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Cao L, Wang J, Wang L, Liu H, Wu W, Hou F, Liu Y, Gao Y, Cheng X, Li S, Xing G. Genome-wide analysis of the SWEET gene family in Hemerocallis citrina and functional characterization of HcSWEET4a in response to salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:661. [PMID: 38987684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Sugars will be eventually effluxed transporters (SWEETs) have been confirmed to play diverse physiological roles in plant growth, development and stress response. However, the characteristics and functions of the SWEET genes in Hemerocallis citrina remain unclear and poorly elucidated. In this study, the whole genome of Hemerocallis citrina was utilized to conduct bioinformatics analysis and a total of 19 HcSWEET genes were successfully identified. Analysis of the physicochemical properties indicated dominant differences among these HcSWEETs. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that HcSWEET proteins can be divided into 4 clades ranging from Clade I to IV, where proteins within the same clade exhibited shared conserved motifs and gene structures. Five to six exons were contained in the majority of HcSWEET genes, which were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. The gene duplication analysis showed the presence of 4 gene pairs. Comparative syntenic maps revealed that the HcSWEET gene family might present more closed homology in monocotyledons than dicotyledons. Cis-acting element analysis of HcSWEET genes indicated key responsiveness to various hormones, light, and stresses. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing analysis suggested that most HcSWEET genes had a relatively higher expression in roots, and HcSWEET4a was significantly up-regulated under salt stress. Overexpression further verified the possibility that HcSWEET4a was involved in response to salt stress, which provides novel insights and facilitates in-depth studies of the functional analysis of HcSWEETs in resistance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Cao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jinyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lixuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huili Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Feifan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China.
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China.
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Jinzhong, China.
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China.
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Li Y, Fu M, Li J, Wu J, Shua Z, Chen T, Yao W, Huai D. Genome-wide identification of SWEET genes reveals their roles during seed development in peanuts. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:259. [PMID: 38454335 PMCID: PMC10921654 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) proteins are highly conserved in various organisms and play crucial roles in sugar transport processes. However, SWEET proteins in peanuts, an essential leguminous crop worldwide, remain lacking in systematic characterization. Here, we identified 94 SWEET genes encoding the conservative MtN3/saliva domains in three peanut species, including 47 in Arachis hypogea, 23 in Arachis duranensis, and 24 in Arachis ipaensis. We observed significant variations in the exon-intron structure of these genes, while the motifs and domain structures remained highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis enabled us to categorize the predicted 286 SWEET proteins from eleven species into seven distinct groups. Whole genome duplication/segment duplication and tandem duplication were the primary mechanisms contributing to the expansion of the total number of SWEET genes. In addition, an investigation of cis-elements in the potential promoter regions and expression profiles across 22 samples uncovered the diverse expression patterns of AhSWEET genes in peanuts. AhSWEET24, with the highest expression level in seeds from A. hypogaea Tifrunner, was observed to be localized on both the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, qRT-PCR results suggested that twelve seed-expressed AhSWEET genes were important in the regulation of seed development across four different peanut varieties. Together, our results provide a foundational basis for future investigations into the functions of SWEET genes in peanuts, especially in the process of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mengjia Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyang Shua
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Han X, Han S, Li Y, Li K, Yang L, Ma D, Fang Z, Yin J, Zhu Y, Gong S. Double roles of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 in wheat stress tolerance and photosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127215. [PMID: 37793527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins are encoded by nucleus genes and widely involve in capturing light energy, transferring energy, and responding to various stresses. However, their roles in wheat photosynthesis and stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here, Triticum aestivumlight-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 was identified. It showed subcellular localization in chloroplast, contained light responsive cis-elements, and highly expressed in green tissues and down-regulated by multiple stresses. TaLhc2 promoted the colonization of hemi-biotrophic pathogen; further analysis showed that TaLhc2 strengthened BAX-induced cell death, enhanced the ROS accumulation, and up-regulated pathogenesis-related genes; those results suggested that TaLhc2 has adverse influence on host immunity and function as a susceptible gene, thus host decreased its expression when faced with pathogen infection. RT-qPCR results showed that TaLhc2 was down-regulated by drought and salt stresses, while TaLhc2 improved the ROS accumulation under the two stresses, suggesting TaLhc2 may participate in wheat responding to abiotic stress. Additionally, TaLhc2 can increase the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoid by 1.3 % and 2.9 %, increase the net photosynthetic rate by 18 %, thus promote plant photosynthesis. Conclusively, we preliminarily deciphered the function of TaLhc2 in biotic/abiotic stresses and photosynthesis, which laid foundation for its usage in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuo Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiting Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Keke Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China.
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4
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Han X, Han S, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Gao S, Yin J, Wang F, Yao M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family in Capsicum annuum L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17408. [PMID: 38139237 PMCID: PMC10744294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are a novel class of sugar transport proteins that play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and response to stress. However, there is a lack of systematic research on SWEETs in Capsicum annuum L. In this study, 33 CaSWEET genes were identified through bioinformatics analysis. The Ka/Ks analysis indicated that SWEET genes are highly conserved not only among peppers but also among Solanaceae species and have experienced strong purifying selection during evolution. The Cis-elements analysis showed that the light-responsive element, abscisic-acid-responsive element, jasmonic-acid-responsive element, and anaerobic-induction-responsive element are widely distributed in the promoter regions of CaSWEETs. The expression pattern analysis revealed that CaSWEETs exhibit tissue specificity and are widely involved in pepper growth, development, and stress responses. The post-transcription regulation analysis revealed that 20 pepper miRNAs target and regulate 16 CaSWEETs through cleavage and translation inhibition mechanisms. The pathogen inoculation assay showed that CaSWEET16 and CaSWEET22 function as susceptibility genes, as the overexpression of these genes promotes the colonization of pathogens, whereas CaSWEET31 functions as a resistance gene. In conclusion, through systematic identification and characteristic analysis, a comprehensive understanding of CaSWEET was obtained, which lays the foundation for further studies on the biological functions of SWEET genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Han
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.H.); (S.G.); (F.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuo Han
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.H.); (S.G.); (F.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Junliang Yin
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.H.); (S.G.); (F.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.H.); (S.G.); (F.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Minghua Yao
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.H.); (S.G.); (F.W.); (M.Y.)
