1
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Grimaud B, Frétaud M, Terras F, Bénassy A, Duroure K, Bercier V, Trippé-Allard G, Mohammedi R, Gacoin T, Del Bene F, Marquier F, Langevin C, Treussart F. In Vivo Fast Nonlinear Microscopy Reveals Impairment of Fast Axonal Transport Induced by Molecular Motor Imbalances in the Brain of Zebrafish Larvae. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20470-20487. [PMID: 36459488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cargo transport by molecular motors along microtubules is essential for the function of eukaryotic cells, in particular neurons in which axonal transport defects constitute the early pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Mainly studied in motor and sensory neurons, axonal transport is still difficult to characterize in neurons of the brain in absence of appropriate in vivo tools. Here, we measured fast axonal transport by tracing the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) nanocrystals (nanoKTP) endocytosed by brain neurons of zebrafish (Zf) larvae. Thanks to the optical translucency of Zf larvae and to the perfect photostability of nanoKTP SHG, we achieved a high scanning speed of 20 frames (of ≈90 μm × 60 μm size) per second in Zf brain. We focused our study on endolysosomal vesicle transport in axons of known polarization, separately analyzing kinesin and dynein motor-driven displacements. To validate our assay, we used either loss-of-function mutations of dynein or kinesin 1 or the dynein inhibitor dynapyrazole and quantified several transport parameters. We successfully demonstrated that dynapyrazole reduces the nanoKTP mobile fraction and retrograde run length consistently, while the retrograde run length increased in kinesin 1 mutants. Taking advantage of nanoKTP SHG directional emission, we also quantified fluctuations of vesicle orientation. Thus, by combining endocytosis of nanocrystals having a nonlinear response, fast two-photon microscopy, and high-throughput analysis, we are able to finely monitor fast axonal transport in vivo in the brain of a vertebrate and reveal subtle axonal transport alterations. The high spatiotemporal resolution achieved in our model may be relevant to precisely investigate axonal transport impairment associated with disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Grimaud
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxence Frétaud
- INRAE, IERP, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350Jouy-ens-Josas, France
- INRAE, VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Feriel Terras
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Bénassy
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karine Duroure
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, 75012Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bercier
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, 3000Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rabei Mohammedi
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, 75012Paris, France
| | - François Marquier
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - François Treussart
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Li T, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Feng T, Zhang J, Lin Y, Yang P, He S, Zhang H. Transcriptomic Analysis on the Effects of Altered Water Temperature Regime on the Fish Ovarian Development of Coreius guichenoti under the Impact of River Damming. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121829. [PMID: 36552338 PMCID: PMC9775624 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Field investigation indicated that the reduction in fish spawning was associated with the alteration in water temperatures, even a 2-3 °C monthly difference due to reservoir operations. However, the physiological mechanism that influences the development of fish ovary (DFO) remains unclear. Thus, experiments of Coreius guichenoti were conducted at three different temperatures, optimal temperature (~20 °C, N) for fish spawning, lower (~17 °C, L), and higher (~23 °C, H), to reveal the effects of altered water temperature on the DFO. Comparisons were made between the L and N (LvsN) conditions and H and N (HvsN) conditions. Transcriptomic analysis differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) related to heat stress were observed only in LvsN conditions, indicating that the DFO showed a stronger response to changes in LvsN than in HvsN conditions. Upregulation of DETs of vitellogenin receptors in N temperature showed that normal temperature was conducive to vitellogenin entry into the oocytes. Other temperature-sensitive DETs, including microtubule, kinesin, dynein, and actin, were closely associated with cell division and material transport. LvsN significantly impacted cell division and nutrient accumulation in the yolk, whereas HvsN only influenced cell division. Our results highlight the impact of altered water temperature on the DFO, thereby providing insights for future reservoir operations regarding river damming and climate change and establishing fish conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-025-85829769 (Q.C.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Green Development, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-025-85829769 (Q.C.)
