1
|
Davis KM, Knauft K, Lewis L, Petriello M, Petrick L, Luca F, Joseph NT, Fritz H, Cutchin M, Rappaport L, Levy P, Engeland CG, Zilioli S. The heart of Detroit study: a window into urban middle-aged and older African Americans' daily lives to understand psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:766. [PMID: 37853373 PMCID: PMC10585810 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans. Psychosocial factors, including the experience of and emotional reactivity to racism and interpersonal stressors, contribute to the etiology and progression of cardiovascular disease through effects on health behaviors, stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes, and immune processes. The full pathway and complexities of these associations remain underexamined in African Americans. The Heart of Detroit Study aims to identify and model the biopsychosocial pathways that influence cardiovascular disease risk in a sample of urban middle-aged and older African American adults. METHODS The proposed sample will be composed of 500 African American adults between the ages of 55 and 75 from the Detroit urban area. This longitudinal study will consist of two waves of data collection, two years apart. Biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular surrogate endpoints (i.e., heart rate variability and blood pressure) will be collected at each wave. Ecological momentary assessments will characterize momentary and daily experiences of stress, affect, and health behaviors during the first wave. A proposed subsample of 60 individuals will also complete an in-depth qualitative interview to contextualize quantitative results. The central hypothesis of this project is that interpersonal stressors predict poor cardiovascular outcomes, cumulative physiological stress, poor sleep, and inflammation by altering daily affect, daily health behaviors, and daily physiological stress. DISCUSSION This study will provide insight into the biopsychosocial pathways through which experiences of stress and discrimination increase cardiovascular disease risk over micro and macro time scales among urban African American adults. Its discoveries will guide the design of future contextualized, time-sensitive, and culturally tailored behavioral interventions to reduce racial disparities in cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Knauft
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lena Lewis
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nataria T Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90265, USA
| | - Heather Fritz
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Malcolm Cutchin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Lance Rappaport
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 1B4, Canada
| | - Phillip Levy
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mair CA, Peek MK, Slatcher RB, Cutchin MP. Examining Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Coping and Stress Within an Environmental Riskscape. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1033-1042. [PMID: 36800140 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Existing research on racial/ethnic differences in stress and coping is limited by small samples, single-item measures, and lack of inclusion of Mexican Americans. We address these gaps by analyzing data from the Texas City Stress and Health Study, a cross-sectional sample of Black (N = 257), White (N = 304), US-born (N = 689), and foreign-born (N = 749) Mexican Americans residing in proximity to a petrochemical complex. We compared active and avoidant coping by race/ethnicity and explored multivariable associations between coping and perceived stress. Black and foreign-born Mexican American respondents had the highest stressor exposure yet displayed different patterns of coping and perceived stress patterns. Active coping may be particularly effective for African Americans but may not offset extreme stress disparities. For Mexican Americans, the lack of association between coping and stress underscores the need for more work focused on the culturally diverse coping experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Mair
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, Center for Health, Equity, and Aging, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - M Kristen Peek
- School of Public and Population Health, Department of Population Health and Health Disparities, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Malcolm P Cutchin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ellis DA, Cutchin MP, Carcone AI, Evans M, Weissberg-Benchell J, Buggs-Saxton C, Boucher-Berry C, Miller JL, Drossos T, Dekelbab MB, Worley J. Racial Residential Segregation and the Health of Black Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022058856. [PMID: 37096459 PMCID: PMC10263024 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-058856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Black youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at heightened risk for suboptimal glycemic control. Studies of neighborhood effects on the health of youth with T1D are limited. The current study investigated the effects of racial residential segregation on the diabetes health of young Black adolescents with T1D. METHODS A total of 148 participants were recruited from 7 pediatric diabetes clinics in 2 US cities. Racial residential segregation (RRS) was calculated at the census block group level based on US Census data. Diabetes management was measured via self-report questionnaire. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) information was gathered from participants during home-based data collection. Hierarchical linear regression was used to test the effects of RRS while controlling for family income, youth age, insulin delivery method (insulin pump versus syringe therapy), and neighborhood adversity. RESULTS HbA1c was significantly associated with RRS in bivariate analyses, whereas youth-reported diabetes management was not. In hierarchical regression analyses, whereas family income, age, and insulin delivery method were all significantly associated with HbA1c in model 1, only RRS, age, and insulin delivery method were significantly associated with HbA1c in model 2. Model 2 explained 25% of the variance in HbA1c (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS RRS was associated with glycemic control in a sample of Black youth with T1D and accounted for variance in HbA1c even after controlling for adverse neighborhood conditions. Policies to reduce residential segregation, along with improved screening for neighborhood-level risk, hold the potential to improve the health of a vulnerable population of youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meredyth Evans
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital and Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital and Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Jennifer L. Miller