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Shah SMA, Khojasteh M, Wang Q, Haq F, Xu X, Li Y, Zou L, Osdaghi E, Chen G. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Wheat Cultivars in Response to Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis and Its T2SS, T3SS, and TALEs Deficient Strains. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:2073-2082. [PMID: 37414408 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0049-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis causes bacterial leaf streak disease on small grain cereals. Type II and III secretion systems (T2SS and T3SS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of the bacterium, while no data are available on the transcriptomic profile of wheat cultivars infected with either wild type (WT) or mutants of the pathogen. In this study, WT, TAL-effector mutants, and T2SS/T3SS mutants of X. translucens pv. cerealis strain NXtc01 were evaluated for their effect on the transcriptomic profile of two wheat cultivars, 'Chinese Spring' and 'Yangmai-158', using Illumina RNA-sequencing technology. RNA-Seq data showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was higher in Yangmai-158 than in Chinese Spring, suggesting higher susceptibility of Yangmai-158 to the pathogen. In T2SS, most suppressed DEGs were related to transferase, synthase, oxidase, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factors. The gspD mutants showed significantly decreased disease development in wheat, suggesting an active contribution of T2SS in virulence. Moreover, the gspD mutant restored full virulence and its multiplication in planta by addition of gspD in trans. In the T3SS-deficient strain, downregulated DEGs were associated with cytochrome, peroxidases, kinases, phosphatases, WRKY, and ethylene-responsive transcription factors. In contrast, upregulated DEGs were trypsin inhibitors, cell number regulators, and calcium transporter. Transcriptomic analyses coupled with quantitative real-time-PCR indicated that some genes are upregulated in Δtal1/Δtal2 compared with the tal-free strain, but no direct interaction was observed. These results provide novel insight into wheat transcriptomes in response to X. translucens infection and pave the way for understanding host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mashab Ali Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Moein Khojasteh
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fazal Haq
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xiameng Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Lin Z, Yi X, Ali MM, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen F. Transcriptome Insights into Candidate Genes of the SWEET Family and Carotenoid Biosynthesis during Fruit Growth and Development in Prunus salicina 'Huangguan'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3513. [PMID: 37836253 PMCID: PMC10574959 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese plum (Prunus salicina L.) is a fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family, native to south-eastern China and widely cultivated throughout the world. Fruit sugar metabolism and color change is an important physiological behavior that directly determines flavor and aroma. Our study analyzed six stages of fruit growth and development using RNA-seq, yielding a total of 14,973 DEGs, and further evaluation of key DEGs revealed a focus on sugar metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. Using GO and KEGG to enrich differential genes in the pathway, we selected 107 differential genes and obtained 49 significant differential genes related to glucose metabolism. The results of the correlation analyses indicated that two genes of the SWEET family, evm.TU.Chr1.3663 (PsSWEET9) and evm.TU.Chr4.676 (PsSWEET2), could be closely related to the composition of soluble sugars, which was also confirmed in the ethylene treatment experiments. In addition, analysis of the TOP 20 pathways between different growth stages and the green stage, as well as transient overexpression in chili, suggested that capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (PsCCS) of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway contributed to the color change of plum fruit. These findings provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the ripening and color change of plum fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lin
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaojuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
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Jiang C, Zeng S, Yang J, Wang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of SWEET Family Genes Involved in Fruit Development in Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1679. [PMID: 37761819 PMCID: PMC10531292 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) play a vital role in longer-distance sugar transportation, and thus control carbon flow and energy metabolism in plants. SWEET genes have been identified in various plant species, but their functions in fruit development remain uncharacterized. Here, we isolated 15 putative PsSWEETs from the Prunus salicina genome. For further analysis, comprehensive bioinformatics methods were applied to determine the gene structure, chromosome distribution, phylogeny, cis-acting regulatory elements, and expression profiles of PsSWEETs. qRT-PCR analysis suggested that these SWEETs might have diverse functions in the development of plum fruit. The relative expression levels of PsSWEET1 and PsSWEET9 were obviously higher in ripened fruit than the ones in other developmental stages, suggesting their possible roles in the transport and accumulation of sugars in plum fruit. Positive correlations were found between the expression level of PsSWEET3/10/13 and the content of sucrose, and the expression level of PsSWEET2 and the content of fructose, respectively, during the development of 'Furongli' fruit, suggesting their possible roles in the accumulation of sucrose and fructose. The current study investigated the initial genomic characterization and expression patterns of the SWEET gene family in plum, which could provide a foundation for the further understanding of the functional analysis of the SWEET gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (S.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Shaomin Zeng
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (S.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China;
| | - Xiaoan Wang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (S.Z.); (X.W.)
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Lata C, Manjul AS, Prasad P, Gangwar OP, Adhikari S, Sonu, Kumar S, Bhardwaj SC, Singh G, Samota MK, Choudhary M, Bohra A, Varshney RK. Unraveling the diversity and functions of sugar transporters for sustainable management of wheat rust. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:213. [PMID: 37378707 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases threaten global food security by reducing the production and quality of produce. Identification of disease resistance sources and their utilization in crop improvement is of paramount significance. However, constant evolution and occurrence of new, more aggressive and highly virulent pathotypes disintegrates the resistance of cultivars and hence demanding the steady stream of disease resistance cultivars as the most sustainable way of disease management. In this context, molecular tools and technologies facilitate an efficient and rational engineering of crops to develop cultivars having resistance to multiple pathogens and pathotypes. Puccinia spp. is biotrophic fungi that interrupt crucial junctions for causing infection, thus risking nutrient access of wheat plants and their subsequent growth. Sugar is a major carbon source taken from host cells by pathogens. Sugar transporters (STPs) are key players during wheat-rust interactions that regulate the transport, exchange, and allocation of sugar at plant-pathogen interfaces. Intense competition for accessing sugars decides fate of incompatibility or compatibility between host and the pathogen. The mechanism of transport, allocation, and signaling of sugar molecules and role of STPs and their regulatory switches in determining resistance/susceptibility to rusts in wheat is poorly understood. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involving STPs in distribution of sugar molecules for determination of rust resistance/susceptibility in wheat. We also present perspective on how detailed insights on the STP's role in wheat-rust interaction will be helpful in devising efficient strategies for wheat rust management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Lata
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India.
