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Shi C, Tang Z, Jin Z, Huang S, Xu X, Qu C, Lin TH. Characterization of DmToll and DmToll7 homologue in Litopenaeus vannamei based on structure analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 158:105209. [PMID: 38838948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize invading pathogens and activate downstream signaling pathways. The number of 10 Tolls is found in Litopenaeus vannamei but have not yet been identified as the corresponding Toll homologue of model animal. In this study, we predicted the three-dimensional (3D) structures of 10 LvTolls (LvToll1-10) with AlphaFold2 program. The per-residue local distance difference test (pLDDT) scores of LvTolls showed the predicted structure of LvTolls had high accuracy (pLDDT>70). By structural analysis, 3D structures of LvToll2 and LvToll3 had high similarity with Drosophila melanogaster Toll and Toll7, respectively. 3D structure of LvToll7 and LvToll10 were not similar to that of other LvTolls. Moreover, we also predicted that LvSpätzle4 had high structural similarity to DmSpätzle. There were 9 potential hydrogen bonds in LvToll2-LvSpätzle4 complex. Importantly, co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that LvToll2 could bind with LvSpätzle4. Collectively, this study provides new insight for researching invertebrate immunity by identifying the protein of model animal homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhuyun Tang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Ta-Hui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China.
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Gong X, Hu F, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. The interactions between CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Toll-like receptors in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 155:105157. [PMID: 38423492 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), as a novel type of adjuvant with immunomodulatory effects, are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in Litopenaeus vannamei. In the present study, eleven LvTLRs-pCMV recombinants (rLvTLRs) were constructed to investigate the relationships between various CpG ODNs and different LvTLRs in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells, which was further confirmed by bio-layer interferometry (BLI) technique. The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that every LvTLR could activate multiple downstream genes, mainly including NF-κB, CREB, ISRE, IL-6-promoter, TNF-α-promoter and Myc, thereby inducing main signaling pathways in shrimps. Most CpG ODNs possessed affinities to more than one LvTLR, while each LvTLR could recognize multiple CpG ODNs, and the widely recognized ligands within CpG ODNs are A-class and B-class. Moreover, BLI analysis showed that CpG 2216, Cpg 2006, CpG 2143 and CpG 21425 exhibited dose-dependent affinity to the expressed TLR protein, which were consistent with the results in HEK293T cells. It suggested that the interactions of CpG ODNs with LvTLRs were indispensable for the immune regulation triggered by CpG ODNs, and these findings would lay foundations for studying the activations of LvTLRs to immune signaling pathways and shedding lights on the immune functions and mechanisms of CpG ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China
| | - Feng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China; Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou, 061101, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Peng B, Lin J, Wan H, Zou P, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Identification of toll-like receptor family and the immune function of new Sptlr-6 gene of Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109609. [PMID: 38705549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), the Tolls/Toll-like receptors (TLRs) gene family has been proven to be involved in innate immunity in crustaceans. In this study, nine members of TLR gene family were identified from the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) transcriptome, and the structure and phylogeny of different SpTLRs were analyzed. It was found that different SpTLRs possessed three conserved structures in the TIR domain. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of different Sptlr genes in examined tissues detected by qRT-PCR had wide differences. Compared with other Sptlr genes, Sptlr-6 gene was significantly highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and less expressed in other tissues. Therefore, the function of Sptlr-6 was further investigated. The expression of the Sptlr-6 gene was up-regulated by Poly I: C, PGN stimulation and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. In addition, the silencing of Sptlr-6 in hepatopancreas mediated by RNAi technology resulted in the significant decrease of several conserved genes involved in innate immunity in mud crab after V. parahaemolyticus infection, including relish, myd88, dorsal, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 2 (ALF-2) and glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide (glyamp). This study provided new knowledge for the role of the Sptlr-6 gene in defense against V. parahaemolyticus infection in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jiaming Lin
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
