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Rehman S, Addas A, Rahman MA, Shahiman MA, Li Z. Sequential mediation analysis of physical activity, healthy diet, BMI, and academic burnout in the Pakistani educational landscape. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7737. [PMID: 38565564 PMCID: PMC10987614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has indicated a negative impact of physical activity on academic burnout among students, however, there is a paucity of evidence about the underlying mechanism of this association in Pakistani students. The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between physical activity and academic burnout by investigating the potential mediating effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body mass index (BMI). A sample of 596 students using a cross-sectional survey design was gathered from two public universities (Riphah International University and Mohammed Ali Jinnah University) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June to July 2022. The study participants were asked to fill out the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Learning Burnout Scale, and the Test of Adherence to MD questionnaires. The study employed descriptive, bivariate, and path analysis through regression utilizing the SPSS software version 27. The findings demonstrated a negative correlation between academic burnout and BMI, physical activity, and adherence to the MD. The relationship between physical activity and academic burnout was mediated by BMI. Physical activity and academic burnout were inversely correlated, with adherence to the MD and BMI interacting as sequential mediators. The outcomes of this research have expanded our knowledge of the association between physical activity and academic burnout and have suggested crucial and appropriate strategies for addressing student academic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Abdullah Addas
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Landscape Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80210, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Accounting, Data Analytics, Economics and Finance, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ali Shahiman
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zexuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Xiaohelaiti X, Liu X, Li C, Wang T, Wu J, Peng B, Zhang Y. Neighborhood environment and body mass index in community-dwelling older adults in China: The mediating role of transport-related physical activity. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 55:304-310. [PMID: 38128437 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether the associations of neighborhood environment and body mass index (BMI) of community-dwelling older adults aged 70 and above were mediated by transport-related physical activity (TRPA). METHODS A bootstrap method was employed to test the mediation model with multisource data from Chongqing, China. RESULTS Neighborhood walkability (effect: 0.030, 95% CI [0.001-0.160]) and shopping facility accessibility (effect: 0.002, 95 % CI [0.001 - 0.101]) exhibited positive effects on BMI indirectly through decreasing TRPA duration. Negative indirect effects of sports facility accessibility (effect: -0.004, 95 % CI [-0.112 - -0.003]) and transit accessibility (effect: -0.044, 95 % CI [-0.074 - -0.002]) on BMI were observed through increasing TRPA duration. Park accessibility showed both direct (effect: -0.242, p < 0.05) and indirect (effect: -0.036, 95 % CI [-0.061 - -0.005]) negative correlations with BMI. CONCLUSION Our findings facilitate neighborhood environment interventions regarding obesity among older adults in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayidan Xiaohelaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bozhezi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Huang WY, Wong SH, Sit CH, Wong MC, Wong SW, Ho RS. Results from the Hong Kong's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:45-51. [PMID: 36408208 PMCID: PMC9649951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective This paper aimed to summarize the findings of the third (2022) Active Healthy Kids Hong Kong Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents and evaluate the secular trends of physical activity related indicators. Methods Five behavioral indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behavior), three outcome indicators (Physical Fitness, Sleep, and Obesity) and four sources of influence indicators (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government) were assigned a letter grade (ranging from A+ to F or incomplete) based on the best available evidence following a harmonized approach developed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. Data sources included published journal articles, government reports, manual searches, and personal contacts; and consisted of both pre-COVID-19 and after-COVID-19 evidence. Results Grades for Overall Physical Activity (D-∗∗) and Sedentary Behavior (D) deteriorated compared to the 2018 Report Card. The other three behavioral indicators, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, and Active Transportation, were assigned B-, D, and B+, respectively. Physical Fitness (D), Sleep (C-), and Obesity (D-) obtained the same grades as in the 2018 Report Card. School (B) and Government (C+) grades slightly improved, while Community and Environment grade (B) was stable. Family and Peers was not graded due to insufficient evidence. Conclusions Despite slight improvements in influence indicators, physical activity and sedentary behavior have changed unfavorably for children and adolescents in Hong Kong. Strategic investments are needed to improve adoption and implementation of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Y. Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen H.S. Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy H.P. Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin C.S. Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Robin S.T. Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xiao Y, Chen S, Miao S, Yu Y. Exploring the Mediating Effect of Physical Activities on Built Environment and Obesity for Elderly People: Evidence From Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:853292. [PMID: 35359789 PMCID: PMC8961803 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.853292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still a scarcity of literature on the specific mechanisms of the linkage between the built environment and obesity. As a result, this study investigated whether and how physical activities mediate the associations between the objective built environment and the BMI of elderly people. To investigate the effect of the duration and intensity of physical activity on the effect of the built environment, the study made use of the bootstrap method. In general, we discovered that physical activity duration has a huge mediating effect on the elderly people in Shanghai, especially with respect to the density and accessibility of facilities (gyms, parks, fast-food restaurants) that can greatly stimulate physical activity in elderly people to reduce their BMI. There were both direct and indirect effects on their BMI, which means that the health benefits of green spaces for older people may be more complicated than first thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning and Design, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Miao