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital and Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Owusu C, Flanagan B, Lavery AM, Mertzlufft CE, McKenzie BA, Kolling J, Lewis B, Dunn I, Hallisey E, Lehnert EA, Fletcher K, Davis RT, Conn M, Owen LR, Smith MM, Dent A. Developing a granular scale environmental burden index (EBI) for diverse land cover types across the contiguous United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155908. [PMID: 35588849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Critical to identifying the risk of environmentally driven disease is an understanding of the cumulative impact of environmental conditions on human health. Here we describe the methodology used to develop an environmental burden index (EBI). The EBI is calculated at U.S. census tract level, a finer scale than many similar national-level tools. EBI scores are also stratified by tract land cover type as per the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), controlling for urbanicity. The EBI was developed over the course of four stages: 1) literature review to identify potential indicators, 2) data source acquisition and indicator variable construction, 3) index creation, and 4) stratification by land cover type. For each potential indicator, data sources were assessed for completeness, update frequency, and availability. These indicators were: (1) particulate matter (PM2.5), (2) ozone, (3) Superfund National Priority List (NPL) locations, (4) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities, (5) Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) facilities, (6) recreational parks, (7) railways, (8) highways, (9) airports, and (10) impaired water sources. Indicators were statistically normalized and checked for collinearity. For each indicator, we computed and summed percentile ranking scores to create an overall ranking for each tract. Tracts having the same plurality of land cover type form a 'peer' group. We re-ranked the tracts into percentiles within each peer group for each indicator. The percentile scores were combined for each tract to obtain a stratified EBI. A higher score reveals a tract with increased environmental burden relative to other tracts of the same peer group. We compared our results to those of related indices, finding good convergent validity between the overall EBI and CalEnviroScreen 4.0. The EBI has many potential applications for research and use as a tool to develop public health interventions at a granular scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Owusu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Barry Flanagan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Amy M Lavery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Emergency Management, USA.
| | - Caitlin E Mertzlufft
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Benjamin A McKenzie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Jessica Kolling
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA
| | - Brian Lewis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Ian Dunn
- The Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Elaine Hallisey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Erica Adams Lehnert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Kelly Fletcher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Ryan T Davis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Michel Conn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Lance R Owen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Melissa M Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| | - Andrew Dent
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neal ZP, Neal JW. Neighborhood satisfaction and reproductive status. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273082. [PMID: 36070243 PMCID: PMC9451072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both urban planners and urban scholars have been keenly interested in identifying the characteristics associated with neighborhood satisfaction. One robust but surprising pattern is that the presence or number of children in a household has no effect on neighborhood satisfaction. To clarify this pattern, we measured the neighborhood satisfaction of a representative sample of 1,000 Michigan adults, whom we divided into six distinct reproductive statuses: co-parents, single-parents, empty nesters, not-yet-parents, childless individuals, and childfree individuals. We found that a simple parent vs. non-parent dichotomy hides significant heterogeneity among these groups. Specifically, we found that single parents and childfree individuals experience significantly less neighborhood satisfaction than other groups. We conclude by reflecting on the methodological and practical implications of differences in neighborhood satisfaction when more nuanced reproductive statuses are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Neal
- Psychology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer Watling Neal
- Psychology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Census-Based Variables Are Informative about Subjective Neighborhood Relations, but Only When Adjusted for Residents’ Neighborhood Conceptions. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Subjective neighborhood perceptions (such as attachment or satisfaction) have been linked to demographic factors and self-reported living conditions. There has been less success to include census-based variables. One explanation is the frequent a priori application of rigid neighborhood definitions. We assessed subjective neighborhood relations, demographic information, and self-defined neighborhoods via a postcard-based, participatory GIS approach. We linked several census-based variables (e.g., the proportion of seniors or the average members per household) to four different neighborhood definitions. We found that census-based variables allowed no prediction of neighborhood relations when adjusted to statistical districts, and a limited prediction when adjusted to two different-sized buffers. We found the best prediction of neighborhood relations through census-based variables when they were adjusted to self-defined neighborhoods. Larger households, fewer households per building, and a higher proportion of seniors benefited neighborhood relations. Our findings underline the importance of adjusting the definition of ‘neighborhood’ to that of the residents when studying neighborhood attachment or sense of community.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hussain M, Howell JL, Peek MK, Stowe RP, Zawadzki MJ. Psychosocial stressors predict lower cardiovascular disease risk among Mexican-American adults living in a high-risk community: Findings from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257940. [PMID: 34618834 PMCID: PMC8496861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the link between systemic and general psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a group of U.S. Latinos as a function of acculturation and education within the blended guiding conceptual framework of the biopsychosocial model of the stress process plus the reserve capacity model. We analyzed data from self-identifying Mexican-origin adults (n = 396, 56.9% female, Mage = 58.2 years, 55.5% < 12 years of education, 79% U.S.