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Sana A, Djemaï E, De Vreyer P, Thivillon T, Badolo H, Berthé A, Kania D. Seroprevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in middle-sized cities of Burkina Faso: A descriptive cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305850. [PMID: 39110710 PMCID: PMC11305540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2020, COVID-19 has evolved from a localized outbreak to a global pandemic. We assessed the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in three towns in the Centre Sud region of Burkina Faso. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three middle-sized cities in Burkina Faso's Centre Sud region, from June to July 2021. Subjects aged 16 or over at the time of the survey were considered for this seroprevalence study. The Biosynex COVID-19 BSS rapid test was used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against SARS-CoV-2. A standardized questionnaire was also administered to collect additional information. RESULTS A total of 2449 eligible participants (age ≥ 16 years) were identified. Serological tests for COVID-19 were performed in 2155 individuals, of which 2143 valid tests were retained and analyzed. Out of the entire sample, 246 positive tests were observed, corresponding to a prevalence of 11.48%. Prevalence was 9.35% (58 cases) in Kombissiri, 12.86% (80 cases) in Manga and 11.99% (108 cases) in Pô. By gender, 13.37% of women (164 cases) tested positive, and 8.95% of men (82 cases). Women accounted for 66.67% of all positive test subjects. The results from the multivariate analysis show a significantly higher seroprevalence in women (p = 0.007), people over 55 years old (p = 0.004), overweight people (p = 0.026) and those with drinking water sources at home (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the COVID-19 virus also circulates in the population of middle-sized cities in Burkina Faso, far more than officially reported by the information service of the government of Burkina Faso, given the lack of systematic testing in the general population in the country. The study also highlighted the greater vulnerability of women, older and overweight individuals to the epidemic. The preventive measures put in place to fight the pandemic must take these different factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sana
- Département biomédical et santé publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elodie Djemaï
- Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, DIAL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe De Vreyer
- Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, DIAL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Thivillon
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6060 Bordeaux Sciences Economiques, Pessac, France
| | - Hermann Badolo
- Observatoire National de la Santé de la population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdramane Berthé
- Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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El Bilali H, Ben Hassen T. Regional Agriculture and Food Systems Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Near East and North Africa Region. Foods 2024; 13:297. [PMID: 38254598 PMCID: PMC10815245 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected agri-food systems worldwide. However, while the impacts differed from one country/region to another, the scholarly literature seems to focus on developed countries in the Global North. Consequently, this review scrutinizes the literature on the pandemic's impacts in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. A search on the Web of Science in March 2023 generated 334 documents, of which 151 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. According to the bibliometric analysis, the most active nations are Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Lebanon. In general, the coverage of studies is better in the Gulf region than in the less developed countries of North Africa and those suffering from wars (cf. Libya, Syria, and Yemen). Studies generally focus on crop production and the downstream food chain (cf. distribution and consumption). While the pandemic influenced every pillar of food security, this research concentrates on access and utilization. Meanwhile, the lion's share of the literature deals with the pandemic's socio-economic effects, especially those linked to food (in)security and health. The pandemic, which laid bare the agri-food system vulnerabilities, should be seized to foster the transition towards more resilient agri-food systems in the NENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid El Bilali
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy;
| | - Tarek Ben Hassen
- Program of Policy, Planning, and Development, Department of International Affairs, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Nawaiseh HK, Abdelrahim DN, Al-Domi H, Al-Assaf MS, Al-Nawaiseh FK. The impact of vitamin D, vitamin C, and zinc supplements on immune status among Jordanian adults during COVID-19: cross-sectional study findings. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2251. [PMID: 37968651 PMCID: PMC10652433 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nutritional status is essential for the maintenance of the immune system, with malnutrition suppressing immunity. The aims of the current study were to assess the immune status of a group of Jordanian adults and to evaluate the association between vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc consumption and the Immune Status during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 615 adults Jordanian participants were enrolled in this study, an online- based cross sectional survey was used as a tool for this study. Data was collected by distributing the questionnaire form link through social media platforms. The association between ISQ score and the supplement intake pattern (daily, weekly, monthly and rarely) was assessed using multinomial logistic regression analysis, described as Odds ratio and 95% CI. RESULTS Data have indicated that the majority of the participants did not take Vitamin D supplements during the pandemic (46.3%). Also, there was a significant association between the frequency of Vitamin D supplement intake and ISQ (r = 12.777; P < 0.05). Data showed that the majority of participants used vitamin C supplementation (49.4%). Also, there was a significant association between the frequency of Vitamin C supplement intake and ISQ (r = 12.797; P < 0.05). Data also have indicated that the majority of the participants did not increase their consumption of Zinc during the COVID-19 pandemic (55.6%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest a significant association between the frequency of Vitamin D, and vitamin C supplement intake and ISQ. Nutritional status is essential for the maintenance of the immune system, with malnutrition suppressing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala K Nawaiseh
