1
|
He Q, Lu S, Wang J, Xu C, Qu W, Nawaz S, Ataya FS, Wu Y, Li K. Lactobacillus salivarius and Berberine Alleviated Yak Calves' Diarrhea via Accommodating Oxidation Resistance, Inflammatory Factors, and Intestinal Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2419. [PMID: 39199953 PMCID: PMC11350718 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Yaks are important food animals in China; however, bacterial diarrheal diseases frequently occur on the plateau, with limited effective therapies. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) and berberine in alleviating diarrhea in yak calves. For this purpose, eighteen healthy yak calves were divided into control (JC), infected (JM), and treatment (JT) groups. Yaks in the JT group were treated with 2 × 1010 CFU/calf L. salivarius and 20 mg/kg berberine, and yaks in the JM and JT groups were induced with multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli. The results showed that the weight growth rate in the JM group was significantly lower than that in the JC and JT groups. The diarrhea score in the JM group was significantly higher than that in both the JC and JT groups. Additionally, the contents of T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, and IL-10 were significantly lower in the JM group than those in the JC and JT groups, while MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly higher in the JM group. Microbiota sequencing identified two phyla and twenty-seven genera as significant among the yak groups. Notably, probiotic genera such as Faecalibaculum and Parvibacter were observed, alongside harmful genera, including Marvinbryantia and Lachnospiraceae UCG-001. Our findings indicate that treatment with L. salivarius and berberine significantly reduced diarrhea incidence, improved growth performance, and positively modulated intestinal microbiota, which could provide novel insights for developing new therapies for ruminant diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weijie Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, No. 452 Feng Yuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, No. 452 Feng Yuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uyama T, Kelton DF, Morrison EI, de Jong E, McCubbin KD, Barkema HW, Dufour S, Fonseca M, McClure JT, Sanchez J, Heider LC, Renaud DL. Associations among antimicrobial use, calf management practices, and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from a pooled fecal sample in calves on Canadian dairy farms: A cross-sectional study. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4961-4972. [PMID: 38331174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine associations between calf management practices, the number of antimicrobial treatments, and antimicrobial resistance in preweaning heifers on Canadian dairy farms. A composite of 5 fecal samples from preweaning calves was collected from 142 dairy farms in 5 provinces and analyzed for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility with the microbroth dilution method. Questionnaires were used to capture herd characteristics and calf management practices used on the farm. Calf treatment records were collected during the farm visits. Escherichia coli was isolated from all 142 fecal samples with the highest resistance to tetracycline (41%), followed by sulfisoxazole (36%), streptomycin (32%), chloramphenicol (28%), ampicillin (16%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15%), ceftriaxone (4.2%), cefoxitin (2.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.1%), ciprofloxacin (2.1%), nalidixic acid (2.1%), azithromycin (1.4%), and gentamicin (1.4%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 37% of E. coli isolates. Three-quarters of farms used fresh colostrum as the most common type of colostrum fed to calves. Colostrum quality was checked on 49% of farms, but the transfer of passive immunity was only checked on 32% of farms in the last 12 mo. Almost 70% of farms used straw or hay or a combination as the bedding material for calves. Among the 142 farms, a complete set of calf records were collected from 71 farms. In a multivariable logistic regression model, farms with ≥1.99 to 32.57 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year were 3.2 times more likely to have multidrug resistant E. coli in calf feces compared farms with <1.99 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year. Farms using hay or straw beddings were 5.1 times less likely to have multidrug resistant E. coli compared with those with other bedding materials including shavings or sawdust. Bedding management practices on farms may need to be investigated to reduce the potential effect on disseminating multidrug resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Uyama
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E I Morrison
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E de Jong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - K D McCubbin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - H W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - S Dufour
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - M Fonseca