| | - Peisi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
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3
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Flex E, Albadri S, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Lauri A, Priolo M, Kissopoulos M, Carpentieri G, Fasano G, Venditti M, Magliocca V, Bellacchio E, Welch CL, Colombo PC, Kochav SM, Chang R, Barrick R, Trivisano M, Micalizzi A, Borghi R, Messina E, Mancini C, Pizzi S, De Santis F, Rosello M, Specchio N, Compagnucci C, McWalter K, Chung WK, Del Bene F, Tartaglia M. Dominantly acting KIF5B variants with pleiotropic cellular consequences cause variable clinical phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:473-488. [PMID: 36018820 PMCID: PMC9851748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are motor proteins involved in microtubule (MT)-mediated intracellular transport. They contribute to key cellular processes, including intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics and cell division. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-encoding genes underlie several human diseases characterized by an extremely variable clinical phenotype, ranging from isolated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders to syndromic phenotypes belonging to a family of conditions collectively termed as 'ciliopathies.' Among kinesins, kinesin-1 is the most abundant MT motor for transport of cargoes towards the plus end of MTs. Three kinesin-1 heavy chain isoforms exist in mammals. Different from KIF5A and KIF5C, which are specifically expressed in neurons and established to cause neurological diseases when mutated, KIF5B is an ubiquitous protein. Three de novo missense KIF5B variants were recently described in four subjects with a syndromic skeletal disorder characterized by kyphomelic dysplasia, hypotonia and DD/ID. Here, we report three dominantly acting KIF5B variants (p.Asn255del, p.Leu498Pro and p.Leu537Pro) resulting in a clinically wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from dilated cardiomyopathy with adult-onset ophthalmoplegia and progressive skeletal myopathy to a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe hypotonia with or without seizures. In vitro and in vivo analyses provide evidence that the identified disease-associated KIF5B variants disrupt lysosomal, autophagosome and mitochondrial organization, and impact cilium biogenesis. All variants, and one of the previously reported missense changes, were shown to affect multiple developmental processes in zebrafish. These findings document pleiotropic consequences of aberrant KIF5B function on development and cell homeostasis, and expand the phenotypic spectrum resulting from altered kinesin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
| | | | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marta Kissopoulos
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kochav
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Rebekah Barrick
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia De Santis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215 Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
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4
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Yang TC, Yarmishyn AA, Yang YP, Lu PC, Chou SJ, Wang ML, Lin TC, Hwang DK, Chou YB, Chen SJ, Yu WK, Wang AG, Hsu CC, Chiou SH. Mitochondrial transport mediates survival of retinal ganglion cells in affected LHON patients. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1454-1464. [PMID: 32277753 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the most common cause of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternal hereditary disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. The characteristics of incomplete penetrance indicate that nuclear genetic and environmental factors also determine phenotypic expression of LHON. Therefore, further understanding of the role of mutant mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit proteins and nuclear genetic factors/environmental effects in the etiology of LHON is needed. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from healthy control, unaffected LHON mutation carrier, and affected LHON patient. hiPSC-derived RGCs were used to study the differences between affected and unaffected carriers of mitochondrial DNA point mutation m.11778G > A in the MT-ND4 gene. We found that both mutated cell lines were characterized by increase in reactive oxygen species production, however, only affected cell line had increased levels of apoptotic cells. We found a significant increase in retrograde mitochondria and a decrease in stationary mitochondria in the affected RGC axons. In addition, the messenger RNA and protein levels of KIF5A in the LHON-affected RGCs were significantly reduced. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine could restore the expression of KIF5A and the normal pattern of mitochondrial movement in the affected RGCs. To conclude, we found essential differences in the mutually dependent processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial transport and apoptosis between two LHON-specific mutation carrier RGC cell lines, asymptomatic carrier and disease-affected, and identified KIF5A as a central modulator of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chun Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chen Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - An-Guor Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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5
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Theisen U, Ernst AU, Heyne RLS, Ring TP, Thorn-Seshold O, Köster RW. Microtubules and motor proteins support zebrafish neuronal migration by directing cargo. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151951. [PMID: 32668451 PMCID: PMC7659711 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration during development is necessary to form an ordered and functional brain. Postmitotic neurons require microtubules and dynein to move, but the mechanisms by which they contribute to migration are not fully characterized. Using tegmental hindbrain nuclei neurons in zebrafish embryos together with subcellular imaging, optogenetics, and photopharmacology, we show that, in vivo, the centrosome's position relative to the nucleus is not linked to greatest motility in this cell type. Nevertheless, microtubules, dynein, and kinesin-1 are essential for migration, and we find that interference with endosome formation or the Golgi apparatus impairs migration to a similar extent as disrupting microtubules. In addition, an imbalance in the traffic of the model cargo Cadherin-2 also reduces neuronal migration. These results lead us to propose that microtubules act as cargo carriers to control spatiotemporal protein distribution, which in turn controls motility. This adds crucial insights into the variety of ways that microtubules can support successful neuronal migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Theisen
