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Hosokawa Y, Ishii K, Shibata A, Yako-Suketomo H, Suko R, Oka K. Social role of the 'Bow-Wow Patrol' in urban areas of Japan: a qualitative study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13119. [PMID: 38849426 PMCID: PMC11161583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The 'Bow-Wow Patrol (BWP)', established to avert local crime by encouraging dog walking, may help build social relationships among individuals through dog walking. However, details of its social influence remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the social roles of BWP in the urban areas of Japan. A total of 18 BWP organisation members from two Tokyo municipalities were recruited using snowball sampling between November 2021 and July 2022. In an interview, participants were asked about their perceptions of changes in their social relationships through the BWP. Qualitative content analysis was conducted after text mining using the KH Coder software. The mean age of the participants was 63.9 years, and 83.3% engaged in BWP 7 days a week. The content analysis revealed six social roles of the BWP: establishment of social networks with schools as the centre, establishment of loose networks inside and outside the BWP organization, enhancement of a sense of trust among neighbours, enhancement of a sense of trust in communities, norms of reciprocity among dog owners, and dog and owner characteristics. This study found that the BWP in urban Japan strengthens social cohesion and expands social networks among dog walkers, encouraging them to continue walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Hosokawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yako-Suketomo
- Faculty of Physical Education, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Suko
- Faculty of Physical Education, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Shealy EC, Teaster PB, Pearce A, Buechner-Maxwell V, Freeze A. Motivations Behind Dog Walking in Older Adults: Insights From Guided Walks and Interviews. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:310-318. [PMID: 38087462 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231214425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For many older adults, physical activity declines with age, contributing to chronic disease and social isolation. Companionship from dogs can help mitigate isolation and promote physical activity. Outdoor environments aligned with the abilities of older adults can encourage walking habits and socialization. To understand how neighborhood features influence dog walking, we adapted a Photovoice approach and photographed 12 older adults walking their dog. Photographs were presented during in-person interviews to facilitate discussions about environmental features. Thematic coding revealed that interactions with nature were key. Participants valued choices in walking path type and conveniently placed dog waste stations. Opportunities to socialize with neighbors were also important. Safety from falling, other animals, and motorized traffic were concerns but were not enough to prevent walking. Our findings suggest that walking environments intended for older adults with dogs should include experiences with nature, diverse path designs, and dog-specific amenities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Pearce
- Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Freeze
- Center for Animal Human Relationships, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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3
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Kogan LR, Currin-McCulloch J, Cook LS. Breast cancer treatment and recovery: pets' roles as emotional buffers and stressors. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:540. [PMID: 37848911 PMCID: PMC10583337 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests pets foster affection, connection, and physical activity, yet has failed to address the challenges people diagnosed with cancer face in caring for their pets. The objective of this study was to better understand how pets serve as emotional buffers and/or stressors for people diagnosed with breast cancer, and how their ability to meet their pet's needs affects their well-being. METHODS A cross-section study of people diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States was conducted. Adults diagnosed with stages 0 (in situ) -IV breast cancer and currently the primary guardian of at least one dog or cat and owned the animal(s) for at least 6 months, were recruited for the study. A total of 211 responses, obtained between July - November 2022 were analyzed. The survey included questions about participants' demographics; attachment to their pets; physical, emotional, and functional well-being; social support received from their pet; and 'pet parenting' concerns. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe participants' demographics. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of pet attachment, well-being, support from pet, and 'pet parenting' concerns. RESULTS People diagnosed with breast cancer derive substantial support from their pets (80% feel their pet makes them feel loved, needed, and offers a positive presence in the home), yet only 50% of participants feel this relationship is supported by their medical team. Controlling for owner demographics, heightened levels of pet-related guilt and concerns, along with lower perceived support from their pet, are all significant predictors of a lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the benefits pets offer people diagnosed with breast cancer, yet also the distress they feel in trying to meet their pet's needs. Assessment conversations about pet ownership, including pet-related support systems, are needed to validate people's concerns and support the identification and development of pet support teams. Medical team facilitated discussions about pet care needs is suggested to demonstrate support for the pet-parent bond and help normalize feelings of guilt related to challenges in meeting their pet's needs. These discussions could be aided through the development of research-driven intervention strategies and online, freely accessible targeted tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Kogan
- Clinical Sciences Department, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Jennifer Currin-McCulloch
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, 1586 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Building 500, 13001 East 17Th Place, B119, Aurora, CO, 80045-2601, USA
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4
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Friedmann E, Gee NR, Simonsick EM, Kitner-Triolo MH, Resnick B, Adesanya I, Koodaly L, Gurlu M. Pet ownership and maintenance of cognitive function in community-residing older adults: evidence from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Sci Rep 2023; 13:14738. [PMID: 37679499 PMCID: PMC10484936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pet ownership has been associated with reduced deterioration in physical health as older adults age; little research focused on deterioration in cognitive function. We examine the relationship of pet, dog, cat ownership, and dog walking to changes in cognitive function among 637 generally healthy community-dwelling older adults (185 pet owners) aged 50-100 years (M = 68.3, SD = 9.6) within the BLSA. Cognitive assessments every 1-4 years over 1-13 years (M = 7.5, SD = 3.6) include the California Verbal Learning (Immediate, Short, Long Recall); Benton Visual Retention; Trail-Making (Trails A, B, B-A); Digit Span; Boston Naming (Naming); and Digit Symbol Substitution (Digit Symbol) Tests. In linear mixed models, deterioration in cognitive function with age was slower for pet owners than non-owners (Immediate, Short, Long Recall; Trails A,B,B-A; Naming; Digit Symbol); dog owners than non-owners (Immediate, Short Recall; Trails A,B; Naming; Digit Symbol); and cat owners than non-owners (Immediate, Short, Long Recall; Naming), controlling for age and comorbidities. Among dog owners (N = 73) walkers experienced slower deterioration than non-walkers (Trails B, B-A; Short Recall). All ps ≤ 0.05. We provide important longitudinal evidence that pet ownership and dog walking contribute to maintaining cognitive function with aging and the need to support pet ownership and dog walking in design of senior communities and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Friedmann
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Nancy R Gee
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Human Animal Interaction, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa H Kitner-Triolo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Resnick
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ikmat Adesanya
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lincy Koodaly
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Merve Gurlu
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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5
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Toohey AM. Considering Cats, Dogs, and Contradictions: Pets and Their Relational Influence on Experiences of Aging in Place. Can J Aging 2023; 42:506-515. [PMID: 37272514 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationships with companion animals, or "pets", may promote health and well-being for older adults as they age-in-place. Less is known, however, about ways that pet-related challenges may simultaneously influence aging-in-place experiences. This study explores the relational qualities of having pets later in life by considering qualitative accounts of older adults who are aging in the community. Semi-structured interviews with 14 socio-economically diverse, community-dwelling older adult pet-owners (≥ 60 years) living in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, were analyzed reflexively. Four recurring themes suggested that companion animal relationships were valued in older adults' lives and helped them cope with challenging circumstances, even when pets were central to these challenges. Findings also confirmed the relational nature of human-animal relationships as being shaped by both individual attributes and systemic factors. Methodological approaches to addressing these multifaceted complexities when studying pets and aging are considered. Enhanced cross-sectoral community and policy-level supports for aging-in-place with pets may have a population-level influence on health, well-being, and social justice across the socio-demographically diverse aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Toohey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Brenda Strafford Centre on Aging, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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6
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Grigoletto A, Toselli S, Zijlema W, Marquez S, Triguero-Mas M, Gidlow C, Grazuleviciene R, Van de Berg M, Kruize H, Maas J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Restoration in mental health after visiting urban green spaces, who is most affected? Comparison between good/poor mental health in four European cities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115397. [PMID: 36740152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between green space and health, and one of these is the restoration theory, based on the idea that it is possible to increase mental health and decrease stress visiting a natural environment. The aims of the present study were to understand what activities are most related to restoration and if these are the same for people with poorer and better mental health. A questionnaire was administered in four European cities and data about restoration outcomes, type of activity carried out in green spaces and mental health were collected and analyzed. A cross sectional design was used and total of 3134 respondents participated to the questionnaire. The restoration experience was measured with the restoration outcome score, and the mental health was evaluated with a subscale related to mental health of the Medical Outcome Short Form. Participants were divided in two groups according to mental health score. A multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between mental health, type of activity and restoration. The cities showed a similar trend in the association between restoration and type of activity performed in green environment. People with poorer mental health seem to be more sensitive to the positive effect of visiting the green environment and restoration was more evident in these people than in those with better mental health. At the same time, the type of activity was less evident in people with better mental health, and they seemed to be less influenced by the visiting of green space. Green prescription is important for the entire population: people with poorer mental health could have important restorative effects and people with better mental health could continue to protect their well-being using green space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Grigoletto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Wilma Zijlema
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr.Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Marquez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr.Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Mariana Arcaya's Research Lab, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christopher Gidlow
- Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Regina Grazuleviciene
- Department of Environmental Science, Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Magdalena Van de Berg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), 1007, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Kruize