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - L C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alawadi ZI, Alsultan A, Alsallami D, Alnomasy SF, Alqasmi M, Almufarriji FM, Alotaibi BS, Mazhari BBZ, Alenazy R. Designing a multiepitope mRNA-based vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immunoinformatics and molecular modeling approach. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1417-1425. [PMID: 39055761 PMCID: PMC11268904 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is one of the serious pathogens causing various infections in the animal field, such as neonatal calf diarrhea, which is responsible for mortality associated with diarrhea during the first days of life. Aim Current work is aimed at designing an effective and safe multiepitope vaccine candidate against E. coli infection in calves based on the fimbrial protein K99 of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Immuno-informatics. Methods A conserved sequence of K99 protein was generated, and then highly antigenic, nonallergic, and overlapped epitopes were used to construct a multiepitope vaccine. Five THL, six MHC II, and four beta cell epitopes were targeted to create the candidate. The candidate vaccine was produced utilizing 15 epitopes and three types of linkers, two types of untranslated region (UTR) human hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), UTR beta-globin (Rabb), and RpfE protein as an immunomodulation adjuvant. Results Immuno-informatics analysis of the constructed protein showed that the protein was antigenic (antigenic score of 0.8841), stable, nonallergen, and soluble. Furthermore, the Immuno-informatics and physiochemical analysis of the constructed protein showed a stable, nonallergic, soluble, hydrophilic, and acidic PI (isoelectric point). of 9.34. Docking of the candidate vaccine with the toll-like receptor TLR3 was performed, and results showed a strong interaction between the immune receptor and the vaccine. Finally, the expression efficiency of the construct in E. coli was estimated via computational cloning of the vaccine sequence into Pet28a. Conclusion Results of immunoinformatics and in silico approaches reveal that the designed vaccine is antigenic, stable, and able to bind to the immune cell receptors. Our results interpret the proposed multiepitope mRNA vaccine as a good preventive option against E. coli infection in calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Isam Alawadi
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al- Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Amjed Alsultan
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al- Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Dhama Alsallami
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Sultan F. Alnomasy
- Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqasmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz M. Almufarriji
- Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S. Alotaibi
- Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naderi Z, Ghanbarpour R, Jajarmi M, Dehdashti S, Bagheri M, Eskandarzade N, Mohseni P, Alizade H. Antibiotic resistance profiling and phylotyping of human-diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes detected from diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves in Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:494. [PMID: 38581525 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) serves as a common indicator of gut microbiota and is utilized for monitoring antimicrobial resistance determinants in food-producing animals. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns in virulence gene-positive E. coli isolates obtained from 340 healthy and diarrheic calves. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 340 fecal swab samples were obtained from diarrheic (n = 170) and healthy (n = 170) calves for 12 months from different farms in Kerman, Iran. The samples were phenotypically analyzed to detect E. coli isolates and antibiotic resistance. Also, antimicrobial resistance genes, diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, and phylogenetic background were screened by PCR. Fifteen percent (51/340) of E. coli isolates were positive for at least one of the examined virulence genes (VGs); the prevalence of VGs in E. coli isolates from healthy calves (36/170; 21.17%) was higher than that in diarrheic cases (15/170; 8.82%). Out of the 51 VG-positive isolates, six pathotypes including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC; 27.45%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 23.52%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; 19.6%), necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC; 19.6%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 15.68%), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC; 1.96%) and three hybrid pathotypes including ETEC/STEC, ETEC/EHEC, and STEC/EIEC were detected among the strains. Antimicrobial resistance (AR) was observed in 98.03% of the VG-positive isolates, which was the same for both healthy and diarrheic calves. The maximum prevalence rate of AR was found against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.01%; 3/51), while the minimum prevalence rate was against gentamycin (5.88%; 25/51). Among the VG-positives, phylotype A was found to be the most prevalent followed by B1 and D phylotypes. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of VG-positive E. coli isolates was higher in healthy calves compared to diarrheic cases. AR was widespread among VG-positive isolates. These findings suggest that calves may serve as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant hybrid pathotypes of E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahede Naderi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehdashti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboube Bagheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Eskandarzade