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander U Ernst
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany.,University of Bern, Institute of Anatomy, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronja L S Heyne
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany.,Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias P Ring
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Acoustics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Naef V, Mero S, Fichi G, D'Amore A, Ogi A, Gemignani F, Santorelli FM, Marchese M. Swimming in Deep Water: Zebrafish Modeling of Complicated Forms of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Spastic Ataxia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1311. [PMID: 31920481 PMCID: PMC6914767 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and hereditary ataxia (HA) are two groups of disorders characterized, respectively, by progressive dysfunction or degeneration of the pyramidal tracts (HSP) and of the Purkinje cells and spinocerebellar tracts (HA). Although HSP and HA are generally shown to have distinct clinical-genetic profiles, in several cases the clinical presentation, the causative genes, and the cellular pathways and mechanisms involved overlap between the two forms. Genetic analyses in humans in combination with in vitro and in vivo studies using model systems have greatly expanded our knowledge of spinocerebellar degenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate model widely used in biomedical research since its overall nervous system organization is similar to that of humans. A critical analysis of the literature suggests that zebrafish could serve as a powerful experimental tool for molecular and genetic dissection of both HA and HSP. The zebrafish, found to be very useful for demonstrating the causal relationship between defect and mutation, also offers a useful platform to exploit for the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Naef
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Mero
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fichi
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Toscana Sud (Sede Grosseto), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Toscana M. Aleandri, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Angelica D'Amore
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Asahi Ogi
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Marchese
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Madani Tonekaboni SA, Manem VSK, El-Hachem N, Haibe-Kains B. SIGN: similarity identification in gene expression. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:4830-4833. [PMID: 31198954 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION High-throughput molecular profiles of human cells have been used in predictive computational approaches for stratification of healthy and malignant phenotypes and identification of their biological states. In this regard, pathway activities have been used as biological features in unsupervised and supervised learning schemes. RESULTS We developed SIGN (Similarity Identification in Gene expressioN), a flexible open-source R package facilitating the use of pathway activities and their expression patterns to identify similarities between biological samples. We defined a new measure, the transcriptional similarity coefficient, which captures similarity of gene expression patterns, instead of quantifying overall activity, in biological pathways between the samples. To demonstrate the utility of SIGN in biomedical research, we establish that SIGN discriminates subtypes of breast tumors and patients with good or poor overall survival. SIGN outperforms the best models in DREAM challenge in predicting survival of breast cancer patients using the data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium. In summary, SIGN can be used as a new tool for interrogating pathway activity and gene expression patterns in unsupervised and supervised learning schemes to improve prognostic risk estimation for cancer patients by the biomedical research community. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION An open-source R package is available (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SIGN/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Venkata Satya Kumar Manem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Nehme El-Hachem
- Integrative Systems Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada.,Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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8
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Fichi G, Naef V, Barca A, Longo G, Fronte B, Verri T, Santorelli FM, Marchese M, Petruzzella V. Fishing in the Cell Powerhouse: Zebrafish as A Tool for Exploration of Mitochondrial Defects Affecting the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102409. [PMID: 31096646 PMCID: PMC6567007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small vertebrate ideally suited to the modeling of human diseases. Large numbers of genetic alterations have now been modeled and could be used to study organ development by means of a genetic approach. To date, limited attention has been paid to the possible use of the zebrafish toolbox in studying human mitochondrial disorders affecting the nervous system. Here, we review the pertinent scientific literature discussing the use of zebrafish in modeling gene mutations involved in mitochondria-related neurological human diseases. A critical analysis of the literature suggests that the zebrafish not only lends itself to exploration of the pathological consequences of mitochondrial energy output on the nervous system but could also serve as an attractive platform for future drugs in an as yet untreatable category of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Fichi
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56028 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Naef
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56028 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Amilcare Barca
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Marchese
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56028 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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9