- Department of nutrition and food technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, 11942, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Sharjah University, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayder Al-Domi
- Department of nutrition and food technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S Al-Assaf
- Department of Ears, Nose and Throat, King Hussein Medical Centre (KHMC), Amman, Jordan
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Yusof J, d’Arqom A, Andriani AP, Nasution MZ, Fatimah N, Mustika A, Handayani S, Syed Abdul Kadir SZ. Dietary Supplement Consumption and Mental Health in Indonesian Adults During Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1799-1811. [PMID: 37520062 PMCID: PMC10378467 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s415925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to measure supplement consumption behavior and mental health status among Indonesian adults during the second year of COVID-19. Participants and Methods Online questionnaire regarding supplement consumption, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was distributed from March to June 2021 and obtained 1006 valid and completed questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to determine the frequency and predictor factors of the respondents' supplement consumption behavior and mental health status. Results Respondents were divided into two groups, vulnerable and non-vulnerable individuals. The finding showed that 34.5% respondents were vulnerable individuals, including the elderly and those with comorbid disease(s). The vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups exhibited a high prevalence of supplement consumption, with the vulnerable group demonstrating a greater tendency for regular use. The incidence of mental health problems in both groups did not significantly differ (23-38%), where anxiety was higher than depression and stress. Supplement consumption was associated with mental health status. Several positive predicting factors for supplement consumption behavior included older age, higher economic status, and higher education. While the younger age and unmarried respondents were more likely to develop mental health problems. Conclusion Taken together, given dietary supplement consumption increased during the pandemic and the potential associations between supplement consumption and mental health, controlling the correct information and regulation regarding supplements, especially their risks and benefits, was important. Additionally, support for mental health issues was necessary, since it might affect self-medication behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaidah Yusof
- School of Human Resource Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Annette d’Arqom
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine and Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nurmawati Fatimah
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine and Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Arifa Mustika
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine and Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Samsriyaningsih Handayani
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaSurabayaIndonesia
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d'Arqom A, Nasution MZ, Kadir SZSA, Yusof J, Govindaraju K. Practice and knowledge of dietary supplement consumption among Indonesian adults post-delta wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. F1000Res 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 37469719 PMCID: PMC10352623 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129045.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing dietary supplement (DS) consumption was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including during the post-Delta wave period. This study aimed to measure the practice of DS consumption and respondents' knowledge of DS. Methods: An internet-based survey was distributed from October-December 2021 and obtained 541 valid and completed responses. Descriptive analysis was performed to present the practice of DS consumption, including frequency, duration, aim, preferable dosage form etc. Level of knowledge on DS principles, side effects and regulation were also measured. Inferential analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of the respondents' DS practice and level of knowledge. Results: Data from 541 valid responses showed that 77.63% of respondents consumed DS in the last 3 months, with only 59.52% reporting also consuming DS before the COVID-19 pandemic. One half of the respondents had good knowledge about DS; however, some knowledge regarding side effects and possible drug-supplement interaction needed improvement. Their DS consumption practice was affected by their economic status and history of contracting COVID-19. Nevertheless, the level of knowledge was not affected by the sociodemographic factors and DS supplement experience. Conclusions: Taken together, the practice of self-consumption of DS in Indonesia is increasing; hence, knowledge of DS is necessary to avoid detrimental effects that might occur in the future. Increasing access to information on better labelling and educating consumers about DS are important actions to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Mhd Zamal Nasution
- Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia
| | | | - Junaidah Yusof
- School of Human Resource Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