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Ali Mohammadie Kojour M, Jang HA, Lee YS, Jo YH, Han YS. Innate Immune Response of TmToll-3 Following Systemic Microbial Infection in Tenebrio molitor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076751. [PMID: 37047723 PMCID: PMC10095136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Toll-like receptors have been widely identified and functionally characterized in mammalian models and Drosophila, the immunological function of these receptors in other insects remains unclear. Here, we explored the relevant innate immune response of Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) Toll-3 against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungal infections. Our findings indicated that TmToll-3 expression was mainly induced by Candida albicans infections in the fat bodies, gut, Malpighian tubules, and hemolymph of young T. molitor larvae. Surprisingly, Escherichia coli systemic infection caused mortality after TmToll-3 knockdown via RNA interference (RNAi) injection, which was not observed in the control group. Further analyses indicated that in the absence of TmToll-3, the final effector of the Toll signaling pathway, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and relevant transcription factors were significantly downregulated after E. coli challenge. Our results indicated that the expression of almost all AMP genes was suppressed in silenced individuals, whereas the expression of relevant genes was positively regulated after fungal injection. Therefore, this study revealed the immunological involvement of TmToll-3 in T. molitor in response to systematic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Wan H, Mu S, Baohua D, Guo S, Kang X. Genome-wide investigation of toll-like receptor genes (TLRs) in Procambarus clarkia and their expression pattern in response to black may disease. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:775-784. [PMID: 36332795 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial component of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and defending against invading pathogens, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been paid extensive attention. While the identification and functional roles of TLRs in innate immunity have been reported in a plenty of organisms, the systematic knowledge of TLRs is still lacking in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). In current study, a total of 7 tlr genes were identified in P. clarkia based on the published transcriptome and genome data. The PcTLRs length varied from 939 to 1517aa and contain typical domains of TLR protein, including transmembrane region, varied LRR and TIR domains. 7 Pctlr genes were distributed in 5 chromosomes and 2 scaffolds. The expression pattern of different Pctlr genes in different tissues (hepatopancreas, gill and muscle) and in response to black may disease (BMD) showed significant difference. In addition, 5 proteins that might interact with PcTLR-2 were predicted, among them the expression pattern of dorsal and relish was consistent with Pctlr-2 in three tissues, while the other genes were not. The PcTLR-2-Dorsal/Relish pathway might play crucial roles in response to BMD infection. The results provided a theoretical foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of TLRs in BMD infection in the red swamp crayfish and provided reference for the research of other crustacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifu Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Shumei Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Duan Baohua
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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Qin Y, Luo Z, Zhao K, Nan X, Guo Y, Li W, Wang Q. A new SVWC protein functions as a pattern recognition protein in antibacterial responses in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheirsinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1125-1135. [PMID: 36402266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because invertebrates lack acquired immunity, they rely primarily on the innate immune system to defend themselves against viral and bacterial infections. SVWC, also called Vago, is a class of small-molecule proteins characterized by a single von Willebrand factor C-domain and appears to be restricted to arthropods. It has been reported that SVWC is involved in antiviral immunity in invertebrates, but whether it is involved in antimicrobial immunity and the mechanism of its involvement in antimicrobial immunity remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel SVWC gene in Eriocheir sinensis and named it EsSVWC. EsSVWC was found to respond positively to bacterial stimulation and to regulate the expression of related antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The EsSVWC protein recognized and bound to a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) but did not exhibit direct bactericidal effects. Thus, the EsSVWC protein in crabs helps resist bacterial infection and improve survival rates. In summary, EsSVWC may regulate the innate immune system of crabs in response to microbial invasion in an indirect manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Qin
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Nan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang O, Mi H, Yi J, Cai S. Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in rat pups via regulating the expressions of key proteins involved in multiple signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115103. [PMID: 35157955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Based on ancient records and previous studies, many parts of Rhus chinensis Mill., including the fruits, have good preventive and therapeutic effects on inflammation, malaria, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal diseases. Rhus plants and Galla chinensis produced from R. chinensis leaves can also prevent or cure intestinal diseases. However, the preventive effect and molecular mechanisms of R. chinensis fruits on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) have not been comprehensively studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This article aims to estimate the effect of the 80% ethanol extract of R. chinensis fruits (RM) on alleviating NEC in rat pups and illustrate the potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat pups