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Schutte N, Bogaert P, Saso M, Van Oyen H. Population health information research infrastructure-from data to public health actions. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:i1-i2. [PMID: 38946442 PMCID: PMC11215318 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Schutte
- EU Health Information System Unit, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Petronille Bogaert
- EU Health Information System Unit, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Miriam Saso
- EU Health Information System Unit, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Oyen
- EU Health Information System Unit, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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Golchin M, Di Marco M, Horwood PF, Paini DR, Hoskins AJ, Hickson R. Prediction of viral spillover risk based on the mass action principle. One Health 2024; 18:100737. [PMID: 38694617 PMCID: PMC11061335 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious zoonotic disease emergence, through spillover events, is of global concern and has the potential to cause significant harm to society, as recently demonstrated by COVID-19. More than 70% of the 400 infectious diseases that emerged in the past five decades have a zoonotic origin, including all recent pandemics. There have been several approaches used to predict the risk of spillover through some of the known or suspected infectious disease emergence drivers, largely using correlative approaches. Here, we predict the spatial distribution of spillover risk by approximating general transmission through animal and human interactions. These mass action interactions are approximated through the multiplication of the spatial distribution of zoonotic virus diversity and human population density. Although our results indicate higher risk in regions along the equator and in Southeast Asia where both virus diversity and human population density are high, it should be noted that this is primarily a conceptual exercise. We compared our spillover risk map to key factors, including the model inputs of zoonotic virus diversity estimate map, human population density map, and the spatial distribution of species richness. Despite the limitations of this approach, this viral spillover map is a step towards developing a more comprehensive spillover risk prediction system to inform global monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golchin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Dean R. Paini
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Hoskins
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - R.I. Hickson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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3
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Blankart CR, De Gani SM, Crimlisk H, Desmedt M, Bauer B, Doyle G. Health literacy, governance and systems leadership contribute to the implementation of the One Health approach: a virtuous circle. Health Policy 2024; 143:105042. [PMID: 38518391 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
One Health is an important approach to addressing health threats and promoting health through interdisciplinary health, policy, legislation and leadership research to achieve better human and animal health and better outcomes for the planet. The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered an urgent awareness of the need to develop innovative integrative solutions to address root causes of such threats to health, which requires collaboration across disciplines and amongst different sectors and communities. We explore how achieving the Quadripartite Organizations' One Health Joint Plan of Action can be supported by the concepts of 'One Health literacy' and 'One Health governance' and promote both academic and policy dialogue. We show how One Health literacy and One Health governance influence and reinforce each other, while an interdisciplinary systems leadership approach acts as a catalyst and mechanism for understanding and enacting change. Based on our understanding of how these elements influence the implementation of the One Health approach, we describe a model for considering how external triggering events such as the Covid-19 pandemic may prompt a virtuous circle whereby exposure to and exploration of One Health issues may lead to improved One Health literacy and to better governance. We close with recommendations to international organisations, national governments and to leaders in policy, research and practice to enhance their influence on society, the planetary environment, health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rudolf Blankart
- KPM Center for Public Management, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine (sitem-insel), Freiburgstr. 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Saskia Maria De Gani
- Careum Center for Health Literacy, Careum Foundation, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Careum School of Health, Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Crimlisk
- Sheffield Health and Social Care NHS Foundation Trust, Centre Court, Atlas Way, Sheffield S47QQ, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S102RX, United Kingdom; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot St, London E18BB, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Desmedt
- Swiss Nurse Leaders, Haus der Akademien, Laupenstrasse 7, P.O. Box, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Bauer
- Data Saves Lives Germany, c/o european digital health academy gGmbH, Mohnblumenweg 1, 93326 Abensberg, Germany
| | - Gerardine Doyle
