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Lim KH, Teh CH, Pan S, Ling MY, Yusoff MFM, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chong KH, Lim HL. Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among adults in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:01. [PMID: 31516402 PMCID: PMC6659615 DOI: 10.18332/tid/82190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The continuous monitoring of smoking prevalence and its associated factors is an integral part of anti-smoking programmes and valuable for the evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-smoking measures and policies. This study aimed at determining prevalence of smoking and identifying socio-demographic factors associated with smoking among adults in Malaysia aged 15 years and over. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 21 445 adults in Malaysia, aged 15 years and over, selected via a stratified, two-stage proportionate-to-size sampling method. Data were obtained from face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using a standard validated questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine socio-demographic factors associated with smoking among Malaysians. RESULTS The overall prevalence of smoking was 22.8% (95% CI: 21.9-23.8%), with males having a significantly higher prevalence compared to females (43.0%, 95% CI: 41.1-44.6 vs 1.4%, 95% CI: 1.1-1.7). The highest smoking prevalence was observed among other ethnicities (35.7%), those aged 25-44 years (59.3%), and low educational attainment (25.2%). Males, those with lower educational attainment and Malays were significantly associated with smoking. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of smoking among Malaysians, aged 15 years and over, remains high despite the implementation of several anti-smoking measures over the past decades. Specially tailored anti-smoking policies or measures, particularly targeting males, the Malays, younger adults and those with lower educational attainment, are greatly warranted to reduce the prevalence of smoking in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang H. Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chien H. Teh
- Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sayan Pan
- Institute of Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Miaw Yn Ling
- Institute of Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chee C. Kee
- Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuang K. Lim
- Institute of Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar H. Chong
- Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Hui L. Lim
- Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
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Gaikwad R, Bhowate R, Bajad P, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar S, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Potential Predictor of Tobacco Cessation among Factory Workers: A Baseline Data of Worksite Tobacco Cessation Programs in the Central Part of India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:1071-1077. [PMID: 29109324 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco use among factory workers and identify the predicting factors for quitting tobacco use. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 640 factory workers were included and divided into the quitter group and who had never quit the tobacco habit in the past. Data were collected by standardized and validated questionnaire pro forma, which comprised the demographic profile, smoking history, and Fagerstrom scale to check the nicotine dependence. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Chi-squares test, whereas logistic regression was used to predict the factor for quitting the tobacco habit. All tests were applied using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. RESULTS The mean age among the quitters was comparatively low than the never-quit group. Out of 640 participants, the majority of quitters and those who never quit were found to consume smokeless tobacco (232 [93.5]; 288 [73.5]). As per logistic regression analysis, gender of participants, age of starting tobacco use, and frequency of tobacco use can be considered as good predictors to quit smoking/chewing tobacco. CONCLUSION The present study found that participants in the quitter group were less dependent on tobacco, and these participants were more likely to quit smoking if behavioral support was provided at the early days of the quitting attempt. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study's result provides valuable insight into the current tobacco usage and potential predicting factors for quitting tobacco use among factory workers in India. These data can help in developing a policy for the implementation of tobacco cessation programs at the worksite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gaikwad
- Department of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +9545455848, e-mail:
| | - Rahul Bhowate
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payal Bajad
- Department of Health and Medical Education, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Lim KH, Jasvindar K, Cheong SM, Ho BK, Lim HL, Teh CH, Lau KJ, Suthahar A, Ambigga D. Prevalence of smoking and its associated factors with smoking among elderly smokers in Malaysia: findings from a nationwide population-based study. Tob Induc Dis 2016; 14:8. [PMID: 27006650 PMCID: PMC4802631 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of smoking prevalence and its associated factors among the elderly could provide evidence-based findings to guide the planning and implementation of policy in order to will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality of smoking-related diseases, thus increase their quality of life. This paper describes the rate of smoking and identifies the factor(s) associated with smoking among the elderly in Malaysia. METHODS A representative sample of 2674 respondents was obtained via a two-stage sampling method in proportion to population size. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a set of standardized validated questionnaire. Data was weighted by taking into consideration the complex sampling design and non-response rate prior to data analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the factor/s associated with smoking. RESULTS The prevalence of non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers among Malaysians aged 60 years and above were 36.3 % (95 % CI = 32.7-39.8), 24.4 % (95 % CI = 21.2-27.5) and 11.9 % (95 % CI = 9.5-14.3), respectively. Current smokers were significantly more prevalent in men (28.1 %) than in women (2.9 %), but the prevalence declined with advancing age, higher educational attainment, and among respondents with known diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Multivariable analysis revealed that males (aOR, 18.6, 95 % CI 10.9-31.9) and other Bumiputras (aOR 2.58, 95 % CI 1.29-5.15) were more likely to smoke. in addition, elderly with lower educational attainment (aOR, 1.70, 95 % CI 1.24-7.41) and those without/unknown hypertension also reported higher likelihood to be current smokers (aOR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.35-2.83). However, there were no significant associations between respondents with no/unknown diabetes or hypercholesterolemia with smoking. CONCLUSIONS In short, smoking is common among elderly men in Malaysia. Therefore, intervention programs should integrate the present findings to reduce the smoking rate and increase the smoking cessation rate among the elderly in Malaysia and subsequently to reduce the burden of smoking-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Jasvindar
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S M Cheong
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B K Ho
- Klang Health Department, Bandar Botanic Clinic, 41200 Klang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - H L Lim
- Melaka Manipal Medical College, Jalan Pengkalan Batu, Bukit Baru, 75150 Melaka Malaysia
| | - C H Teh
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K J Lau
- School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kuang Kerian, 15000 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - A Suthahar
- Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi Mara, Sg Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D Ambigga
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, University of Defence, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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He Q, Yang L, Shi S, Gao J, Tao M, Zhang K, Gao C, Yang L, Li K, Shi J, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Du B, Jiang G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Liang W, Sun J, Hu J, Liu T, Wang X, Miao G, Meng H, Li Y, Hu C, Li Y, Huang G, Li G, Ha B, Deng H, Mei Q, Zhong H, Gao S, Sang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Yu F, Yang D, Liu T, Chen Y, Hong X, Wu W, Chen G, Cai M, Song Y, Pan J, Dong J, Pan R, Zhang W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Gu D, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Kendler KS, Wang X, Li Y, Flint J. Smoking and major depressive disorder in Chinese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106287. [PMID: 25180682 PMCID: PMC4152240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the risk factors that contribute to smoking in female patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the clinical features in depressed smokers. Methods We examined the smoking status and clinical features in 6120 Han Chinese women with MDD (DSM-IV) between 30 and 60 years of age across China. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between clinical features of MDD and smoking status and between risk factors for MDD and smoking status. Results Among the recurrent MDD patients there were 216(3.6%) current smokers, 117 (2.0%) former smokers and 333(5.6%) lifetime smokers. Lifetime smokers had a slightly more severe illness, characterized by more episodes, longer duration, more comorbid illness (panic and phobias), with more DSM-IV A criteria and reported more symptoms of fatigue and suicidal ideation or attempts than never smokers. Some known risk factors for MDD were also differentially represented among smokers compared to non-smokers. Smokers reported more stressful life events, were more likely to report childhood sexual abuse, had higher levels of neuroticism and an increased rate of familial MDD. Only neuroticism was significantly related to nicotine dependence. Conclusions Although depressed women smokers experience more severe illness, smoking rates remain low in MDD patients. Family history of MDD and environmental factors contribute to lifetime smoking in Chinese women, consistent with the hypothesis that the association of smoking and depression may be caused by common underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shenxun Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingfang Gao
- Chinese Traditional Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tao
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chengge Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Kan Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, New Qujiang District, Xian, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Deshengmen wai, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lanfen Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- No. 4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Miao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital), Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Dalian No. 7 Hospital, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Gongying Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Dai Zhuang, Bei Jiao, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Baowei Ha
- Liaocheng No. 4 Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qiyi Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yutang Zhang
- No. 2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Yu
- Harbin No. 1 Special Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Donglin Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, North Dai Zhuang, Rencheng District, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- No. 2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yunchun Chen