were subjected to formula feeding, intermittent hypoxic, and cold stresses to establish the NEC model. The preventive effects of RM on NEC were evaluated through survival rate; clinical sickness index; macroscopic conditions; histopathology; and expression levels of inflammatory markers (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), oxidative stress indicators (i.e., total antioxidant status [TAS], total oxidant status [TOS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], myeloperoxidase [MPO], malondialdehyde [MDA]), and tight junction proteins (i.e., Zonula Occludens 1 [ZO-1], Occludin). Moreover, the expression levels of several key proteins involved in oxidative stress (i.e., nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2], NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase-1 [NQO1]), inflammation (i.e., Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4], phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa-B [p-NF-κB], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]), and apoptosis (i.e., cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 [cleaved Caspase-3], Bcl-2-associated X [Bax], B-cell lymphoma-2 [Bcl-2]) in intestinal tissues were analyzed to clarify the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The extract particularly high doses (400 mg RM/kg body weight) could remarkably reduce the mortality and clinical sickness score and improve the macroscopic condition and histopathological injury of the intestine in NEC pups. After RM administration, the levels of TOS, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, and MDA in the bowel tissue decreased, whereas the levels of TAS, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly enhanced. The expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins were dramatically augmented in RM-treated groups to maintain intestinal barrier integrity. Further analyses revealed that RM might prevent NEC pups by improving some pivotal proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of enterocytes, namely, by down-regulating the levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB, iNOS, cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax and up-regulating the levels of Bcl-2, NQO1, and Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS The RM prevented the intestinal inflammation and damage caused by NEC by regulating the expression of several pivotal proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This study might provide a scientific basis for R. chinensis fruits as a traditional herbal medicine to prevent and/or alleviate NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Mi
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Xing K, Liu Y, Yan C, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Sun Y, Zhang J. Transcriptomic analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis hepatopancreas indicates immune changes after copper exposure. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:23-30. [PMID: 34742901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neocaridina denticulate sinensis is a promising crustacean model species due to its merits in raising and breeding. However, its molecular responses to copper remains largely unknown. In the present research, RNA-seq was used to mine the alteration in transcriptome of N. denticulate sinensis hepatopancreas under copper exposure. A total of 16,423 DEGs was identified between control and Cu2+ treatment groups. GO enrichment analysis of all DEGs suggested down-regulated genes exceeded up-regulated genes in all the significantly enriched terms, except for RNA polymerase III complex (GO:0005666). KEGG analysis showed Cu exposure only induced two significantly enriched pathways, including Phagosome (ko04145) and Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection (ko05130). Besides, pattern recognition receptors as Toll, lectin B, CTL1 and SRB, AMPs as crustin type I, lysozyme, and NOS were down-regulated after Cu2+ exposure, while hemocyanin, MT, HSP70 and HSP90 were significantly up-regulated, implying these molecules may play vital role in Cu2+ detoxification of N. denticulate sinensis. Our results here provide research direction of heavy metal detoxification of N. denticulate sinensis, simultaneously enriched its genomic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Ding D, Sun XJ, Yan M, Chen Q, Gao L, Kang CJ. The ECSIT Mediated Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs Pathway Inhibits Bacterial Amplification in Kuruma Shrimp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807326. [PMID: 35173723 PMCID: PMC8841768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in animal innate immunity. However, its activation and signal transmission greatly differ across species and need to be investigated. Shrimp farming is a worldwide economic activity affected by bacterial disease from the 1990s, which promoted research on shrimp immunity. In this study, we first proved that, among the three identified Toll receptors in Marsupenaeus japonicus kuruma shrimp, Toll 3 plays a pivotal role in initiating the antibacterial response in vivo, especially upon anti-Staphylococcus aureus infection. Further research showed that this result was due to the activation of the Dorsal transcription factor, which induced the expression of two anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (Alfs). Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways, ECSIT, was proved to be needed for signal transmission from Toll 3 to Dorsal and the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. Finally, the mortality assay showed that a Toll3-ECSIT-Dorsal-Alf axis was functional in the anti-S.aureus immunity of M. japonicus shrimp. The results provide new insights into the function and signal transduction of the Toll pathway in aquatic species and offer basic knowledge for shrimp disease control and genetic breeding.
