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Yang HJ, Seo HJ, Kim YH, Yun G, Lee MJ, Yoo YD, Shin KH, Choi KH, Jang SH. Effects of harmful microalgae on the behavior and morphology of ephyrae of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116640. [PMID: 38941807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Although microalgae typically serve as prey for jellyfish ephyrae in marine food webs, this study investigated the potential of harmful microalgae to produce detrimental effects on the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita. Understanding the biological interactions between Aurelia and microalgal species is crucial, particularly considering their common co-occurrence in coastal waters worldwide. We examined the effects of 11 protist strains, comprising seven species of harmful microalgae and two non-toxic microalgae, on A. aurita ephyrae. The rhythmic pulsation behavior of A. aurita was significantly suppressed when exposed to the raphidophytes Heterosigma akashiwo and Chattonella marina var. ovata and the dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae, Coolia canariensis, and Pfiesteria piscicida. Notably, the media filtrates of all H. akashiwo strains and C. marina var. ovata killed ephyrae, implying a possible extracellular release of chemicals. This study discovered novel interactions between microalgae and jellyfish ephyrae, implying that harmful algal blooms may suppress mass occurrences of Aurelia medusae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Yang
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Geon Yun
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Moo Joon Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon 23038, South Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Kyong Ho Shin
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hyung Choi
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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2
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Dougan KE, Deng ZL, Wöhlbrand L, Reuse C, Bunk B, Chen Y, Hartlich J, Hiller K, John U, Kalvelage J, Mansky J, Neumann-Schaal M, Overmann J, Petersen J, Sanchez-Garcia S, Schmidt-Hohagen K, Shah S, Spröer C, Sztajer H, Wang H, Bhattacharya D, Rabus R, Jahn D, Chan CX, Wagner-Döbler I. Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a "red tide" dinoflagellate. Genome Biol 2023; 24:265. [PMID: 37996937 PMCID: PMC10666404 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Red tides" are harmful algal blooms caused by dinoflagellate microalgae that accumulate toxins lethal to other organisms, including humans via consumption of contaminated seafood. These algal blooms are driven by a combination of environmental factors including nutrient enrichment, particularly in warm waters, and are increasingly frequent. The molecular, regulatory, and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the heat stress response in these harmful bloom-forming algal species remain little understood, due in part to the limited genomic resources from dinoflagellates, complicated by the large sizes of genomes, exhibiting features atypical of eukaryotes. RESULTS We present the de novo assembled genome (~ 4.75 Gbp with 85,849 protein-coding genes), transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome from Prorocentrum cordatum, a globally abundant, bloom-forming dinoflagellate. Using axenic algal cultures, we study the molecular mechanisms that underpin the algal response to heat stress, which is relevant to current ocean warming trends. We present the first evidence of a complementary interplay between RNA editing and exon usage that regulates the expression and functional diversity of biomolecules, reflected by reduction in photosynthesis, central metabolism, and protein synthesis. These results reveal genomic signatures and post-transcriptional regulation for the first time in a pelagic dinoflagellate. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics analyses uncover the molecular response to heat stress in an important bloom-forming algal species, which is driven by complex gene structures in a large, high-G+C genome, combined with multi-level transcriptional regulation. The dynamics and interplay of molecular regulatory mechanisms may explain in part how dinoflagellates diversified to become some of the most ecologically successful organisms on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Dougan
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Luo Deng
- Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Reuse
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yibi Chen
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Juliane Hartlich
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jana Kalvelage
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Mansky
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Petersen
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Selene Sanchez-Garcia
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sarah Shah
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helena Sztajer
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ralf Rabus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany.