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Liu J, Yang L, Xiao L, Tao Z. Perceived Neighborhood Environment Impacts on Health Behavior, Multi-Dimensional Health, and Life Satisfaction. Front Public Health 2022; 10:850923. [PMID: 35359780 PMCID: PMC8964045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.850923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of perceived neighborhood environment on adults' health and life satisfaction have drawn increasing academic attention. However, previous studies usually examine multi-dimensional (physical, mental, and perceived) health and life satisfaction separately, and few studies dealt with them simultaneously. Moreover, limited research revealed the mechanisms behind the effects of perceived neighborhood environment on health and life satisfaction, as well as how such effects are moderated by socio-demographics. Therefore, employing the 2016 China Family Panel Study Dataset and using structural equation modeling, this study delves into the complicated relationships among perceived neighborhood environment, health behavior, health outcomes (i.e., body mass index, self-rated health status, and depression), and life satisfaction. Notably, it considers mediation and moderation simultaneously. It finds: (1) Better perceived neighborhood environment significantly promotes physical activity and reduces sedentary behavior, smoking, and drinking; (2) Health behavior fully mediates the effects of perceived neighborhood environment on health; (3) Perceived neighborhood environment significantly affects life satisfaction both directly and indirectly (through health behavior and health outcomes); (4) Socio-demographics moderate the above relationships. This study disentangles the complicated impacts of perceived neighborhood environment on adults' multi-dimensional health and life satisfaction, thus providing policy makers and practitioners with nuanced knowledge for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Liu
- Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linchuan Yang
- Department of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longzhu Xiao
- Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuolin Tao
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Li H, Luo W, Hou Y, Xia Y, Yao J, Kang N, Deng C, Sun H, Chen C. Factors Affecting Perceived Health Benefits and Use Behaviors in Urban Green Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern China Megacities. Front Public Health 2021; 9:759444. [PMID: 34778190 PMCID: PMC8581461 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.759444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has alienated people from urban green spaces (UGSs) that have various health outcomes for humans. However, little is known about the influential factors of perceived health benefits and use behaviors in UGSs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the key factors that influence perceived health benefits and use behaviors in UGSs and to assess the mediating role of place attachment in relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese megacities. Methods: We conducted an online questionnaire survey from December 2020 to March 2021 in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China. Six multiple regression models were constructed to investigate the main factors by which UGSs influence citizens' perceived health benefits and use behaviors. Four mediation models were established using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to explore the mediating effect of place attachment. Results: A total of 628 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The results revealed that some UGS components (green space access, maintenance, and soundscape) significantly affected perceived health benefits for citizens (physical, mental, and social health) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, use behaviors (frequency of visits, duration of visits, and activity intensity) were mainly affected by the sociodemographic context but less affected by UGS components. In addition, UGS components were found to significantly predict place attachment, which in turn influenced the perceived health benefits, frequency, and duration of visits. Conclusions: This study distinguished the key factors that affect perceived health benefits and use behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: green space access, maintenance, soundscape, and sociodemographic characteristics. Place attachment still needs to be considered when discussing how to encourage citizens to visit UGSs during the pandemic. These findings provide implications for policymakers and landscape planners regarding design and management measures for UGSs that are conducive to coping with pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijing Luo
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Hou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Congshuang Deng
- Guangzhou Sun & Partners Incorporation Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Guangzhou Sun & Partners Incorporation Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongxian Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Dun Q, Duan Y, Fu M, Meng H, Xu W, Yu T, Debra D, Tu N, Li X, Ma L, Du Y, Chen L, Liu X, Zhou X, Qin M, Shen L, Wu N, Zou Y. Built environment, physical activity, and obesity of adults in Pingshan District, Shenzhen City in Southern China. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:15-22. [PMID: 33563083 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1886324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between neighbourhood built environment and obesity has been described as both nuanced and complex. AIM The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the built environment, physical activity, and obesity in a rapidly urbanised area of China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic variables, physical activity levels and BMI status. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neighbourhood environment, the likelihood of engaging in different types of physical activity, and BMI. RESULTS A total of 842 respondents completed the questionnaires and were included (84.1% response rate). Among them, 56.4% reported meeting high physical activity levels, while 40.7% were overweight or obese. Multivariable regression analysis showed that better road conditions (β = 0.122, t = 2.999, p = 0.003) and access to physical activity facilities (β = 0.121, t = 3.193, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with higher levels of physical activity. Physical activity levels were inversely associated with the likelihood of being overweight (OR = 0.565, 95%CI: 0.3 4 9-0.917) or obese (OR = 0.614, 95%CI: 0.3 9 0-0.966). CONCLUSION The built environment has an important impact on physical activity. However, the direct impact of leisure physical activity on BMI is not significant. This research provides a summary of recent evidence in Pingshan District on built environments that are most favourable for physical activity and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dun