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mohseni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Custódio DADC, Pereira CR, Gonçalves MS, Costa ACTRB, de Oliveira PFR, da Silva BHP, Carneiro GB, Coura FM, Lage AP, Heinemann MB, da Costa GMÁ, Dorneles EMS. Antimicrobial resistance and public and animal health risks associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from calves. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 107:102149. [PMID: 38442544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and buffalo calves (2008-2013), in Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as the frequency of O157 gene and strains carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. E. coli strains (n=518) were tested for susceptibility against ten antimicrobials. Tetracycline was the antimicrobial with the highest resistance rate (382/518), followed by ampicillin (321/518), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (312/518), chloramphenicol (192/518), gentamicin (126/518), ciprofloxacin (148/518), cefazolin (89/518), colistin (54/518) and cefoxitin (34/518). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 381/518 isolates. No strain harbored mcr or O157 genes, whereas 19/99 were ESBL positive. The most prevalent pathotype and phylogroup were STEC and B1, respectively. Age, EHEC pathotype and resistance to aminoglycoside and cephem were significantly associated with MDR in the multivariate model. Overall, E. coli strains showed high rates of resistance to penicillin, tetracyclines and folate inhibitors, in addition to an alarming rate of MDR and ESBL-producing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dircéia Aparecida da Costa Custódio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Carine Rodrigues Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Maysa Serpa Gonçalves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Felipe Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Henrique Pinto da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Botelho Carneiro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Morcatti Coura
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - Campus Bambuí, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros Km 05, Caixa Postal 05, Bambuí, MG 38900-000, Brazil
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, São Luiz, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Geraldo M Árcio da Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário S/N, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chukiatsiri K, Tippaya K, Ngasaman R. Pharmaceutical activity of sappan wood extract ( Caesalpinia sappan L.) for treating Escherichia coli infection in piglets. Open Vet J 2024; 14:973-979. [PMID: 38808290 PMCID: PMC11128640 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli infection is one of the major diarrheal diseases resulting in the loss of pigs at a young age. Aim This research investigated the antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia sappan wood extract against E. coli infection as an antibiotic replacement. Methods E. coli was cultured from diarrheal piglets and then used to find the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). Caesalpinia sappan wood extract (500 mg/kg) was used for the treatment of diarrheal piglets compared to antibiotics (enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg) by oral administration. Another three groups of diarrheal piglets were used supplemented feed with 1% and 2% extract compared with commercial feed. Subsequently, E. coli enumeration, fecal shape, fecal color, and growth rate were recorded from day 1 to 7. Results Based on the results, C. sappan wood extract could inhibit E. coli growth at a MIC of 16-34 mg/ml. The number of colonies did not significantly differ between C. sappan wood extract and enrofloxacin treatment groups. A supplemented feed with 1% and 2% C. sappan wood extract could improve the fecal shape and fecal score compared to the control group, albeit only in suckling pigs. There were significant differences from the control group on days 4, 5, 6, and 7 (p < 0.05). However, the average daily gain did not significantly differ among the three groups. Conclusion The results indicate that C. sappan wood extract could improve diarrheal signs in suckling pigs and can be used as a replacement for antibiotics for organic pig production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kridda Chukiatsiri
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Kittiphong Tippaya