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Wu M, Zhu KC, Guo HY, Guo L, Liu B, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Characterization, expression and function analysis of the TLR3 gene in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:103977. [PMID: 33340590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are important in invertebrate innate immunity for the recognition and elimination of pathogens. Although they were reported in many fishes, Toll-like receptors subfamily contain a large number of members with different functions that need to research in deep. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of TLR3 from the golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, was cloned and characterized. The full length of ToTLR3 cDNA was 3710 bp including an open reading frame of 2760 bp encoding a peptide of 919 amino acids. The derived amino acids sequence comprised of 14 leucine-rich repeats (LRR), capped with LRRCT followed by transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1R domain (TIR). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ToTLR3 shared the highest similarity to the teleost fish and suggested ToTLR3 is fairly conservative in evolution process. Tissues distribution analysis indicated that ToTLR3 showed a tissue-specific variation with high expression in blood and liver. After the fish were stimulated by poly(I:C), flagellin and LPS, ToTLR3 expression in the liver, intestine, blood, kidney, skin and muscle was significantly upregulated in a time-depended manner, especially in immune related tissues such as liver, blood and kidney. Binding assay revealed the specificity of rToTLR3 for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria that included Vibrio harveyi, V. vulnificus, V. anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus and PolyI:C, LPS, Flagellin, and PGN. In addition, a luciferase reporter assay showed that overexpression ToTLR3 significantly increased NF-κB activity. Collectively, our results suggested that ToTLR3 might play an important role as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in the immune response towards pathogen infections, and transmiss the danger signal to downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 572018 Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 572018 Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 572018 Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 572018 Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, 572018, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 572018 Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, 572018, Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
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Transcriptome reveals the important role of metabolic imbalances, immune disorders and apoptosis in the treatment of Procambarus clarkii at super high temperature. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100781. [PMID: 33316578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor in the living environment of crustaceans. Changes in temperature can affect their normal growth and metabolism and even cause bacterial disease. Currently, the potential anti-reverse molecular reaction mechanism of crustaceans during high-temperature conditions has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we characterised the transcriptome of Procambarus clarkii using RNA sequencing and performed a comparison between super-high-temperature treated samples and controls. After assembly and annotation, 81,097 unigenes with an average length of 069 bp and 358 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, 264 were differentially upregulated and 94 were differentially downregulated. To obtain comprehensive gene function information, we queried seven databases, namely, Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, and GO to annotate gene functions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the identified DEGs have significant effects on immune-related pathways, including lysosomal and phagosomal pathways, and that super-high-temperature conditions can cause disease in P. clarkii. Some significantly downregulated genes are involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the PPAR signalling pathway; this suggests a metabolic imbalance in P. clarkia during extreme temperature conditions. In addition, elevated temperature changed the expression patterns of key apoptosis genes XIAP, CASP2, CASP2, CASP8, and CYTC, thereby confirming that high-temperature conditions caused immune disorders, metabolic imbalance, and, finally, triggered apoptosis. Our results provide a useful foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of P. clarkii during high-temperature conditions.
