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Maghraby YR, Labib RM, Sobeh M, Farag MA. Gingerols and shogaols: A multi-faceted review of their extraction, formulation, and analysis in drugs and biofluids to maximize their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100947. [PMID: 38144766 PMCID: PMC10739842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingerols represent the main bioactive compounds in ginger drugs mostly Zinigiber officinale (F. Zingebraceae) and account for the biological activities and the strong/pungent flavor in ginger. Ginger (Z. officinale) rhizome is one of the most valued herbal drugs for ailments' treatment in many ayurvedic medicine asides from its culinary applications as a spice. Gingerols and their dehydrated products shogaols are phenolic phytochemicals found in members of the Zingiberaceae family and account for most of their effects including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. This review entails most of the novel trends related to the extraction, optimization, and formulations of gingerols and shogaols to insure best recoveries and efficacies from their natural resources. Further, it presents a comprehensive overview of the different analytical approaches for the determination of gingerols/shogaols' levels in nutraceuticals to ensure highest quality and for their detection in body fluids for proof of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin R. Maghraby
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rola M. Labib
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Wang J, Wu Q, Ou C, Lu G, Yu H. Research on Xiaoyao Powder in the treatment of depression based on epigenetics and quality markers. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1223451. [PMID: 37694120 PMCID: PMC10483571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1223451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has become one of the most common public health issues around the world, and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. A large amount of clinical investigations have proven that the treatment of depression is difficult. The prognosis is poor, and the fatality rate is high. At present, western medicine is the preferred treatment for depression, but it often causes adverse clinical reactions such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and memory loss, etc. The herbal compound Xiaoyao Powder is a traditional medicine for soothing the liver and relieving depression, strengthening the spleen, and nourishing the blood. It can reduce adverse reactions. It is effective in treating depression. In this study, we elucidate the function of Xiaoyao Powder in anti-depression from the perspective of clinical application and pharmacological mechanisms such as regulating epigenetic and chemical quality markers to provide empirical and experimental theoretical results that contribute to developing future depression therapy with Xiaoyao Powder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guangying Lu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huayun Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Faddladdeen KAJ. The possible protective and therapeutic effects of ginger and cinnamon on the testis and coda epididymis of streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats: Histological and biochemical studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103452. [PMID: 36164289 PMCID: PMC9508606 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels with serious system complications. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) have anti-diabetic activities. The goal of this study is to evaluate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of ginger and Cinnamon against histological, Ki67 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and biochemical studies in testis and coda epididymis of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The experimental rats were divided into six groups: G1 was the control, G2 induced diabetic without treatment, G3 was treated with ginger before induction of DM (ginger protective), G4 were given ginger after DM induction (ginger therapeutic), G5 were given cinnamon before induction of DM (cinnamon protective) and G6 were given cinnamon after DM induction (cinnamon therapeutic). In diabetic rats' significant increases in fasting blood sugar and body weight were observed after three weeks. Ginger and cinnamon effectively decreased serum glucose levels. Histopathological evaluations of seminiferous tubules and coda epididymis sections from diabetic rats showed severe damage to them. Furthermore, the sections of seminiferous tubules and coda epididymis rats administered ginger and cinnamon extract showed normal structure, healthy lining epithelium and sperm contents compared to diabetic rats. The results of the study show that both Ginger and Cinnamon aqueous extracts are effective as both hypoglycemic natural supplements that can protect against diabetic-induced testicular damage as well as share in the reservation of the cauda epididymal structure and sperm contents.