-born) from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. We used established measures of perceived stress (general stress), neighborhood stress and discrimination (systemic stress) to capture psychosocial stress, our primary predictor. We used the atherosclerotic CVD calculator to assess 10-year CVD risk, our primary outcome. This calculator uses demographics, cholesterol, blood pressure, and history of hypertension, smoking, and diabetes to compute CVD risk in the next 10 years. We also created an acculturation index using English-language use, childhood interaction, and preservation of cultural values. Participants reported years of education. Contrary to expectations, findings showed that higher levels of all three forms of psychosocial stress, perceived stress, neighborhood stress, and perceived discrimination, predicted lower 10-year CVD risk. Acculturation and education did not moderate the effects of psychosocial stress on 10-year CVD risk. Contextualized within the biopsychosocial and reserve capacity framework, we interpret our findings such that participants who accurately reported their stressors may have turned to their social networks to handle the stress, thereby reducing their risk for CVD. We highlight the importance of examining strengths within the sociocultural environment when considering cardiovascular inequities among Latinos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hussain
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Howell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - M. Kristen Peek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raymond P. Stowe
- Microgen Laboratories, La Marque, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Zawadzki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ellis DA, Cutchin MP, Templin T, Carcone AI, Evans M, Weissberg-Benchell J, Buggs-Saxton C, Boucher-Berry C, Miller JL, Al Wazeer M, Gharib J, Mehmood Y, Worley J. Effects of family and neighborhood risks on glycemic control among young black adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Findings from a multi-center study. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:511-518. [PMID: 33382131 PMCID: PMC8035272 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While individual and family risk factors that contribute to health disparities in children with type 1 diabetes have been identified, studies on the effects of neighborhood risk factors on glycemic control are limited, particularly in minority samples. This cross-sectional study tested associations between family conflict, neighborhood adversity and glycemic outcomes (HbA1c) in a sample of urban, young Black adolescents with type 1 diabetes(mean age = 13.4 ± 1.7), as well as whether neighborhood adversity moderated the relationship between family conflict and HbA1c. Participants (N = 128) were recruited from five pediatric diabetes clinics in two major metropolitan US cities. Diabetes-related family conflict was measured via self-report questionnaire (Diabetes Family Conflict Scale; DFCS). Neighborhood adversity was calculated at the census block group level based on US census data. Indictors of adversity were used to calculate a neighborhood adversity index (NAI) for each participant. Median family income was $25,000, suggesting a low SES sample. In multiple regression analyses, DFCS and NAI both had significant, independent effects on glycemic control (β = 0.174, P = 0.034 and β = 0.226 P = 0.013, respectively) after controlling for child age, family socioeconomic status and insulin management regimen. Tests of effects of the NAI and DFCS interaction on HbA1c found no significant moderating effects of neighborhood adversity. Even within contexts of significant socioeconomic disadvantage, variability in degree of neighborhood adversity predicts diabetes-related health outcomes in young Black adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Providers should assess social determinants of health such as neighborhood resources that may impact adolescents' ability to maintain optimal glycemic control.
Collapse
|
9
|
Serrano-Lomelin J, Nielsen CC, Hicks A, Crawford S, Bakal JA, Ospina MB. Geographic Inequalities of Respiratory Health Services Utilization during Childhood in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada: A Tale of Two Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238973. [PMID: 33276583 PMCID: PMC7730300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Young children are susceptible to respiratory diseases. Inequalities exist across socioeconomic groups for paediatric respiratory health services utilization in Alberta. However, the geographic distribution of those inequalities has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to identify geographic inequalities in respiratory health services utilization in early childhood in Calgary and Edmonton, two major urban centres in Western Canada. We conducted a geographic analysis of data from a retrospective cohort of all singleton live births occurred between 2005 and 2010. We aggregated at area-level the total number of episodes of respiratory care (hospitalizations and emergency department visits) that occurred during the first five years of life for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, lower/upper respiratory tract infections, influenza, and asthma-wheezing. We used spatial filters to identify geographic inequalities in the prevalence of acute paediatric respiratory health services utilization in Calgary and Edmonton. The average health gap between areas with the highest and the lowest prevalence of respiratory health services utilization was 1.5-fold in Calgary and 1.4-fold in Edmonton. Geographic inequalities were not completely explained by the spatial distribution of socioeconomic status, suggesting that other unmeasured factors at the neighbourhood level may explain local variability in the use of acute respiratory health services in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Serrano-Lomelin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Charlene C. Nielsen
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Anne Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Susan Crawford
- Alberta Perinatal Health Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey A. Bakal
- Provincial Research Data Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada;
| | - Maria B. Ospina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-9351