- UCD College of Business, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Stephen C, Walzer C. The continuum of care as a unifying framework for intergenerational and interspecies health equity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236569. [PMID: 37860805 PMCID: PMC10582321 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unlocking the full potential of different people and organizations to address existential health threats requires shared goals and frameworks that allow people to see themselves contributing to a common and shared continuum of care. A new narrative to help people implement collective action for collective problems is needed. Methods This paper is draw from the co-authors experience working from the local to international level on planetary health problems. Results The proposed conceptual framework expands the socioecological model of health to help formulate multilevel approaches that foster healthier circumstances for all by revealing the mutual benefits that emerge from pooling expertise, funding, and political will to solve multiple problems with coordinated investment of resources and effort. It is intended to support program planning and communication. This framework is a response to the absence of systematic attempts to concurrently counteract the social and environmental conditions leading to disease, dysfunction and deficits which is increasingly seen as being problematic, especially as the root causes of health problems and solutions converge across species, sectors, and generations. The framework is embedded in the idea of interspecies and intergenerational health equity. Discussion Ensuring interspecies and intergenerational health equity requires each actor to fulfill their roles along the continuum while supporting the needs of others. A socio-ecological continuum of care provides bundled options that combine knowledge from different sectors, disciplines and perspectives to guide interventions over time across a comprehensive array of services and support spanning all levels of needs, species and generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, United States
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Arroyo-Laguna J. Resilient health systems for already resilient countries? Pandemic discourses in the post-COVID-19 era. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:2993-3002. [PMID: 37878940 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232810.10182023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reconstruct and analyze the discourses of the pandemic in the post-COVID-19 era. The methodology was based on a critical review of the scientific literature on the pandemic, selecting 80 non-biomedical, clinical, or pharmacological articles published in journals indexed in Scopus or Web of Science from a sample of the 500 most cited scientific articles on the pandemic in Google Scholar. The theoretical approach was based on the debates on predictability, unpredictability, determination, and indeterminacy in the health and social sciences. As a result, six theses on the pandemic were identified and analyzed: a) the thesis of the unpredictability of pandemics; b) the thesis of pandemic denial; c) the thesis of the pandemic as a failure in predictability systems; d) the thesis of the prevention of catastrophic events with timely interventions; e) the thesis of the structural postponement of predictive care by non-developed countries; and f) the environmentalist-health thesis, of foreseeing a critical phase for the planet and humanity. We concluded on the limits of resilience as the center in preparing Latin American health systems in the post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Arroyo-Laguna
- Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima Peru.
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Wouters OJ, Forman R, Anderson M, Mossialos E, McKee M. The launch of the EU Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA): Improving global pandemic preparedness? Health Policy 2023; 133:104844. [PMID: 37269803 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The crowded global health landscape has been joined by the European Union Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA). HERA will assume four broad areas of responsibility: horizon scanning for major health threats; research and development; support for capacity to manufacture drugs, vaccines, and equipment; and procuring and stockpiling key medical countermeasures. In this Health Reform Monitor article, we outline the reform process and describe HERA's structure and responsibilities, explore issues that arise from the creation of this new organisation, and suggest options for collaboration with existing bodies in Europe and beyond. The COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious disease outbreaks have shown the need to treat health as a cross-border issue, and there is now a broad consensus that greater direction and coordination at the European level is needed. This ambition has been matched with a considerable increase in EU funding to tackle cross-border health threats, and HERA can be used to deploy this funding in an effective manner. Yet this is contingent upon clearly defining its role and responsibilities vis-à-vis existing agencies to reduce redundancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier J Wouters
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca Forman
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Anderson
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Mossialos
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Divergent COVID-19 vaccine policies: policy mapping of ten European countries. Vaccine 2023; 41:2804-2810. [PMID: 36967287 PMCID: PMC10030332 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragmented nature of governmental policy decisions in Europe. However, the extent to which COVID-19 vaccination policies differed in various European countries remains unclear. Here, we mapped the COVID-19 vaccination policies that were in force in January 2022 as well as booster regulations as of April 2022 in Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. Methods National public health and health policy experts from these ten European nations developed and completed an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire included a series of questions that addressed six critical components of vaccine implementation, including (1) authorization, (2) prioritization, (3) procurement and distribution, (4) data collection, (5) administration, and (6) mandate requirements. Results Our findings revealed significant variations in COVID-19 vaccination policies across Europe. We observed critical differences in COVID-19 vaccine formulations that were authorized for use as well as the specific groups that were provided with priority access. We also identified discrepancies in how vaccination-related data were recorded in each country and what vaccination requirements were implemented. Conclusion Each of the ten European nations surveyed in this study reported different COVID-19 vaccination policies. These differences complicated efforts to provide a coordinated pandemic response. These findings might alert policymakers in Europe of the need to coordinate their efforts to avoid fostering divergent and socially disruptive policies.