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Poliński S, Topka P, Tańska M, Kowalska S, Czaplicki S, Szydłowska-Czerniak A. Effect of Grinding Process Parameters and Storage Time on Extraction of Antioxidants from Ginger and Nutmeg. Molecules 2022; 27:7395. [PMID: 36364222 PMCID: PMC9654629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize the grinding process parameters (mesh size of grinder sieve (X1), the peripheral velocity of the grinding wheels (X2)), and the storage time (X3) of ground ginger rhizome and nutmeg to obtain ethanol and ethanol-water extracts with improved antioxidant properties. The optimal conditions were estimated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) in order to maximize the antioxidant capacity (AC) determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, and the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method in spice extracts. Additionally, the phenolic acid profiles in extracts from optimized conditions were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). It was found that the optimal preparation conditions for antioxidant extraction were dependent on the spice source and solvent type. The best antioxidant properties in nutmeg extracts were achieved for X1 = 1.0 mm, X2 = 40-41 Hz and X3 = 7 days, whereas the optimized parameters for ginger extracts were more varied (1.0-2.0 mm, 43-50 Hz and 1-9 days, respectively). The ginger extracts contained 1.5-1.8 times more phenolic acids, and vanillic, ferulic, gallic, and p-OH-benzoic acids were dominant. In contrast, the nutmeg extracts were rich in protocatechuic, vanillic, and ferulic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Poliński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Confectionery Factory “Kopernik” S.A., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Patrycja Topka
- Confectionery Factory “Kopernik” S.A., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Department of Food Plant Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tańska
- Department of Food Plant Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kowalska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sylwester Czaplicki
- Department of Food Plant Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Ivane NMA, Elysé FKR, Haruna SA, Pride N, Richard E, Foncha AC, Dandago MA. The anti-oxidative potential of ginger extract and its constituent on meat protein isolate under induced Fenton oxidation. J Proteomics 2022; 269:104723. [PMID: 36096434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ginger extract has been reported to possess antioxidant properties. However, components isolated from ginger have been rarely reported to inhibit oxidation. Herein, the antioxidant properties of ginger and purified components derived from it (6-gingerol, zingerone, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol) were confirmed by using HPLC and were further used to investigate its effect on lamb meat. Myofibrillar proteins isolated (MPI) from lamb meat were incubated with ginger and its constituents under induced Fenton oxidation (1.0 mmol/L FeCl3, 0.1 mmol/L Asc, and 20 mmol/L H2O2) for 1, 3,5, and 7 h. Incubating meat protein isolate in the absence of ginger extract or its components resulted in a substantial drop in sulfhydryl groups, an increase in protein carbonyl content, and a corresponding increase in TBARS content. However, ginger extract and its constituents demonstrated antioxidant properties, which might be attributed to their hydroxyl groups and suitable solubilizing side chains. Overall, ginger extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capabilities of all treated samples, suggesting that ginger extracts may be used as a natural antioxidant in meat and lipid/protein-containing processed products. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Ginger extract is also frequently used as a herbal medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial qualities. Nonvolatile pungent chemicals found in ginger, such as gingerol, shogaols, paradols, and zingerone, as well as kaempferol, rutin, and other phenolic compounds, have been confirmed in ginger extract and have been shown to have antioxidant action driven by free radical elimination. Despite these findings, ginger extract and its pure constituent components have seldom been shown to have the ability to slow protein and lipid oxidation in meat and meat-related products. The effect of ginger extracts on the oxidative stability of myofibriller protein isolate has never been investigated. Exploiting the phenolic content of ginger extract may result in a discovery that would have a huge influence on both the ginger and meat industries as well as other food processing sectors. The first aim of our study was to confirm the presence of six selected phenolic compounds (rutin, kaempferol, 6-gingerol, zingerone, naringenin, and quercetin) in ginger as reported by literature, and the second objective was to determine the efficacy of ginger extracts and its purified constituents on myofibrillar protein isolate treated under induced Fenton oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngouana Moffo A Ivane
- College of Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, NW Region, Cameroon; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Fopa Kue Roméo Elysé
- College of Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, NW Region, Cameroon.
| | - Suleiman A Haruna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Ngwasiri Pride
- College of Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, NW Region, Cameroon
| | - Ejoh Richard
- College of Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, NW Region, Cameroon
| | - Anuanwen Claris Foncha
- College of Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, NW Region, Cameroon
| | - Munir Abba Dandago
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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El-Malah A, Ibrahim TA, Attia H, Eid BG, Bagher AM, Binmahfouz LS, Sokkar NM. Assessment of commitment to healthy daily habits and diets, preventive measures, and beliefs about natural products utilization during COVID-19 pandemic in certain population in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 20:2700. [PMID: 36733518 PMCID: PMC9851831 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2022.3.