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fritz H, Cutchin MP, Gharib J, Haryadi N, Patel M, Patel N. Neighborhood Characteristics and Frailty: A Scoping Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:e270-e285. [PMID: 31276582 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Frailty is highly prevalent in later life and associated with early mortality and adverse health outcomes. The neighborhood has been identified as an important contributor to individual health, and neighborhood characteristics may contribute to frailty development. A scoping review was conducted of the peer-reviewed literature to better understand how physical and social neighborhood characteristics contribute to frailty. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Following an established scoping review methodology, we searched four peer-reviewed databases for relevant studies published from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Data extracted from studies included study characteristics, operationalization of neighborhood, the conceptual model of the neighborhood-frailty relationship, operationalization of frailty, and study findings for associations among neighborhood variables and frailty indicators. RESULTS A total of 522 articles were identified and 13 articles were included in the final data charting. Existing studies suggest that neighborhood characteristics are associated with frailty in later life. Few studies articulated a conceptual model identifying exact mechanisms through which neighborhood factors affected frailty. Studies designs were mostly cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies did not measure neighborhood characteristics over time. Studies varied considerably in how they operationalized the neighborhood. Frailty was most commonly assessed using a 5-point phenotype or a frailty index approach. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings indicate that research on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and frailty is an emerging area of inquiry. Additional studies are needed to more definitely explicate mechanisms through which neighborhoods contribute to, or protect older adults from, frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fritz
- Institute of Gerontology, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Malcolm P Cutchin
- Institute of Gerontology, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jamil Gharib
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Neehar Haryadi
- Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nandit Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barnett MJ, Jackson-Smith D, Endter-Wada J, Haeffner M. A multilevel analysis of the drivers of household water consumption in a semi-arid region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136489. [PMID: 32050377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Communities across the Western United States face the growing challenge of managing water resources in the face of rapid population growth and climate change. There are two contrasting approaches to understanding and managing residential water demand in this context. Many scientists and water managers see water use as a reflection of individual attitudes and decisions where people are assumed to have the agency to act independently of structural constraints. Conversely, other scientists and policymakers focus on the importance of the built environment and the broader social, economic, and policy contexts within which households make water decisions. Using multilevel models, we compared attitudinal, demographic, and structural drivers of indoor and outdoor residential water use for a sample of households in Northern Utah. We estimated multilevel mixed-effect Poisson models with robust standard errors using matched household survey data with metered residential water use records. Outdoor water use had a substantially greater amount of neighborhood-level variation than indoor water use. Structural factors generally eclipsed individual agency in our analysis. While indoor use was most strongly predicted by household size, tenure status, and length of residence, outdoor water use was most associated with the built environment (lot size and the presence of vegetable gardens and underground sprinklers), socioeconomic status (household income, rental status), and residents' sensitivity to lawn watering norms. Higher water prices were associated with lower water use, with lower-income households being more responsive to prices than higher-income households. Our findings have important implications for water managers and policymakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Barnett
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology, Utah State University, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Douglas Jackson-Smith
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Joanna Endter-Wada
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, 5200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Melissa Haeffner
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcini LM, Chen MA, Brown R, LeRoy AS, Cano MA, Peek K, Fagundes C. "Abrazame Que Ayuda" (Hug Me, It Helps): Social Support and the Effect of Perceived Discrimination on Depression among US- and Foreign-Born Latinxs in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 7:481-487. [PMID: 31823336 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher level of social support is known to mitigate the effect of ethnic discrimination on depression symptoms, yet little is known as to which type of social support may be most effective for ameliorating the negative health effects of perceived ethnic discrimination among Latinxs varying in nativity status. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depression among US- and foreign-born Latinxs, and to identify specific types of social support that may buffer the aforementioned association in this population. METHODS Data from 1340 Latinx respondents (70% US-born; 30% foreign-born) collected from the Texas City Stress and Health Study (TCSHS) was used in this study. The primary outcome was depression, and it was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R). RESULTS Findings showed that higher perceived ethnic discrimination were associated with higher depressive symptoms for both foreign-born and US-born Latinxs, with higher levels of social support, specifically positive interaction support, being associated with lower depressive symptoms for both groups. Importantly, results also showed that regardless of nativity status, higher levels of affectionate support mitigated the adverse association between ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that higher levels of positive interactions and affective support may be significant factors in helping Latinxs cope with ethnic discrimination. This information is essential to inform the development of interventions aimed at building resilience in the face of discrimination among the largest and fastest growing ethnic group in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Garcini