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Maas
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), 1007, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr.Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Hudak P. Lawns Too Hot for Dogs in Warm Weather. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2023; 26:147-152. [PMID: 33656402 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1891541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ground temperatures in a residential yard used for exercising dogs were measured and evaluated. The study involved four environments (sunny and dry, sunny and watered, shaded and dry, and shaded and watered), each with three measurement spots (green grass, brown grass, and bare ground). Measurements were made at two-hour intervals from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. on August 15, 2020. Air temperatures ranged from 82.4 °F at 8:00 a.m. to 100.8 °F at 6:00 p.m. Ground temperatures varied considerably more, from 80.9 °F at bare ground in a shaded and watered spot at 8:00 a.m. to 148.2 °F at brown grass in a sunny and dry spot at 4:00 p.m. Over all times, median temperature ranged from 86.0 °F (range 80.9-87.9 °F) at bare ground in a shaded and watered spot to 125.4 °F (range 86.0-142.8 °F) at bare ground in a sunny and dry spot. For all spots, median ground temperature ranged from 82.6 °F (range 80.9-86.3 °F) at 8:00 a.m. to 128.0 °F (range 87.0-143.7 °F) at 2:00 p.m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hudak
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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8
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Mori K, Rock M, McCormack G, Liccioli S, Giunchi D, Marceau D, Stefanakis E, Massolo A. Fecal contamination of urban parks by domestic dogs and tragedy of the commons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3462. [PMID: 36859468 PMCID: PMC9977951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of public parks by dogs is a potential source of conflict among park users, causing "tragedy of the commons" problems. Besides the social conflict, feces can pose serious health risks to both dogs and humans. In this study we analyzed the extent and patterns of the distribution of dog feces in the urban parks of the City of Calgary. We collected dog feces from randomly selected locations in the urban parks. The average density of dog feces by the different dog leash policies of the parks and the distribution pattern of the fecal density within the parks were assessed, and the total contamination of the public parks for the entire city was estimated. We found off-leash parks to be significantly more contaminated than other types of parks. We estimated 127.23 g/ha of dog feces are left unpicked in city parks in total every week. Dog feces were found more often and in greater amount in off-leash parks, and near park entrances and parking lots, than in on-leash parks and away from the park entrances. These results suggest that public park visitors, especially those visiting off-leash parks, are likely to be exposed to large amounts of dog feces. Designation of parks as on-leash and educating dog-owners may be an effective approach for reducing the fecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Mori
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Graduate School of Human Development and Environment/Department of Human Environmental Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Melanie Rock
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Gavin McCormack
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Stefano Liccioli
- grid.451141.4Grasslands National Park, Parks Canada Agency, Val Marie, SK Canada
| | - Dimitri Giunchi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danielle Marceau
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Geomatics Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Emmanuel Stefanakis
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Geomatics Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Alessandro Massolo
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France.
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9
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Salmon AJ, Pachana NA. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Assistance Dog Ownership on Practical Support, Health, and Wellbeing: Implications for Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:669-694. [PMID: 35918827 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While assistance dog use has received considerable recent attention, few studies have focused on benefits for older adults. The current review examined effects of assistance dog acquisition across practical, mental, physical, and social wellbeing domains for older adults. Further, it compared assistance dog types and identified potential barriers to acquisition. METHODS A systematic review was completed. Criteria focused on older adults with relevant disabilities (visual/hearing impairments, and PTSD), who received support from an assistance dog (guide, hearing or other assistance dog). Identified studies (n = 2,951) were screened, 256 assessed for eligibility, and 28 included, with key information extracted and summarized. RESULTS All dog types demonstrated benefits across all assessed domains. Disadvantages and acquisition barriers were identified. However, limited empirical evidence was available, and no studies focused exclusively on older adults, revealing the need for studies including this age-group. CONCLUSIONS While results indicated support for assistance dog acquisition, disadvantages and barriers require further attention. Methodologically improved research should focus on assistance dog acquisition for older persons. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The study indicated assistance dog acquisition could produce positive clinical impacts, including on mental health and everyday functioning. Thus, acquisition could be considered as part a multi-faceted treatment or recommended to appropriate older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Salmon
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Park JY, Ko HJ, Song JE, Ji SM, Kim SY. Pet Insects May Improve Physical Performance and Sleep in Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly People with Chronic Diseases: A Single-Arm Interventional Pilot Study. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1919-1929. [PMID: 36601357 PMCID: PMC9807014 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s387603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) is an effective intervention that improves the mental and physical health. However, few have examined the efficacy of pet insects as a form of AAI for prefrail and frail elderly. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of pet insects on physical performance and psychological health in community-dwelling frail elderly individuals with a chronic disease. Patients and Methods This study was an 8 week prospective single-arm interventional pilot study that enrolled prefrail and frail community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and older, all of whom had a chronic disease and attended a daycare facility. Pet insects and appropriate equipment were provided, and supporting programs were used to educate participants about how to rear the insects and how to get close to them. Pre- and post-interventional physical and psychological functions were evaluated. Results A total of 23 subjects (mean age, 82.78 years) were enrolled in the final analysis. The timed up-and-go-test (TUG) was used to measure functional mobility, and grip strength was used as a measure of muscle strength; both showed significant changes after the 8-week intervention (Δ = -0.35±0.73 sec, P = 0.034; and Δ = 0.73±0.99 kg, P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the insomnia severity index (ISI) and average sleep duration improved significantly (Δ = -2.91±5.64, P = -0.021; and Δ = 0.87±1.98, P = 0.047, respectively). There were no significant changes in the results of other psychometric tests. Logistic regression analysis using the forward stepwise selection method revealed that the baseline ISI score and the absence of other comorbidities were significantly associated with the probability of positive changes in both the TUG and HS tests after the intervention. Conclusion Pet insects may be an effective and easily applicable type of AAI, which improves physical function and sleep in prefrail and frail elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea,Correspondence: Hae-Jin Ko, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea, Tel +82-53-200-6578, Fax +82-53-200-5480, Email
| | - Ji-Eun Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - So-Yun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
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11
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Lee H, Collins D, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL. Age and Physical Activity Levels in Companion Dogs: Results From the Dog Aging Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1986-1993. [PMID: 35486978 PMCID: PMC9536450 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While there has been an abundance of studies on the important relationship between physical activity and age in both dogs and humans, studies on dogs have primarily focused on how a dog's biological characteristics, such as their weight, affect the age-activity relationship. To date, there is little knowledge about how this relationship may be associated with contextual- and owner-level characteristics. We leveraged a large and novel data set from the Dog Aging Project (DAP) to investigate the extent to which the age-activity relationship is associated with certain dog and owner characteristics, namely dog size, owner age, and the environment in which they live. Dogs are a unique model for aging research as they are exposed to similar social and environmental elements as humans but have a shorter life span, allowing researchers to observe their entire life course. We find that older dogs are less active than younger dogs; rural dogs are more active than suburban and urban dogs, especially at younger ages; and larger dogs are more active than smaller dogs. These findings are generally consistent with previous studies. However, a surprising finding is that older owners have more active dogs than younger owners. As one of the first studies to utilize the large survey data from the DAP, this study lays the foundation for future investigations to further understand and identify the biological, social, and environmental causes, as well as consequences, of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lee
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Devin Collins
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Benefits and Conflicts: A Systematic Review of Dog Park Design and Management Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172251. [PMID: 36077971 PMCID: PMC9455081 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dog parks contribute physical and social benefits for both canines and their owners, especially during and since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, dogs in public places can create various conflicts. Growing numbers of scholars have explored strategies for effective park design and management. This systematic study synthesizes and analyze the benefits, conflicts, and strategies for the design and management of dog parks according to the PRISMA guidelines. Based on the summary of conflicts between canines, humans, and their environment, we present design and management guidance for dog parks to effectively mitigate these conflicts while enhancing the benefits of off-leash areas. While this study promotes a sustainable and healthy coexistence of canines and residents of built environments through appropriate design and management strategies, several research and practice gaps have been identified from the results, such as the dearth of experimental evidence and limitations of the physical benefits of dog parks. These research gaps provide opportunities for experts to address in future. Abstract Dog ownership and dog walking brings various health benefits for urban dwellers, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, but trigger a number of controversies. Dog parks have become increasingly significant public resources in the pandemic to support these benefits while facing intense conflicts. To develop effective dog parks in urban settings, growing numbers of scholars have provided insights into the design and management strategies for addressing the benefits and conflicts. The objective of this study is to synthesize and analyze various aspects of dog park design and management and to assess identified strategies for enhancing their benefits while mitigating their drawbacks. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic study was conducted to synthesize the benefits, conflicts, and management strategies of dog parks, supported by Citespace. Benefits and conflicts in dog park design and management have been synthesized and organized according to their frequency of presence and the statistical results. We analyzed and assessed existing design and management strategies. Through this systematic study, we discovered the need obtain o po experimental evidence on effective dog park design and management to enhance their benefits while mitigating their sources of conflict and limitations in the intensity of park visitors’ physical activity in off-leash areas. Guidelines for the design and management strategies for effective dog parks were made to enhance their benefits while alleviating conflicts in the future development of sustainable dog parks that promote healthy relationships between canines and residents in urban built environments.