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Li Y, Yuan W, Xu Q, Liu H, Dai X. The regulation of immune responses against white spot syndrome virus or Vibrio alginolyticus in toll-like receptors silenced giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:84-94. [PMID: 33035653 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors, which are a class of cell-surface proteins, have been regarded as the most important pattern recognition receptors in the innate immunity and play a vital role in multiple innate immune responses against pathogen invasion. The full-length cDNA of a novel Toll-like receptor (MrToll3) was identified from Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the current research. The nucleotide sequence of MrToll3 is 4481 bp long and contains a 3726-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 1241 amino acids. MrToll3 was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues, and high expression of MrToll3 was detected in gill, heart, and ganglion. The result of RNA interference assay revealed that silencing of MrToll1 remarkably suppressed the prophenoloxidase (proPO) expression and phenoloxidase (PO) activities while enhancing MrToll2 expression in the prawns. Furthermore, the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and crustin was remarkably down-regulated in the MrToll1-silenced prawns after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. MrToll2-silenced prawns exhibited the significant decline of ALF and crustin expression post the pathogen challenges, and silencing of MrToll3 obviously improved the immune deficiency (IMD) expression during the whole RNA interference assay. Additionally, higher mortality was observed in MrToll1-or MrToll2-silenced prawns after V. alginolyticus challenge, and the MrToll1-silenced prawns also showed the obviously enhanced susceptibility to WSSV. These results suggested that MrToll1, 2, and 3 were involved in the innate immune responses against WSSV and V. alginolyticus in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xilin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Ma S, Guo Y, Sun L, Fan W, Liu Y, Liu D, Huang D, Li X, Zhang W, Mai K. Over high or low dietary protein levels depressed the growth, TOR signaling, apoptosis, immune and anti-stress of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:241-251. [PMID: 32781210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 120-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of relative higher and lower dietary protein levels on the growth, immunity and anti-stress of abalone Haliotis discus hannai fed diets with 17.64% (low), 30.49% (normal) and 43.27% (high) of proteins, respectively. The results showed that compared with 30.49% of dietary protein, 17.64% and 43.27% of dietary protein levels significantly decreased the weight gain rate and the activities of α-amylase, trypsin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the hepatopancreas and serum of abalone (P < 0.05). Abalone fed 30.49% of dietary protein had the highest activity of superoxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and the total anti-oxidative capacity, and the lowest content of malondialdehyde in the serum and hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). The gene expressions of TOR, S6k, Bcl-2, IκB, NfκB, TNF-α and Nrf2 were significantly up-regulated in the group with 30.49% of dietary protein (P < 0.05). Pathological abnormalities in hepatocyte cells of abalone were found in the groups with 17.64% and 43.27% of dietary protein. Meanwhile, accumulative mortalities of abalone after the Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge test and heat stress test were significantly increased within these two groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the excessive (43.27) or deficient (17.64) dietary protein levels depressed the growth and immunity of abalone. Combined with the stress tests results, 17.63% or 43.27% of dietary protein contents are not recommended to the abalone facing the stress of vibriosis or high-water temperature (≥28 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoli Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Li Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhao Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Danni Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Habib YJ, Zhang Z. The involvement of crustaceans toll-like receptors in pathogen recognition. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:169-176. [PMID: 32325214 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean species are considered as a major sector in the aquaculture industry that plays a fundamental role in the world's economy. However, with a wide range of various epidemic diseases in the industry, studies of immune-related genes such as toll-like receptor genes are of great importance. Recently, the TLR in crustacean species has been described to perform a vital role in defense of crustacean against the pathogens. Meanwhile, many TLR genes from crustacean were characterized, and their contribution discovered in innate immunity against several pathogens. This review was aimed to present an overview of the crustacean TLRs including structural features that contained three major domains: a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, a transmembrane area (TM), and a conserved region called Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The tissue distribution patterns of TLR genes, which act as a guide for future research on which TLR gene or genes that can be expressed, at which tissue or tissues. We also described recent works on the expression of the TLR gene that evaluated the immune function after pathogen stimulation in shrimp, crab, and crayfish. Furthermore, we recommended a prospective for future investigation plan that might contribute to the development and management systems in the global crustacean aquaculture industry. Lastly, we assumed that a clear understanding of the expression pattern and biological function of crustacean TLR genes could serve as a baseline for future immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Jibril Habib
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
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16