- Xijing Hospital of No. 4 Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Tongji University Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guibing Chen
- Huaian No. 3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Min Cai
- Huzhou No. 3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yan Song
- Mudanjiang Psychiatric Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Xinglong, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- No. 1 Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Runde Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Daqing No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Ranghulu district, Daqing, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Shen
- Tangshan No. 5 Hospital, Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhengrong Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Lishan District, Anshan, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Danhua Gu
- Weihai Mental Health Center, ETDZ, Weihai, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Hedong District, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Richard Doll Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xumei Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (YL); (JF)
| | - Youhui Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (YL); (JF)
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (XW); (YL); (JF)
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Savant SC, Hegde-Shetiya S, Agarwal D, Shirhatti R, Shetty D. Effectiveness of individual and group counseling for cessation of tobacco habit amongst industrial workers in pimpri, pune--an interventional study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:1133-9. [PMID: 23621201 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, tobacco consumption is responsible for one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world, the annual oral cancer incidence is steadily increasing among young tobacco users. Studies have documented efforts taken by physicians, doctors and even dentists, in the form of individual or group counseling to curb tobacco use in smoke or smokeless form. However, which one is more effective, still remains an unanswered question. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of individual and group counseling for cessation of the tobacco habit amongst industrial workers in Pune and to compare quit rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS An interventional study design was selected for 150 industrial workers which were stratified randomly into three groups (control, individual and group counseling groups) and interventions were provided to individual and group counseling groups over a period of six months, which were then compared with the control group that received brief intervention at the start of the study. RESULTS There was significant difference in the quit rates of the participants in the individual counseling group (ICG) and group counseling group (GCG) when compared at 6 months with the control counseling group (CCG). In the individual counseling group was 6% while in group counseling group it was 7.5% after six months of counseling. CONCLUSIONS No conclusion could be drawn whether individual or group counseling were better interms of quit rates. Individual and group counseling groups were definitely better than the control group when compared at 3 and 6 months, respectively.
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Baggett TP, Lebrun-Harris LA, Rigotti NA. Homelessness, cigarette smoking and desire to quit: results from a US national study. Addiction 2013; 108:2009-18. [PMID: 23834157 PMCID: PMC3797258 DOI: 10.1111/add.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We determined whether or not homelessness is associated with cigarette smoking independent of other socio-economic measures and behavioral health factors, and whether homeless smokers differ from non-homeless smokers in their desire to quit. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed data from 2678 adult respondents to the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of homeless and non-homeless individuals using US federally funded community health centers. MEASUREMENTS We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between homelessness and (i) current cigarette smoking among all adults, and (ii) past-year desire to quit among current smokers, adjusting for demographic, socio-economic and behavioral health characteristics. FINDINGS Adults with any history of homelessness were more likely than never homeless respondents to be current smokers (57 versus 27%, P < 0.001). In multivariable models, a history of homelessness was associated independently with current smoking [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49-2.93], even after adjusting for age, sex, race, veteran status, insurance, education, employment, income, mental illness and alcohol and drug abuse. Housing status was not associated significantly with past-year desire to stop smoking in unadjusted (P = 0.26) or adjusted (P = 0.60) analyses; 84% of currently homeless, 89% of formerly homeless and 82% of never homeless smokers reported wanting to quit. CONCLUSIONS Among patients of US health centers, a history of homelessness doubles the odds of being a current smoker independent of other socio-economic factors and behavioral health conditions. However, homeless smokers do not differ from non-homeless smokers in their desire to quit and should be offered effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis P. Baggett
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA
| | - Lydie A. Lebrun-Harris
- Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Rockville, MD
| | - Nancy A. Rigotti