- Center for Research to Advance Community Health (ReACH), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Michelle A Chen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Miguel Angel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristen Peek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Fagundes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Petteway RJ. Intergenerational photovoice perspectives of place and health in public housing: Participatory coding, theming, and mapping in/of the "structure struggle". Health Place 2019; 60:102229. [PMID: 31778845 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper details an intergenerational photovoice project exploring spatial and perceptual differences of "place" and health among adult and youth public housing residents in a small urban rustbelt city in the Midwestern United States. It specifically highlights the value of fully participatory photovoice processes-participatory narrative-coding and digital web-based photo-mapping-in furthering conceptual and analytical understanding of "place" and health. Results indicate the critical import of accounting for non-residential locations (i.e. activity spaces), and the significance of engaging the generationally- and spatially-specific social and physical landscapes of residents' lived "place" to improve health opportunities within place-based strategies involving public housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Petteway
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, USA(2).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Petteway R, Mujahid M, Allen A. Understanding Embodiment in Place-Health Research: Approaches, Limitations, and Opportunities. J Urban Health 2019; 96:289-299. [PMID: 30613858 PMCID: PMC6458222 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-00336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on how place affects health continues to grow. Within the place-health research field, there is increasing focus on how place becomes embodied-i.e., how place-based social and environmental experiences and exposures "get under our skin" to affect physiological functioning and health. While much has been learned, currently favored place-embodiment research approaches present limitations that inhibit continued gains in understanding. This article presents a brief summary of place-health literature related to place-embodiment, highlighting common approaches. Core limitations are then discussed with an eye towards improving research going forward, highlighting mixed-method, spatially dynamic, and participatory intergenerational approaches as promising considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Petteway
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Mahasin Mujahid
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Amani Allen
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Petteway RJ, Mujahid M, Allen A, Morello-Frosch R. The body language of place: A new method for mapping intergenerational "geographies of embodiment" in place-health research. Soc Sci Med 2019; 223:51-63. [PMID: 30708171 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Research on place and health has grown rapidly in recent years, including examining the physiological embodiment of place-based exposures. While this research continues to improve understanding of why place matters, there is particular need for work capable of revealing: 1) which places matter, i.e. spatially-specific notions of "place"); 2) how these places matter-processes and mechanisms of the physiological embodiment of place; and 3) potential intergenerational and life stage differences in place-embodiment experiences/perceptions. The research presented here seeks to make contributions in each of these areas through developing the "geographies of embodiment" concept. Drawing from a multi-method intergenerational community-based participatory research project examining place and health, the research presented here specifically highlights X-Ray Mapping as a new methodology to elucidate subjective notions of place-embodiment within place-health research. Participants were recruited as parent-child dyads and trained in four participatory research methods, including X-Ray Mapping. Participants used X-Ray Mapping and a multimedia-enabled web-based mapping platform to map their "geographies of embodiment". X-Ray Mapping results revealed that 49% of youth place-embodiment locations were spatially outside of their residential census tract-with 75% of positive place-embodiment locations outside, and 66% of negative place-embodiment locations inside. Overall, 67% of youth and adult positive place-embodiment locations were outside of their residential census tract. Through mapping "geographies of embodiment" via participatory methods like X-Ray Mapping, we can gain greater insight into what is embodied (i.e. specific experiences/exposures), and where (i.e. spatially-specific). These gains could improve development of quantitative place-health metrics and enhance efforts to uncover/intervene on the "pathways of embodiment"-specifically, those elements of local social, political, economic, and environmental contexts that constitute expressions of social inequality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Petteway
- Portland State University, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Department of Community Health, 506 SW Mill St, Suite 450, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
| | - Mahasin Mujahid
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology, Haviland Hall, Berkeley CA 94720-7358, USA
| | - Amani Allen
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology, Haviland Hall, Berkeley CA 94720-7358, USA; University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health Division of Community Health Sciences, University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health Division of Community Health Sciences, University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA; University of California, College of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management 130 Mulford, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Almeida Célio F, Friche AADL, Jennings MZ, Andrade ACDS, Xavier CC, Proietti F, Coulton CJ, Caiaffa WT. Contextual characteristics associated with the perceived neighbourhood scale in a cross-sectional study in a large urban centre in Brazil. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021445. [PMID: 30127050 PMCID: PMC6104762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health outcomes have been associated with physical and social characteristics of neighbourhoods, but little is known about the relationship between contextual factors and perceived neighbourhood scale. OBJECTIVE To identify the contextual factors associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale. METHODS We analysed data from a cross-sectional population-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, that took place in 2008-2009. The dependent variable was perceived neighbourhood, encoded as an ordinal scale based on a brief description of the concept of the neighbourhood, and two independent scales relating distance, expressed in terms of geography and time. Street connectivity, demographic density and residents' perceptions of the neighbourhoods' physical and social environment were used as contextual predictors. Individual characteristics were used as covariates. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression models estimated the association between perceived neighbourhood scale and contextual characteristics. RESULTS Residents that perceive better walkability (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.82) and high amounts of violence (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.62) perceived their neighbourhoods to be larger, even after adjusting for individual characteristics. CONCLUSION There are contextual factors that are associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale. Careful definition of neighbourhood scale is a key factor in improving the results of eco-epidemiological studies. Although these findings must be further explored in other studies, these results can contribute to a better understanding of an appropriate choice of neighbourhood scale, especially for cities in Latin America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Almeida Célio
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M Zane Jennings
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Fernando Proietti
- Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brazil
- Epidemiology, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Coulton
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buschmann RN, Prochaska JD, Cutchin MP, Peek MK. Stress and health behaviors as potential mediators of the relationship between neighborhood quality and allostatic load. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:356-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
18
|
Subjective neighborhood assessment and physical inactivity: An examination of neighborhood-level variance. Prev Med 2018; 111:336-341. [PMID: 29197527 PMCID: PMC5930117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests a linkage between perceptions of neighborhood quality and the likelihood of engaging in leisure-time physical activity. Often in these studies, intra-neighborhood variance is viewed as something to be controlled for statistically. However, we hypothesized that intra-neighborhood variance in perceptions of neighborhood quality may be contextually relevant. We examined the relationship between intra-neighborhood variance of subjective neighborhood quality and neighborhood-level reported physical inactivity across 48 neighborhoods within a medium-sized city, Texas City, Texas using survey data from 2706 residents collected between 2004 and 2006. Neighborhoods where the aggregated perception of neighborhood quality was poor also had a larger proportion of residents reporting being physically inactive. However, higher degrees of disagreement among residents within neighborhoods about their neighborhood quality was significantly associated with a lower proportion of residents reporting being physically inactive (p=0.001). Our results suggest that intra-neighborhood variability may be contextually relevant in studies seeking to better understand the relationship between neighborhood quality and behaviors sensitive to neighborhood environments, like physical activity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Garcini LM, Chirinos DA, Murdock KW, Seiler A, LeRoy AS, Peek K, Cutchin MP, Fagundes C. Pathways linking racial/ethnic discrimination and sleep among U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinxs. J Behav Med 2017; 41:364-373. [PMID: 29270888 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between racial/ethnic discrimination and sleep through psychological distress and body mass index (BMI), and determined whether the aforementioned associations vary between U.S. and foreign-born Latinxs. Participants were 1332 Latinx adults enrolled in the Texas City Stress and Health Study. Multistage sampling methods were used to select participants. A model linking racial/ethnic discrimination with sleep disturbances through direct and indirect (i.e., psychological distress and BMI) paths demonstrated good fit. Greater racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with greater psychological distress and higher BMI. Psychological distress and BMI were also significant predictors of sleep disturbances. The indirect path from racial/ethnic discrimination to sleep disturbances via psychological distress was significant. A model with parameters constrained to be equal between U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinxs suggested associations were comparable between these groups. Our study demonstrated the relevance of racial/ethnic discrimination to sleep disturbances, particularly its association via psychological distress among Latinxs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Garcini
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street-MS-201, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Diana A Chirinos
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street-MS-201, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kyle W Murdock
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street-MS-201, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Annina Seiler
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street-MS-201, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Angie S LeRoy
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street-MS-201, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Peek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Malcom P Cutchin
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street-MS-201, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fritz H, Cutchin MP. Changing neighborhoods and occupations: Experiences of older African-Americans in Detroit. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 24:140-151. [PMID: 29805299 PMCID: PMC5967268 DOI: 10.1080/14427591.2016.1269296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood characteristics are relevant to understanding occupations and associated outcomes, yet few empirical studies have focused on neighborhood as the unit of analysis when examining person-environment-occupation relationships. The purpose of this report is to begin addressing that gap. We present findings from a qualitative investigation conducted as part of a larger mixed methods study of 100 African-Americans aged 55 and older living in a variety of neighborhood contexts. With a subsample of older adults (n = 20), we utilized participant-generated photos and photo-elicitation interviews to examine the question of how participation in everyday occupations changes (or not) for older African-Americans residing in urban neighborhoods that have undergone significant physical and socio-demographic changes. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach in combination with a constant comparative method. Occupational change was conceptualized as four primary types: (a) spatio-temporal changes to participation in occupation, (b) changes to social participation, (c) heightened vigilance during daily occupations, and (d) actions to preserve and protect the neighborhood. The findings provide insights about the ways that neighborhood deterioration is related to occupational change. We discuss the potential impact of participants' occupational changes on health and well-being, and we assess the issue of neighborhood and occupation as relevant to occupational justice in urban contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fritz