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Shi ZZ, Yin XL, Ji NY. Trichoderols B-G, Six New Lipids from the Marine Algicolous Fungus Trichoderma sp. Z43. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:453. [PMID: 37623734 PMCID: PMC10456296 DOI: 10.3390/md21080453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Six new lipids, trichoderols B-G (1-6), along with a known one, triharzianin B (7), were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma sp. Z43 obtained from the surface of the marine brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata. Their structures and relative configurations were identified by interpretation of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. Compounds 1-7 were assayed for inhibiting the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium graminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, and Glomerella cingulata), four marine phytoplankton species (Amphidinium carterae, Heterocapsa circularisquama, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Prorocentrum donghaiense), and one marine zooplankton (Artemia salina). Compounds 1, 4, and 7 exhibited weak antifungal activities against three phytopathogenic fungi tested with MIC ≥ 64 μg/mL. All compounds displayed moderate antimicroalgal activity with IC50 ≥ 15 μg/mL and low toxicity to the brine shrimp Artemia salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Shi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Z.-Z.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
| | - Xiu-Li Yin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Z.-Z.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Z.-Z.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Shandong Saline-Alkaline Land Modern Agriculture Company, Dongying 257345, China
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Mafra LL, Sunesen I, Pires E, Nascimento SM, Álvarez G, Mancera-Pineda JE, Torres G, Carnicer O, Huamaní Galindo JA, Sanchez Ramirez S, Martínez-Goicoechea A, Morales-Benavides D, Valerio-González L. Benthic harmful microalgae and their impacts in South America. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 127:102478. [PMID: 37544678 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Public awareness about Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs) and their negative impacts has increased substantially over the past few decades. Even so, reports of BHABs remain relatively scarce in South America (SA). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on BHABs in the continent, by integrating data from published articles, books, and technical reports. We recorded ∼300 different occurrences of potentially toxic BHAB species over the Caribbean, Atlantic and Pacific coasts, mostly in marine (>95%) but also in estuarine areas located from 12⁰36' N to 54⁰53' S. Over 70% of the data was published/released within the past 10 years, and ∼85% were concentrated in Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador and Colombia. Benthic species were mainly associated with macroalgae, seagrass and sediment. Incidental detection in the plankton was also relevant, mainly in places where studies targeting BHAB species are still rare, like Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Peru. The study listed 31 infrageneric taxa of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates and eight of estuarine cyanobacteria occurring in SA, with the greatest species diversity recorded in the equatorial-tropical zone, mainly in northeastern Brazil (Atlantic), Venezuela and Colombia (Caribbean), and the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Pacific). Local strains of Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Coolia and Prorocentrum spp. produced toxic compounds of emerging concern. Prorocentrum lima species complex was the most common and widely distributed taxon, followed by Ostreopsis cf. ovata. In fact, these two dinoflagellates were associated with most BHAB events in SA. Whereas the former has caused the contamination of multiple marine organisms and cases of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning in subtropical and temperate areas, the latter has been associated with faunal mortalities and is suspected of causing respiratory illness to beach users in tropical places. Ciguatera Poisoning has been reported in Colombia (∼240 cases; no deaths) and Venezuela (60 cases; two deaths), and may be also a risk in other places where Gambierdiscus spp. and Fukuyoa paulensis have been reported, such as the Galapagos Islands and the tropical Brazilian coast. Despite the recent advances, negative impacts from BHABs in SA are intensified by limited research/training funding, as well as the lack of official HAB monitoring and poor analytical capability for species identification and toxin detection in parts of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz L Mafra
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Anibal Khury, 2033 - P.O. Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - Inés Sunesen
- División Ficología Dr. Sebastián Guarrera, FCNyM, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Pires
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Anibal Khury, 2033 - P.O. Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Silvia Mattos Nascimento
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile
| | - Josè Ernesto Mancera-Pineda
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá.Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias. Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gladys Torres
- Instituto Oceanográfico y Antártico de la Armada (INOCAR), Vía Puerto Marítimo, Av. 25 de Julio, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Olga Carnicer
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - José Alexis Huamaní Galindo
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Laboratorio de Fitoplancton y Producción Primaria. Esq Gamarra y Gral Valle s/n Chucuito- Callao, Peru
| | - Sonia Sanchez Ramirez
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Laboratorio de Fitoplancton y Producción Primaria. Esq Gamarra y Gral Valle s/n Chucuito- Callao, Peru