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Guo H, Deng M, Liang J, Lu W, Shen Y. Gill transcriptome alterations in Macrobrachium rosenbergii under copper exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:796-808. [PMID: 31200138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of common contaminants in estuaries and coastal zones, which may cause physiological dysfunction in aquatic organisms. However, molecular response triggered by Cu have remained largely unknown in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the present study, we performed transcriptomic analysis to characterize molecular mechanisms of copper immunotoxicity in gills from M. rosenbergii. A large number of potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci in the transcriptome were identified. 19,417 and 8989 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 3 h and 48 h after exposure, respectively. Most of these DEGs were down-regulated implying that gene expressions were largely inhibited by Cu, which might lead to impairments of biological functions. Functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that immune, detoxification and apoptosis were the differentially regulated processes by Cu stress. 12 DGEs involved in immune response and heavy metal detoxification were discovered and validated by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the M. rosenbergii might counteract the toxicity of Cu at the transcriptomic level by increasing expressions of immune- and heavy metal detoxification-related genes, and these selected genes could be used as molecular indicators for Cu stress. Our study firstly reported the stress response at transcriptional level in M. rosenbergii during Cu exposure. The genes and pathways identified here not only give us new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying Cu toxicity effects in prawn, but facilitate biomarker identification and stress-resistant breeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Mingyue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Jinrong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yuchun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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Pan XT, Li TT, Yang CH, Ren Q, Zhang XW. A toll receptor is involved in antibacterial defense in the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:583-589. [PMID: 31247321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the activation of innate immune response in animals. In this study, we identified a TLR from the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense (MnToll1) and investigated its functions in immunity. The MnToll1 protein shares similar structural characteristics with other known Toll family proteins. MnToll1 transcripts are broadly distributed in all of the examined tissues, and its expression level was significantly up-regulated by bacterial challenge. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MnToll1 significantly impaired the survivability of Vibrio-challenged prawns. RNAi experiments also revealed that the expression of several antimicrobial peptide genes were regulated by MnToll1. Moreover, we found the extracellular region of MnToll1 could directly bind to bacteria and bacterial glycoconjugates. These findings suggest that MnToll1 function as a pattern recognition receptor to recognize invading pathogen and initiate downstream gene expression, to participate in antibacterial defense of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Pan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Cong-Hui Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Li C, Wang S, He J. The Two NF-κB Pathways Regulating Bacterial and WSSV Infection of Shrimp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31417561 PMCID: PMC6683665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogenic infection. Two nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, are generally regarded as the major regulators of the immune response in shrimp, which have been extensively studied over the years. Bacterial infection can be recognized by Toll and IMD pathways, which activate two NF-κB transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish, respectively, to eventually lead to boosting the expression of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In response to white-spot-syndrome-virus (WSSV) infection, these two pathways appear to be subverted and hijacked to favor viral survival. In this review, the recent progress in elucidating microbial recognition, signal transduction, and effector regulation within both shrimp Toll and IMD pathways will be discussed. We will also highlight and discuss the similarities and differences between shrimps and their Drosophila or mammalian counterparts. Understanding the interplay between pathogens and shrimp NF-κB pathways may provide new opportunities for disease-prevention strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Qin Y, Jiang S, Huang J, Zhou F, Yang Q, Jiang S, Yang L. C-type lectin response to bacterial infection and ammonia nitrogen stress in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:188-198. [PMID: 31028898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are important in invertebrate innate immunity for the recognition and elimination of pathogens. Although they were reported in many shrimp, C-type lectins subfamily contain a large number of members with different functions that need to research in deep. In this present study, a new type of CTL, PmCL1 with 861 bp long full-length cDNA, that encodes a protein with 164-amino acid from a 495-bp open reading frame, was isolated and characterized from tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). The mRNA transcript of PmCL1 showed the highest expression in the hepatopancreas, whereas it was barely detected in the ovary. After the shrimp were stimulated by Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum, PmCL1 expression in the hepatopancreas and gill was significantly upregulated. A carbohydrate-binding assay revealed the specificity of PmCL1 for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that included peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and saccharides that included d-glucose, galactosamine, α-lactose, treholose, and d-mannose. Recombinant PmCL1 agglutinated gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila) in the presence of calcium ions and enhanced the efficiency of clearing the invading bacteria. Collectively, our results suggested that PmCL1 might play an important role as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in the immune response towards pathogen infections, as well as the response towards ammonia nitrogen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Qin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shigui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Falin Zhou
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Qibin Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Song Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Lishi Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China.