| | | | - Pramod Prasad
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - O P Gangwar
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Sneha Adhikari
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Sonu
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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9
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Liu N, Wei Z, Min X, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Yang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family in Annual Alfalfa ( Medicago polymorpha). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1948. [PMID: 37653865 PMCID: PMC10222687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars will eventually be exported transporter) proteins are a group of sugar transporters that are involved in sugar efflux, phloem loading, reproductive development, plant senescence, and stress responses. In this study, 23 SWEET transporter members were identified in the Medicago polymorpha genome, heterogeneously distributed on seven chromosomes. These MpSWEET genes were divided into four subfamilies, which showed similar gene structure and motif composition within the same subfamily. Seventeen MpSWEET genes encode seven transmembrane helices (TMHs), and all MpSWEET proteins possess conserved membrane domains and putative serine phosphorylation sites. Four and three pairs of MpSWEET genes were predicted to be segmentally and tandemly duplicated, respectively, which may have contributed to their evolution of M. polymorpha. The results of microarray and RNA-Seq data showed that some MpSWEET genes were specifically expressed in disparate developmental stages (including seedling stage, early flowering stage, and late flowering stage) or tissues such as flower and large pod. Based on protein network interaction and expression patterns of MpSWEET genes, six MpSWEET genes were selected for further quantitative real-time PCR validation in different stress treatments. qRT-PCR results showed that MpSWEET05, MpSWEET07, MpSWEET12, MpSWEET15, and MpSWEET21 were significantly upregulated for at least two of the three abiotic stress treatments. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of MpSWEET genes, which facilitates future research to elucidate the function of MpSWEET genes in M. polymorpha and other legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenwu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Grassland Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueyang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Linghua Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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10
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Vinodh Kumar PN, Mallikarjuna MG, Jha SK, Mahato A, Lal SK, K R Y, Lohithaswa HC, Chinnusamy V. Unravelling structural, functional, evolutionary and genetic basis of SWEET transporters regulating abiotic stress tolerance in maize. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:539-560. [PMID: 36603713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are the novel sugar transporters widely distributed among living systems. SWEETs play a crucial role in various bio-physiological processes, viz., plant developmental, nectar secretion, pollen development, and regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to their prime sugar-transporting activity. Thus, in-depth structural, evolutionary, and functional characterization of maize SWEET transporters was performed for their utility in maize improvement. The mining of SWEET genes in the latest maize genome release (v.5) showed an uneven distribution of 20 ZmSWEETs. The comprehensive structural analyses and docking of ZmSWEETs with four sugars, viz., fructose, galactose, glucose, and sucrose, revealed frequent amino acid residues forming hydrogen (asparagine, valine, serine) and hydrophobic (tryptophan, glycine, and phenylalanine) interactions. Evolutionary analyses of SWEETs showed a mixed lineage with 50-100 % commonality of ortho-groups and -sequences evolved under strong purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 0.5). The duplication analysis showed non-functionalization (ZmSWEET18 in B73) and neo- and sub-functionalization (ZmSWEET3, ZmSWEET6, ZmSWEET9, ZmSWEET19, and ZmSWEET20) events in maize. Functional analyses of ZmSWEET genes through co-expression, in silico expression and qRT-PCR assays showed the relevance of ZmSWEETs expression in regulating drought, heat, and waterlogging stress tolerances in maize. The first ever ZmSWEET-regulatory network revealed 286 direct (ZmSWEET-TF: 140 ZmSWEET-miRNA: 146) and 1226 indirect (TF-TF: 597; TF-miRNA: 629) edges. The present investigation has given new insights into the complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation and the regulatory and functional relevance of ZmSWEETs in assigning stress tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Vinodh Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Shailendra Kumar Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anima Mahato
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR - Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi 834003, India
| | - Yathish K R
- Winter Nursery Centre, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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11
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Sehgal D, Dhakate P, Ambreen H, Shaik KHB, Rathan ND, Anusha NM, Deshmukh R, Vikram P. Wheat Omics: Advancements and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:426. [PMID: 36771512 PMCID: PMC9919419 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant omics, which includes genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics, has played a remarkable role in the discovery of new genes and biomolecules that can be deployed for crop improvement. In wheat, great insights have been gleaned from the utilization of diverse omics approaches for both qualitative and quantitative traits. Especially, a combination of omics approaches has led to significant advances in gene discovery and pathway investigations and in deciphering the essential components of stress responses and yields. Recently, a Wheat Omics database has been developed for wheat which could be used by scientists for further accelerating functional genomics studies. In this review, we have discussed various omics technologies and platforms that have been used in wheat to enhance the understanding of the stress biology of the crop and the molecular mechanisms underlying stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Sehgal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Texcoco 56237, Mexico
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Priyanka Dhakate
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Heena Ambreen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Khasim Hussain Baji Shaik
- Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Georg-August-Universität, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nagenahalli Dharmegowda Rathan
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
- Corteva Agriscience, Hyderabad 502336, Telangana, India
| | | | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Vikram
- Bioseed Research India Ltd., Hyderabad 5023324, Telangana, India
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12
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Yang C, Zhao X, Luo Z, Wang L, Liu M. Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of SWEET genes in Chinese jujube. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14704. [PMID: 36684667 PMCID: PMC9854374 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel sugar transporter known as SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporter) is involved in the transport and distribution of photosynthesis products in plants. The SWEET protein is also involved in pollen development, nectar secretion, stress responses, and other important physiological processes. Although SWEET genes have been characterized and identified in model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about them in jujube. In this study, the molecular characteristics of the SWEET gene family in the Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and their expression patterns in different organs, at different fruit developmental stages, and under abiotic stress were analyzed. A total of 19 ZjSWEET genes were identified in jujube through a genome-wide study; these were classified into four sub-groups based on their phylogenic relationships. The gene structure analysis of ZjSWEET genes showed that all the members had introns. The expression patterns of different ZjSWEET genes varied significantly in different organs (root, shoot, leave, flower, fruit), which indicated that ZjSWEETs play different roles in multiple organs. According to the expression profiles by quantitative real-time PCR analysis during fruit development, the expression levels of the two genes (ZjSWEET11, ZjSWEET18) gradually increased with the development of the fruit and reached a high level at the full-red fruit stage. A prediction of the cis-acting regulatory elements indicated that the promoter sequences of ZjSWEETs contained nine types of phytohormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements and six environmental factors. In addition, the expression profiles by quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that some of the ZjSWEETs responded to environmental changes; ZjSWEET2 was highly induced in response to cold stress, and ZjSWEET8 was significantly up-regulated in response to alkali and salt stresses. This study showed that the functions of the ZjSWEET family members of jujube are different, and some may play an important role in sugar accumulation and abiotic stress in jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Baoding, Hebei, China,Hebei Agricultural University, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Baoding, Hebei, China,Hebei Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountaninous Areas, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Baoding, Hebei, China,Hebei Agricultural University, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Baoding, Hebei, China,Hebei Agricultural University, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- Hebei University of Engineering, School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Baoding, Hebei, China,Hebei Agricultural University, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Baoding, Hebei, China
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13
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xing J, Qi J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ye D, Tang C. Genome-wide analysis of the SWEET genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin: An insight into two latex-abundant isoforms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:440-448. [PMID: 36493591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (Tk) is a promising alternative rubber-producing grass. However, low biomass and rubber-producing capability limit its commercial application. As a carbon source transporter in plants, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in diverse physiological events in the context of carbon assimilate transport and utilization. Theoretically, SWEETs would participate in Tk growth, development and response to environmental cues with relation to the accumulation of rubber and biomass, both of which rely on the input of carbon assimilates. Here, we identified 22 TkSWEETs through homology searching of the Tk genomes and bioinformatics analyses. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed these TkSWEETs to have overlapping yet distinct tissue expression patterns. Two TkSWEET isofroms, TkSWEET1 and TkSWEET12 expressed substantially in the latex, the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers as well as the rubber source. As revealed by the transient expression analysis using Tk mesophyll protoplasts, both TkSWEET1 and TkSWEET12 were located in the plasma membrane. Heterologous expressions of the two TkSWEETs in a yeast mutant revealed that only TkSWEET1 exhibited apparent sugar transport activities, with a preference for monosaccharides. Interestingly, TkSWEET12, the latex-predominant TkSWEET isoform, seemed to have evolved from a tandem duplication event that results in a cluster of six TkSWEET genes with the TkSWEET12 therein, suggesting its specialized roles in the laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Xu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - De Ye