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Alfawaz W, Almutlaq M, Alzeer H, Alwashmi Y, Aljuraiban GS, Alsaid M, Alnashmi S. The relation between dietary zinc and immune status in saudi adults. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15042. [PMID: 37151648 PMCID: PMC10161369 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is an increased interest in zinc intake and its role in boosting immunity, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the relationship between dietary zinc intake and immunity in Saudi adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the extent to which the dietary zinc impacted the immune health of 252 Saudi adults aged 18 years and above. Immune health was assessed using the Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ), and dietary zinc intake was estimated using an adapted zinc-specific version of the Saudi Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ). Three scores were calculated for use in the statistical analyses (zinc intake score, immune status score, and health status score). A linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the dietary zinc intake and immune and health status scores. The means of dietary zinc intake, ISQ, and health status scores were 46.94, 7.10, and 7.84, respectively. We found that a high zinc intake score was directly associated with immune status score (p = 0.006) but was not associated with the health status score. The association remained significant after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Al-Azzawi S, Masheta D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dispensing medicines in the community pharmacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:295-311. [PMID: 37355915 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-220061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world has faced an unprecedented challenge since COVID-19 emerged as a pandemic, which has led to quarantine and disruptions in drug services. During the pandemic, drug use habits and availability changed, causing a shift in behaviors and, in turn, medicine misuse. In Iraq, this is a major problem because many medicines can be easily obtained. OBJECTIVE The study aims to describe the pattern of dispensing medications during the pandemic and to evaluate the biochemical and pathological consequences. METHOD The analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was performed via a compiled questionnaire for 400 random pharmacists, and the analysis and interpretation of the biochemical changes and medical reports. RESULTS Results revealed that dispensing of medications since the COVID-19 outbreak has increased by 74%, and the demand for medicines seems higher than required in comparison to the periods before the pandemic, while 60% of the dispensed medicines were taken just in case needed. In addition, the availability of medicines decreased by 61%, and the dispensing of common medicines increased due to the belief in their prophylactic action. Several biochemical abnormalities and pathological consequences were recorded due to the irrational use of medicines, and the highest percentage (12%) was seen in hepatic and liver enzymatic dysfunction and 8% for the endocrine and hormonal abnormalities. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that most of the dispensed medicines were not used on a therapeutic or scientific basis during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafq Al-Azzawi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- PhD/Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Dhafir Masheta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- PhD/Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Pranjic N, Karabasic A. Dietary Supplementation Practices Among Undergraduate Students in Greece During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with COVID-19-related Anxiety. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:140-147. [PMID: 37701341 PMCID: PMC10495141 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.140-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the lack of evidence-based guidance on supplement use for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, consumption of dietary supplements has been shown to increase in many countries. Objective This study aimed to explore the use of dietary supplements among undergraduate students. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2021, involving a total of 536 participants (57.8% female) aged between 18-30 years in two university towns in central and northern Greece. Two validated questionnaires were used regarding dietary supplements and stress during COVID-19. Results The prevalence of dietary supplement use was 67.5%. The three most popular supplements consumed were vitamin C (65.2%), followed by vitamin D (58.3%), and multivitamin and mineral supplements (56.9%). The use of CAS-5 indicated that 13.1% of students were classified as having dysfunctional anxiety due to COVID-19 (CAS-5 score ≥5). Logistic regression analysis showed that those who exhibited CAS-5 ≥5 were over two times more likely to consume supplements compared to no-stress participants (OR 2.29, 95%CI: 1.09-4.82). Particularly vitamin D use was associated with CAS score ≥5 (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.22-3.89) a finding that was not observed with other types of dietary supplements. Conclusion Women, passive smokers, and those who believe that DS are necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic were also more likely to consume dietary supplements. The use of dietary supplements is widespread among Greek students. Future studies should be conducted to monitor whether these increases in DS use are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Almedina Karabasic