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Niu J, Xie JJ, Guo TY, Fang HH, Zhang YM, Liao SY, Xie SW, Liu YJ, Tian LX. Comparison and Evaluation of Four Species of Macro-Algaes as Dietary Ingredients in Litopenaeus vannamei Under Normal Rearing and WSSV Challenge Conditions: Effect on Growth, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbiota. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1880. [PMID: 30687110 PMCID: PMC6333665 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to compare and evaluate effects of four different macro-algaes on growth, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. In the rearing trial 1, shrimp were fed five diets containing four sources of macro-algaes for 8 weeks, named D1 (without macro-algae), D2 (Porphyra haitanensis), D3 (Undaria pinnatifida), D4 (Saccharina japonica), and D5 (Gracilaria lemaneiformis), respectively. Growth performance of shrimp in D5 diet was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the control and D4 diet (P < 0.05); however, there is no significant difference among D2, D3, and D5 diets (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter from the D2, D3, and D5 diets were significantly higher than that from the control and D4 diets (P < 0.05). Supplementary macro-algaes enhanced hepatopancreas immunity through positively increasing total antioxidant status (TAS) and prophenoloxidase activity (ProPO), as well as up-regulating the hepatopancreas RNA expression of ProPO and IκBα and down-regulating the expression of transforming growth factor β. Furthermore, dietary macro-algaes modified intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei, boosting the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Bacillaceae, and decreasing those detrimental bacterial such as Gammaproteobacteria and Vibrionaceae. In the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge trial, shrimps were injected for 6-day after the rearing trial. On the fourth day, shrimp death started to occur, and the mortality in D2, D3, and D5 diets was significantly lower than that in control and SJ diets during 4-6 challenged days (P < 0.05). Dietary macro-algaes ameliorated hepatopancreas damage in L. vannamei by increasing TAS and ProPO activities and decreasing SOD activity, inhibiting the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), as well as regulating the immune-related genes expression. Taken together, dietary macro-algaes availably relieved enterohepatic oxidative damage by improving antioxidant ability and immunity and regulated intestinal microbiota in L. vannamei. These results indicated that G. lemaneiformis is the most suitable macro-algae and then followed by U. pinnatifida and P. haitanensis as the feed ingredient for L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Hang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhou F, Huang J, Yang L, Jiang S, Yang Q, He J, Jiang S. Transcriptome reveals involvement of immune defense, oxidative imbalance, and apoptosis in ammonia-stress response of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:162-170. [PMID: 30205201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a major aquatic environmental pollutant that negatively impacts shrimp health and commercial productivity. However, we currently do not fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of ammonia stress in shrimp. We therefore performed transcriptomic analysis of hepatopancreas from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) treated with ammonia-stress. We obtained 146,410,174 and 115,241,048 clean reads for the control and treatment groups, respectively. A total of 64,475 unigenes with an average length of 1275 bp and a N50 value of 2158 bp were assembled. A comparative transcriptome analysis identified 3462 differentially expressed genes, 177 of which are highly homologous with known proteins in aquatic species. Most of these genes showing the expression changes were related to immune function. Some significantly down-regulated genes are involved in purine metabolism and other metabolic pathways, which suggests that purineolytic capacity is an ammonia detoxification process in P. monodon, and metabolic depression is a strategy to reduce shrimp exposure to ammonia. Additionally, ammonia stress altered the expression patterns of key apoptosis genes (Bcl-xL, PERK, caspase 7, and caspase 10), confirmed that ammonia-stress induce oxidative stress and eventually even apoptosis. We also found evidence for the involvement of antioxidant defense in response to oxidative imbalance, given the regulation of peroxiredoxin 1, SOD, and CAT under ammonia stress. In conclusion, our study clarifies shrimp defensive response to ammonia toxicity and should benefit efforts to breed more ammonia-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Li
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC)/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Falin Zhou
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishi Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qibin Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC)/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shigui Jiang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC)/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.