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Yang X, Yan Z, Chen J, Wang D, Li K. Acute Toxicity of the Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2023; 11:370. [PMID: 37112597 PMCID: PMC10144361 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium can produce a variety of polyketides, such as amphidinols (AMs), amphidinoketides, and amphidinin, that have hemolytic, cytotoxic, and fish mortality properties. AMs pose a significant threat to ecological function due to their membrane-disrupting and permeabilizing properties, as well as their hydrophobicity. Our research aims to investigate the disparate distribution of AMs between intracellular and extracellular environments, as well as the threat that AMs pose to aquatic organisms. As a result, AMs containing sulphate groups such as AM19 with lower bioactivity comprised the majority of A. carterae strain GY-H35, while AMs without sulphate groups such as AM18 with higher bioactivity displayed a higher proportion and hemolytic activity in the extracellular environment, suggesting that AMs may serve as allelochemicals. When the concentration of extracellular crude extracts of AMs reached 0.81 µg/mL in the solution, significant differences in zebrafish embryonic mortality and malformation were observed. Over 96 hpf, 0.25 μL/mL of AMs could cause significant pericardial edema, heart rate decrease, pectoral fin deformation, and spinal deformation in zebrafish larvae. Our findings emphasized the necessity of conducting systematic research on the differences between the intracellular and extracellular distribution of toxins to gain a more accurate understanding of their effects on humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Derui Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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6
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Durán-Riveroll LM, Weber J, Krock B. First Identification of Amphidinols from Mexican Strains and New Analogs. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:163. [PMID: 36828476 PMCID: PMC9961859 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Amphidinium has been the subject of recent attention due to the production of polyketide metabolites. Some of these compounds have shown significant bioactivities and could be related to species interactions in the natural benthic microenvironment. Among these compounds, amphidinols (AMs) are suspected to be related to fish kills and probably implicated in ciguatera symptoms associated with the occurrence of benthic harmful algal blooms (bHABs). Here, we present the first report of a variety of AMs produced by cultured strains from several species from the Mexican Pacific, the Gulf of California, and the Gulf of Mexico. Through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), ten previously known AMs (AM02, -04, -05, -06, -07, -09, -11, -14, -15, and -17), four recently reported AMs (N7, N8/N9, N12, and N13), and three new variants (U1, U2, and U3) were identified. Of the twelve analyzed Amphidinium cultures, five were not AM producers, and the cell quotas of the remaining seven strains ranged from close to nondetectable to a maximum of 1694 fg cell-1, with many intermediate levels in between. The cultures from the Mexican North Pacific coast produced AMs in a higher quantity and variety than those from worldwide locations. This is the first study of AMs from Mexican Amphidinium strains, and our results confirm the relevance of continuing the investigation of the genus bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena M. Durán-Riveroll
- CONACyT-Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jannik Weber
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Hochschule RheinMain, 65428 Rüsselsheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Morales-Amador A, Souto ML, Hertweck C, Fernández JJ, García-Altares M. Rapid Screening of Polyol Polyketides from Marine Dinoflagellates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14205-14213. [PMID: 36190828 PMCID: PMC9583072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Dinoflagellate-derived
polyketides are typically large molecules
(>1000 Da) with complex structures, potent bioactivities, and high
toxicities. Their discovery suffers three major bottlenecks: insufficient
bioavailability, low-yield cultivation of producer organisms, and
production of multiple highly related analogues by a single strain.
Consequently, the biotechnological production of therapeutics or toxicological
standards of dinoflagellate-derived polyketides is also hampered.
Strategies based on sensitive and selective techniques for chemical
prospection of dinoflagellate extracts could aid in overcoming these
limitations, as it allows selecting the most interesting candidates
for discovery and exploitation programs according to the biosynthetic
potential. In this work, we assess the combination of data-dependent
liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry
(LC–HRMS2) and molecular networking to screen polyol
polyketides. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we selected
dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae since it is commonly used as a biotechnological model and produces
amphidinols, a family of polyol-polyene compounds with antifungal
and antimycoplasmal activity. First, we screened families of compounds
with multiple hydroxyl groups by examining MS2 profiles
that contain sequential neutral losses of water. Then, we clustered
MS2 spectra by molecular networking to facilitate the dereplication
and discovery of amphidinols. Finally, we used the MS2 fragmentation
behavior of well-characterized luteophanol D as a model to propose
a structural hypothesis of nine novel amphidinols. We envision that
this strategy is a valuable approach to rapidly monitoring toxin production
of known and unknown polyol polyketides in dinoflagellates, even in
small culture volumes, and distinguishing strains according to their
toxin profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Morales-Amador
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María L Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - José J Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - María García-Altares
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Monitoring of benthic eukaryotic communities in two tropical coastal lagoons through eDNA metabarcoding: a spatial and temporal approximation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10089. [PMID: 35710829 PMCID: PMC9203746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical coastal lagoons are important ecosystems that support high levels of biodiversity and provide several goods and services. Monitoring of benthic biodiversity and detection of harmful or invasive species is crucial, particularly in relation to seasonal and spatial variation of environmental conditions. In this study, eDNA metabarcoding was used in two tropical coastal lagoons, Chacahua (CH) and Corralero (C) (Southern Mexican Pacific), to describe the benthic biodiversity and its spatial–temporal dynamics. The distribution of benthic diversity within the lagoons showed a very particular pattern evidencing a transition from freshwater to seawater. Although the two lagoon systems are similar in terms of the species composition of metazoans and microeukaryotes, our findings indicate that they are different in taxa richness and structure, resulting in regional partitioning of the diversity with salinity as the driving factor of community composition in CH. Harmful, invasive, non-indigenous species, bioindicators and species of commercial importance were detected, demonstrating the reach of this technique for biodiversity monitoring along with the continued efforts of building species reference libraries.