- Departmant of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Tan ML, Rahman S, Robinson F, Sani MHM. Psychological effects on self-medication during the pandemic COVID-19 in WP Labuan: A development of questionnaire and pilot-testing. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2023; 21:2779. [PMID: 37090453 PMCID: PMC10117300 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.1.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Self-Medication, which is a practice to self-treat using medicine without consulting a medical practitioner or a doctor, is a common practice and the Pandemic Covid-19 may have caused people to resort to self-medication in order to reduce the infectivity of the Covid-19. Objective To validate and develop an instrument in Bahasa Melayu to assess the psychological distress and self-medication during pandemic Covid-19 in WP Labuan. Methods A pilot study was conducted among 160 participants in WP Labuan. Reliability testing on internal consistency and content validity was performed on the adapted Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) as well as domain on knowledge, practice and attitude of self-medication. Result A panel of seven experts evaluated the research instrument for content validity and it was found to have good content item validity. The CPDI domain showed good internal consistency of Cronbach's Alpha of 0.919. The mean (SD) CPDI score of the respondents in WP Labuan was 32.55 (15.98). 64.2% of the respondents experienced psychological distress. The variable for Area (town/countryside) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) to be associated with self-medication during the pandemic. Conclusion The instrument established sound reliability and validity and therefore, can be an effective tool for assessing psychological distress and self-medication in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Tan
- Pharmacy Services Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Shamsur Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Freddie Robinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
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Ramic-Catak A, Mesihovic-Dinarevic S, Prnjavorac B, Naser N, Masic I. Public Health Dimensions of CVD Prevention and Control - Global Perspectives and Current Situation in the Federation of BiH. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:88-93. [PMID: 37701339 PMCID: PMC10495147 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.88-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CVD remains a leading cause of death in Europe and worldwide accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome. Objective The aim of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of Cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of BiH. Cardiovascular diseases stil represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The wellknown cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control. Conclusion Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ramic-Catak
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina
| | - Senka Mesihovic-Dinarevic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Sciences and
Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Nabil Naser
- Polyclinic "Nabil" Sarajevo, Sarajevo,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Masic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sarajevo,
Sarajevo, Bosnia nd Herzegovina
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kontopoulou L, Vasara E, Paraskevadaki E, Karpetas G, Papathanasiou IV, Gourgoulianis KI. Public Health Dimensions of CVD Prevention and Control - Global Perspectives and Current Situation in the Federation of BiH. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:152-156. [PMID: 37701339 PMCID: PMC10495152 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.152-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CVD remains a leading cause of death in Europe and worldwide accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome. Objective The aim of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of Cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of BiH. Cardiovascular diseases stil represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The wellknown cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control. Conclusion Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Kontopoulou
- Faculty of Nursing, Respiratory Disorders Lab, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Vasara
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eva Paraskevadaki
- Eva Paraskevadaki, Research and Statistics Consultant, StepUpAdvisor.gr, Greece
| | - Georgios Karpetas
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Informatics Lab, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Faculty of Medicine, Pulmonology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Pulmonology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Nasir Ahmed M, Hughes K. Role of ethno-phytomedicine knowledge in healthcare of COVID-19: advances in traditional phytomedicine perspective. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:96. [PMID: 35966214 PMCID: PMC9362587 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, ethnomedicinal plants have been used in diverse geographical locations for their purported prophylactic and pharmacological effects. Medicinal plants have been relied on by people around the globe for centuries, as 80% of the world’s population rely on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care needs, according to the World Health Organization.
Main body This review portrays advances in traditional phytomedicine by bridging the knowledge of ethno-phytomedicine and COVID-19 healthcare. Ethnomedicinal plants have been used for symptoms related to COVID-19 as antiviral, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, and lung–gut immune boosters. Traditionally used medicinal plants have the ability to inhibit virus entry and viral assembly, bind to spike proteins, membrane proteins, and block viral replications and enzymes. The efficacy of traditional medicinal plants in the terms of COVID-19 management can be evaluated by in vitro, in vivo as well as different in silico techniques (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning, etc.) which have been applied extensively to the quest and design of effective biotherapeutics rapidly. Other advances in traditional phytomedicines against COVID-19 are controlled clinical trials, and notably the roles in the gut microbiome. Targeting the gut microbiome via medicinal plants as prebiotics is also found to be an alternative and potential strategy in the search for a COVID-19 combat strategy. Conclusions Since medicinal plants are the sources of modern biotherapeutics development, it is essential to build collaborations among ethnobotanists, scientists, and technologists toward developing the most efficient and the safest adjuvant therapeutics against the pandemic of the twenty-first century, COVID-19.