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Kluge H, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Figueras J, McKee M. Trust and transformation: an agenda for creating resilient and sustainable health systems. BMJ 2023; 380:651. [PMID: 36940935 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josep Figueras
- European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Eurostation
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Paschoalotto MAC, Lazzari EA, Rocha R, Massuda A, Castro MC. Health systems resilience: is it time to revisit resilience after COVID-19? Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115716. [PMID: 36702027 PMCID: PMC9851720 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The concept of health system resilience has been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic. Even well-established health systems, considered resilient, collapsed during the pandemic. To revisit the concept of resilience two years and a half after the initial impact of COVID-19, we conducted a qualitative study with 26 international experts in health systems to explore their views on concepts, stages, analytical frameworks, and implementation from a comparative perspective of high- and low-and-middle-income countries (HICs and LMICs). The interview guide was informed by a comprehensive literature review, and all interviewees had practice and academic expertise in some of the largest health systems in the world. Results show that the pandemic did modify experts' views on various aspects of health system resilience, which we summarize and propose as refinements to the current understanding of health systems resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto
- David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, USA; Sao Paulo School of Business Administration, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Alves Lazzari
- David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, USA; Sao Paulo School of Business Administration, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil
| | - Rudi Rocha
- Sao Paulo School of Business Administration, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil
| | - Adriano Massuda
- Sao Paulo School of Business Administration, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Castro
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA
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Kuhlmann E, Lotta G, Fernandez M, Herten-Crabb A, Mac Fehr L, Maple JL, Paina L, Wenham C, Willis K. SDG5 "Gender Equality" and the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment of health system responses in selected upper-middle and high-income countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1078008. [PMID: 36817917 PMCID: PMC9935821 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1078008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare and societies, exacerbating existing inequalities for women and girls across every sphere. Our study explores health system responses to gender equality goals during the COVID-19 pandemic and inclusion in future policies. Methods We apply a qualitative comparative approach, drawing on secondary sources and expert information; the data was collected from March-July 2022. Australia, Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the USA were selected, reflecting upper-middle and high-income countries with established public health and gender policies but different types of healthcare systems and epidemiological and geo-political conditions. Three sub-goals of SDG5 were analyzed: maternity care/reproductive health, gender-based violence, and gender equality/women's leadership. Results We found similar trends across countries. Pandemic policies strongly cut into women's health, constrained prevention and support services, and weakened reproductive rights, while essential maternity care services were kept open. Intersecting gender inequalities were reinforced, sexual violence increased and women's leadership was weak. All healthcare systems failed to protect women's health and essential public health targets. Yet there were relevant differences in the responses to increased violence and reproductive rights, ranging from some support measures in Australia to an abortion ban in the US. Conclusions Our study highlights a need for revising pandemic policies through a feminist lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kuhlmann
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriela Lotta
- Department of Public Administration, Getulio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Metropolitan Studies, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Fernandez
- Institute of Political Science, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Asha Herten-Crabb
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Mac Fehr
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaimie-Lee Maple
- College of Health and Biomedicine, University of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ligia Paina
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clare Wenham
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Willis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, University of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Quentin W, Achstetter K, Barros PP, Blankart CR, Fattore G, Jeurissen P, Kwon S, Laba T, Or Z, Papanicolas I, Polin K, Shuftan N, Sutherland J, Vogt V, Vrangbaek K, Wendt C. Health Policy - the best evidence for better policies. Health Policy 2023; 127:1-4. [PMID: 36669897 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilm Quentin
- Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Belgium, Brussels
| | - Katharina Achstetter
- Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carl Rudolf Blankart
- KPM Center for Public Management, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine (sitem-insel), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Fattore