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
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14
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Ma J, Liu Y, Zhang P, Chen T, Tian T, Wang P, Che Z, Shahinnia F, Yang D. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and meta-QTL analysis for kernel size-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:607. [PMID: 36550393 PMCID: PMC9784057 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kernel size-related traits, including kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel diameter ratio (KDR) and kernel thickness (KT), are critical determinants for wheat kernel weight and yield and highly governed by a type of quantitative genetic basis. Genome-wide identification of major and stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes are urgently required for genetic improvement in wheat kernel yield. A hexaploid wheat population consisting of 120 recombinant inbred lines was developed to identify QTLs for kernel size-related traits under different water environments. The meta-analysis and transcriptome evaluation were further integrated to identify major genomic regions and putative candidate genes. RESULTS The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed more significant genotypic effects for kernel size-related traits, indicating the moderate to high heritability of 0.61-0.89. Thirty-two QTLs for kernel size-related traits were identified, explaining 3.06%-14.2% of the phenotypic variation. Eleven stable QTLs were detected in more than three water environments. The 1103 original QTLs from the 34 previous studies and the present study were employed for the MQTL analysis and refined into 58 MQTLs. The average confidence interval of the MQTLs was 3.26-fold less than that of the original QTLs. The 1864 putative candidate genes were mined within the regions of 12 core MQTLs, where 70 candidate genes were highly expressed in spikes and kernels by comprehensive analysis of wheat transcriptome data. They were involved in various metabolic pathways, such as carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, carbon metabolism, mRNA surveillance pathway, RNA transport and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Major genomic regions and putative candidate genes for kernel size-related traits in wheat have been revealed by an integrative strategy with QTL linkage mapping, meta-analysis and transcriptomic assessment. The findings provide a novel insight into understanding the genetic determinants of kernel size-related traits and will be useful for the marker-assisted selection of high yield in wheat breeding.
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Grants
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- GHSJ 2020-Z4 Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 21YF5NA089 Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 2022CYZC-44 Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31760385 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- 22ZD6NA010 Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
- Key Sci & Tech Special Project of Gansu Province
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Che
- Plant Seed Master Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Delong Yang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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15
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Liu M, Liu T, Lu J, Zhou Y, Liu S, Jiao P, Liu S, Qu J, Guan S, Ma Y. Characterization and Functional Analysis of ZmSWEET15a in Maize. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:564-574. [PMID: 35593918 PMCID: PMC9245729 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) gene family is a new type of sugar transporters, which plays an important role in plant growth and development, physiological metabolism, and abiotic stress. In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the expression of ZmSWEET15a gene in different organs of maize and under different abiotic stresses. The results showed that ZmSWEET15a was expressed in roots, stems, leaves, and grains, with the highest expression level in leaves, which was highly correlated with leaf development. Under the treatment of polyethylene glycol (PEG), NaCl, H2O2, and abscisic acid stress, the expression of ZmSWEET15a was upregulated, while under the treatment of cold stress, the expression of ZmSWEET15a was inhibited. In sugar-specific experiments, we found that sucrose was the most effective carbon source for maize seed germination. The expression analysis of ZmSWEET15a in different carbon sources suggested that the expression of ZmSWEET15a was more likely to be induced by sucrose. Overexpression of ZmSWEET15a in maize plants could reduce the sucrose content in leaves and increase the sucrose content in grains. The heterologous expression of ZmSWEET15a in the yeast mutant strain SUSY7/ura indicated that ZmSWEET15a is a sucrose transporter and pH independent. This study provides new insight into sugar transport and carbohydrate partitioning in maize and other crops, and provide more genetic information for improving crop quality at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Liu
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Lines, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Lines, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Lines, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Lines, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shubo Liu
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Lines, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Lines, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyan Guan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyong Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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16
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Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Patterns and Sugar Transport of the Physic Nut SWEET Gene Family and a Functional Analysis of JcSWEET16 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105391. [PMID: 35628209 PMCID: PMC9142063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) family is a class of sugar transporters that play key roles in phloem loading, seed filling, pollen development and the stress response in plants. Here, a total of 18 JcSWEET genes were identified in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) and classified into four clades by phylogenetic analysis. These JcSWEET genes share similar gene structures, and alternative splicing of messenger RNAs was observed for five of the JcSWEET genes. Three (JcSWEET1/4/5) of the JcSWEETs were found to possess transport activity for hexose molecules in yeast. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of JcSWEETs in different tissues under normal growth conditions and abiotic stresses revealed that most are tissue-specifically expressed, and 12 JcSWEETs responded to either drought or salinity. The JcSWEET16 gene responded to drought and salinity stress in leaves, and the protein it encodes is localized in both the plasma membrane and the vacuolar membrane. The overexpression of JcSWEET16 in Arabidopsis thaliana modified the flowering time and saline tolerance levels but not the drought tolerance of the transgenic plants. Together, these results provide insights into the characteristics of SWEET genes in physic nut and could serve as a basis for cloning and further functional analysis of these genes.
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17
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Yao T, Gai XT, Pu ZJ, Gao Y, Xuan YH. From Functional Characterization to the Application of SWEET Sugar Transporters in Plant Resistance Breeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5273-5283. [PMID: 35446562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of plant diseases severely affects the quality and quantity of plant production. Plants adapt to the constant invasion of pathogens and gradually form a series of defense mechanisms, such as pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and microbial effector-triggered immunity. Moreover, many pathogens have evolved to inhibit the immune defense system and acquire plant nutrients as a result of their coevolution with plants. The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are a novel family of sugar transporters that function as uniporters. They provide a channel for pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, to hijack sugar from the host. In this review, we summarize the functions of SWEETs in nectar secretion, grain loading, senescence, and long-distance transport. We also focus on the interaction between the SWEET genes and pathogens. In addition, we provide insight into the potential application of SWEET genes to enhance disease resistance through the use of genome editing tools. The summary and perspective of this review will deepen our understanding of the role of SWEETs during the process of pathogen infection and provide insights into resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshan Yao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, People's Republic of China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tong Gai
- Agronomy Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Ji Pu
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
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Wen Z, Li M, Meng J, Li P, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Sun L. Genome-wide identification of the SWEET gene family mediating the cold stress response in Prunus mume. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13273. [PMID: 35529486 PMCID: PMC9074862 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family encodes a family of sugar transporters that play essential roles in plant growth, reproduction, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Prunus mume is a considerable ornamental wood plant with high edible and medicinal values; however, its lack of tolerance to low temperature has severely limited its geographical distribution. To investigate whether this gene family mediates the response of P. mume to cold stress, we identified that the P. mume gene family consists of 17 members and divided the family members into four groups. Sixteen of these genes were anchored on six chromosomes, and one gene was anchored on the scaffold with four pairs of segmental gene duplications and two pairs of tandem gene duplications. Cis-acting regulatory element analysis indicated that the PmSWEET genes are potentially involved in P. mume development, including potentially regulating roles in procedure, such as circadian control, abscisic acid-response and light-response, and responses to numerous stresses, such as low-temperature and drought. We performed low-temperature treatment in the cold-tolerant cultivar 'Songchun' and cold-sensitive cultivar 'Zaolve' and found that the expression of four of 17 PmSWEETs was either upregulated or downregulated with prolonged treatment times. This finding indicates that these family members may potentially play a role in cold stress responses in P. mume. Our study provides a basis for further investigation of the role of SWEET proteins in the development of P. mume and its responses to cold stress.