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ortega-Balleza JL, Guerrero A, Castro-Escarpulli G, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Cruz-Hernández MA, de Luna-Santillana EDJ, Acosta-Cruz E, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V. Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:458. [PMID: 37888586 PMCID: PMC10610597 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health concern. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are the main drivers of this spread by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Escherichia coli is widespread in various environments and serves as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the whole genome of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources. Four E. coli strains previously isolated from human urine (n = 2), retail meat (n = 1), and water from the Rio Grande River (n = 1) collected in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico, were analyzed. E. coli strains were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, followed by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Several ARGs were detected, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCMY-2, qnrB, catB3, sul2, and sul3. Additionally, plasmid replicons (IncFIA, IncFIB, IncFII, IncY, IncR, and Col) and intact prophages were also found. Insertion sequences (ISs) were structurally linked with resistance and virulence genes. Finally, these findings indicate that E. coli strains have a large repertoire of resistance determinants, highlighting a high pathogenic potential and the need to monitor them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Ortega-Balleza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Abraham Guerrero
- CONACyT Program, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mazatlán 82112, Mexico;
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico;
| | - Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - María Antonia Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Erick de Jesús de Luna-Santillana
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Erika Acosta-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo Coahuila 25280, Mexico;
| | - Irám Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Pedro de Alba s/n cruz con Ave. Manuel L. Barragán, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Boulevard del Maestro SN esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (J.L.O.-B.); (A.V.M.-V.); (M.A.C.-H.); (E.d.J.d.L.-S.); (G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patangia DV, Grimaud G, Linehan K, Ross RP, Stanton C. Microbiota and Resistome Analysis of Colostrum and Milk from Dairy Cows Treated with and without Dry Cow Therapies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1315. [PMID: 37627735 PMCID: PMC10451192 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal impact of methods for the drying off of cows with and without dry cow therapy (DCT) on the microbiota and resistome profile in colostrum and milk samples from cows. Three groups of healthy dairy cows (n = 24) with different antibiotic treatments during DCT were studied. Colostrum and milk samples from Month 0 (M0), 2 (M2), 4 (M4) and 6 (M6) were analysed using whole-genome shotgun-sequencing. The microbial diversity from antibiotic-treated groups was different and higher than that of the non-antibiotic group. This difference was more evident in milk compared to colostrum, with increasing diversity seen only in antibiotic-treated groups. The microbiome of antibiotic-treated groups clustered separately from the non-antibiotic group at M2-, M4- and M6 milk samples, showing the effect of antibiotic treatment on between-group (beta) diversity. The non-antibiotic group did not show a high relative abundance of mastitis-causing pathogens during early lactation and was more associated with genera such as Psychrobacter, Serratia, Gordonibacter and Brevibacterium. A high relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was observed in the milk of antibiotic-treated groups with the Cephaguard group showing a significantly high abundance of genes conferring resistance to cephalosporin, aminoglycoside and penam classes. The data support the use of non-antibiotic alternatives for drying off in cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhrati V. Patangia
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (D.V.P.); (R.P.R.)
- Biosciences Building, Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Ghjuvan Grimaud
- Biosciences Building, Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Linehan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (D.V.P.); (R.P.R.)
- Biosciences Building, Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (D.V.P.); (R.P.R.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Biosciences Building, Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mwenifumbo M, Cookson AL, Zhao S, Fayaz A, Browne AS, Benschop J, Burgess SA. The characterisation of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from dairy calves. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37578342 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Dairy calves, particularly pre-weaned calves have been identified as a common source of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli.Gap statement. E. coli strains isolated from dairy calves and the location of their resistance genes (plasmid or chromosomal) have not been well characterised.Aim. To characterise the phenotypic and genotypic features as well as the population structure of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolated from calves located on dairy farms that feed waste-milk to their replacement calves.Methodology. Recto-anal swab enrichments from 40 dairy calves (≤ 14 days old) located on four dairy farms were examined for tetracycline, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli. Whole genome sequencing was performed using both short- and long-read technologies on selected antimicrobial resistant E. coli.Results. Fifty-eight percent (23/40) of calves harboured antimicrobial resistant E. coli: 43 % (17/40) harboured tetracycline resistant, and 23 % (9/40) harboured chromosomal mediated AmpC producing E. coli. Whole genome sequencing of 27 isolates revealed five sequence types, with ST88 being the dominant ST (17/27, 63 % of the sequenced isolates) followed by ST1308 (3/27, 11 %), along with the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages ST69 (3/27, 11 %), ST10 (2/27, 7 %), and ST58 (2/27, 7 %). Additionally, 16 isolates were MDR, harbouring additional resistance genes that were not tested phenotypically. Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing technologies enabled the location of multiple resistant gene cassettes in IncF plasmids to be determined.Conclusion. Our study identified a high incidence of tetracycline and streptomycin-resistant E. coli in dairy calves, and highlighted the presence of multidrug-resistant strains, emphasising the need for further investigation into potential associations with farm management practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merning Mwenifumbo
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Present address: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Food Systems Integrity, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ahmed Fayaz
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Springer Browne
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jackie Benschop
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sara A Burgess
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ben Haj Yahia A, Tayh G, Landolsi S, Maamar E, Galai N, Landoulsi Z, Messadi L. First Report of OXA-48 and IMP Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:150-162. [PMID: 36695709 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human and animal health. Evidence suggests that the overuse of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calf feces and to characterize their resistance genes for antibiotics like beta-lactams and colistin, but also to determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 100 diarrheic calves in the region of Bizerte, Tunisia. After isolation, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Characterization of β-lactamase genes and determination of associated resistance genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. Among 71 E. coli isolates, 26 (36.6%) strains were ESBL-producing. Most of these isolates were multidrug-resistant (92.3%) and the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26), blaSHV (n = 11), and blaTEM (n = 8), whereas only 1 isolate carried the blaCMY gene. In addition, resistance to carbapenems was detected in two isolates; one of them harbored both blaOXA-48 and blaIMP genes and the other isolate carried only the blaIMP gene. Several resistance genes were identified for the first time in Tunisia from cases of diarrheic calves. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes and virulence genes from calves in North Africa. A high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli recovered from fecal samples of calves with diarrhea was observed, highlighting the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria for both animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ben Haj Yahia
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sarrah Landolsi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Nejia Galai
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Zbaida Landoulsi
- Office des Terres Domaniales, Agrocombinat Ghezala, Mateur, Tunisie
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lopez-Cantillo M, Opazo-Capurro A, Lopez-Joven C, Vidal-Veuthey B, Collado L. Campylobacter jejuni and Other Emerging Campylobacteraceae in Retail Beef Liver - An Underestimated Potential Source? Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1505-1514. [PMID: 36000196 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine by-products, such as liver, could be an underestimated source of Campylobacter jejuni. Therefore, our aims were to evaluate the occurrence of C. jejuni and other Campylobacteraceae in retail beef liver and characterize their antibiotic resistance (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin) and potential genetic relationship by flagellin gene Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (flaA-RFLP) and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) with clinical strains. Seventy-six out of 206 samples (36.9%) were positive for Campylobacter and related organisms. Arcobacter butzleri was the most frequently isolated species (21.8%), followed by C. jejuni (9.7%), C. fetus (7.8%) and C. coli (1%). The C. jejuni strains showed resistance to tetracycline (17.2%) or ciprofloxacin (6.9%), with only one strain resistant to both antibiotics. Meanwhile, 8.3% of ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in C. fetus. The other species showed no resistance. Most of the clonal complexes (CC) in which the C. jejuni genotypes were grouped (CC-21, 42, 48 and 52), coincided with genotypes of clinical strains previously reported in Chile. As such, this study provides evidence that beef liver could be an underestimated route for resistant C. jejuni to humans. Further studies should assess whether this food could play a role in the transmission of other emerging Campylobacteraceae such as those reported here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lopez-Cantillo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrés Opazo-Capurro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carmen Lopez-Joven