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Jing Y, Peng F, Shan Y, Jiang J. Berberine reduces the occurrence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by reducing the inflammatory response. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5280-5285. [PMID: 30542485 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease that occurs in premature infants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid mainly used to treat digestive diseases, in a rat model of NEC. NEC models were established in newborn rats via inhalation of N2 for 90 sec every 4 h and oral administration of 4 mg/kg/day lipopolysaccharides on days 0 and 1. Berberine was administered via oral gavage. In the NEC model group, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, nuclear factor NF-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were upregulated. Symptoms of NEC in the berberine intervention group were significantly relieved, with a clear reduction in the incidence of NEC compared with the NEC group. TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 expression was decreased following berberine intervention. Furthermore, the expression of mucin-2 (MUC2) and RNA polymerase σ factor SigA (SIgA) were decreased in the NEC model group and increased following berberine intervention, when compared with the untreated group. It was also demonstrated that the incidence of NEC was reduced following berberine administration, possibly owing to changes in the inflammatory responses. The results of the current study support a potential therapeutic role of berberine for the treatment of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jing
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Fudong Peng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Shan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Jingkai Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
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Li H, Yin B, Wang S, Fu Q, Xiao B, Lǚ K, He J, Li C. RNAi screening identifies a new Toll from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that restricts WSSV infection through activating Dorsal to induce antimicrobial peptides. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007109. [PMID: 30256850 PMCID: PMC6175524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of Toll pathway defense against bacterial infection has been well established in shrimp, however how this pathway responds to viral infection is still largely unknown. In this study, we report the Toll4-Dorsal-AMPs cascade restricts the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection of shrimp. A total of nine Tolls from Litopenaeus vannamei namely Toll1-9 are identified, and RNAi screening in vivo reveals the Toll4 is important for shrimp to oppose WSSV infection. Knockdown of Toll4 results in elevated viral loads and renders shrimp more susceptible to WSSV. Furthermore, Toll4 could be a one of upstream pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to detect WSSV, and thereby leading to nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Dorsal, the known NF-κB transcription factor of the canonical Toll pathway. More importantly, silencing of Toll4 and Dorsal contributes to impaired expression of a specific set of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as anti-LPS-factor (ALF) and lysozyme (LYZ) family, which exert potent anti-WSSV activity. Two AMPs of ALF1 and LYZ1 as representatives are demonstrated to have the ability to interact with several WSSV structural proteins to inhibit viral infection. Taken together, we therefore identify that the Toll4-Dorsal pathway mediates strong resistance to WSSV infection by inducing some specific AMPs. The TLR pathway mediated antiviral immune response is well identified in mammals, yet, Toll pathway governing this protection in invertebrates remains unknown. In the present study, we uncover that a shrimp Toll4 from a total of nine Tolls in L. vannamei confers resistance to WSSV thought inducing the NF-κB transcription factor Dorsal to inspire the production of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antiviral activity. The anti-LPS-factor (ALF) and lysozyme (LYZ) family are identified as the Toll4-Dorsal pathway targeted genes with the ability to interact with viral structural proteins in response to WSSV infection. These results suggest that the Toll receptor induces the expression of AMPs with antiviral activity could be a general antiviral mechanism in invertebrates and Toll pathway established antiviral defense could be conserved during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kai Lǚ
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JH); (CL)
| | - Chaozheng Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JH); (CL)
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Nie L, Cai SY, Shao JZ, Chen J. Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1523. [PMID: 30034391 PMCID: PMC6043800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among all the PRRs identified, the toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most ancient class, with the most extensive spectrum of pathogen recognition. Since the first discovery of Toll in Drosophila melanogaster, numerous TLRs have been identified across a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species. It seems that TLRs, the signaling pathways that they initiate, or related adaptor proteins are essentially conserved in a wide variety of organisms, from Porifera to mammals. Molecular structure analysis indicates that most TLR homologs share similar domain patterns and that some vital participants of TLR signaling co-evolved with TLRs themselves. However, functional specification and emergence of new signaling pathways, as well as adaptors, did occur during evolution. In addition, ambiguities and gaps in knowledge still exist regarding the TLR network, especially in lower organisms. Hence, a systematic review from the comparative angle regarding this tremendous signaling system and the scenario of evolutionary pattern across Animalia is needed. In the current review, we present overview and possible evolutionary patterns of TLRs in non-mammals, hoping that this will provide clues for further investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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