- Department of Social and Political Sciences and CERGAS SDA, Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Soonman Kwon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea (the Republic of)
| | | | - Zeynep Or
- Institute for Research and Information in Health Economics, IRDES, Paris, France
| | - Irene Papanicolas
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katherine Polin
- Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Belgium, Brussels
| | - Nathan Shuftan
- Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Belgium, Brussels
| | - Jason Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Verena Vogt
- Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Vrangbaek
- Section of Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Syunyakov TS, Zakharov AV, Gayduk AJ, Ignatenko JS, Kuvshinova NY, Pavlichenko AV, Spikina AA, Fedotov IA, Yashikhina AA, Gonda X, Desousa A, Fountoulakis KN, Smirnova DA. [Changes in sleep patterns and the doom-scrolling (doom-surfing) phenomenon as modifiable risk factors for anxiety due to continuous stress of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:88-96. [PMID: 37966445 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312310188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the modifiable daily behavior patterns associated with increased anxiety indicators in the general population in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study examined the characteristics of the Russian population (n=7777) of the international multicenter project COMET-G. In particular, variables were targeted to describe deviations in the behavior of adults during the period of application of measures of social isolation in connection with the pandemic, and revealing a relationship with the total score on the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale (STAI-S). Among these variables, experts selected those that could potentially be subject to change in the short term, that is, act as manageable or modifiable risk factors for the development of anxiety. The selected variables were analyzed in a statistical PLS-model to identify indicators that make the most significant contribution to the increase in the total anxiety score. RESULTS Our statistical model explained 48.4% of the variability in the STAI-S anxiety total scores related to changes in daily life habits. In particular, doom-scrolling/doom-surfing about the spread of the virus and the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns and usual daily life activities due to social isolation measures presented as factors significantly contributing to the increase of state anxiety. CONCLUSION Given the manageable or modifiable risk factors that we have identified, public awareness and therapeutic recommendations, pointing to the need to (I) control the amount of time spent in the internet and monitor their internet-based content consumption, (II) regulate sleep-wake patterns, (III) maintain daily habits and household activities, may reduce the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders in the context of the impact of a global chronic stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social isolation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Syunyakov
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Centre of Narcology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - A J Gayduk
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - J S Ignatenko
- Alexeev Mental Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A V Pavlichenko
- Alexeev Mental Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Spikina
- Saint-Petersburg Psychoneurological Dispensary No. 2, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - I A Fedotov
- Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | | | - X Gonda
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Desousa
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India
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Khunti K, Aroda VR, Aschner P, Chan JCN, Del Prato S, Hambling CE, Harris S, Lamptey R, McKee M, Tandon N, Valabhji J, Seidu S. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes services: planning for a global recovery. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:890-900. [PMID: 36356612 PMCID: PMC9640202 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected certain groups, such as older people (ie, >65 years), minority ethnic populations, and people with specific chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and some respiratory diseases. There is now evidence of not only direct but also indirect adverse effects of COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Recurrent lockdowns and public health measures throughout the pandemic have restricted access to routine diabetes care, limiting new diagnoses, and affecting self-management, routine follow-ups, and access to medications, as well as affecting lifestyle behaviours and emotional wellbeing globally. Pre-pandemic studies have shown that short-term delays in delivery of routine care, even by 12 months, are associated with adverse effects on risk factor control and worse microvascular, macrovascular, and mortality outcomes in people with diabetes. Disruptions within the short-to-medium term due to natural disasters also result in worse diabetes outcomes. However, the true magnitude of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term outcomes and mortality in people with diabetes is still unclear. Disasters tend to exacerbate existing health disparities; as we recover ambulatory diabetes services in the aftermath of the pandemic, there is an opportunity to prioritise those with the greatest need, and to target resources and interventions aimed at improving outcomes and reducing inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK.