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La HV, Chu HD, Tran CD, Nguyen KH, Le QTN, Hoang CM, Cao BP, Pham ATC, Nguyen BD, Nguyen TQ, Van Nguyen L, Ha CV, Le HT, Le HH, Le TD, Tran LSP. Insights into the gene and protein structures of the CaSWEET family members in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and their gene expression patterns in different organs under various stress and abscisic acid treatments. Gene 2022; 819:146210. [PMID: 35104577 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
'Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters' (SWEETs) are a group of sugar transporters that play crucial roles in various biological processes, particularly plant stress responses. However, no information is available yet for the CaSWEET family in chickpea. Here, we identified all putative CaSWEET members in chickpea, and obtained their major characteristics, including physicochemical patterns, chromosomal distribution, subcellular localization, gene organization, conserved motifs and three-dimensional protein structures. Subsequently, we explored available transcriptome data to compare spatiotemporal transcript abundance of CaSWEET genes in various major organs. Finally, we studied the changes in their transcript levels in leaves and/or roots following dehydration and exogenous abscisic acid treatments using RT-qPCR to obtain valuable information underlying their potential roles in chickpea responses to water-stress conditions. Our results provide the first insights into the characteristics of the CaSWEET family members and a foundation for further functional characterizations of selected candidate genes for genetic engineering of chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Viet La
- Faculty of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Phuc Yen City, Vinh Phuc Province 280000, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam.
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Thi Ngoc Le
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuy loi University, Dong Da District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Chinh Minh Hoang
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Bang Phi Cao
- Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Tuyen Cong Pham
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Bach Duc Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Quoc Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Loc Van Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hien Thi Le
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Ham Huy Le
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam; Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Thao Duc Le
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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20
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Gautam T, Dutta M, Jaiswal V, Zinta G, Gahlaut V, Kumar S. Emerging Roles of SWEET Sugar Transporters in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081303. [PMID: 35455982 PMCID: PMC9031177 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars are the major source of energy in living organisms and play important roles in osmotic regulation, cell signaling and energy storage. SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) are the most recent family of sugar transporters that function as uniporters, facilitating the diffusion of sugar molecules across cell membranes. In plants, SWEETs play roles in multiple physiological processes including phloem loading, senescence, pollen nutrition, grain filling, nectar secretion, abiotic (drought, heat, cold, and salinity) and biotic stress regulation. In this review, we summarized the role of SWEET transporters in plant development and abiotic stress. The gene expression dynamics of various SWEET transporters under various abiotic stresses in different plant species are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the utilization of genome editing tools (TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9) to engineer SWEET genes that can facilitate trait improvement. Overall, recent advancements on SWEETs are highlighted, which could be used for crop trait improvement and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Madhushree Dutta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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21
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Genome-wide in silico analysis indicates the involvement of OsSWEET transporters in abiotic and heavy metal (loid) stress responses in rice. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Chen L, Ganguly DR, Shafik SH, Ermakova M, Pogson BJ, Grof CPL, Sharwood RE, Furbank RT. Elucidating the role of SWEET13 in phloem loading of the C 4 grass Setaria viridis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:615-632. [PMID: 34780111 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency and sink demand are tightly correlated with rates of phloem loading, where maintaining low cytosolic sugar concentrations is paramount to prevent the downregulation of photosynthesis. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are thought to have a pivotal role in the apoplastic phloem loading of C4 grasses. SWEETs have not been well studied in C4 species, and their investigation is complicated by photosynthesis taking place across two cell types and, therefore, photoassimilate export can occur from either one. SWEET13 homologues in C4 grasses have been proposed to facilitate apoplastic phloem loading. Here, we provide evidence for this hypothesis using the C4 grass Setaria viridis. Expression analyses on the leaf gradient of C4 species Setaria and Sorghum bicolor show abundant transcript levels for SWEET13 homologues. Carbohydrate profiling along the Setaria leaf shows total sugar content to be significantly higher in the mature leaf tip compared with the younger tissue at the base. We present the first known immunolocalization results for SvSWEET13a and SvSWEET13b using novel isoform-specific antisera. These results show localization to the bundle sheath and phloem parenchyma cells of both minor and major veins. We further present the first transport kinetics study of C4 monocot SWEETs by using a Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. We demonstrate that SvSWEET13a and SvSWEET13b are high-capacity transporters of glucose and sucrose, with a higher apparent Vmax for sucrose, compared with glucose, typical of clade III SWEETs. Collectively, these results provide evidence for an apoplastic phloem loading pathway in Setaria and possibly other C4 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chen
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Diep R Ganguly
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Sarah H Shafik
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher P L Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Kumawat S, Sharma Y, Vats S, Sudhakaran S, Sharma S, Mandlik R, Raturi G, Kumar V, Rana N, Kumar A, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Understanding the role of SWEET genes in fruit development and abiotic stress in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1329-1339. [PMID: 34855106 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters (SWEET), consisting of the MtN3 and salvia domain, are sugar transporters having an active role in diverse activities in plants such as pollen nutrition, phloem loading, nectar secretion, reproductive tissue development, and plant-pathogen interaction. The SWEET genes have been characterized only in a few fruit crop species. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a total of 15 SWEET genes were identified in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) genome. The gene structure, transmembrane (TM) helices, domain architecture, and phylogenetic relationships of these genes were evaluated using computational approaches. Genes were further classified as Semi-SWEETs or SWEETs based on the TM domains. Similarly, pomegranate, Arabidopsis, rice, and soybean SWEETs were studied together to classify into major groups. In addition, analysis of RNAseq transcriptome data was performed to study SWEEET gene expression dynamics in different tissue. The expression suggests that SWEETs are mostly expressed in pomegranate peel. In addition, PgSWEET13 was found to be differentially expressed under high salinity stress in pomegranate. Further, quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the expression of four candidate genes in leaf and stem tissues. CONCLUSION The information provided here will help to understand the role of SWEET genes in fruit development and under abiotic stress conditions in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Sreeja Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 80, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Xuan C, Lan G, Si F, Zeng Z, Wang C, Yadav V, Wei C, Zhang X. Systematic Genome-Wide Study and Expression Analysis of SWEET Gene Family: Sugar Transporter Family Contributes to Biotic and Abiotic Stimuli in Watermelon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8407. [PMID: 34445115 PMCID: PMC8395094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins are a novel family of sugar transporters that play key roles in sugar efflux, signal transduction, plant growth and development, plant-pathogen interactions, and stress tolerance. In this study, 22 ClaSWEET genes were identified in Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) through homology searches and classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis. The genes with similar structures, conserved domains, and motifs were clustered into the same groups. Further analysis of the gene promoter regions uncovered various growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responsive cis-regulatory elements. Tissue-specific analysis showed most of the genes were highly expressed in male flowers and the roots of cultivated varieties and wild cultivars. In addition, qRT-PCR results further imply that ClaSWEET proteins might be involved in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum infection. Moreover, a significantly higher expression level of these genes under various abiotic stresses suggests its multifaceted role in mediating plant responses to drought, salt, and low-temperature stress. The genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of ClaSWEET genes, together with the expression patterns in different tissues and stimuli, lays a solid foundation for future research into their molecular function in watermelon developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Guangpu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Fengfei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Zhilong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Chunxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300384, China