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Stabili L, Licciano M, Giangrande A, Caroppo C. Filtration of the Microalga Amphidinium carterae by the Polychaetes Sabella spallanzanii and Branchiomma luctuosum: A New Tool for the Control of Harmful Algal Blooms? Microorganisms 2022; 10:156. [PMID: 35056605 PMCID: PMC8778104 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are extreme biological events representing a major issue in marine, brackish, and freshwater systems worldwide. Their proliferation is certainly a problem from both ecological and socioeconomic contexts, as harmful algae can affect human health and activities, the marine ecosystem functioning, and the economy of coastal areas. Once HABs establish, valuable and environmentally friendly control actions are needed to reduce their negative impacts. In this study, the influence exerted by the filter-feeding activity of the two sabellid polychaetes Branchiomma luctuosum (Grube) and Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin) on a harmful dinoflagellate was investigated. Clearance rates (C) and retention efficiencies were estimated by employing the microalga Amphidinium carterae Hulburt. The Cmax was 1.15 ± 0.204 L h-1 g-1 DW for B. luctuosum and 0.936 ± 0.151 L h-1 g-1 DW for S. spallanzanii. The retention efficiency was 72% for B. luctuosum and 68% for S. spallanzanii. Maximum retention was recorded after 30 min for both species. The obtained results contribute to the knowledge of the two polychaetes' filtration activity and to characterize the filtration process on harmful microalgae in light of the protection of water resources and human health. Both species, indeed, were extremely efficient in removing A. carterae from seawater, thus suggesting their employment as a new tool in mitigation technologies for the control of harmful algae in marine environments, as well as in the aquaculture facilities where HABs are one of the most critical threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.)
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), Taranto Section CNR, 74121 Taranto, Italy
| | - Margherita Licciano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Carmela Caroppo
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), Taranto Section CNR, 74121 Taranto, Italy
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10
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Amaral-Zettler LA, Ballerini T, Zettler ER, Asbun AA, Adame A, Casotti R, Dumontet B, Donnarumma V, Engelmann JC, Frère L, Mansui J, Philippon M, Pietrelli L, Sighicelli M. Diversity and predicted inter- and intra-domain interactions in the Mediterranean Plastisphere. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117439. [PMID: 34438479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the biogeography, the presence and diversity of potentially harmful taxa harbored, and potential interactions between and within bacterial and eukaryotic domains of life on plastic debris in the Mediterranean. Using a combination of high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS), Causal Network Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), we show regional differences and gradients in the Mediterranean microbial communities associated with marine litter, positive causal effects between microbes including between and within domains of life, and how these might impact the marine ecosystems surrounding them. Adjacent seas within the Mediterranean region showed a gradient in the microbial communities on plastic with non-overlapping endpoints (Adriatic and Ligurian Seas). The largest predicted inter-domain effects included positive effects of a novel red-algal Plastisphere member on its potential microbiome community. Freshwater and marine samples housed a diversity of fungi including some related to disease-causing microbes. Algal species related to those responsible for Harmful Blooms (HABs) were also observed on plastic pieces including members of genera not previously reported on Plastic Marine Debris (PMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Amaral-Zettler
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tosca Ballerini
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France; Thalassa - Marine Research and Science Communication, 40 Rue Francis Davso, 13001, Marseille, France
| | - Erik R Zettler
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Abdala Asbun
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Adame
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casotti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Dumontet
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | | | - Julia C Engelmann
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Laura Frère
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Jeremy Mansui
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Marion Philippon
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Loris Pietrelli
- Chemistry Department - Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
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11