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Fei Z, Bae K, Parent SE, Wan H, Goodwin K, Theisen U, Tanentzapf G, Bruce AEE. A cargo model of yolk syncytial nuclear migration during zebrafish epiboly. Development 2019; 146:dev.169664. [PMID: 30509968 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fish, the multinucleate yolk syncytial layer functions as an extra-embryonic signaling center to pattern mesendoderm, coordinate morphogenesis and supply nutrients to the embryo. External yolk syncytial nuclei (e-YSN) undergo microtubule-dependent movements that distribute the nuclei over the large yolk mass. How e-YSN migration proceeds, and the role of the yolk microtubules, is not understood, but it is proposed that e-YSN are pulled vegetally as the microtubule network shortens from the vegetal pole. Live imaging revealed that nuclei migrate along microtubules, consistent with a cargo model in which e-YSN are moved down the microtubules by direct association with motor proteins. We found that blocking the plus-end directed microtubule motor kinesin significantly attenuated yolk nuclear movement. Blocking the outer nuclear membrane LINC complex protein Syne2a also slowed e-YSN movement. We propose that e-YSN movement is mediated by the LINC complex, which functions as the adaptor between yolk nuclei and motor proteins. Our work provides new insights into the role of microtubules in morphogenesis of an extra-embryonic tissue and further contributes to the understanding of nuclear migration mechanisms during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Fei
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Koeun Bae
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Serge E Parent
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Haoyu Wan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver Campus, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ulrike Theisen
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver Campus, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ashley E E Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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Santos-Ledo A, Garcia-Macia M, Campbell PD, Gronska M, Marlow FL. Kinesin-1 promotes chondrocyte maintenance during skeletal morphogenesis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006918. [PMID: 28715414 PMCID: PMC5536392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During skeletal morphogenesis diverse mechanisms are used to support bone formation. This can be seen in the bones that require a cartilage template for their development. In mammals the cartilage template is removed, but in zebrafish the cartilage template persists and the bone mineralizes around the cartilage scaffold. Remodeling of unmineralized cartilage occurs via planar cell polarity (PCP) mediated cell rearrangements that contribute to lengthening of elements; however, the mechanisms that maintain the chondrocyte template that supports perichondral ossification remain unclear. We report double mutants disrupting two zebrafish kinesin-I genes (hereafter kif5Blof) that we generated using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. We show that zygotic Kif5Bs have a conserved function in maintaining muscle integrity, and are required for cartilage remodeling and maintenance during craniofacial morphogenesis by a PCP-distinct mechanism. Further, kif5Blof does not activate ER stress response genes, but instead disrupts lysosomal function, matrix secretion, and causes deregulated autophagic markers and eventual chondrocyte apoptosis. Ultrastructural and transplantation analysis reveal neighboring cells engulfing extruded kif5Blof chondrocytes. Initial cartilage specification is intact; however, during remodeling, kif5Blof chondrocytes die and the cartilage matrix devoid of hypertrophic chondrocytes remains and impedes normal ossification. Chimeric and mosaic analyses indicate that Kif5B functions cell-autonomously in secretion, nuclear position, cell elongation and maintenance of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Interestingly, large groups of wild-type cells can support elongation of neighboring mutant cells. Finally, mosaic expression of kif5Ba, but not kif5Aa in cartilage rescues the chondrocyte phenotype, further supporting a specific requirement for Kif5B. Cumulatively, we show essential Kif5B functions in promoting cartilage remodeling and chondrocyte maintenance during zebrafish craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Santos-Ledo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Genetic Medicine. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biosciences. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cellular Medicine. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Campbell
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta Gronska
- Department of Neuroscience. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Cell Developmental and Regenerative Biology Department. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. New York, New York, United States of America
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11
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockin and Knockout in Zebrafish. RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN NEUROSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60192-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Kozol RA, Abrams AJ, James DM, Buglo E, Yan Q, Dallman JE. Function Over Form: Modeling Groups of Inherited Neurological Conditions in Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:55. [PMID: 27458342 PMCID: PMC4935692 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a unique cell to behavior model for studying the basic biology of human inherited neurological conditions. Conserved vertebrate genetics and optical transparency provide in vivo access to the developing nervous system as well as high-throughput approaches for drug screens. Here we review zebrafish modeling for two broad groups of inherited conditions that each share genetic and molecular pathways and overlap phenotypically: neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID) and Schizophrenia (SCZ), and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Cerebellar Ataxia (CATX), Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease (CMT). We also conduct a small meta-analysis of zebrafish orthologs of high confidence neurodevelopmental disorder and neurodegenerative disease genes by looking at duplication rates and relative protein sizes. In the past zebrafish genetic models of these neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have provided insight into cellular, circuit and behavioral level mechanisms contributing to these conditions. Moving forward, advances in genetic manipulation, live imaging of neuronal activity and automated high-throughput molecular screening promise to help delineate the mechanistic relationships between different types of neurological conditions and accelerate discovery of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kozol
- Department of Biology, University of MiamiCoral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Alexander J. Abrams
- Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
| | - David M. James
- Department of Biology, University of MiamiCoral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Elena Buglo
- Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Biology, University of MiamiCoral Gables, FL, USA
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13