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Gupta PK, Balyan HS, Gautam T. SWEET genes and TAL effectors for disease resistance in plants: Present status and future prospects. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1014-1026. [PMID: 34076324 PMCID: PMC8295518 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SWEET genes encode sugar transporter proteins and often function as susceptibility (S) genes. Consequently, the recessive alleles of these SWEET genes provide resistance. This review summarizes the available literature on the molecular basis of the role of SWEET genes (as S genes) in the host and corresponding transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) secreted by the pathogen. The review has four major sections, which follow a brief introduction: The first part gives some details about the occurrence and evolution of SWEET genes in approximately 30 plant species; the second part gives some details about systems where (a) SWEET genes with and without TALEs and (b) TALEs without SWEET genes cause different diseases; the third part summarizes the available information about TALEs along with interfering/truncated TALEs secreted by the pathogens; this section also summarizes the available information on effector-binding elements (EBEs) available in the promoters of either the SWEET genes or the Executor R genes; the code that is used for binding of TALEs to EBEs is also described in this section; the fourth part gives some details about the available approaches that are being used or can be used in the future for exploiting SWEET genes for developing disease-resistant cultivars. The review concludes with a section giving conclusions and future possibilities of using SWEET genes for developing disease-resistant cultivars using different approaches, including conventional breeding and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant BreedingCCS UniversityMeerutIndia
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26
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Devanna BN, Jaswal R, Singh PK, Kapoor R, Jain P, Kumar G, Sharma Y, Samantaray S, Sharma TR. Role of transporters in plant disease resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:849-867. [PMID: 33639002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome-wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease-resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Tilak R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Division of Crop Science, New Delhi, India
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27
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Zhang R, Niu K, Ma H. Identification and Expression Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family from Poa pratensis Under Abiotic Stresses. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1606-1620. [PMID: 32749870 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) gene family is a glycoprotein gene family that can regulate the transport of sugar in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in response to environmental stress. In this study, Kentucky bluegrass (cv. Baron) seedlings were grown in various treatments, including heavy metal cadmium, salt, drought, cold, and heat stress for 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 day. The relative expression of the identified PpSWEET genes in Kentucky bluegrass was measured. The results showed there were a total of 13 SWEET genes, which could be divided into four clades by phylogenetic analysis. Most PpSWEET genes are alkali proteins with seven transmembrane helices. Moreover, almost all PpSWEET proteins possess similar conserved motifs and active sites. In addition, an analysis of the relative expression of PpSWEET genes under various stress treatments indicated that PpSWEET12 and PpSWEET15 had very high expression under the five types of stress, meaning they can be used as important candidate genes for studying responses to environmental stresses of turfgrass. Furthermore, certain genes only showed changes in expression under one or two specific stress treatments. This study provides important insight into the SWEET gene family in Kentucky bluegrass and its functional roles in responses to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuiju Niu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou, China
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Regmi KC, Yogendra K, Farias JG, Li L, Kandel R, Yadav UP, Sha S, Trittermann C, Short L, George J, Evers J, Plett D, Ayre BG, Roy SJ, Gaxiola RA. Improved Yield and Photosynthate Partitioning in AVP1 Expressing Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:273. [PMID: 32256508 PMCID: PMC7090233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental factor to improve crop productivity involves the optimization of reduced carbon translocation from source to sink tissues. Here, we present data consistent with the positive effect that the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana H+-PPase (AVP1) has on reduced carbon partitioning and yield increases in wheat. Immunohistochemical localization of H+-PPases (TaVP) in spring wheat Bobwhite L. revealed the presence of this conserved enzyme in wheat vasculature and sink tissues. Of note, immunogold imaging showed a plasma membrane localization of TaVP in sieve element- companion cell complexes of Bobwhite source leaves. These data together with the distribution patterns of a fluorescent tracer and [U14C]-sucrose are consistent with an apoplasmic phloem-loading model in wheat. Interestingly, 14C-labeling experiments provided evidence for enhanced carbon partitioning between shoots and roots, and between flag leaves and milk stage kernels in AVP1 expressing Bobwhite lines. In keeping, there is a significant yield improvement triggered by the expression of AVP1 in these lines. Green house and field grown transgenic wheat expressing AVP1 also produced higher grain yield and number of seeds per plant, and exhibited an increase in root biomass when compared to null segregants. Another agriculturally desirable phenotype showed by AVP1 Bobwhite plants is a robust establishment of seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C. Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Kalenahalli Yogendra
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Júlia Gomes Farias
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Raju Kandel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Umesh P. Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Shengbo Sha
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Trittermann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura Short
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessey George
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Evers
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Darren Plett
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian G. Ayre
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Stuart John Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Jiang S, Balan B, Assis RDAB, Sagawa CHD, Wan X, Han S, Wang L, Zhang L, Zaini PA, Walawage SL, Jacobson A, Lee SH, Moreira LM, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM. Genome-Wide Profiling and Phylogenetic Analysis of the SWEET Sugar Transporter Gene Family in Walnut and Their Lack of Responsiveness to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041251. [PMID: 32070009 PMCID: PMC7072939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following photosynthesis, sucrose is translocated to sink organs, where it provides the primary source of carbon and energy to sustain plant growth and development. Sugar transporters from the SWEET (sugar will eventually be exported transporter) family are rate-limiting factors that mediate sucrose transport across concentration gradients, sustain yields, and participate in reproductive development, plant senescence, stress responses, as well as support plant-pathogen interaction, the focus of this study. We identified 25 SWEET genes in the walnut genome and distinguished each by its individual gene structure and pattern of expression in different walnut tissues. Their chromosomal locations, cis-acting motifs within their 5' regulatory elements, and phylogenetic relationship patterns provided the first comprehensive analysis of the SWEET gene family of sugar transporters in walnut. This family is divided into four clades, the analysis of which suggests duplication and expansion of the SWEET gene family in Juglans regia. In addition, tissue-specific gene expression signatures suggest diverse possible functions for JrSWEET genes. Although these are commonly used by pathogens to harness sugar products from their plant hosts, little was known about their role during Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) infection. We monitored the expression profiles of the JrSWEET genes in different tissues of "Chandler" walnuts when challenged with pathogen Xaj417 and concluded that SWEET-mediated sugar translocation from the host is not a trigger for walnut blight disease development. This may be directly related to the absence of type III secretion system-dependent transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) in Xaj417, which suggests different strategies are employed by this pathogen to promote susceptibility to this major aboveground disease of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata de A. B. Assis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Cintia H. D. Sagawa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Xueqin Wan
- Department of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Shan Han