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Nimer RM, Khabour OF, Swedan SF, Kofahi HM. Effect of natural products use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization: A self-reported cross-sectional survey study. F1000Res 2022; 11:639. [PMID: 35919098 PMCID: PMC9294495 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121933.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using available resources is essential to reduce the health burden of disease. The severity of COVID-19 is affected by nutritional status. In this study the effect of natural product use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization was explored. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Between March and July 2021, a self-administered survey was conducted in Jordan. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 and were ≥18 years old were the study population. Study measures included the use of natural products, COVID-19 severity, and hospitalization status. A multivariate regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results:
The mean age (mean ± SD) of the study sample (n=2,148) was 40.25 ± 15.58 years old. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the regular intake of carnation (OR [0.56], CI [0.37–0.85]), onion (OR [0.69], CI [0.52–0.92]), lemon (OR [0.68], CI [0.51–0.90]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.66], CI [0.50–0.89]) before infection were associated with a substantial reduction in COVID-19 severity (P<0.01). Also, the consumption of carnation (OR [0.55], CI [0.34–0.88]), lemon (OR [0.57], CI [0.42–0.78]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.61], CI [0.44–0.84]) were associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of COVID-19-induced hospitalization (P<0.01). Conclusions: Regular consumption of carnation, lemon, and citrus fruits before infection was associated with better outcomes for COVID-19. Studies on other populations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat M. Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Samer F. Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hassan M. Kofahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Amuzie CI, Kalu KU, Izuka M, Nwamoh UN, Emma-Ukaegbu U, Odini F, Metu K, Ozurumba C, Okedo-Alex IN. Prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 among residents in Umuahia, Abia State, Southeast Nigeria: policy and public health implications. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:34. [PMID: 35501929 PMCID: PMC9058746 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has led to restrictions on movements and lockdown measures, which have resulted to higher utilization of over-the-counter drugs compared to prescription-only drugs. This study determined the prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and November 2021 among the residents of Umuahia, Abia State. The respondents were selected using a snowball sampling technique, and a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the variables via Google forms. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 26. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS A total of 469 respondents participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment was 30.3% (95%CI: 26.7-34.1). The most commonly used medication was herbal products (43.7%). This was mainly self-prepared (41.5%). The major source of information for self-medication was from family members (39.4%). The majority of the respondents reported fear of isolation (76.3%), followed by fear of stigmatization (75.7%) as the triggers of self-medication. Older age (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.11-3.13), lower educational status [No formal education (aOR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.28-11.19)], [Primary education (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.17-3.097)] and perception to cost (aOR = 2.29; 95CI: I.24-4.24) were the predictors of self-medication. CONCLUSION Every one in three residents of Umuahia, Abia State, practiced self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some economic and socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with self-medication. We recommend intensifying public awareness campaigns on the risk of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma Ihuoma Amuzie
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria.