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Shang L, Xu Y, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Wang J, Chen J, Deng Y, Hu Z, Tang YZ. Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146484. [PMID: 33774286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium has been well known for causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) worldwide. Several non-PSP toxin-producing species, however, have shown to exhibit fish-killing toxicity. Here, we report the allelopathic activity of Alexandrium leei from Malaysia to other algal species, and its toxicity to finfish and zooplankton, via laboratory bioassays. Thirteen microalgal species that co-cultured with Al. leei revealed large variability in the allelopathic effects of Al. leei on the test algae, with the growth inhibition rates ranging from 0 to 100%. The negative allelopathic effects of Al. leei on microalgae included loss of flagella and thus the motility, damages of chain structure, deformation in cell morphology, and eventually cell lysis. The finfish experienced 100% mortality within 24 h exposed to the live culture (2000-6710 cells·mL-1), while the rotifer and brine shrimp exhibited 96-100% and 90-100% mortalities within 48 h when exposed to 500-6000 cells·mL-1 of Al. leei. The mortality of the test animals depended on the Al. leei cell density exposed, leading to a linear relationship between mortality and cell density for the finfish, and a logarithmic relationship for the two zooplankters. When exposed to the treatments using Al. leei whole live culture, cell-free culture medium, extract of algal cells in the f/2-Si medium, extract of methanol, and the re-suspended freeze-and-thaw algal cells, the test organisms (Ak. sanguinea and rotifers) all died at the cell density of 8100 cells·mL-1 within 24 h. Toxin analyses by HILIC-ESI-TOF/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS demonstrated that Al. leei did not produce PSP-toxins and 13-desmethyl spirolide C. Overall, our findings demonstrated potent allelopathy and toxicity of Al. leei, which do not only pose threats to the aquaculture industry, fisheries, and marine ecosystems but may also play a part role in the population dynamics and bloom formation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yangbing Xu
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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12
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Mejía-Camacho AL, Durán-Riveroll LM, Cembella AD. Toxicity Bioassay and Cytotoxic Effects of the Benthic Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium operculatum. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:33-45. [PMID: 33925574 PMCID: PMC8167632 DOI: 10.3390/jox11020003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic dinoflagellates produce a wide array of bioactive compounds, primarily polyketides, that cause toxic effects on human consumers of seafood and perhaps mediate species interactions in the benthic microenvironment. This study assesses toxic and other bioactive effects of the benthic dinoflagellate Amphidinium operculatum (strain AA60) in two targeted bioassays. The brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay revealed lethal effects of direct exposure to live dinoflagellate cells (Treatment A) and even higher potency with ethanolic extracts of lysed cells (Treatment D). There were no inimical bioactive effects of components released to the aqueous growth medium (Treatment B) or from aqueous cell lysates (Treatment C). The hypothesis that released bioactive compounds provide a chemical defense against metazoan grazers is therefore not supported by these results. The cytotoxic effect of ethanolic crude extracts of this dinoflagellate exhibited mild to high growth reduction effects on six human cancer cell lines. In particular, crude cell-free extracts proved highly growth-inhibitory activity towards breast and lung cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SKLU-1, respectively. Preliminary anti-cancer results indicate that natural bioactive compounds from Amphidinium are worthy of structural characterization and further toxicological investigation as potential therapeutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Mejía-Camacho
- División de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Santa Fe CDMX 05348, Mexico;
| | - Lorena María Durán-Riveroll
- CONACyT-Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B.C. Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Allan Douglas Cembella
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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13
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Nishimura T, Kuribara Y, Fukuzawa R, Mimura K, Funaki H, Tanaka K, Watanabe R, Uchida H, Suzuki T, Adachi M. First report of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) associated with marine macroalgae off Japan: Diversity, distribution, and toxicity. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 104:101924. [PMID: 34023072 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal samples were collected from coastal waters in subboreal to subtropical zones in Japan (< 3-30 m depths) and 32 clonal strains of non-motile dinoflagellate-like protists were established. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the LSU rDNA D1/D2, SSU rDNA, ITS region, and concatenated SSU rDNA + LSU rDNA D1/D2 sequences revealed that the strains nested within the genus Alexandrium. They were separated into three novel phylotypes: Alexandrium spp. type 1, type 2, and type 3. Analysis of the concatenated sequences revealed that the most closely related species for the three phylotypes was A. ostenfeldii. Most cells from strains of the three phylotypes were non-motile and hemispherical to spherical in shape. The average diameters of the non-motile cells were between 35 and 39 µm. Type 1 and type 2 were widely distributed in Japan from the temperate to subtropical zones, whereas type 3 was restricted to the temperate zone. Furthermore, type 2 was widespread from shallow to deep waters, whereas type 1 and type 3 were restricted to deep waters. Growth experiments in strains belonging to the three phylotypes revealed that the occurrence ratios of motile cells were very low (≤ 1.1% of the total cells). The production of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, tetrodotoxin, and cyclic imines was assessed in strains belonging to the three phylotypes by LC/MS/MS analysis. The strains did not produce any of the toxins tested. The strains of the three phylotypes showed lethal toxicity to mice by intraperitoneal administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of Alexandrium associated with marine macroalgae from Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimura
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kuribara
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryo Fukuzawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Mimura
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Funaki
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Kouki Tanaka
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, 194 Inoshiri, Usa, Tosa, Kochi, 781-1164, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Watanabe
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Masao Adachi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
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14
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Hallegraeff GM, Schweibold L, Jaffrezic E, Rhodes L, MacKenzie L, Hay B, Farrell H. Overview of Australian and New Zealand harmful algal species occurrences and their societal impacts in the period 1985 to 2018, including a compilation of historic records. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 102:101848. [PMID: 33875178 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Similarities and differences between Australia and New Zealand in Harmful Algal species occurrences and Harmful Algal Events impacting on human society (HAEDAT) are reported and factors that explain their differences explored. Weekly monitoring of harmful phytoplankton and biotoxins commenced in Australia in 1986 and in New Zealand in 1993. Anecdotal historic HAB records in both countries are also catalogued. In Australia, unprecedented highly toxic Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST)-producing blooms of Alexandrium catenella have impacted the seafood industry along the 200 km east coast of Tasmania from 2012 to present. Toxic blooms in 1986-1993 by Gymnodinium catenatum in Tasmania were effectively mitigated by closing the affected area for shellfish farming, while a bloom by this same species in 2000 in New Zealand caused significant economic damage from restrictions on the movement of greenshell mussel spat. The biggest biotoxin event in New Zealand was an unexpected outbreak of Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) in 1993 in Hauraki Gulf (putatively due to Karenia cf. mikimotoi) with 180 reported cases of human poisonings as well as reports of respiratory irritation north of Auckland. Strikingly, NSP never recurred in New Zealand since and no NSP events have ever been reported in Australia. In New Zealand, Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) was the predominant seafood toxin syndrome, while in Australia Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) was the major reported seafood toxin syndrome, while no CFP has been recorded from consumption of New Zealand fish. In Australia, Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) illnesses were recorded from two related outbreaks in 1997/98 following consumption of beach harvested clams (pipis) from a previously non-monitored area, whereas in New Zealand limited DSP illnesses are known. No human illnesses from Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) have been reported in either Australia or New Zealand. Selected examples of HABs appearing and disappearing (NSP in New Zealand, Alexandrium catenella in Tasmania), species expanding their ranges (Noctiluca, Gambierdiscus), and reputed ballast water introductions (Gymnodinium catenatum) are discussed. Eutrophication has rarely been invoked as a cause except for confined estuaries and fish ponds and estuarine cyanobacterial blooms. No trend in the number of HAEDAT events from 1985 to 2018 was discernible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaaf M Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Laura Schweibold
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - Enora Jaffrezic
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France; Cawthron Institute, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Rhodes
- Cawthron Institute, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | | | - Brenda Hay
- AquaBio Consultants Limited, 102 McLeod Rd, RD1, Helensville 0874, New Zealand
| | - Hazel Farrell
- NSW Food Authority, PO Box 6682, Silverwater, New South Wales 811, Australia
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15
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Shi ZZ, Liu XH, Li XN, Ji NY. Antifungal and Antimicroalgal Trichothecene Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Algicolous Fungus Trichoderma brevicompactum A-DL-9-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15440-15448. [PMID: 33332117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight new trichothecene derivatives, trichodermarins G-N (1-8), and two new cuparene derivatives, trichocuparins A (9) and B (10), as well as six known trichothecenes (11-16) were isolated from the fungal strain Trichoderma brevicompactum A-DL-9-2 obtained from the inner tissue of the marine red alga Chondria tenuissima. The structures and relative configurations of 1-10 were assigned by NMR and MS data, and the absolute configurations of 1, 2, and 9 were established by X-ray diffraction. Compound 8 features an aminosugar unit bond to the trichothecene framework for the first time, while 9 and 10 represent the first occurrence of cuparene sesquiterpenes in Trichoderma. All the isolates were assayed for growth inhibition of five phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and Phomopsis asparagi) and four marine phytoplankton species (Amphidinium carterae, Heterocapsa circularisquama, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Prorocentrum donghaiense). Several of them exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the fungi and phytoplankton tested of which trichodermin (12) showed the highest antifungal and antimicroalgal activities with MIC and IC50 values being 4.0 and 0.82 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Shi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hong Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