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Buckley TD. A Scoping Review of Psychological Sense of Community among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148395. [PMID: 35886245 PMCID: PMC9317274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychological sense of community (PSOC) is an important construct for health and well-being outcomes for community-dwelling older adults. Drawing on the Ecological Theory of Aging and the Age-Friendly Cities (AFC) framework, this scoping review explored how PSOC has been used in research with community-dwelling older adults. This study examined antecedents, correlates, and outcomes of PSOC, with a focus on relevance to theory and practice. Databases were searched between 1986 and 2021 for peer-reviewed journal articles. Searches identified 582 unique articles, and 28 were included in the final sample. Three primary themes emerged in the synthesis: relevance to the AFC framework, PSOC as a predictor of health and well-being outcomes, and the role of PSOC in relocation. Findings from this review show that PSOC serves as a mechanism that links the social and physical AFC environments with health and well-being outcomes. This review also presents mechanisms for how features of the environment relate to PSOC. These findings demonstrate the role of PSOC as a resource to improve person–environment fit. Results from this review can be used to guide future research and inform theory, policy, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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14
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Buckley TD, Kim K, Burnette D. Psychometric testing of the Brief Sense of Community Scale with older adults in Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2116-2129. [PMID: 34817078 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) is a well-validated measure of psychological sense of community (PSOC), but it has yet to be tested with Spanish-speaking older adults. The current study uses data from face-to-face interviews with a non-probability sample of 154 community-dwelling older adults in Puerto Rico. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test three competing factor structures. We also tested internal consistency reliability and convergent validity. CFA results show the second-order four-factor model was the best fit (χ2 (16) = 20.78, p = 0.187; CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.995, SRMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.044, 90% CI [<0.001, 0.092]). The BSCS showed good reliability (α = 0.85) and was correlated in the expected direction with social network size (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) and loneliness (r = -0.27, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the BSCS comprises the four domains (membership, needs fulfillment, emotional connection, and influence) from the original PSOC theory. These results inform theory development and can aid program planning, policy, and practice with older adults in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Buckley
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyeongmo Kim
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Denise Burnette
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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15
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Wang X, Qi K, Zhou Y, Zhou C. Pet ownership and cognitive frailty among Chinese rural older adults who experienced a social loss: Is there a sex difference? Soc Sci Med 2022; 305:115100. [PMID: 35690032 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of a spouse (widowed or divorced) is one of the most common forms of social loss in older adults. However, evidence is limited regarding whether social loss is associated with cognitive frailty. Maintaining pets has become increasingly popular. Despite its health benefits, little is known about whether pet ownership can buffer cognitive frailty in older adults facing social loss. Here, we examined the role of pet ownership in the relationship between social loss and cognitive frailty among males and females older adults living in rural China. METHODS A total of 2638 rural older adults were analysed. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore risk or protective factors associated with cognitive frailty. Participants were categorised into four groups according to social loss and pet ownership assessment: (i) no social loss + own pet, (ii) no social loss + no pet, (iii) social loss + own pet, and (iv) social loss + no pet. Binary logistic regression was also performed to examine the interaction effects of social loss and pet ownership on cognitive frailty stratified by sex. RESULTS Regardless of pet ownership, spousal loss was associated with cognitive frailty for men and women. Female participants who experienced loss without a pet had a significantly higher risk of cognitive frailty. However, we did not observe a significant association between pet ownership and cognitive frailty among men who experienced loss. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the buffering effect of pet ownership on cognitive frailty in older women experiencing social loss. This implies that targeted support for older adults of different sexes who experienced social losses may be effective in preventing cognitive frailty in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiyuan Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Kaili Qi
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yanxin Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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McLennan K, Rock MJ, Mattos E, Toohey AM. Leashes, Litterboxes, and Lifelines: Exploring Volunteer-Based Pet Care Assistance Programs for Older Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:873372. [PMID: 35558722 PMCID: PMC9087836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At the convergence of population aging and pet-ownership, community stakeholders are well-positioned to support older adults' relationships with companion animals through age-related transitions in health and living arrangements. In this study's setting, a volunteer-based pet care assistance program launched in 2017 to provide practical assistance with pet care for socially disadvantaged, community-dwelling older adults. This case study explored the impacts and feasibility of this and similar programs via (i) an Internet-based environmental scan to compare similar programs and (ii) qualitative interviews with a sampling of diverse community stakeholders (n = 9). A small number of comparable international programs (n = 16) were found. Among these, programs were delivered using a range of funding models; fewer than half involved collaborations across human social services and animal welfare sectors; and none addressed all dimensions of support offered by our local program. Analysis of qualitative interviews highlighted five major themes confirming the value of the volunteer-based approach and the importance of cross-sectoral collaborations in addressing older adults' under-recognized pet care-related needs. Taken together, the findings confirmed the effectiveness of our local program model. Collaborative, cross-sectoral programs that target both human and companion animal well-being hold promise to reduce barriers to pet ownership that many disadvantaged older adults face. This unique approach leverages the health-promoting potential of human-animal relationships in ways that enhance quality of life for individuals, animal welfare, and age-friendliness of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate McLennan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie J. Rock
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emma Mattos
- Calgary Seniors Resource Society, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ann M. Toohey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Brenda Strafford Centre on Aging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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McCune S, Promislow D. Healthy, Active Aging for People and Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:655191. [PMID: 34164450 PMCID: PMC8215343 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.655191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs act as companions who provide us with emotional and physical support. Their shorter lifespans compel us to learn about the challenges and gifts of caring for older individuals. Our companion dogs can be exemplars of healthy or unhealthy aging, and sentinels of environmental factors that might increase or decrease our own healthy lifespan. In recent years, the field of aging has emphasized not just lifespan, but healthspan—the period of healthy, active lifespan. This focus on healthy, active aging is reflected in the World Health Organization's current focus on healthy aging for the next decade and the 2016 Healthy Aging in Action initiative in the US. This paper explores the current research into aging in both people and companion dogs, and in particular, how the relationship between older adults and dogs impacts healthy, active aging for both parties. The human-dog relationship faces many challenges as dogs, and people, age. We discuss potential solutions to these challenges, including suggestions for ways to continue contact with dogs if dog ownership is no longer possible for an older person. Future research directions are outlined in order to encourage the building of a stronger evidence base for the role of dogs in the lives of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra McCune
- School of Psychology, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom.,Animal Matters Consultancy Ltd., Stamford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Promislow
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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18
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'Tracking Together'-Simultaneous Use of Human and Dog Activity Trackers: Protocol for a Factorial, Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041561. [PMID: 33562180 PMCID: PMC7916073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dog-walkers are more likely to achieve moderate-intensity physical activity. Linking the use of activity trackers with dog-walking may be beneficial both in terms of improving the targeted behavior and increasing the likelihood of sustained use. This manuscript aims to describe the protocol of a pilot study which intends to examine the effects of simultaneous use of activity trackers by humans and their dogs on the physical activity level of humans and dogs. This study uses nonprobability sampling of dog owners of age 25-65 (N = 80) and involves four parallel groups in an observational randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design, based on use of dog or human activity trackers for eight weeks. Each group consists of dog-human duos, in which both, either or none are wearing an activity tracker for eight weeks. At baseline and end, all human subjects wear ActiGraph accelerometers that quantify physical activity for one week. Commercial activity trackers are used for tracking human and dog activity remotely. Additional measures for humans are body composition and self-reported physical activity. Dog owners also report dog's weight and physical activity using a questionnaire. A factorial analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is used to compare physical activity across the four groups from baseline to week-10.