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Boris Vidal-Veuthey
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Collado
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07311. [PMID: 35582363 PMCID: PMC9087955 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR E. coli can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–66% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–33% and 10–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–66% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR E. coli according to Article 8 criteria include mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang X, Yi X, Zhuang H, Deng Z, Ma C. Invited Review: Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Pathogens Associated with Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060771. [PMID: 35327168 PMCID: PMC8944629 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is the major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria in dairy herds. There have been numerous studies on AMU and AMR in dairy cows; however, studies on AMU and AMR in dairy calves are limited. A comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of AMU and AMR among pathogens in dairy calves is important for the development of scientifically supported and applicable measures to curb antimicrobial use and the increasing risk of AMR. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of research on AMU and AMR in dairy calves. A total of 75 publications were included, of which 19 studies reported AMU data for dairy calves and 68 described AMR profiles of the four most prevalent bacteria that are associated with calf diarrhea and calf pneumonia. Large variation in AMU was found among herds across different regions. There seems to be a positive association between exposure to antimicrobials and occurrence of resistance. Most AMU was accounted for by treatment of diseases, while a small proportion of AMU was prophylactic. AMU was more common in treating calf diarrhea than in treating pneumonia, and the resistance rates in bacteria associated with diarrhea were higher than those in pathogens related to pneumonia. Organic farms used significantly fewer antimicrobials to treat calf disease; however, the antimicrobial resistance rates of bacteria associated with calf diarrhea and pneumonia on both types of farms were comparable. Feeding waste or pasteurized milk was associated with a higher risk of AMR in pathogens. Altogether, this review summarizes AMU and AMR data for dairy calves and suggests areas for future research, providing evidence for the design of antimicrobial use stewardship programs in dairy calf farming.
Collapse
|
14
|
Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Food Animals in South Korea, 2010-2020. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030524. [PMID: 35336100 PMCID: PMC8949494 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food animals pose a major public health threat worldwide. In this study, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and resistance trends of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of healthy cattle, pigs, and chickens in South Korea during 2010 and 2020. A total of 7237 E. coli isolates (2733 cattle, 2542 pig, and 1962 chicken isolates) were tested for susceptibility towards 12 antimicrobials. About 48%, 90%, and 97% of cattle, pig, and chicken isolates, respectively, were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Cattle isolates presented low resistance (<15%) to most of the tested antimicrobials. In contrast, chicken and pig isolates demonstrated a relatively high (>45%) resistance rate to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tetracycline. We observed high ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance rates in chicken (76.1% and 88.6%, respectively), isolates in pig (12.7% and 26.7%, respectively) and cattle (2.7% and 8.2%, respectively) isolates. Notably, a very small proportion of isolates (<5%) from cattle, chickens, and pigs demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and colistin. We identified ceftiofur resistance in a small proportion of chicken (8.8%), pig (3.7%), and cattle (0.7%) isolates. We noted an increasing but fluctuating trend of ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin resistance in pig isolates. Similarly, the ampicillin, ceftiofur, and chloramphenicol resistance rates were increased but fluctuated through time in chicken isolates. Overall, 56% of the isolates showed multidrug-resistant (MDR). The proportion of MDR isolates was low in cattle (17.1%); however, this proportion was high in chickens (87.1%) and pigs (73.7%). Most of the resistance patterns included streptomycin and tetracycline in pigs and cattle, and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid in chickens. In conclusion, this study showed high resistance of commensal E. coli isolated from major food animals in Korea to commonly used antimicrobials including critically important antimicrobials. These bacteria could not only be a resistance reservoir but also could have potential to spread this resistance through gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in food animals highlights the urgent need for measures to restrict and ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials in Korea.