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this research is to assess the commitment of participants in Saudi Arabia and Egypt towards healthy daily habits, preventive measures, healthy food habits, and beliefs about natural products as an immunostimulants during COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Saudi Arabia (mainly Riyadh and Jeddah) and Egypt (mainly Cairo). The questionnaire instrument was created based on an extensive literature review on the COVID-19 pandemic, including its spreading and transmission methods, preventive measures, healthy lifestyle, and diets that increase human immunity against viral infections and the use of natural products and drinks. The questionnaire was created by Microsoft 365® office forms, participants were invited through emails and other social media. The questionnaire includes a demographic section (gender, nationality, residency country, city, age, marital status, educational level, employment status, chronic disease history, under anxiety or stress, have a temper or irritable person, were infected/currently infected and in contact to COVID-19 patient) and (23) questions arranged under five domains; Domain I daily habits (4), Domain II keeping preventive measures (4), Domain III healthy eating habits (9), Domain IV for participants currently or previously infected, or in contact with a patient (4) Domain V for assessment of participants' beliefs towards the use of natural products to elevate immunity during COVID-19 pandemic (2), beside 4 choice questions (stimulant drinks, natural drinks, natural products, and zinc-rich food). SPSS® was used to analyze the results using Student' t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD tests. Result 510 individuals with various demographic characteristics participated in the study. This study revealed that the participants belief in healthy foods, natural drinks (mainly ginger, lemon, and cinnamon), natural products (mainly honey, olive oil, and black seed), healthy habits, and preventive measures as sanitizers, social distance, and exercise. Only 13% of all participants were infected with COVID-19, although 31% of them were in contact with COVID -19 patients, about 93% were under stress, and 22% were with chronic diseases. Participants who are married, not in contact with patients and not previously infected by COVID-19 are more adhered to preventive measures while those previously or currently infected are more committed to healthy lifestyle and diet habits. Qualification level seems to make no significant difference in any domain. 78.6% of the participants beliefs in the benefits of utilizing natural products in preventing infection with corona virus or reducing the period of treatment in case of infection. About 95.7% of the infected persons had no need of hospitalization and about 50% are cured within two weeks of infection. The questionnaire revealed that Nescafe and black tea were the most used stimulant drinks among the participants, particularly the students and who were always under stress. Most of the participants agreed with the utilization of Zn-rich food, particularly Egyptians, which may help in boosting their immunity. Conclusion Natural products selected in the present study can be used in combination with the existing clinical standards of care that have the potential to serve as prophylactic agents in populations that are at risk to develop COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Malah
- PhD. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taghreed A Ibrahim
- PhD. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hala Attia
- PhD. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Basma G Eid
- PhD. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amina M Bagher
- PhD. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lenah S Binmahfouz
- PhD. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadia M Sokkar
- PhD. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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7
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Baptista BG, Ribeiro M, Cardozo LF, Leal VDO, Regis B, Mafra D. Nutritional benefits of ginger for patients with non-communicable diseases. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:1-16. [PMID: 35623800 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a famous dietary spice rich in bioactive components like gingerols, and it has been used for a long time as food and medicine. Indeed, clinical studies have confirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of ginger. Thus, ginger seems to be an excellent complementary nutritional strategy for non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. This narrative review aims to discuss the possible effects of ginger on the mitigation of common complications such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis in NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G Baptista
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi-Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila Fmf Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Viviane de O Leal
- Division of Nutrition, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State of Rio de Janeiro University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Regis
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi-Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
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Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content in Cabbage Using Anthraquinone Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7154170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a low-cost, sensitive, and efficient voltammetric method based on anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode was developed for determination of ascorbic acid in cabbage samples. After cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid and to study dependence of oxidative peak current on scan rate and pH, square wave voltammetric method was developed for direct determination of ascorbic acid in cabbage samples. In contrast to the unmodified carbon paste electrode, a remarkable enhancement in oxidative peak current at anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode confirmed electrocatalytic property of the modifier towards oxidation of ascorbic acid. A better correlation coefficient for the dependence of peak current on the square root of scan rate (
) than on the scan rate (
) indicated that the oxidation of ascorbic acid at anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode is predominantly governed by diffusion-controlled process. Square wave amplitude, square wave step potential, and square wave frequency are optimized for the investigation of AA in cabbage. The optimized values are 30 mV, 7 mV, and 35 Hz, respectively. Under the optimized method and solution parameters, an excellent linear response was observed between square wave voltammetric peak current of AQMCPE and concentration of ascorbic acid in the range
to
M with a better correlation coefficient (
) and detection limit (
M). The ascorbic acid content of the three cabbage samples from three different cabbage growing areas was found in the range
–
mg/g of powdered cabbage. Excellent recovery results between 95.042 and 96.139% for spiked ascorbic acid in cabbage samples confirmed the potential applicability of the developed method based on AQMCPE for the determination of ascorbic acid in real samples like cabbage.