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Settels J, Leist AK. Changes in neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and older Americans' cognitive functioning. Health Place 2021; 68:102510. [PMID: 33493963 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While associations of neighborhood conditions with cognitive functioning at older ages have been established, few studies have investigated with a dynamic perspective if changing neighborhood socioeconomic conditions affect older residents' cognitive declines, and which putative factors mediate this relationship. METHOD Using data from waves 2 (2010-2011) and 3 (2015-2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) survey (n = 1837), ordinary least squares regressions and mediation analyses were conducted, adjusting for multiple confounders and testing eight putative mediators. RESULTS Worsening neighborhood socioeconomic circumstances were associated with cognitive declines. Changes in depressive symptoms, sizes of close social networks, and physical activity substantially mediated this relationship. DISCUSSION While 18.10% of the total effect occurred through these mechanisms, further pathways may work through contextual- and individual-level variables not assessed in the NSHAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Settels
- University of Luxembourg, Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Anja K Leist
- University of Luxembourg, Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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20
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Schwarzmüller-Erber G, Stummer H, Maier M, Kundi M. Nature Relatedness of Recreational Horseback Riders and Its Association with Mood and Wellbeing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114136. [PMID: 32531937 PMCID: PMC7312614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Connectedness to nature and nature contact can provide many benefits to humans, like stress reduction, recovery from illness, and increased positive emotions. Likewise, recreational horseback riding is a widespread sports activity with the potential to enhance physical and psychological health. Yet, the influence of connectedness to nature on the wellbeing of older aged recreational horseback riders has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study therefore was to explore the relationship between nature relatedness and physical, psychological and social wellbeing and happiness. The study sample was composed of Austrian recreational horseback riders aged 45 years and older, who were compared with dog owners and people without pets (n = 178). We found significantly higher nature relatedness, significantly higher overall wellbeing and a significantly better mood rating in recreational horseback riders compared to people without pets and similar scores compared to dog owners. Physical wellbeing is correlated with overall nature relatedness in horseback riders and dog owners, but no correlation was found in people without pets. A structural equation model shows a direct relationship between nature relatedness and mood in horseback riders and an indirect relationship through pet attachment in dog owners. The results suggest the activity with horses and dogs in nature environments is a source of wellbeing, enjoyment, self-confidence and social contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Schwarzmüller-Erber
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstrasse 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Harald Stummer
- Institute for Management & Economics in Health Care, UMIT, 6060 Hall i.T., Austria;
- Faculty of Business, University Seeburg Castle, Seeburgstraße 8, 5201 Seekirchen/Wallersee, Austria
| | - Manfred Maier
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Kundi
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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21
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The Best Medicine: Personal Pets and Therapy Animals in the Hospital Setting. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2020; 32:167-190. [PMID: 32402314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Companion animals can have a positive impact on people's health and well-being. Personal pet visitation and animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) can benefit patients' pain, blood pressure, stress, depression, and anxiety, as well as increasing mobility and socialization with staff and families. Implementing personal pet visitation and/or AAI programs requires the involvement of stakeholders from multiple disciplines. AAI is generally well received by staff. Animal presence in the intensive care unit carries few risks for humans and animals but is not risk free. Programs should be designed to minimize these risks. Effective planning can create programs that support patient-centered and family-centered care.
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22
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Pet Attachment and Wellbeing of Older-Aged Recreational Horseback Riders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061865. [PMID: 32183083 PMCID: PMC7143422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine if and how emotional attachment to their animal of older-aged (45+) horseback riders affects their physical, psychological and social wellbeing in comparison to dog owners. Overall, 124 individuals 45+ years answered questionnaires about pet attachment and wellbeing. Comparisons were carried out using a general linear model with activity group (rider/dog owner) as the main variable of interest. Horseback riders had no significantly lower pet attachment scores compared to dog owners. Gender differences of pet attachment were found in riders, with women having higher love factor scores. Self-reported mood during activities with the animal was significantly correlated with overall pet attachment, pet love and personal growth by contact with the pet in both, riders and dog owners. We observed no correlation of physical wellbeing during and after the activity with the animal and overall pet attachment in dog owners and horseback riders. Psychological wellbeing during the activity was significantly correlated with overall pet attachment in riders and social wellbeing during the activity in both groups. Recreational horseback riders nearly reach pet attachment scores of dog owners, increasing social and psychological wellbeing in a manner similar to that in dog owners.
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23
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Ayalon L. Sense of belonging to the community in continuing care retirement communities and adult day care centers: The role of the social network. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:437-447. [PMID: 31638726 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the contribution of the social network to one's sense of belonging to the community (SCB) in two different long-term care settings: Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) and adult day care centers (ADCCs). METHODS Overall, 245 respondents participated in both waves of the study that were spaced about 1 year apart. RESULTS Results show that constraint in the social network (e.g., being socially invested in a single group of interconnected ties) is particularly detrimental for CCRC residents, but not for ADCC participants. Betweenness, defined as the number of shortest paths that pass through the focal person, was not significantly related to SCB. In addition, the size of the egocentric network, obtained through a name generator of a list of all potentially meaningful individuals identified by respondents, was directly correlated with SCB at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings are discussed in light of differences between the two long-term care settings and the different social network indicators examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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24
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Understanding the Relationship Between Pet Ownership and Physical Activity Among Older Community-Dwelling Adults-A Mixed Methods Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:131-139. [PMID: 31629360 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pet ownership is associated with increased levels of physical activity (PA) in older adults. Studies have mainly focused on the association between PA and dog walking; however, broader aspects of pet ownership may influence PA. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between pet ownership and incidental and purposeful PA using a mixed methods approach. Participants' (N = 15) PA was measured for 7 days using accelerometers and diaries. Semistructured interviews explored participants' perspectives regarding pet-related activities. Participants' mean (SD) daily step count was 14,204 (5,061) steps, and mean (SD) sedentary time per day was 8.76 (1.18) hr. Participants strongly concurred that their pets were an integral part of their daily lives. Incidental and purposeful PA resulted from participants undertaking pet care and socially interacting with their pets. Pets may interrupt sedentary behaviors by nudging older adults to engage in PA as part of their daily lived experience.