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Di Donato V, De Santis F, Auer TO, Testa N, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Mercader N, Concordet JP, Del Bene F. 2C-Cas9: a versatile tool for clonal analysis of gene function. Genome Res 2016; 26:681-92. [PMID: 26957310 PMCID: PMC4864464 DOI: 10.1101/gr.196170.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis allows efficient generation of loss-of-function alleles in zebrafish. To date, this technology has been primarily used to generate genetic knockout animals. Nevertheless, the study of the function of certain loci might require tight spatiotemporal control of gene inactivation. Here, we show that tissue-specific gene disruption can be achieved by driving Cas9 expression with the Gal4/UAS system. Furthermore, by combining the Gal4/UAS and Cre/loxP systems, we establish a versatile tool to genetically label mutant cell clones, enabling their phenotypic analysis. Our technique has the potential to be applied to diverse model organisms, enabling tissue-specific loss-of-function and phenotypic characterization of live and fixed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Donato
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U 934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Flavia De Santis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U 934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas O Auer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U 934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Noé Testa
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U 934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U 934, CNRS UMR3215, F-75005, Paris, France
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14
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Campbell PD, Heim AE, Smith MZ, Marlow FL. Kinesin-1 interacts with Bucky ball to form germ cells and is required to pattern the zebrafish body axis. Development 2015; 142:2996-3008. [PMID: 26253407 PMCID: PMC4582183 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In animals, specification of the primordial germ cells (PGCs), the stem cells of the germ line, is required to transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. Bucky ball (Buc) is essential for germ plasm (GP) assembly in oocytes, and its overexpression results in excess PGCs in zebrafish embryos. However, the mechanistic basis for the excess PGCs in response to Buc overexpression, and whether endogenous Buc functions during embryogenesis, are unknown. Here, we show that endogenous Buc, like GP and overexpressed Buc-GFP, accumulates at embryonic cleavage furrows. Furthermore, we show that the maternally expressed zebrafish Kinesin-1 Kif5Ba is a binding partner of Buc and that maternal kif5Ba (Mkif5Ba) plays an essential role in germline specification in vivo. Specifically, Mkif5Ba is required to recruit GP to cleavage furrows and thereby specifies PGCs. Moreover, Mkif5Ba is required to enrich Buc at cleavage furrows and for the ability of Buc to promote excess PGCs, providing mechanistic insight into how Buc functions to assemble embryonic GP. In addition, we show that Mkif5Ba is also essential for dorsoventral (DV) patterning. Specifically, Mkif5Ba promotes formation of the parallel vegetal microtubule array required to asymmetrically position dorsal determinants (DDs) towards the prospective dorsal side. Interestingly, whereas Syntabulin and wnt8a translocation depend on kif5Ba, grip2a translocation does not, providing evidence for two distinct mechanisms by which DDs might be asymmetrically distributed. These studies identify essential roles for maternal Kif5Ba in PGC specification and DV patterning, and provide mechanistic insight into Buc functions during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Campbell
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amanda E Heim
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mordechai Z Smith
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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15
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Watt D, Dixit R, Cavalli V. JIP3 Activates Kinesin-1 Motility to Promote Axon Elongation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15512-15525. [PMID: 25944905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 is a molecular motor responsible for cargo transport along microtubules and plays critical roles in polarized cells, such as neurons. Kinesin-1 can function as a dimer of two kinesin heavy chains (KHC), which harbor the motor domain, or as a tetramer in combination with two accessory light chains (KLC). To ensure proper cargo distribution, kinesin-1 activity is precisely regulated. Both KLC and KHC subunits bind cargoes or regulatory proteins to engage the motor for movement along microtubules. We previously showed that the scaffolding protein JIP3 interacts directly with KHC in addition to its interaction with KLC and positively regulates dimeric KHC motility. Here we determined the stoichiometry of JIP3-KHC complexes and observed approximately four JIP3 molecules binding per KHC dimer. We then determined whether JIP3 activates tetrameric kinesin-1 motility. Using an in vitro motility assay, we show that JIP3 binding to KLC engages kinesin-1 with microtubules and that JIP3 binding to KHC promotes kinesin-1 motility along microtubules. We tested the in vivo relevance of these findings using axon elongation as a model for kinesin-1-dependent cellular function. We demonstrate that JIP3 binding to KHC, but not KLC, is essential for axon elongation in hippocampal neurons as well as axon regeneration in sensory neurons. These findings reveal that JIP3 regulation of kinesin-1 motility is critical for axon elongation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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16
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Abstract
Mutations in Kinesin proteins (Kifs) are linked to various neurological diseases, but the specific and redundant functions of the vertebrate Kifs are incompletely understood. For example, Kif5A, but not other Kinesin-1 heavy-chain family members, is implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP), but the mechanism of its involvement in the progressive axonal degeneration characteristic of these diseases is not well understood. We report that zebrafish kif5Aa mutants exhibit hyperexcitability, peripheral polyneuropathy, and axonal degeneration reminiscent of CMT and HSP. Strikingly, although kif5 genes are thought to act largely redundantly in other contexts, and zebrafish peripheral neurons express five kif5 genes, kif5Aa mutant peripheral sensory axons lack mitochondria and degenerate. We show that this Kif5Aa-specific function is cell autonomous and is mediated by its C-terminal tail, as only Kif5Aa and chimeric motors containing the Kif5Aa C-tail can rescue deficits. Finally, concurrent loss of the kinesin-3, kif1b, or its adaptor kbp, exacerbates axonal degeneration via a nonmitochondrial cargo common to Kif5Aa. Our results shed light on Kinesin complexity and reveal determinants of specific Kif5A functions in mitochondrial transport, adaptor binding, and axonal maintenance.