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Malcolm P. Cutchin
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
James P, Jankowska M, Marx C, Hart JE, Berrigan D, Kerr J, Hurvitz PM, Hipp JA, Laden F. "Spatial Energetics": Integrating Data From GPS, Accelerometry, and GIS to Address Obesity and Inactivity. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:792-800. [PMID: 27528538 PMCID: PMC5067207 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To address the current obesity and inactivity epidemics, public health researchers have attempted to identify spatial factors that influence physical inactivity and obesity. Technologic and methodologic developments have led to a revolutionary ability to examine dynamic, high-resolution measures of temporally matched location and behavior data through GPS, accelerometry, and GIS. These advances allow the investigation of spatial energetics, high-spatiotemporal resolution data on location and time-matched energetics, to examine how environmental characteristics, space, and time are linked to activity-related health behaviors with far more robust and detailed data than in previous work. Although the transdisciplinary field of spatial energetics demonstrates promise to provide novel insights on how individuals and populations interact with their environment, there remain significant conceptual, technical, analytical, and ethical challenges stemming from the complex data streams that spatial energetics research generates. First, it is essential to better understand what spatial energetics data represent, the relevant spatial context of analysis for these data, and if spatial energetics can establish causality for development of spatially relevant interventions. Second, there are significant technical problems for analysis of voluminous and complex data that may require development of spatially aware scalable computational infrastructures. Third, the field must come to agreement on appropriate statistical methodologies to account for multiple observations per person. Finally, these challenges must be considered within the context of maintaining participant privacy and security. This article describes gaps in current practice and understanding and suggests solutions to move this promising area of research forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter James
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Christine Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California; Psychology Department, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Webber WL, Stoddard P, van Erp B, Baath M, Bazhaw G, Kelsey K, Schenk D, Shah R, Shoe B, Sujeer A. A Tool for Providing Data on Small Areas: Development of Neighborhood Profiles for Santa Clara County, California, 2014. Public Health Rep 2016; 131:35-43. [PMID: 26843668 DOI: 10.1177/003335491613100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on small geographic areas that can be easily accessed and updated have become essential for targeting public health programs and services. Disaggregating data at the sub-county or sub-city level has the potential to reveal disparities not otherwise evident for large geographies. As important as such data are, the methods to produce data on small geographic areas are challenging and resource-intensive, and little description and analysis of such tools exists. We describe a tool--neighborhood profiles--that provides a way for public health agencies and their partners to define neighborhood boundaries, select indicators, and disseminate data in a user-friendly format. We also share lessons learned, including the importance of involving planning departments in boundary definition to ensure relevance to the community, selecting a framework that links indicators to broader conceptual categories that can highlight disparities, and forming a team with the diverse skills necessary for planning and developing the profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Stoddard
- Santa Clara County Public Health Department, San Jose, CA; Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital System, Center for Population Health Improvement, San Jose, CA
| | | | - Mandeep Baath
- Santa Clara County Public Health Department, San Jose, CA
| | - Greg Bazhaw
- Santa Clara County Department of Planning and Development, Planning Office, San Jose, CA
| | - Kate Kelsey
- Santa Clara County Public Health Department, San Jose, CA
| | - Douglas Schenk
- Santa Clara County Information Services Division, San Jose, CA
| | - Roshni Shah
- Santa Clara County Public Health Department, San Jose, CA
| | - Bill Shoe
- Santa Clara County Department of Planning and Development, Planning Office, San Jose, CA
| | - Anandi Sujeer
- Santa Clara County Public Health Department, San Jose, CA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Researchers interested in measuring neighborhood-level effects should understand how "neighborhood" is defined within nursing sciences and other sciences, and the inherent strengths and weaknesses of current research methodologies. This concept analysis provides clarity around the concept of neighborhood within the context of health, analyzes the current state of development of the neighborhood concept, and proposes areas for future nursing research. Using the Rodger's Method of analysis, the concept of neighborhood within nursing and public health research is described based on existing literature. The concept's attributes, related concepts, antecedents, and consequences are given from the literature. Comparisons of the use of neighborhood are made between nursing, public health, sociology, and other sciences. The evolution of the concept of neighborhood throughout history is described, and important implications for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Onukwugha E, Osteen P, Jayasekera J, Mullins CD, Mair CA, Hussain A. Racial disparities in urologist visits among elderly men with prostate cancer: a cohort analysis of patient-related and county of residence-related factors. Cancer 2014; 120:3385-92. [PMID: 24962590 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors contributing to the lower likelihood of urologist follow-up among African American (AA) men diagnosed with prostate cancer may not be strictly related to patient factors. The authors investigated the relationship between crime, poverty, and poor housing, among others, and postdiagnosis urologist visits among AA and white men. METHODS The authors used linked cancer registry and Medicare claims data from 1999 through 2007 for men diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to III prostate cancer. The USA Counties and County Business Patterns data sets provided county-level data. Variance components models reported the percentage of variation attributed to county of residence. Postdiagnosis urologist visits for AA and white men were investigated using logistic and modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS A total of 65,635 patients were identified; 87% of whom were non-Hispanic white and 9.3% of whom were non-Hispanic AA. Approximately 16% of men diagnosed with stage I to III prostate cancer did not visit a urologist within 1 year after diagnosis (22% of AA men and 15% of white men). County of residence accounted for 10% of the variation in the visit outcome (13% for AA men and 10% for white men). AA men were more likely to live in counties ranked highest in terms of poverty, occupied housing units with no telephone, and crime. AA men were less likely to see a urologist (odds ratio, 0.65 [95% confidence interval, 0.6-0.71]; rate ratio, 0.94 [95% confidence interval, 0.92-0.95]). The sign and magnitude of the coefficients for the county-level measures differed across race-specific regression models of urologist visits. CONCLUSIONS Among older men diagnosed with stage I to III prostate cancer, the social environment appears to contribute to some of the disparities in postdiagnosis urologist visits between AA and white men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eberechukwu Onukwugha
- Pharmaceutical Health Services Research Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
James P, Berrigan D, Hart JE, Hipp JA, Hoehner CM, Kerr J, Major JM, Oka M, Laden F. Effects of buffer size and shape on associations between the built environment and energy balance. Health Place 2014; 27:162-70. [PMID: 24607875 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty in the relevant spatial context may drive heterogeneity in findings on the built environment and energy balance. To estimate the effect of this uncertainty, we conducted a sensitivity analysis defining intersection and business densities and counts within different buffer sizes and shapes on associations with self-reported walking and body mass index. Linear regression results indicated that the scale and shape of buffers influenced study results and may partly explain the inconsistent findings in the built environment and energy balance literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter James
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 401 Park Dr, 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - David Berrigan
- Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 7344, Room 3E342, Bethesda, MD 20892-7344, USA.
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Dr, 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
| | - Christine M Hoehner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University St. Louis, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, UCSD, Psychology Department and the Graduate School of Public Health, SDSU, 10111N, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Major
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7242, Bethesda, MD 20892-7335, USA.
| | - Masayoshi Oka
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Francine Laden
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 401 Park Dr, 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shell AM, Peek MK, Eschbach K. Neighborhood Hispanic composition and depressive symptoms among Mexican-descent residents of Texas City, Texas. Soc Sci Med 2013; 99:56-63. [PMID: 24355471 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Substantial research shows that increased Hispanic neighborhood concentration is associated with several beneficial health outcomes including lower adult mortality, better self-rated health, and fewer respiratory problems. Literature on the relationship of Hispanic composition and depressive symptoms is more equivocal. In addition, few studies have directly investigated hypothesized mechanisms of this relationship. This study uses data from a probability sample of 1238 Mexican-descent adults living in 48 neighborhoods in Texas City, Texas. Multilevel regression models investigate whether Hispanic neighborhood composition is associated with fewer depressive symptoms. This study also investigates whether social support, perceived discrimination, and perceived stress mediate or moderate the relationship, and whether results differ by primary language used at home. We find that individuals living in high Hispanic composition neighborhoods experience fewer depressive symptoms than individuals in low Hispanic composition neighborhoods. In addition, we find that these beneficial effects only apply to respondents who speak English. Social support, perceived discrimination, and perceived stress mediate the Hispanic composition-depressive symptoms relationship. In addition, discrimination and stress moderate the relationship between Hispanic composition and depressive symptoms. Our findings support theories linking higher neighborhood Hispanic composition and better mental health, and suggest that Spanish language use, social support, discrimination and stress may play important roles in the Hispanic composition-depressive symptoms relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Marie Shell
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - M Kristen Peek
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Karl Eschbach
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shaw NT. Geographical information systems and health: current state and future directions. Healthc Inform Res 2012; 18:88-96. [PMID: 22844644 PMCID: PMC3402560 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2012.18.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an introduction to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and how they can be used. It reviews the current state of GIS use in health care before identifying the barriers to more pervasive use of GIS in health. Finally, it makes recommendations for the direction of health GIS research over the next decade and concludes with a call to action to health informatics researchers to stop ignoring a tool and methodology that has such immense potential for improving the health of our communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola T. Shaw
- Health Informatics Institute and Department of Sociology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|