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16
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Beedessee G, Kubota T, Arimoto A, Nishitsuji K, Waller RF, Hisata K, Yamasaki S, Satoh N, Kobayashi J, Shoguchi E. Integrated omics unveil the secondary metabolic landscape of a basal dinoflagellate. BMC Biol 2020; 18:139. [PMID: 33050904 PMCID: PMC7557087 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some dinoflagellates cause harmful algal blooms, releasing toxic secondary metabolites, to the detriment of marine ecosystems and human health. Our understanding of dinoflagellate toxin biosynthesis has been hampered by their unusually large genomes. To overcome this challenge, for the first time, we sequenced the genome, microRNAs, and mRNA isoforms of a basal dinoflagellate, Amphidinium gibbosum, and employed an integrated omics approach to understand its secondary metabolite biosynthesis. RESULTS We assembled the ~ 6.4-Gb A. gibbosum genome, and by probing decoded dinoflagellate genomes and transcriptomes, we identified the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domain as essential for generation of specialized metabolites. Upon starving the cells of phosphate and nitrogen, we observed pronounced shifts in metabolite biosynthesis, suggestive of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs. Using Iso-Seq and RNA-seq data, we found that alternative splicing and polycistronic expression generate different transcripts for secondary metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our genomic findings suggest intricate integration of various metabolic enzymes that function iteratively to synthesize metabolites, providing mechanistic insights into how dinoflagellates synthesize secondary metabolites, depending upon nutrient availability. This study provides insights into toxin production associated with dinoflagellate blooms. The genome of this basal dinoflagellate provides important clues about dinoflagellate evolution and overcomes the large genome size, which has been a challenge previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Beedessee
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Takaaki Kubota
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Asuka Arimoto
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Onomichi, Hiroshima, 722-0073, Japan
| | - Koki Nishitsuji
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ross F Waller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Kanako Hisata
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamasaki
- DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Eiichi Shoguchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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17
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LC-MS/MS Method Development for the Discovery and Identification of Amphidinols Produced by Amphidinium. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100497. [PMID: 33003497 PMCID: PMC7601433 DOI: 10.3390/md18100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphidinols are polyketides produced by dinoflagellates suspected of causing fish kills. Here, we demonstrate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of amphidinols (AM). Novel AM were detected by neutral loss (NL) scan and then quantified together with known AM by selection reaction monitoring (SRM). With the new method, AM were detected in four of eight analyzed strains with a maximum of 3680 fg toxin content per cell. In total, sixteen novel AM were detected by NL scan and characterized via their fragmentation patterns. Of these, two substances are glycosylated forms. This is the first detection of glycosylated AM.
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Wang H, Kim H, Ki JS. Transcriptome survey and toxin measurements reveal evolutionary modification and loss of saxitoxin biosynthesis genes in the dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae and Prorocentrum micans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110474. [PMID: 32200147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized the potential toxin genes for polyketide synthase (PKS) and saxitoxin (STX) biosynthesis using the transcriptomes of two non-STX producing dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae and Prorocentrum micans. RNA sequencing revealed 94 and 166 PKS contigs in A. carterae and P. micans, respectively. We first detected type III PKS, which was closely related to bacteria. In addition, dozens of homologs of 20 STX biosynthesis genes were identified. Interestingly, the core STX-synthesizing genes sxtA and sxtB were only found in P. micans, whereas sxtD was detected in A. carterae alone. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the first two core genes (sxtA and sxtG) had a low sequence similarity (37.0-67.6%) and different domain organization compared to those of other toxigenic dinoflagellates, such as Alexandrium pacificum. These might result in the breakdown of the initial reactions in STX production and ultimately the loss of the ability to synthesize the toxins in both dinoflagellates. Our findings suggest that toxin-related PKS and sxt genes are commonly found in non-STX producing dinoflagellates. In addition to their involvement in the synthesis of toxins, our result indicates that genes may also have other molecular metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea.