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18
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Babin PJ, Goizet C, Raldúa D. Zebrafish models of human motor neuron diseases: advantages and limitations. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 118:36-58. [PMID: 24705136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are an etiologically heterogeneous group of disorders of neurodegenerative origin, which result in degeneration of lower (LMNs) and/or upper motor neurons (UMNs). Neurodegenerative MNDs include pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), which involves specific degeneration of UMNs, leading to progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. In contrast, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) involves the specific degeneration of LMNs, with symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult-onset MND, is characterized by the degeneration of both UMNs and LMNs, leading to progressive muscle weakness, atrophy, and spasticity. A review of the comparative neuroanatomy of the human and zebrafish motor systems showed that, while the zebrafish was a homologous model for LMN disorders, such as SMA, it was only partially relevant in the case of UMN disorders, due to the absence of corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts in its central nervous system. Even considering the limitation of this model to fully reproduce the human UMN disorders, zebrafish offer an excellent alternative vertebrate model for the molecular and genetic dissection of MND mechanisms. Its advantages include the conservation of genome and physiological processes and applicable in vivo tools, including easy imaging, loss or gain of function methods, behavioral tests to examine changes in motor activity, and the ease of simultaneous chemical/drug testing on large numbers of animals. This facilitates the assessment of the environmental origin of MNDs, alone or in combination with genetic traits and putative modifier genes. Positive hits obtained by phenotype-based small-molecule screening using zebrafish may potentially be effective drugs for treatment of human MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Babin
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), EA 4576, Talence, France.
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), EA 4576, Talence, France; CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
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19
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Auer TO, Duroure K, De Cian A, Concordet JP, Del Bene F. Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in in zebrafish by homology-independent DNA repair. Genome Res 2014; 24:142-53. [PMID: 24179142 PMCID: PMC3875856 DOI: 10.1101/gr.161638.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-specific nucleases like TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas9 system have greatly expanded the genome editing possibilities in model organisms such as zebrafish. Both systems have recently been used to create knock-out alleles with great efficiency, and TALENs have also been successfully employed in knock-in of DNA cassettes at defined loci via homologous recombination (HR). Here we report CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of DNA cassettes into the zebrafish genome at a very high rate by homology-independent double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. After co-injection of a donor plasmid with a short guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 nuclease mRNA, concurrent cleavage of donor plasmid DNA and the selected chromosomal integration site resulted in efficient targeted integration of donor DNA. We successfully employed this approach to convert eGFP into Gal4 transgenic lines, and the same plasmids and sgRNAs can be applied in any species where eGFP lines were generated as part of enhancer and gene trap screens. In addition, we show the possibility of easily targeting DNA integration at endogenous loci, thus greatly facilitating the creation of reporter and loss-of-function alleles. Due to its simplicity, flexibility, and very high efficiency, our method greatly expands the repertoire for genome editing in zebrafish and can be readily adapted to many other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O. Auer
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS UMR 3215, Paris F-75248, France
- INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris, France
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karine Duroure
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS UMR 3215, Paris F-75248, France
- INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris F-75231, France
- CNRS UMR 7196, Paris F-75231, France
- INSERM U565, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris F-75231, France
- CNRS UMR 7196, Paris F-75231, France
- INSERM U565, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS UMR 3215, Paris F-75248, France
- INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris, France
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