- Department of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Paulo A. Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Sriema L. Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Aaron Jacobson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Steven H. Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Leandro M. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Charles A. Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.J.); (B.B.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (C.H.D.S.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (P.A.Z.); (S.L.W.); (A.J.); (S.H.L.); (C.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Geng Y, Wu M, Zhang C. Sugar Transporter ZjSWEET2.2 Mediates Sugar Loading in Leaves of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1081. [PMID: 32849678 PMCID: PMC7396580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sugar transporters play an important role in the allocation of sugars from cells in source organs to cells in sink organs. Hence, an understanding of the molecular basis and regulation of assimilate partitioning by sugar transporters is essential. Leaves are the main source of photosynthetic products. In jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), the mechanisms regulating initial sugar unloading in leaves are still unclear. In this study, an expression profiling analysis showed that ZjSWEET2.2, encoding a sugar transporter in the SWEET family, is highly expressed in leaves. Over-expression of ZjSWEET2.2 increased carbon fixation in photosynthetic organs. Our analyses showed that ZjSWEET2.2 encodes a plasma membrane-localized sugar transporter protein. Its expression levels were found to be suppressed under drought stress and by high concentrations of exogenous sugars, but increased by low concentrations of exogenous sugars. Finally, DNA sequence analyses revealed several cis-elements related to sugar signaling in the promoter of ZjSWEET2.2. Together, these results suggest that ZjSWEET2.2 functions to mediate photosynthesis by exporting sugars from photosynthetic cells in the leaves, and its gene expression is regulated by sugar signals.
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the StSWEET family genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Genes Genomics 2019; 42:135-153. [PMID: 31782074 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugar will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is a novel type of membrane-embedded sugar transporter that contains seven transmembrane helices with two MtN3/saliva domains. The SWEET family plays crucial roles in multiple processes, including carbohydrate transportation, development, environmental adaptability and host-pathogen interactions. Although SWEET genes, especially those involved in response to biotic stresses, have been extensively characterized in many plants, they have not yet been studied in potato. OBJECTIVE The identification of StSWEET genes provides important candidates for further functional analysis and lays the foundation for the production of good quality and high yield potatoes through molecular breeding. METHODS In this study, StSWEET genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. A comprehensive analysis of StSWEET family through bioinformatics methods, such as phylogenetic tree, gene structure and promoter prediction analysis. The expression profiles of StSWEET genes in different potato tissues and under P. infestans attack and sugar stress were studied using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis classified 33 StSWEET genes into four groups containing 12, 5, 12 and 4 genes. Furthermore, the gene structures and conserved motifs found that the StSWEET genes are very conservative during evolution. The chromosomal localization pattern showed that the distribution and density of the StSWEETs on 10 potato chromosomes were uneven and basically clustered. Predictive promoter analysis indicated that StSWEET proteins are associated with cell growth, development, secondary metabolism, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Finally, the expression patterns of the StSWEET genes in different tissues and the induction of P. infestans and the process of the sugar stress were investigated to obtain the tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates. CONCLUSION This study systematically identifies the SWEET gene family in potato at the genome-wide level, providing important candidates for further functional analysis and contributing to a better understanding of the molecular basis of development and tolerance in potato.
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Xie H, Wang D, Qin Y, Ma A, Fu J, Qin Y, Hu G, Zhao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in Litchi chinensis reveal the involvement of LcSWEET2a/3b in early seed development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:499. [PMID: 31726992 PMCID: PMC6857300 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWEETs (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported transporters) function as sugar efflux transporters that perform diverse physiological functions, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and pathogen nutrition. The SWEET gene family has been identified and characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about in Litchi chinensis, which is an important evergreen fruit crop. RESULTS In this study, 16 LcSWEET genes were identified and nominated according to its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the 7 alpha-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were basically conserved in LcSWEETs. The LcSWEETs were divided into four clades (Clade I to Clade IV) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 8 predicted motifs were detected in the litchi LcSWEET genes. The 16 LcSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in 9 chromosomes and there was one pairs of segmental duplicated events by synteny analysis. The expression patterns of the 16 LcSWEET genes showed higher expression levels in reproductive organs. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of LcSWEET2a and LcSWEET3b indicated they play central roles during early seed development. CONCLUSIONS The litchi genome contained 16 SWEET genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. Gene expression suggested that LcSWEETs played important roles in the growth and development of litchi fruits. Genes that regulate early seed development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SWEET gene family in litchi, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies of LcSWEET genes and improvement of litchi fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu B, Wu H, Huang W, Song J, Zhou Y, Lin Y. SWEET Gene Family in Medicago truncatula: Genome-Wide Identification, Expression and Substrate Specificity Analysis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090338. [PMID: 31505820 PMCID: PMC6783836 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins mediate the translocation of sugars across cell membranes and play crucial roles in plant growth and development as well as stress responses. In this study, a total of 25 SWEET genes were identified from the Medicago truncatula genome and were divided into four clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. The MtSWEET genes are distributed unevenly on the M. truncatula chromosomes, and eight and 12 MtSWEET genes are segmentally and tandemly duplicated, respectively. Most MtSWEET genes contain five introns and encode proteins with seven transmembrane helices (TMHs). Besides, nearly all MtSWEET proteins have relatively conserved membrane domains, and contain conserved active sites. Analysis of microarray data showed that some MtSWEET genes are specifically expressed in disparate developmental stages or tissues, such as flowers, developing seeds and nodules. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR expression analysis indicated that many MtSWEET genes are responsive to various abiotic stresses such as cold, drought, and salt treatments. Functional analysis of six selected MtSWEETs in yeast revealed that they possess diverse transport activities for sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, and mannose. These results provide new insights into the characteristics of the MtSWEET genes, which lay a solid foundation for further investigating their functional roles in the developmental processes and stress responses of M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Henry Fok Collge of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| | - Weifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianbo Song
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Filyushin MA, Kochieva EZ, Shchennikova AV, Beletsky AV, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV, Skryabin KG. SWEET Uniporter Gene Family Expression Profile in the Pitcher Development in the Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes sp. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gautam T, Saripalli G, Gahlaut V, Kumar A, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Further studies on sugar transporter (SWEET) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2327-2353. [PMID: 30830588 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SWEET proteins represent one of the largest sugar transporter family in the plant kingdom and play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. In the present study, a total of 108 TaSWEET genes distributed on all the 21 wheat chromosomes were identified using the latest whole genome sequence (as against 59 genes reported in an earlier report). These 108 genes included 14 of the 17 types reported in Arabidopsis and also included three novel types. Tandem duplications (22) and segmental duplications (5) played a significant role in the expansion of TaSWEET family. A number of cis-elements were also identified in the promoter regions of TaSWEET genes, indicating response of TaSWEET genes during development and also during biotic/abiotic stresses. The TaSWEET proteins carried 4-7 trans-membrane helices (TMHs) showing diversity in structure. Phylogenetic analysis using SWEET proteins of wheat and 8 other species gave four well-known clusters. Expression analysis involving both in silico and in planta indicated relatively higher expression of TaSWEET genes in water/heat sensitive and leaf rust resistant genotypes. The results provided insights into the functional role of TaSWEETs in biotic and abiotic stresses, which may further help in planning strategies to develop high yielding wheat varieties tolerant to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Advance Center for Computational & Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Dehradun, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.