Collapse
|
15
|
Antimicrobial Resistance, Serologic and Molecular Characterization of E. coli Isolated from Calves with Severe or Fatal Enteritis in Bavaria, Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010023. [PMID: 35052900 PMCID: PMC8772957 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause neonatal diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn calves, leading to great economic losses. In Bavaria, Germany, no recent facts are available regarding the prevalence of virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance of ETEC in calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 8713 E. coli isolates obtained from 7358 samples of diseased or deceased diarrheic calves were investigated between 2015 to 2019. Considerably high rates of 84.2% multidrug-resistant and 15.8% extensively drug-resistant isolates were detected. The resistance situation of the first, second and third line antimicrobials for the treatment, here amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, is currently acceptable with mean non-susceptibility rates of 28.1%, 37.9% and 50.0% over the investigated 5-year period. Furthermore, the ETEC serotypes O101:K28, O9:K35, O101:K30, O101:K32, O78:K80, O139:K82, O8:K87, O141:K85 and O147:K89, as well as the virulence factors F17, F41, F5, ST-I and stx1 were identified in a subset of samples collected in 2019 and 2020. The substantially high rates of multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates underline the necessity of continuous monitoring regarding antimicrobial resistance to provide reliable prognoses and adjust recommendations for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.
Collapse
|
16
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello H, Berendonk T, Cavaco LM, Gaze W, Schmitt H, Topp E, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06651. [PMID: 34178158 PMCID: PMC8210462 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX -M, bla VIM, bla NDM, bla OXA -48-like, bla OXA -23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sjöström K, Hickman RA, Tepper V, Olmos Antillón G, Järhult JD, Emanuelson U, Fall N, Sternberg Lewerin S. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds in Sweden. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E834. [PMID: 33233471 PMCID: PMC7700389 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use (AMU) is important for control. We used Escherichia coli from healthy young calves as an indicator to evaluate whether AMR patterns differ between Swedish organic and conventional dairy herds and whether the patterns could be related to AMU data. Samples were taken twice, in 30 organic and 30 conventional dairy herds. Selective culturing for Escherichia coli, without antibiotics and with nalidixic acid or tetracycline, was used to estimate the proportions of resistant isolates. Microdilution was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for thirteen antimicrobial substances. AMU data were based on collection of empty drug packages. Less than 8% of the bacterial growth on non-selective plates was also found on selective plates with tetracycline, and 1% on plates with nalidixic acid. Despite some MIC variations, resistance patterns were largely similar in both periods, and between organic and conventional herds. For most substances, only a few isolates were classified as resistant. The most common resistances were against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. No clear association with AMU could be found. The lack of difference between organic and conventional herds is likely due to a generally good animal health status and consequent low AMU in both categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sjöström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.S.); (G.O.A.); (U.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Rachel A. Hickman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.A.H.); (V.T.)
| | - Viktoria Tepper
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.A.H.); (V.T.)
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Olmos Antillón
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.S.); (G.O.A.); (U.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Ulf Emanuelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.S.); (G.O.A.); (U.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Nils Fall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.S.); (G.O.A.); (U.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Susanna Sternberg Lewerin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prajapati A, Chanda MM, Dhayalan A, Yogisharadhya R, Chaudhary JK, Mohanty NN, Shivachandra SB. Variability in in vitro biofilm production and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among Pasteurella multocida strains. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:938-950. [PMID: 33059484 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1833192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm production, hitherto an uncharacterized feature among circulating Pasteurella multocida strains, was studied along with the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. On the basis of biofilm formation ability, all the strains were categorized into four groups under six different culture conditions: strong biofilm-forming (22%), moderate (19%), weak (51%), and non-adherent (7%). Strains from serogroups A and B formed significant biofilms in at least one culture condition whereas strains from serogroup D were unable to form biofilms. All strains were found to be susceptible to tetracycline. In addition, the correlation between diverse factors (host, capsule type, clinical condition and the tadD gene) as well as antimicrobial susceptibility in biofilm production were analyzed by Joint distribution models, and showed that enrofloxacin and azithromycin resistant strains were positively correlated with strong biofilm production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Prajapati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Mudassar Chanda
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arul Dhayalan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (CAU), Aizwal, Mizoram, India
| | - Nihar Nalini Mohanty
- CCS-National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India
| | | |
Collapse
|