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25
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Toohey AM, Krahn TM. 'Simply to be let in': opening the doors to lower-income older adults and their companion animals. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:661-665. [PMID: 28977402 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by poet J.L. Borges's intimations on acceptance, this commentary highlights the eviction of an older woman and her kitten from an affordable independent living facility as representing exclusionary practices and policies that compromise the ability for some lower-income older adults to age-in-place. Even as efforts to promote aging-in-place have prioritized housing as a key need, and public health evidence suggests benefits from animal companionship later in life, there is a shortage of social and other types of affordable housing in Canada and elsewhere that allows older adult tenants to reside independently with companion animals. Within the private housing market, however, companion animals may be leveraged as a marketing tactic, with 'pets' being welcomed into rental arrangements. In light of this means-patterned discrepancy, this commentary troubles the persistent undervaluing of human-animal relationships that exists at policy and practice levels. Furthermore, banning companion animals from affordable housing subsumes an accepted yet insidious practise of regulating the lives of older adults who have not achieved idealized conceptions of responsible aging, including home ownership. We draw these two concerns together by advocating for adequate provision of affordable housing opportunities where lower-income older adults may be granted the choice to establish a home that includes a companion animal as they age-in-place.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Toohey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - T M Krahn
- Novel Tech Ethics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Sándor S, Kubinyi E. Genetic Pathways of Aging and Their Relevance in the Dog as a Natural Model of Human Aging. Front Genet 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31681409 PMCID: PMC6813227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging research has experienced a burst of scientific efforts in the last decades as the growing ratio of elderly people has begun to pose an increased burden on the healthcare and pension systems of developed countries. Although many breakthroughs have been reported in understanding the cellular mechanisms of aging, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to senescence on higher biological levels are still barely understood. The dog, Canis familiaris, has already served as a valuable model of human physiology and disease. The possible role the dog could play in aging research is still an open question, although utilization of dogs may hold great promises as they naturally develop age-related cognitive decline, with behavioral and histological characteristics very similar to those of humans. In this regard, family dogs may possess unmatched potentials as models for investigations on the complex interactions between environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors that determine the course of aging. In this review, we summarize the known genetic pathways in aging and their relevance in dogs, putting emphasis on the yet barely described nature of certain aging pathways in canines. Reasons for highlighting the dog as a future aging and gerontology model are also discussed, ranging from its unique evolutionary path shared with humans, its social skills, and the fact that family dogs live together with their owners, and are being exposed to the same environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mičková E, Machová K, Daďová K, Svobodová I. Does Dog Ownership Affect Physical Activity, Sleep, and Self-Reported Health in Older Adults? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183355. [PMID: 31514379 PMCID: PMC6765935 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is crucial for maintaining good health of older adults and owning a dog and walking it can enforce it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dog ownership on PA in older adults as well as its positive impact on perceived degree of health, and sleep. There were 44 participants of mean age 68 ± 5.4 years (18 males, 26 females) enrolled in this study (dog owners—DO, n = 26; non-dog owners—NDO, n = 18). Xiaomi Mi Band 2 accelerometer, International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short form (IPAQ-Short Form) and SF-36 questionnaires were used to measure the level of PA, sleep, and subjective health. A statistically significant difference was observed in favor of dog owners in most of the monitored parameters. All accelerometer PA parameters (step count, activity time, distance, calories) showed a significant difference at a p < 0.01. Sleep parameters were significant in total sleep length (p = 0.05) and light sleep length (p < 0.05). DO reported higher total PA time (min/week), MET/min/week spent in walking, and spent calories/week (p < 0.05). In SF-36 they reported higher score (p < 0.05) in general health, physical functioning, social functioning, pain, vitality, and emotional well-being. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in the DO group (p < 0.01). The results suggest that dog ownership may affect the overall PA and health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Mičková
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Machová
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Daďová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague 162 52, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivona Svobodová
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic.
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Amosun SL, Doyle-Baker PK. What can Sub-Saharan Africa learn from Canada's investment in active healthy ageing? A narrative view. Malawi Med J 2019; 31:95-98. [PMID: 31143404 PMCID: PMC6526340 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v31i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of older persons in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Aims What can Sub-Saharan Africa learn from other countries that may enhance the health and wellness of older persons? Canada was conveniently selected as the country which has endorsed the need for action on active ageing, given that by 2026, 1 in every 5 Canadians will have reached the age of 65 years and 4% of the overall population will be 85 years and older. Methods English language electronic searches of computerized databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO) were done to locate relevant published studies on Canada, from January 2000 to August 2014. Keyword combination included: physical activity/activities, exercise/s, older person/s, elderly, ageing adults, seniors, and older people. Results 8 out of 400 plus articles were reviewed, and 4 key approaches in ensuring active ageing in Canada were identified. From these, 5 public health-oriented plans are recommended for Sub-Saharan Africa: (1) there should be a shift in the conceptualisation of what physical activity entails, (2) it is necessary to build and strengthen collaboration between various stakeholders involved in planning, (3) raising awareness among older persons and the general population on the benefits in participating in physical activity, (4) encourage older persons to participate in culturally relevant physical activity, and (5) laying a better foundation for future generations of older persons. Conclusion Though more elaborate planning is required, these recommended plans will contribute to achieving average life expectancy beyond 60 years in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyi Ladele Amosun
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Caffrey N, Rock M, Schmidtz O, Anderson D, Parkinson M, Checkley SL. Insights about the Epidemiology of Dog Bites in a Canadian City Using a Dog Aggression Scale and Administrative Data. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060324. [PMID: 31174303 PMCID: PMC6617111 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Any dog is capable of biting, and dog bites can cause serious injuries to humans or other animals. To prevent dogs from biting, we need to understand the circumstances in which dog bites are most likely to occur. Once we have that information, we can act by improving public awareness and tailoring interventions to those most at risk of being injured. In this study, we assess the circumstances surrounding dog-bite injuries, by considering dog-bite severity in conjunction with information about where the incident occurred, about human victims, and about the dogs themselves. This approach was possible because The City of Calgary systematically tracks dog-bite severity. We found that from 2012–2017, the number of severe bites occurring in Calgary has fallen. That said, severe bites tended to occur in the homes where the dogs lived, and to be directed towards children and older adults. The results from our study underscore that educational communication for parents, grandparents, and other caregivers should emphasize the importance of constant supervision around dogs, including family dogs, whenever children are present. In addition, more attention should be paid to the risks that dogs pose to older adults. Failure to protect people from dog-bite injuries has implications for the dogs’ own welfare, as well as for human health. Dogs are most likely to bite when they feel insecure in the first place. Furthermore, common responses to severe dog-bite injuries in people include rehoming and euthanizing dogs. Abstract Dog bites are a public health concern that also implicates animal welfare, with negative outcomes such as rehoming or euthanasia for the animals responsible. Previous research has shown that the severity of dog-bite injuries reflects multiple factors, including the degree of inhibition exhibited by dogs and how people behave towards dogs. This study utilizes an objective dog bite injury assessment tool: The Dunbar aggression scale. Trained officers employed by The City of Calgary systematically use the Dunbar scale whenever investigating dog-bite complaints. We analyzed The City of Calgary’s administrative data on confirmed dog-bite injuries in people, 2012–2017, with a multivariable generalized ordered logistic regression model. Severe dog-bite injuries occurred more frequently in the family home than in any other setting. Young children, youths and older adults were at higher risk of more serious bites than adults. There has been a decreasing trend in the probability of a high or medium severity bite, and an increasing trend in the probability of a low severity bite since 2012. These results indicate that greater public awareness regarding dog-bite injuries is needed. Consideration should be given to campaigns targeted towards different demographics, including older adults, to provide an understanding of dog behaviour and to emphasize the need to supervise children closely in the presence of all dogs at all times, including family dogs in the home environment. Given that dog-bite injuries are not just a public health issue, but also an animal welfare issue, we endorse One Health responses in educational campaigns, policy development, and professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Caffrey
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2nd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Melanie Rock
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2nd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3rd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3rd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Olivia Schmidtz
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2nd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Doug Anderson
- City of Calgary, Calgary Community Standards, 2201 Portland St SE, Calgary, AB T2G 4M7, Canada.
| | - Melissa Parkinson
- City of Calgary, Calgary Community Standards, 2201 Portland St SE, Calgary, AB T2G 4M7, Canada.
| | - Sylvia L Checkley
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2nd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3rd Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Public Laboratories, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, Canada.