| | | | - Pablo Aschner
- Asociación Colombiana de Diabetes, Bogotá, Colombia; Oficina de Investigaciones, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Diabetology Divisions, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stewart Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta Lamptey
- Department of Family Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jonathan Valabhji
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; NHS England, London, UK; NHS Improvement, London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samuel Seidu
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK
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Fàbrega-Ferrer M, Herrera-Morandé A, Muriel-Goñi S, Pérez-Saavedra J, Bueno P, Castro V, Garaigorta U, Gastaminza P, Coll M. Structure and inhibition of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases by oral antiviral compound AG7404. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105458. [PMID: 36336176 PMCID: PMC9632241 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2) pose a threat to global public health. The 3C-like main protease (Mpro), which presents structural similarity with the active site domain of enterovirus 3C protease, is one of the best-characterized drug targets of these viruses. Here we studied the antiviral activity of the orally bioavailable enterovirus protease inhibitor AG7404 against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 from a structural, biochemical, and cellular perspective, comparing it with the related molecule rupintrivir (AG7800). Crystallographic structures of AG7404 in complex with SARS-CoV-1 Mpro and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and of rupintrivir in complex with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were solved, revealing that all protein residues interacting with the inhibitors are conserved between the two proteins. A detailed analysis of protein-inhibitor interactions indicates that AG7404 has a better fit to the active site of the target protease than rupintrivir. This observation was further confirmed by biochemical FRET assays showing IC50 values of 47 μM and 101 μM for AG7404 and rupintrivir, respectively, in the case of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Equivalent IC50 values for SARS-CoV-1 also revealed greater inhibitory capacity of AG7404, with a value of 29 μM vs. 66 μM for rupintrivir. Finally, the antiviral activity of the two inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in a human cell culture model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although rupintrivir showed a higher potency and selectivity index in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fàbrega-Ferrer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB-CSIC, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Alejandra Herrera-Morandé
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB-CSIC, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Sara Muriel-Goñi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB-CSIC, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-Saavedra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB-CSIC, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Paula Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Victoria Castro
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Urtzi Garaigorta
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miquel Coll
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB-CSIC, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain,Corresponding author. Institute for Research in Biomedicine IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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McKee M. It was good while it lasted: politics is at the heart of public health but are we willing to engage? J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:i66-i72. [PMID: 35817328 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper, written to mark the 50th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Health, reflects on the challenges to governance in a United Kingdom outside the European Union. Drawing on Virchow's call to address the political determinants of health, it describes a situation in which the current government consistently displays disregard for the institutions of state, and the principles on which they are based, such as honesty and the rule of law. It argues that this is a departure from the past and that it undermines the trust that is essential for effective public health policies that attract public support. It ends with a challenge to the public health establishment in the United Kingdom to decide whether they will challenge the decline in public standards, and thus promote structures that can consider and prioritize health or continue to pick up the pieces of political failings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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16
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van Kessel R, Wong BLH, Forman R, Gabrani J, Mossialos E. The European Health Data Space fails to bridge digital divides. BMJ 2022; 378:e071913. [PMID: 35803600 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin van Kessel
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Gravitate Health User Advisory Group, European Patients' Forum, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brian Li Han Wong
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- The International Digital Health and AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR), Global Health Centre, The Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
- Steering Committee, Digital Health Section, European Public Health Association (EUPHA), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Forman
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Jonila Gabrani
- Gravitate Health User Advisory Group, European Patients' Forum, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elias Mossialos