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Lim HK, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, Teh HC, Yusoff AFM, Kaur G, Zain ZM, Mohamad MHN, Salleh S. Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males: prevalence and associated factors. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:8. [PMID: 23294728 PMCID: PMC3549287 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMSs) had been conducted in Malaysia in 10-year intervals from 1986-2006. Based on the latest NHMS survey in 2006, we describe the prevalence of smoking and identify the social and demographic factors associated with smoking among adult males in Malaysia. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 15,639 Malaysian adult males aged 18 years and above was conducted using proportional to size stratified sampling method. The socio-demographic variables examined were level of education, occupation, marital status, residential area, age group and monthly household income. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking among adult males in Malaysia was 46.5% (95% CI: 45.5-47.4%), which was 3% lower than a decade ago. Mean age of smoking initiation was 18.3 years, and mean number of cigarettes smoked daily was 11.3. Prevalence of smoking was highest among the Malays (55.9%) and those aged 21-30 years (59.3%). Smoking was significantly associated with level of education (no education OR 2.09 95% CI (1.67-2.60), primary school OR 1.95, 95% CI (1.65-2.30), secondary school OR 1.88, 95% CI (1.63-2.11), with tertiary education as the reference group). Marital status (divorce OR 1.67, 95% CI (1.22-2.28), with married as the reference group), ethnicity (Malay, OR 2.29, 95% CI ( 1.98-2.66; Chinese OR 1.23 95% CI (1.05-1.91), Other Bumis OR 1.75, 95% CI (1.46-2.10, others OR 1.48 95% CI (1.15-1.91), with Indian as the reference group), age group (18-20 years OR 2.36, 95% CI (1.90-2.94); 20-29 years OR 3.31 , 95% CI 2.82-3.89; 31-40 years OR 2.85 , 95% CI ( 2.47-3.28); 41-50 years OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.69-2.20) ; 51-60 years OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.15-1.51), with 60 year-old and above as the reference group) and residential area (rural OR 1.12 , 95% CI ( 1.03-1.22)) urban as reference. CONCLUSION The prevalence of smoking among Malaysian males remained high in spite of several population interventions over the past decade. Tobacco will likely remain a primary cause of premature mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. Continuous and more comprehensive anti-smoking policy measures are needed in order to further prevent the increasing prevalence of smoking among Malaysian men, particularly those who are younger, of Malay ethnicity, less educated, reside in rural residential area and with lower socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Kuang Lim
- Proposal Development Section, Institute of Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumarni Mohd Ghazali
- Epidemiology and Biostatistic unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheong Chee Kee
- Epidemiology and Biostatistic unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuay Kuang Lim
- Proposal Development Section, Institute of Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying Ying Chan
- Proposal Development Section, Institute of Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Huey Chien Teh
- Proposal Development Section, Institute of Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faudzi Mohd Yusoff
- Epidemiology and Biostatistic unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Proposal Development Section, Institute of Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zarihah Mohd Zain
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sallehuddin Salleh
- Health Division, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Jalan Raja Laut, 50350, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Savoia E, Testa MA, Viswanath K. Predictors of knowledge of H1N1 infection and transmission in the U.S. population. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:328. [PMID: 22554124 PMCID: PMC3436710 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strength of a society's response to a public health emergency depends partly on meeting the needs of all segments of the population, especially those who are most vulnerable and subject to greatest adversity. Since the early stages of the H1N1 pandemic, public communication of H1N1 information has been recognized as a challenging issue. Public communication is considered a critical public health task to mitigating adverse population health outcomes before, during, and after public health emergencies. To investigate knowledge and knowledge gaps in the general population regarding the H1N1 pandemic, and to identify the social determinants associated with those gaps, we conducted a survey in March 2010 using a representative random sample of U.S. households. METHODS Data were gathered from 1,569 respondents (66.3% response rate) and analyzed using ordered logistic regression to study the impact of socioeconomic factors and demographic characteristics on the individual's knowledge concerning H1N1 infection and transmission. RESULTS Results suggest that level of education and home ownership, reliable indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP), were associated with knowledge of H1N1. Level of education was found to be directly associated with level of knowledge about virus transmission [OR = 1.35, 95% C.I. 1.12-1.63]. Home ownership versus renting was also positively associated with knowledge on the signs and symptoms of H1N1 infection in particular [OR = 2.89, 95% C.I. 1.26-6.66]. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers and public health practitioners should take specific SEP factors into consideration when implementing educational and preventive interventions promoting the health and preparedness of the population, and when designing communication campaigns during a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Savoia
- Department of Biostatistics and Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Jang SY, Kim JH, Lim MK, Kim HJ, Jee SH, NamKoong K, Cho WH, Park EC, Lee SG. Relationship Between BMI, Body image, and Smoking in Korean Women as Determined by Urine Cotinine: Results of a Nationwide Survey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1003-10. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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