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Farkas B, Wagner DJ, Nettel-Aguirre A, Friedenreich C, McCormack GR. Evidence synthesis - A systematized literature review on the associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and walking among Canadian adults. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2019; 39:1-14. [PMID: 30652838 PMCID: PMC6350841 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence to date suggests that the built environment has the potential to facilitate and even discourage physical activity. A limitation of previous reviews is that they have typically not been country-specific. We conducted a systematized literature review of quantitative studies that estimated associations between the built environment-which were objectively measured-and walking among Canadian adults. METHODS Five scientific databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in all years up to December 31, 2016, that estimated the association between the built environment (i.e. objectively measured using audits and Geographic Information Systems [GIS]) and physical activity among a sample of Canadian adults. The database searches, title and abstract screen, full-text review and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers. RESULTS Of 4140 articles identified, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included data from a single Canadian province. All but two studies were cross-sectional. Most studies captured self-reported walking for transportation and walking for any purpose. Overall walkability and land use were consistently associated with walking for transportation, while proximity to destinations was associated with walking for any purpose. CONCLUSION Our review findings suggest that the built environment is potentially important for supporting adult walking. Overall walkability, land use and proximity to destinations appear to be important given their association with transportation walking and walking for any purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenlea Farkas
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel J Wagner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Friedenreich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Toohey AM, Rock MJ. Disruptive Solidarity or Solidarity Disrupted? A Dialogical Narrative Analysis of Economically Vulnerable Older Adults' Efforts to Age in Place with Pets. Public Health Ethics 2018; 12:15-29. [PMID: 30891096 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one-third of older adults in many countries have a companion animal, and pets may harbor health-promoting potential. Few studies have considered pet-ownership in relation to economic vulnerability, and pet-ownership has not been often considered within policy efforts to promote ageing-in-place. We conducted a mixed methods case study to understand perspectives of both community agencies that support ageing-in-place and older adults themselves. A shortage of affordable, appropriate pet-friendly housing emerged as a challenge, even when framed as a legitimate choice and preference for many older adults. In this manuscript, we share the trajectories of three economically vulnerable older adults whose affordable housing needs became entangled with commitments to pets. Guided by dialogical narrative methodology, we offer each narrative as a short vignette to (i) illustrate the extent to which older adults will practice 'more-than-human solidarity' for a pet, even when their own well-being is compromised as a result; and (ii) highlight incongruence between the underlying moral values that shape solidaristic practices of individuals versus solidaristic arrangements that shape affordable housing opportunities. We suggest that housing rules and legislation that disrupt, rather than confirm, more-than-human solidarity may render older adults susceptible to, rather than protected from, deteriorating physical, mental and social well-being. We propose that collective solidaristic practices must reflect and subsume the moral complexity of solidarity practiced by individuals, to enable fair and equitable ageing-in-place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Toohey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Melanie J Rock
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
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Curl AL, Bibbo J, Johnson RA. Dog Walking, the Human-Animal Bond and Older Adults' Physical Health. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 57:930-939. [PMID: 27002004 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study This study explored the associations between dog ownership and pet bonding with walking behavior and health outcomes in older adults. Design and Methods We used data from the 12th wave (2012) of the Health and Retirement Study which included an experimental human-animal interaction module. Ordinary least squares regression and binary logistic regression models controlling for demographic variables were used to answer the research questions. Results Dog walking was associated with lower body mass index, fewer activities of daily living limitations, fewer doctor visits, and more frequent moderate and vigorous exercise. People with higher degrees of pet bonding were more likely to walk their dog and to spend more time walking their dog each time, but they reported walking a shorter distance with their dog than those with weaker pet bonds. Dog ownership was not associated with better physical health or health behaviors. Implications This study provides evidence for the association between dog walking and physical health using a large, nationally representative sample. The relationship with one's dog may be a positive influence on physical activity for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Curl
- Department of Family Studies and Social Work, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Jessica Bibbo
- Department of Human Development and Family Science
- Research Center for Human-Animal Interaction, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Rebecca A Johnson
- Research Center for Human-Animal Interaction, College of Veterinary Medicine
- Gerontological Nursing, Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia
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Christian H, Bauman A, Epping JN, Levine GN, McCormack G, Rhodes RE, Richards E, Rock M, Westgarth C. Encouraging Dog Walking for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:233-243. [PMID: 30202393 PMCID: PMC6124971 DOI: 10.1177/1559827616643686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits, including the prevention of many chronic diseases and conditions or a reduction in their adverse effects. Intervention studies suggest that promoting dog walking among dog owners who do not routinely walk their dogs may be an effective strategy for increasing and maintaining regular physical activity. Strategies that emphasize the value of dog walking for both dogs and people, promote the context-dependent repetition of dog walking, enhance the social-interaction benefits, encourage family dog walking, and ensure availability of public space for dog walking may encourage increased dog walking. Research also supports organizing buddy systems via "loaner" dogs to facilitate informal walking by dog owners and non-dog owners. Given the number of homes that have dogs, strategies that promote dog walking could be effective at increasing physical activity levels among a significant proportion of the population. Maximizing the potential for dog walking to positively influence the health of individual people (and dogs) will only occur through implementing programs with broad population-level reach. Policies that facilitate dog walking at the community and population levels, such as "dogs allowed" places, off-leash zones, and dog-friendly built environments and parks, may contribute to greater physical activity through dog walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christian
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Jacqueline N Epping
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Glenn N Levine
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Gavin McCormack
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Melanie Rock
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Carri Westgarth
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
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Pets, Social Participation, and Aging-in-Place: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Can J Aging 2018; 37:200-217. [PMID: 29631643 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RÉSUMÉDes données de référence nationales et représentatives de l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ÉLCV) ont été utilisées pour évaluer si la possession d’un animal de compagnie était associée à la participation sociale et à la satisfaction de vivre des personnes âgées (≥65 ans, n= 7,474). Des statistiques descriptives ont permis de distinguer les modalités de la possession d’animaux dans la population canadienne plus âgée, et des modèles de régression logistique ont été utilisés pour estimer les associations entre la participation sociale et la satisfaction de vivre de personnes âgées possédant ou non des animaux. Un tiers des personnes âgées de l’échantillon ont rapporté posséder des animaux. En moyenne, les personnes possédant des animaux avaient une satisfaction de vivre inférieure (OR=0,73, p<0,001) et participaient à moins d’activités sociales, récréatives et culturelles sur une base régulière (OR=0,73, p<0,001) que les personnes sans animaux; cependant, les personnes avec animaux n’étaient pas moins satisfaites de leur niveau actuel de participation sociale que celles sans animaux. Pour les propriétaires d’animaux dont la participation sociale était compromise, les animaux semblaient constituer un facteur de protection dans certaines circonstances. Des caractéristiques individuelles et des facteurs structurels liés au cadre conceptuel des Collectivités amies des aînés de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé ont permis de mieux comprendre ces résultats.
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Rahim T, Barrios PR, McKee G, McLaws M, Kosatsky T. Public Health Considerations Associated with the Location and Operation of Off-Leash Dog Parks. J Community Health 2018; 43:433-440. [PMID: 29027053 PMCID: PMC5830495 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Off-leash dog parks may enhance human health, but may also lead to health risk through infection or canine aggression. Published evidence was reviewed to examine positive and negative public health impacts of off-leash dog parks, as well as strategies for enhancing benefits and mitigating risks. Evidence suggests that off-leash dog parks can benefit physical and social health, as well as community connectedness. While studies have documented shedding of zoonotic agents in dog parks, the risk of transmission to humans is relatively unknown. Evidence on the risk of dog bites in off-leash dog parks is also limited. Case-examples from North American off-leash dog parks highlight the importance of park location/design, public adherence to safe and hygienic practices, and effective regulatory strategies for mitigating potential risks and maximizing the benefits of off-leash dog parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tissa Rahim
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada.
- Environmental Health Services, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Pablo Romero Barrios
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Geoffrey McKee
- School of Public and Population Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Melissa McLaws
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tom Kosatsky
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Environmental Health Services, Vancouver, Canada
- National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, Canada
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Living Close to Natural Outdoor Environments in Four European Cities: Adults' Contact with the Environments and Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101162. [PMID: 28974010 PMCID: PMC5664663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether residential availability of natural outdoor environments (NOE) was associated with contact with NOE, overall physical activity and physical activity in NOE, in four different European cities using objective measures. A nested cross-sectional study was conducted in Barcelona (Spain); Stoke-on-Trent (United Kingdom); Doetinchem (The Netherlands); and Kaunas (Lithuania). Smartphones were used to collect information on the location and physical activity (overall and NOE) of around 100 residents of each city over seven days. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to determine residential NOE availability (presence/absence of NOE within 300 m buffer from residence), contact with NOE (time spent in NOE), overall PA (total physical activity), NOE PA (total physical activity in NOE). Potential effect modifiers were investigated. Participants spent around 40 min in NOE and 80 min doing overall PA daily, of which 11% was in NOE. Having residential NOE availability was consistently linked with higher NOE contact during weekdays, but not to overall PA. Having residential NOE availability was related to NOE PA, especially for our Barcelona participants, people that lived in a city with low NOE availability.