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Gárate-Lizárraga I, González-Armas R, Verdugo-Díaz G, Okolodkov YB, Pérez-Cruz B, Díaz-Ortíz JA. Seasonality of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium cf. carterae (Dinophyceae: Amphidiniales) in Bahía de la Paz, Gulf of California. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:532-541. [PMID: 31426190 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monthly phytoplankton samples were collected from January 2013 to December 2015 at a fixed sampling site in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. During this study 26 samplings were Amphidinium cf. carterae positive. The highest densities of A. cf. carterae (754.2 × 103 to 1022.4 × 103 cells L-1) were recorded during a bloom detected in January 2015 when water temperatures were 20-22 °C. This dinoflagellate showed a well-marked seasonal variation, being found mainly from November to April. Blooms of the species were linked to the upwelled water due to the northwesterly wind. Cysts surrounded by a mucilaginous membrane of A. cf. carterae were found. We also observed these hyaline cysts inside zooplankton fecal pellets. Other benthic/tychoplanktonic dinoflagellates and diatoms, including some potentially toxic species were also found. The occurrence of blooms of A. cf. carterae in Bahía de La Paz could represent a risk for aquaculture activities and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Verdugo-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Yuri B Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías (ICIMAP-UV), Calle Mar Mediterráneo 314, Costa Verde, C.P. 94294 Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Cruz
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública "Dr. Galo Soberón y Parra", Boulevard Vicente Guerrero esq. Juan R. Escudero, Ciudad Renacimiento, C.P. 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jesús Antonio Díaz-Ortíz
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública "Dr. Galo Soberón y Parra", Boulevard Vicente Guerrero esq. Juan R. Escudero, Ciudad Renacimiento, C.P. 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
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Bille L, Binato G, Gabrieli C, Manfrin A, Pascoli F, Pretto T, Toffan A, Dalla Pozza M, Angeletti R, Arcangeli G. First report of a fish kill episode caused by pyrethroids in Italian freshwater. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 281:176-182. [PMID: 29190591 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fish kills are events of strong emotional impact on the population because of the frequent suspicion that they can be the result of serious pollution accidents. As a matter of fact, they are often due to natural occurrences, such as low levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, but in many cases the causes remain unknown. Fish are particularly sensitive to pesticides and pyrethroids are reported to be the most ecotoxicologically active in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, the reported cases of massive wild fish mortalities due to these toxicants are very few. This paper describes a fish kill episode occurred in the Padua Province (Veneto Region - North Eastern Italy) which involved several fish species and for which it was possible to identify the cause in the presence of pyrethroids in the water. CASE PRESENTATION When a whitish liquid coming from the rainwater drain of an industrial area was seen to be spilling into a drainage channel, a fish massive mortality was noticed and investigated. The collected water samples showed the presence of relevant concentrations of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin and tetramethrin. Analyses on the fish tissues revealed the presence of cypermethrin and permethrin at a concentration range of 476-2834μg/kg and 346-2826μg/kg on a lipid basis, respectively. DISCUSSION According to the results of the performed analyses, we can reasonably state that the described episode had been caused by the exposure of biota to high concentrations of pyrethroids. The present case report significantly contributes to the limited literature available on pesticides-related fish kills. Moreover, it highlights the importance of sharing protocols for fish kill management at a national level, as this would help to better define the roles of the different institutions involved and to improve the investigation and the reporting of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bille
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Claudio Gabrieli
- Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto, Via Ospedale Civile 24, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Francesco Pascoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Tobia Pretto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Anna Toffan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Manuela Dalla Pozza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arcangeli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
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Ajani P, Harwood DT, Murray SA. Recent Trends in Marine Phycotoxins from Australian Coastal Waters. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E33. [PMID: 28208796 PMCID: PMC5334613 DOI: 10.3390/md15020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycotoxins, which are produced by harmful microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web, are of growing concern for Australia. These harmful algae pose a threat to ecosystem and human health, as well as constraining the progress of aquaculture, one of the fastest growing food sectors in the world. With better monitoring, advanced analytical skills and an increase in microalgal expertise, many phycotoxins have been identified in Australian coastal waters in recent years. The most concerning of these toxins are ciguatoxin, paralytic shellfish toxins, okadaic acid and domoic acid, with palytoxin and karlotoxin increasing in significance. The potential for tetrodotoxin, maitotoxin and palytoxin to contaminate seafood is also of concern, warranting future investigation. The largest and most significant toxic bloom in Tasmania in 2012 resulted in an estimated total economic loss of~AUD$23M, indicating that there is an imperative to improve toxin and organism detection methods, clarify the toxin profiles of species of phytoplankton and carry out both intra- and inter-species toxicity comparisons. Future work also includes the application of rapid, real-time molecular assays for the detection of harmful species and toxin genes. This information, in conjunction with a better understanding of the life histories and ecology of harmful bloom species, may lead to more appropriate management of environmental, health and economic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - D Tim Harwood
- Cawthron Institute, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand.
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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