 channel may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pharmacological modification of Kv7 channels may represent a possible treatment for CVD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Fosmo
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind B Skraastad
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Abbott GW. β Subunits Control the Effects of Human Kv4.3 Potassium Channel Phosphorylation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:646. [PMID: 28919864 PMCID: PMC5585193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient outward K+ current, Ito, activates early in the cardiac myocyte action potential, to begin repolarization. Human Ito is generated primarily by two Kv4.3 potassium channel α subunit splice variants (Kv4.3L and Kv4.3S) that diverge only by a C-terminal, membrane-proximal, 19-residue stretch unique to Kv4.3L. Protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of threonine 504 within the Kv4.3L-specific 19-residues mediates α-adrenergic inhibition of Ito in human heart. Kv4.3 is regulated in human heart by various β subunits, including cytosolic KChIP2b and transmembrane KCNEs, yet their impact on the functional effects of human Kv4.3 phosphorylation has not been reported. Here, this gap in knowledge was addressed using human Kv4.3 splice variants, T504 mutants, and human β subunits. Subunits were co-expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzed by two-electrode voltage-clamp, using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to stimulate PKC. Unexpectedly, KChIP2b removed the inhibitory effect of PKC on Kv4.3L (but not Kv4.3L threonine phosphorylation by PKC per-se), while co-expression with KCNE2, but not KCNE4, restored PKC-dependent inhibition of Kv4.3L-KChIP2b to quantitatively resemble previously reported effects of α-adrenergic modulation of human ventricular Ito. In addition, PKC accelerated recovery from inactivation of Kv4.3L-KChIP2b channels and, interestingly, of both Kv4.3L and Kv4.3S alone. Thus, β subunits regulate the response of human Kv4.3 to PKC phosphorylation and provide a potential mechanism for modifying the response of Ito to α-adrenergic regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, IrvineIrvine, CA, United States
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Abbott GW. Chansporter complexes in cell signaling. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2556-2576. [PMID: 28718502 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels facilitate diffusion of ions across cell membranes for such diverse purposes as neuronal signaling, muscular contraction, and fluid homeostasis. Solute transporters often utilize ionic gradients to move aqueous solutes up their concentration gradient, also fulfilling a wide variety of tasks. Recently, an increasing number of ion channel-transporter ('chansporter') complexes have been discovered. Chansporter complex formation may overcome what could otherwise be considerable spatial barriers to rapid signal integration and feedback between channels and transporters, the ions and other substrates they transport, and environmental factors to which they must respond. Here, current knowledge in this field is summarized, covering both heterologous expression structure/function findings and potential mechanisms by which chansporter complexes fulfill contrasting roles in cell signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Abbott GW. β Subunits Functionally Differentiate Human Kv4.3 Potassium Channel Splice Variants. Front Physiol 2017; 8:66. [PMID: 28228734 PMCID: PMC5296356 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ventricular cardiomyocyte transient outward K+ current (Ito) mediates the initial phase of myocyte repolarization and its disruption is implicated in Brugada Syndrome and heart failure (HF). Human cardiac Ito is generated primarily by two Kv4.3 splice variants (Kv4.3L and Kv4.3S, diverging only by a C-terminal, S6-proximal, 19-residue stretch unique to Kv4.3L), which are differentially remodeled in HF, but considered functionally alike at baseline. Kv4.3 is regulated in human heart by β subunits including KChIP2b and KCNEs, but their effects were previously assumed to be Kv4.3 isoform-independent. Here, this assumption was tested experimentally using two-electrode voltage-clamp analysis of human subunits co-expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Unexpectedly, Kv4.3L-KChIP2b channels exhibited up to 8-fold lower current augmentation, 40% slower inactivation, and 5 mV-shifted steady-state inactivation compared to Kv4.3S-KChIP2b. A synthetic peptide mimicking the 19-residue stretch diminished these differences, reinforcing the importance of this segment in mediating Kv4.3 regulation by KChIP2b. KCNE subunits induced further functional divergence, including a 7-fold increase in Kv4.3S-KCNE4-KChIP2b current compared to Kv4.3L-KCNE4-KChIP2b. The discovery of β-subunit-dependent functional divergence in human Kv4.3 splice variants suggests a C-terminal signaling hub is crucial to governing β-subunit effects upon Kv4.3, and demonstrates the potential significance of differential Kv4.3 gene-splicing and β subunit expression in myocyte physiology and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
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