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Abstract
Both pet ownership and animal-assisted therapy are becoming increasingly popular in the United States, and the science of human-animal interaction (HAI) seeks to explore how these relationships with animals can impact health and well-being. In particular, one burgeoning area of research is the role of HAI in healthy aging, given the potential for HAI as an important feature of health and well-being in older adults. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate existing research in this innovative area of scholarship, identifying the potential benefits and risks of both pet ownership and animals in therapeutic settings for older adults. We will also identify recommendations for future research and applications in this developing area of scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Gee
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, FredoniaNY, United States.,WALTHAM Centre for Pet NutritionLeicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Megan K Mueller
- Tufts Institute for Human-Animal Interaction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North GraftonMA, United States.,Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life at Tufts University, MedfordMA, United States
| | - Angela L Curl
- Family Science and Social Work and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, OxfordOH, United States
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Grant G, Pollard N, Allmark P, Machaczek K, Ramcharan P. The Social Relations of a Health Walk Group: An Ethnographic Study. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:1701-1712. [PMID: 28799476 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317703633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is already well established that regular walks are conducive to health and well-being. This article considers the production of social relations of regular, organized weekly group walks for older people. It is based on an ethnographic study of a Walking for Health group in a rural area of the United Kingdom. Different types of social relations are identified arising from the walk experience. The social relations generated are seen to be shaped by organizational factors that are constitutive of the walks; the resulting culture having implications for the sustainability of the experience. As there appears to be no single uniting theory linking group walk experiences to the production of social relations at this time, the findings are considered against therapeutic landscape, therapeutic mobility, and social capital theorizing. Finally, implications for the continuance of walking schemes for older people and for further research are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Grant
- 1 Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Pollard
- 1 Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Allmark
- 1 Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kasia Machaczek
- 1 Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ramcharan
- 2 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gee NR, Mueller MK, Curl AL. Human-Animal Interaction and Older Adults: An Overview. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1416. [PMID: 28878713 PMCID: PMC5573436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pet ownership and animal-assisted therapy are becoming increasingly popular in the United States, and the science of human–animal interaction (HAI) seeks to explore how these relationships with animals can impact health and well-being. In particular, one burgeoning area of research is the role of HAI in healthy aging, given the potential for HAI as an important feature of health and well-being in older adults. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate existing research in this innovative area of scholarship, identifying the potential benefits and risks of both pet ownership and animals in therapeutic settings for older adults. We will also identify recommendations for future research and applications in this developing area of scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Gee
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, FredoniaNY, United States.,WALTHAM Centre for Pet NutritionLeicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Megan K Mueller
- Tufts Institute for Human-Animal Interaction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North GraftonMA, United States.,Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life at Tufts University, MedfordMA, United States
| | - Angela L Curl
- Family Science and Social Work and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, OxfordOH, United States
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Wu YT, Luben R, Jones A. Dog ownership supports the maintenance of physical activity during poor weather in older English adults: cross-sectional results from the EPIC Norfolk cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:jech-2017-208987. [PMID: 28739839 PMCID: PMC5561362 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-208987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog ownership has been suggested to encourage physical activity in older adults and may enhance resilience to poor environmental conditions. This study investigates the role of dog ownership and walking as a means of supporting the maintenance of physical activity in older adults during periods of inclement weather. METHODS The analysis used data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Norfolk cohort. Daily physical activity (counts per minute) and minutes of sedentary behaviour were measured using accelerometers over 7 days. Three types of environmental conditions, day length, precipitation and maximum temperature, were date matched with daily physical activity. A multilevel first-order autoregressive time-series model quantified the moderating effect of self-reported dog ownership and walking on the association between physical activity and weather factors. RESULTS Among the 3123 participants, 18% reported having a dog in their households and two-thirds of dog owners walked their dogs at least once a day. Regular dog walkers were more active and less sedentary on days with the poorest conditions than non-dog owners were on the days with the best conditions. In days with the worst conditions, those who walked their dogs had 20% higher activity levels than non-dog owners and spent 30 min/day less sedentary. CONCLUSION Those who walked dogs were consistently more physically active than those who did not regardless of environmental conditions. These large differences suggest that dog walking, where appropriate, can be a component of interventions to support physical activity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Wu
- Department of Population Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy Jones
- Department of Population Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Torske MO, Krokstad S, Stamatakis E, Bauman A. Dog ownership and all-cause mortality in a population cohort in Norway: The HUNT study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179832. [PMID: 28662069 PMCID: PMC5491039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There has been increased interest in human-animal interactions and their possible effects on human health. Some of this research has focused on human physical activity levels, mediated through increased dog walking. Much of the reported research has been cross sectional, and very few epidemiological studies have examined the association between dog ownership and mortality in populations. Methods We used data from the Norwegian county population-based Nord-Trøndelag HUNT Study (HUNT2, 1995–1997). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to analyse the relationship between dog ownership and all-cause mortality. The median follow-up time was 18.5 years and the maximum follow-up time was 19.7 years. Results In this population, dog owners were no more physically active than non-dog owners, both groups reporting a total of just over 3 hours/week of light and vigorous activity. Dog owners (n = 25,031, with 1,587 deaths during follow-up; 504,017 person-years of time at risk) had virtually the same hazard of dying as non-dog owners (Hazard ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.91–1.09). Conclusions We found no evidence for an association between the presence of a dog in the household and all-cause mortality or physical activity levels in this Norwegian population. Further epidemiological research is needed to clarify this relationship, as methodological limitations and an active Norwegian population sample means that generalizable evidence is not yet clear on dog ownership and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnhild Oust Torske
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Hall SS, MacMichael J, Turner A, Mills DS. A survey of the impact of owning a service dog on quality of life for individuals with physical and hearing disability: a pilot study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:59. [PMID: 28356121 PMCID: PMC5372266 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality of life refers to a person’s experienced standard of health, comfort and happiness and is typically measured using subjective self-report scales. Despite increasing scientific interest in the value of dogs to human health and the growing demand for trained service dogs, to date no research has reported how service dogs may affect client perceptions of quality of life. Method We compared quality of life scores on the 16 item Flanagan quality of life scale from individuals who owned a trained service dog with those who were eligible to receive a dog, but did not yet have one (waiting list control). Data were analysed separately from two groups; those with a service dog trained for individuals with physical disabilities (with physical service dog: n = 72; waiting for a service dog: n = 24; recruited from Dogs for Good database) and those with a hearing service dog (with hearing service dog = 111; waiting for a service dog = 30; recruited from Hearing Dogs for Deaf People database). Results When controlling for age and gender individuals scored higher on total quality of life scores if they owned a service dog or a hearing service dog, but this was only statistically significant for those with a service dog. Both groups (physical service dog and hearing service dog) scored significantly higher on items relating to health, working, learning and independence if they owned a service dog, in comparison to those on the waiting list. Those with a physical service dog also scored significantly higher on items relating to recreational activities (including items relating to reading/listening to music, socialising, creative expression), and those involving social interactions (including items relating to participating in organisations, socialising, relationship with relatives). Additionally, those with a physical service dog scored higher on understanding yourself and material comforts than those on the waiting list control. In contrast, those with a hearing service dog appeared to receive fewer benefits on items relating to social activities. Conclusions Owning a service dog can bring significant specific and potentially general benefits to the quality of life of individuals with physical disabilities and hearing impairments. These benefits may have considerable implications for individuals with disabilities, society and the economy by promoting independence, learning and working abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S Hall
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Lincoln, UK.
| | | | - Amy Turner
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Lincoln, UK
| | - Daniel S Mills
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Lincoln, UK
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Rock MJ. Who or what is ‘the public’ in critical public health? Reflections on posthumanism and anthropological engagements with One Health. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2017.1288287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Rock
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Neighbourhood greenspace is associated with a slower decline in physical activity in older adults: A prospective cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:683-691. [PMID: 28018960 PMCID: PMC5165047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining physical activity in later life is important for maintaining health and function. Activity outdoors, such as walking, jogging and cycling, may provide an accessible, sociable and practical solution, but maintaining outdoor mobility may be a challenge in later life. Providing green environments which are supportive of physical activity may facilitate this, yet research into how greenspace could be best used is inconclusive. This study evaluates the role of greenspace in protecting against decline in physical activity over time in older adults. Data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk, UK, cohort 1993-2009 (N=15,672) was used. Linear regression modelling was used to examine the association between exposure to greenspace in the home neighbourhood and change in overall, recreational and outdoor physical activity measured in terms of metabolic equivalent cost (MET) in hours/week. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess if dog walking explained the relationship between greenspace and physical activity change. Models were adjusted for known and hypothesised confounders. People living in greener neighbourhoods experienced less of a decline in physical activity than those living in less green areas. Comparing change for those living in the greenest versus least green quartiles, participants showed a difference in overall physical activity of 4.21 MET hours/week (trend P=0.001), adjusted for baseline physical activity, age, sex, BMI, social class and marital status. This difference was 4.03 MET hours/week for recreational physical activity (trend P<0.001) and 1.28 MET hours/week for outdoor physical activity (trend P=0.007). Dog walking partially mediated the association between greenspace and physical activity change, by 22.6% for overall, 28.1% for recreational and 50.0% for outdoor physical activity (all P<0.001). Greenspace in the home neighbourhood may be protective against decline in physical activity among older people as they age. Dog walking is a potential mechanism in this relationship, and warrants further investigation as a way of maintaining physical activity in later life.