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Getaneh A, Guadie A, Tefera M. Levels of heavy metals in ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) from selected districts of Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia and associated health risk. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06924. [PMID: 33997425 PMCID: PMC8102417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn; and their associated health risks through consumption of ginger. After the ginger samples digested with a mixture of HNO3 and HClO4 at 200 °C for 2:00 h, the amount of metals were investigated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Efficiency of the analytical measurement was validated on spiking the sample with standard solutions of metals and the recovery for all studied metals were ranged from 91.60% to 99.94%, which is in the acceptable range of validation. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) were ranged from 4.63 to 5.43 for Cd, 2.17 to 4.44 for Cr, 62.52 to 65.14 for Cu, 77.71 to 81.12 for Fe, 6.49–7.58 for Ni and 16.74–19.31 for Zn. However, the concentration of Pb was not detected. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of all metals from all samples are substantially lower than their corresponding maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). Target hazardous quotient (THQ) values of all metals are lower than 1 in all the sampling sites, revealed that there are no health risks for the users due to the intake of these metals. The health index (HI) values were slightly higher than unity, which implying that there is significant health effects to the population from consuming ginger at the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aschalew Getaneh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Atnafu Guadie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Tefera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Haque MA, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Scampicchio M. Electrochemical Methods to Evaluate the Antioxidant Activity and Capacity of Foods: A Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Azizul Haque
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science (FTNS) Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU) Tangail 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano Italy
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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121309. [PMID: 33371338 PMCID: PMC7767362 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing public concern about hygiene has been driving many studies to investigate antimicrobial and antiviral agents. However, the use of any antimicrobial agents must be limited due to their possible toxic or harmful effects. In recent years, due to previous antibiotics' lesser side effects, the use of herbal materials instead of synthetic or chemical drugs is increasing. Herbal materials are found in medicines. Herbs can be used in the form of plant extracts or as their active components. Furthermore, most of the world's populations used herbal materials due to their strong antimicrobial properties and primary healthcare benefits. For example, herbs are an excellent material to replace nanosilver as an antibiotic and antiviral agent. The use of nanosilver involves an ROS-mediated mechanism that might lead to oxidative stress-related cancer, cytotoxicity, and heart diseases. Oxidative stress further leads to increased ROS production and also delays the cellular processes involved in wound healing. Therefore, existing antibiotic drugs can be replaced with biomaterials such as herbal medicine with high antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. This review paper highlights the antibacterial, antiviral, and radical scavenger (antioxidant) properties of herbal materials. Antimicrobial activity, radical scavenger ability, the potential for antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer agents, and efficacy in eliminating bacteria and viruses and scavenging free radicals in herbal materials are discussed in this review. The presented herbal antimicrobial agents in this review include clove, portulaca, tribulus, eryngium, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, thyme, pennyroyal, mint, fennel, chamomile, burdock, eucalyptus, primrose, lemon balm, mallow, and garlic, which are all summarized.
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Silveira D, Prieto-Garcia JM, Boylan F, Estrada O, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Jamal CM, Magalhães PO, Pereira EO, Tomczyk M, Heinrich M. COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581840. [PMID: 33071794 PMCID: PMC7542597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. AIMS To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for "respiratory diseases" within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. METHOD The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. RESULTS A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient. According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive in 5 cases (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix, and Sambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest. On the same grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the use of paracetamol and/or codeine. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dâmaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Omar Estrada
- Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Edson Oliveira Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Michal Tomczyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Talib WH, AL-ataby IA, Mahmod AI, Jawarneh S, Al Kury LT, AL-Yasari IH. The Impact of Herbal Infusion Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Cancer: The Good, the Bad, the Misunderstood. Molecules 2020; 25:E4207. [PMID: 32937891 PMCID: PMC7570648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is associated with the development of many ailments, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. The causal link between oxidative stress and cancer is well established and antioxidants are suggested as a protective mechanism against cancer development. Recently, an increase in the consumption of antioxidant supplements was observed globally. The main sources of these antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and beverage. Herbal infusions are highly popular beverages consumed daily for different reasons. Studies showed the potent antioxidant effects of plants used in the preparation of some herbal infusions. Such herbal infusions represent an important source of antioxidants and can be used as a dietary protection against cancer. However, uncontrolled consumption of herbal infusions may cause toxicity and reduced antioxidant activity. In this review, eleven widely consumed herbal infusions were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities, anticancer potential and possible toxicity. These herbal infusions are highly popular and consumed as daily drinks in different countries. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for researchers to have better understanding of the use of herbal infusions to reduce oxidative stress and as protective supplements against cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Israa A. AL-ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sajidah Jawarneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE;
| | - Intisar Hadi AL-Yasari
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 00964, Iraq;
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14
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Yang D, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. LC‐ESI‐QTOF/MS characterization of Australian herb and spices (garlic, ginger, and onion) and potential antioxidant activity. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
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15
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Wang LX, Zhao WH, Lu YF, Wang CX. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Distillates Purified by Means of Molecular Distillation from Ginger Extract Obtained with Supercritical CO 2 Fluid. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900357. [PMID: 31573145 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ginger extract obtained with supercritical CO2 fluid was purified by molecular distillation (MD), and the chemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ginger extract and its distillates were investigated. Analysis revealed that the ginger extract was rich in terpene hydrocarbons, along with oxygenated terpenes and other non-volatile compounds. The MD distillates were prepared in a series of stages and the active compounds like terpenes and gingerols could be separated by MD. The major compounds of the distillates purified by MD at 40 °C, 80 Pa and 60 °C, 80 Pa were terpene hydrocarbons. Additional distillates obtained by MD at 80 °C, 80 Pa and 100 °C, 60 Pa were predominated by terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes. Until the operating conditions of MD reached 150 °C and 2 Pa, some non-volatile compounds were concentrated in the final distillate. Moreover, antioxidant activities and the cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cells in final MD distillate were superior to other extracts, and this phenomenon could be mainly supported by the phenols. The MD could be used to prepare ginger distillates with better antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
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