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Kuhlmann E, Behrens GMN, Cossmann A, Homann S, Happle C, Dopfer-Jablonka A. Healthcare Workers' Perceptions and Medically Approved COVID-19 Infection Risk: Understanding the Mental Health Dimension of the Pandemic. A German Hospital Case Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:898840. [PMID: 35669735 PMCID: PMC9163950 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study analyses how healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived risks, protection and preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to medically approved risks and organizational measures. The aim is to explore “blind spots” of pandemic protection and make mental health needs of HCWs visible. Methods We have chosen an “optimal-case” scenario of a high-income country with a well-resourced hospital sector and low HCW infection rate at the organizational level to explore governance gaps in HCW protection. A German multi-method hospital study at Hannover Medical School served as empirical case; document analysis, expert information and survey data (n = 1,163) were collected as part of a clinical study into SARS-CoV-2 serology testing during the second wave of the pandemic (November 2020-February 2021). Selected survey items included perceptions of risks, protection and preventive measures. Descriptive statistical analysis and regression were undertaken for gender, profession and COVID-19 patient care. Results The results reveal a low risk of 1% medically approved infections among participants, but a much higher mean personal risk estimate of 15%. The majority (68.4%) expressed “some” to “very strong” fear of acquiring infection at the workplace. Individual protective behavior and compliance with protective workplace measures were estimated as very high. Yet only about half of the respondents felt strongly protected by the employer; 12% even perceived “no” or “little” protection. Gender and contact with COVID-19 patients had no significant effect on the estimations of infection risks and protective workplace behavior, but nursing was correlated with higher levels of personal risk estimations and fear of infection. Conclusions A strong mismatch between low medically approved risk and personal risk perceptions of HCWs brings stressors and threats into view, that may be preventable through better information, training/education and risk communication and through investment in mental health and inclusion in pandemic preparedness plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kuhlmann
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Homann
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McKee
- Department of Health Systems Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Adrianna Murphy
- Department of Health Systems Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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19
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Ha T, Pham TTM, Kim M, Kim YH, Park JH, Seo JH, Kim KM, Ha E. Antiviral Activities of High Energy E-Beam Induced Copper Nanoparticles against H1N1 Influenza Virus. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020268. [PMID: 35055284 PMCID: PMC8779327 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 in the year of 2020 that drastically changed everyone's life has raised the urgent and intense need for the development of more efficacious antiviral material. This study was designed to develop copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) as an antiviral agent and to validate the antiviral activities of developed copper NP. The Cu NPs were synthesized using a high energy electron beam, and the characteristic morphologies and antiviral activities of Cu NPs were evaluated. We found that Cu NPs are of spherical shape and uniformly distributed, with a diameter of around 100 nm, as opposed to the irregular shape of commercially available copper microparticles (Cu MPs). An X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of Cu and no copper oxide II and I in the Cu NPs. A virus inactivation assay revealed no visible viral DNA after 10- and 30-min treatment of H1N1 virus with the Cu NPs. The infectivity of the Cu NPs-treated H1N1 virus significantly decreased compared with that of the Cu MPs-treated H1N1 virus. The viability of A549 bronchial and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells infected with Cu NPs-treated H1N1 was significantly higher than those infected with Cu MPs-treated H1N1 virus. We also found cells infected with Cu NPs-treated H1N1 virus exhibited a markedly decreased presence of virus nucleoprotein (NuP), an influenza virus-specific structural protein, compared with cells infected with Cu MPs-treated H1N1 virus. Taken together, our study shows that Cu NPs are a more effective and efficacious antiviral agent compared with Cu MPs and offer promising opportunities for the prevention of devastatingly infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesung Ha
- Department of Nano Chemical Materials Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- Seoul Radiology Services Co., Seoul 02050, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Thi Tuyet Mai Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Korea; (T.T.M.P.); (M.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Korea; (T.T.M.P.); (M.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Seoul Radiology Services Co., Seoul 02050, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Seoul Radiology Services Co., Seoul 02050, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Korea; (T.T.M.P.); (M.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Nano Chemical Materials Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-M.K.); (E.H.)
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Korea; (T.T.M.P.); (M.K.); (J.H.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.-M.K.); (E.H.)
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