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Duan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhen Fu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Pingshan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdao Meng
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wanglin Xu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dobbs Debra
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naidan Tu
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ma
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Du
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longwei Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Qin
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengjian Wu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Pingshan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Zou
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Tapia Serrano MA, Vaquero-Solís M, Cerro-Herrero D, Sánchez-Miguel PA. Relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes. PENSAMIENTO PSICOLÓGICO 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javerianacali.ppsi18-2.rimc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) percibido y la actividad física (AF) en adolescentes. Método. Participaron 605 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 15 años. Se valoraron las variables percibidas para el peso, la altura y el nivel de AF mediante un cuestionario autoinformado. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el IMC percibido y el nivel de AF. El análisis de regresión mostró que el IMC percibido sirve para predecir el nivel de AF. El análisis de la covarianza demostró la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad frente a los normopeso. Conclusión. Se ha demostrado que los adolescentes que realizan menos AF tienen una mayor probabilidad de sufrir sobrepeso y obesidad.
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Zhou Y, Buck C, Maier W, von Lengerke T, Walter U, Dreier M. Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2694. [PMID: 32295200 PMCID: PMC7215411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, built environmental characteristics have been linked to childhood overweight, but the results remain inconsistent across studies. The present study examines associations between several built environmental features and body weight status (BMI) z-score among a large sample of preschool children in the city of Hannover, Germany. Walkability (Index), green space availability, and playground availability related to preschool children's home environments were measured using data from OpenStreetMap (OSM). These built environment characteristics were linked to the data from the 2010-2014 school entry examinations in the Hannover city (n = 22,678), and analysed using multilevel linear regression models to examine associations between the built environment features and the BMI z-score of these children (4-8 years old). No significant associations of built environmental factors on children's BMI were detected, but the effect between green space availability and BMI was modified by the parental educational level. In children with lower compared to higher educated parents, a higher spatial availability of greenspace was significantly associated with reduced body weight. Future research should continue to monitor the disparities in diverse built environment features and how these are related to children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhou
- Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (U.W.); (M.D.)
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas von Lengerke
- Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ulla Walter
- Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (U.W.); (M.D.)
| | - Maren Dreier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (U.W.); (M.D.)
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Akpınar A. Green Exercise: How Are Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces Associated with Adolescents' Physical Activity and Health? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4281. [PMID: 31689997 PMCID: PMC6862485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates associations between characteristics of urban green spaces (UGSs) and adolescents' self-reported green exercise (GE), general health, and body mass index (BMI). Data were collected through face-to-face personal interviews with 384 adolescents ages 13-19 between 1 March and 31 May, 2018 in UGSs in Aydın, Turkey. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine associations controlling for confounding factors. Stratified analyses were also conducted to determine differences between boys and girls. Positive associations with the duration of GE included many trees, lawns, soccer fields and basketball courts, play equipment, and self-reported general health. Whereas increased BMI was associated with increased benches/ seating, lawns and exercise trails were positively associated with self-reported general health. Negative relationships with increased BMI included many trees, open areas, and outdoor fitness equipment. Increased distance from UGSs was negatively associated with the frequency of GE. In stratified analyses, positive associations between boys' duration of GE and self-reported general health were found. Whereas soccer fields and basketball courts were associated with girls' frequency of GE, exercise trails and play equipment were correlated with girls' self-reported general health. Negative associations with the boys' frequency of GE included increased BMI and screen time. Whereas increased distance from UGSs was negatively associated with girls' frequency of GE, many trees, lawns, exercise trails, play equipment, open areas, flowerbeds, and outdoor fitness equipment were negatively correlated with girls' increased BMI. Findings suggest that adolescents' GE and health could be promoted with many trees, lawns, flowerbeds, open areas, play and outdoor fitness equipment, exercise trails, and soccer fields and basketball courts. Findings of this study should be tested with longitudinal or intervention studies in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Akpınar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09100, Turkey.
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