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McCormack GR, Graham TM, Christian H, Toohey AM, Rock MJ. Supportive neighbourhood built characteristics and dog-walking in Canadian adults. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2016; 107:e245-e250. [PMID: 27763838 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study objectives were to: 1) estimate differences in perceptions of the neighbourhood built environment among non-dog-owners, owners who walk their dogs (dog-walkers) and owners who do not walk their dogs (non-dog-walkers), and 2) estimate associations between perceptions of the neighbourhood built environment and dog-walking frequency. METHOD A random cross-section of Calgary adults completed telephone interviews during August-October 2007 (n = 2,199, response rate = 33.6%) or January-April 2008 (n = 2,223, response rate = 36.7%). Telephone interviews and a follow-up questionnaire captured physical activity, health and sociodemographic characteristics, dog-ownership, and perceived built environment characteristics. Using ANOVA, we compared the perceived built environment among non-dog-owners, non-dog-walkers and dog-walkers. For dog-owners only, logistic regression estimated associations (odds ratios: OR) between dog-walking participation and perceived built environment. Among dog-walkers, logistic regression estimated associations between dog-walking ≥4 times/week and perceived built environment. Furthermore, among dog-walkers, linear regression estimated associations (unstandardized β) between dog-walking frequency and perceived built environment. RESULTS Compared with dog-walkers, non-dog-owners reported more positive perceptions of neighbourhood street connectivity, pedestrian infrastructure, and walkability (p < 0.05). Among dog-walkers, aesthetics was positively associated (p < 0.05) with the likelihood of walking the dog ≥4 times in a usual week (covariate-adjusted-OR = 1.67) and dog-walking frequency (covariate-adjusted-β = 0.15). Among dog-walkers, walkability was also positively associated (p < 0.05) with dog-walking ≥4 times in a usual week (covariate-adjusted-OR = 1.03) and dog-walking frequency (covariate-adjusted-β = 0.05). CONCLUSION Perceptions of the neighbourhood built environment appear to differ between non-dog-owners and dog-owners. While built environment improvements may not encourage owners to initiate dog-walking, creating attractive and walkable neighbourhoods may support regular dog-walking among owners already walking their dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.
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Christian H, Wood L, Nathan A, Kawachi I, Houghton S, Martin K, McCune S. The association between dog walking, physical activity and owner's perceptions of safety: cross-sectional evidence from the US and Australia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1010. [PMID: 27658384 PMCID: PMC5034524 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the relationship between dog walking and physical activity within and between four US cities and Australia and investigated if dog walking is associated with higher perceived safety in US and Australian cities. METHODS Dog owners (n = 1113) in the Pet Connections Study completed a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected across four study sites; three in the US (San Diego, Nashville, Portland) and a fourth in Australia (Perth). Physical activity, local walking, dog walking, and individual and community perceptions of safety were analysed for dog walkers and non-dog walkers for each study site. Between-city comparisons were examined for dog walkers. RESULTS Across all study sites, dog walkers walked with their dog 5-6 times/week for a total of 93-109 min/week and achieved ≥30mins of physical activity on more days/week and walked in their neighbourhood more often/week, compared with non-dog walkers (all p ≤ 0.01). Compared with Perth, significantly fewer dog walkers walked in their local park in the three US study sites. San Diego dog walkers walked more often in their neighborhood/week compared with Perth dog walkers (all p ≤ 0.05). In Portland, dog walkers perceived significantly more neighborhood problems and in Nashville dog walkers perceived a significantly higher level of neighborhood natural surveillance (i.e., 'eyes on the street'), compared with non-dog walkers (both p ≤ 0.05). Among dog walkers, females were more likely than males to feel safer walking with their dog in their neighborhood (OR = 2.49; 95 % CI = 1.76, 3.53). Compared with dog walkers in Perth, dog walkers from each of the US study sites felt safer in their neighborhood and perceived there was more neighborhood surveillance (all p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION This multi-site international study provides further support for the potential for dog walking to increase levels of daily physical activity. Walking with a dog may be a mechanism for increasing perceptions of neighborhood safety and getting to know the neighborhood, however significant between-country differences exist. Further international research is required to understand the drivers for these between-country differences. Community based programs and policies aimed at improving safety and social connectedness should consider the wider community benefits of dog walking and include strategies for supporting more dog walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christian
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, WA 6008 Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Institute for Health & Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building 7th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Stephen Houghton
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Related Disorders, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Karen Martin
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Sandra McCune
- Waltham® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT UK
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Corseuil Giehl MW, Hallal PC, Brownson RC, d'Orsi E. Exploring Associations Between Perceived Measures of the Environment and Walking Among Brazilian Older Adults. J Aging Health 2016; 29:45-67. [PMID: 26754197 DOI: 10.1177/0898264315624904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between perceived environment features and walking in older adults. METHOD A cross-sectional population-based study was performed in Florianopolis, Brazil, including 1,705 older adults (60+ years). Walking was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and perceived environment was assessed through the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. We conducted a multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between perceived environment and walking. RESULTS The presence of sidewalks was related to both walking for transportation and for leisure. Existence of crosswalks in the neighborhood, safety during the day, presence of street lighting, recreational facilities, and having dog were significant predictors of walking for transportation. Safety during the day and social support were significantly associated with walking for leisure. DISCUSSION The perceived environment may affect walking for specific purposes among older adults. Investments in the environment may increase physical activity levels of older adults in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- 2 Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Eleonora d'Orsi
- 1 Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Rock MJ, Degeling C, Graham TM, Toohey AM, Rault D, McCormack GR. Public engagement and community participation in governing urban parks: a case study in changing and implementing a policy addressing off-leash dogs. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2016.1177635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Engelberg JK, Carlson JA, Conway TL, Cain KL, Saelens BE, Glanz K, Frank LD, Sallis JF. Dog walking among adolescents: Correlates and contribution to physical activity. Prev Med 2016; 82:65-72. [PMID: 26601644 PMCID: PMC4853172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association of dog walking with adolescents' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and body mass index (BMI), and identify correlates of dog walking. METHODS/DESIGN Participants were 12-17year-olds (n=925) from the Baltimore, MD and Seattle, WA regions. Differences in accelerometer-assessed minutes/day of MVPA and self-reported BMI (percentile) were compared among adolescents (1) without a dog (n=441) and those with a dog who (2) did (≥1days/week, n=300) or (3) did not (n=184) walk it. Correlates of (1) dog walking (any vs. none) among adolescents with dogs (n=484), and (2) days/week of dog walking among dog walkers (n=300) were investigated. Potential correlates included: demographic, psychosocial, home environment, perceived neighborhood environment, and objective neighborhood environment factors. RESULTS 52% of adolescents lived in a household with a dog, and 62% of those reported dog walking ≥1day/week. Dog walkers had 4-5 more minutes/day of MVPA than non-dog-walkers and non-dog-owners. BMI was not associated with dog walking or ownership. Among households with dogs, adolescents who lived in objectively walkable neighborhoods were 12% more likely to walk their dog than those in less walkable neighborhoods. Among dog walkers, having a multi-family home, college-educated parent, lower perceived traffic safety, higher street connectivity and less mixed use were related to more days/week of dog walking. CONCLUSIONS Dog walkers had 7-8% more minutes/day of MVPA than non-dog walkers, and correlates of dog walking were found at multiple levels of influence. Results suggest multilevel interventions that include both environmental and psychosocial components to increase dog walking should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa K Engelberg
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 5th Ave Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| | - Jordan A Carlson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, 610 E. 22nd St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Terry L Conway
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 5th Ave Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 5th Ave Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 Eighth Avenue, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 801 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, #433-6333 Memorial Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.
| | - James F Sallis
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 5th Ave Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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