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Madrid-Espinoza J, Brunel-Saldias N, Guerra FP, Gutiérrez A, Del Pozo A. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Regulation of Aquaporin Genes in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Stress. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100497. [PMID: 30326657 PMCID: PMC6210132 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins essential for controlling the flow of water and other molecules required for development and stress tolerance in plants, including important crop species such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, we utilized a genomic approach for analyzing the information about AQPs available in public databases to characterize their structure and function. Furthermore, we validated the expression of a suite of AQP genes, at the transcriptional level, including accessions with contrasting responses to drought, different organs and water stress levels. We found 65 new AQP genes, from which 60% are copies expanded by polyploidization. Sequence analysis of the AQP genes showed that the purifying selection pressure acted on duplicate genes, which was related to a high conservation of the functions. This situation contrasted with the expression patterns observed for different organs, developmental stages or genotypes under water deficit conditions, which indicated functional divergence at transcription. Expression analyses on contrasting genotypes showed high gene transcription from Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein 1 (TIP1) and 2 (TIP2), and Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein 1 (PIP1) and 2 (PIP2) subfamilies in roots and from TIP1 and PIP1 subfamilies in leaves. Interestingly, during severe drought stress, 4 TIP genes analyzed in leaves of the tolerant accession reached up to 15-fold the level observed at the susceptible genotype, suggesting a positive relationship with drought tolerance. The obtained results extend our understanding of the structure and function of AQPs, particularly under water stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Madrid-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Nidia Brunel-Saldias
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- PIEI Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Fernando P Guerra
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biotecnología Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Adelina Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biotecnología Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- PIEI Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Li W, Ren Z, Wang Z, Sun K, Pei X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Song C, Zhou X, Zhang W, Ma X, Yang D. Evolution and Stress Responses of Gossypium hirsutum SWEET Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E769. [PMID: 29517986 PMCID: PMC5877630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) proteins are sugar efflux transporters containing the MtN3_saliva domain, which affects plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These proteins have not been functionally characterized in the tetraploid cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, which is a widely cultivated cotton species. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the cotton SWEET gene family. A total of 55 putative G. hirsutumSWEET genes were identified. The GhSWEET genes were classified into four clades based on a phylogenetic analysis and on the examination of gene structural features. Moreover, chromosomal localization and an analysis of homologous genes in Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, and G. hirsutum suggested that a whole-genome duplication, several tandem duplications, and a polyploidy event contributed to the expansion of the cotton SWEET gene family, especially in Clade III and IV. Analyses of cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions, expression profiles, and artificial selection revealed that the GhSWEET genes were likely involved in cotton developmental processes and responses to diverse stresses. These findings may clarify the evolution of G. hirsutum SWEET gene family and may provide a foundation for future functional studies of SWEET proteins regarding cotton development and responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Zhongying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Kuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Chengxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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Jia B, Zhu XF, Pu ZJ, Duan YX, Hao LJ, Zhang J, Chen LQ, Jeon CO, Xuan YH. Integrative View of the Diversity and Evolution of SWEET and SemiSWEET Sugar Transporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2178. [PMID: 29326750 PMCID: PMC5742349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) and SemiSWEET are recently characterized families of sugar transporters in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively. SemiSWEETs contain 3 transmembrane helices (TMHs), while SWEETs contain 7. Here, we performed sequence-based comprehensive analyses for SWEETs and SemiSWEETs across the biosphere. In total, 3,249 proteins were identified and ≈60% proteins were found in green plants and Oomycota, which include a number of important plant pathogens. Protein sequence similarity networks indicate that proteins from different organisms are significantly clustered. Of note, SemiSWEETs with 3 or 4 TMHs that may fuse to SWEET were identified in plant genomes. 7-TMH SWEETs were found in bacteria, implying that SemiSWEET can be fused directly in prokaryote. 15-TMH extraSWEET and 25-TMH superSWEET were also observed in wild rice and oomycetes, respectively. The transporters can be classified into 4, 2, 2, and 2 clades in plants, Metazoa, unicellular eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, respectively. The consensus and coevolution of amino acids in SWEETs were identified by multiple sequence alignments. The functions of the highly conserved residues were analyzed by molecular dynamics analysis. The 19 most highly conserved residues in the SWEETs were further confirmed by point mutagenesis using SWEET1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The results proved that the conserved residues located in the extrafacial gate (Y57, G58, G131, and P191), the substrate binding pocket (N73, N192, and W176), and the intrafacial gate (P43, Y83, F87, P145, M161, P162, and Q202) play important roles for substrate recognition and transport processes. Taken together, our analyses provide a foundation for understanding the diversity, classification, and evolution of SWEETs and SemiSWEETs using large-scale sequence analysis and further show that gene duplication and gene fusion are important factors driving the evolution of SWEETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Baolei Jia
| | - Xiao Feng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong Ji Pu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Xi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Jiang Hao
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Che Ok Jeon
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Yuan Hu Xuan
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