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Kalu Ulu Kalu
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Michael Izuka
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Uche Ngozi Nwamoh
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Uloaku Emma-Ukaegbu
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Franklin Odini
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Metu
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie Ozurumba
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Nkem Okedo-Alex
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
- African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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15
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Francis TV, Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R. Usage of nutritional supplements to improve immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 43:6-19. [PMID: 35466326 PMCID: PMC9015720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Proper nutrition to optimise immune function is mandatory as at present there is no specific medicine to cure COVID-19. Our study aimed to investigate the use of nutritional supplements and their key immunity enhancing components among Sri Lankans. Methods This current study was an online survey conducted during the period from 27th May to 2nd June 2021 disseminated via various social media platforms. Details were collected on highlighting the frequency and composition of nutritional supplements consumed. Results In a total of 3707 responders, a proportion of 25.5% (944) of the participants took supplements regularly, and 32.6% (1210), 14.5% (538), 27.4% (1015) intake were occasionally, rarely and never respectively. Older participants (>40 years of age) had a significantly higher intake of supplements than the younger counterpart of 31–35 years age group (OR: 0.604; 95% CI, 0.451–0.809; p < 0.001). Almost half (46.0%) took vitamin C supplements and females tend to take more (OR: 1.325; 95% CI, 1.120–1.567; p < 0.001) of vitamin C when compared to males. Comparatively to the other groups regarding monthly income, the participants with the highest income category are more likely to take vitamin D (OR:1.899; 95% CI, 1.034–3.490; p = 0.039) and multivitamin (OR: 3.222; 95% CI, 1.737–5.977; p < 0.001). The most commonly used main ingredient in home-made remedy was coriander in Sri Lanka. Conclusion The use of nutritional supplements and natural products to improve immunity during the pandemic were frequent among Sri Lankan adults. In general, older, female gender and high income was significantly associated with increased intake of the nutrient supplements.
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Yasmin F, Asghar MS, Naeem U, Najeeb H, Nauman H, Ahsan MN, Khattak AK. Self-Medication Practices in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:803937. [PMID: 35356012 PMCID: PMC8959567 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.803937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesDuring the pandemic, the growing influence of social media, accessibility of over-the-counter medications, and fear of contracting the virus may have led to self-medication practices among the general public. Medical students are prone to such practices due to relevant background knowledge, and access to drugs. This study was carried out to determine and analyze the prevalence of self-medication practices among medical students in Pakistan.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted online in which the participants were asked about the general demographics, their self-medication practices and the reasons to use. All participants were currently enrolled in a medical college pursuing medical or pharmacy degree. Non-probability sampling technique was used to recruit participants.ResultsA total of 489 respondents were included in the final analysis. The response rate was 61%. Majority of the respondents were females and 18–20 years of age. Self-medication was quite prevalent in our study population with 406 out of 489 individuals (83.0%) were using any of the drugs since the start of pandemic. The most commonly utilized medications were Paracetamol (65.2%) and multivitamins (56.0%). The reasons reported for usage of these medications included cold/flu, or preventive measures for COVID-19. The common symptoms reported for self-medication included fever (67.9%), muscle pain (54.0%), fatigue (51.7%), sore throat (46.6%), and cough (44.4%). Paracetamol was the most commonly used drug for all symptoms. Female gender, being in 3rd year of medical studies, and individuals with good self-reported health were found more frequent users of self-medication practices.ConclusionOur study revealed common self-medication practices among medical and pharmacy students. It is a significant health issue especially during the pandemic times, with high consumption reported as a prevention or treating symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences–Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
| | - Unaiza Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hala Najeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Nauman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Ahsan
- Department of Nephrology, Dow University of Health Sciences–Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
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17
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Elayeh E, Akour A, Haddadin RN. Prevalence and predictors of self-medication drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19: Experience from a Middle Eastern country. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14860. [PMID: 34516713 PMCID: PMC8646359 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of definitive cure for COVID-19 and the late introduction of a vaccine were responsible to push the general public to look for a remedy to treat or prevent COVID-19. The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns and factors that affect self-medication practices in Jordan during the pandemic. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire that was developed, piloted and distributed to the general public via various social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed the type of drugs and treatments used to self-medicate, the reasons behind their self-medication, and the factors affecting their practices. RESULTS A total of 1179 participants (females 46.4%) with a mean age of 32 (SD = 12.5) completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of the use of at least one product to treat or prevent COVID-19 was 80.4%. The most commonly used products to self-medicate were vitamin C (57.6%), followed by paracetamol (51.9%), zinc (44.8%) and vitamin D (32.5%). Female gender (odds ratio [OR]) = 1.603, working in the medical field (OR = 1.697), and history of COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.026) were variables associated with self-medication. The most common sources of participants' information about drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 were newspapers (n = 519, 44.0%), followed by pharmacists (43.4%), friends (33.8%) and internet searching such as Google (30.7%). CONCLUSION This study identified the main drugs and supplements used during COVID-19 and the motives behind their use. It also identified the most influential source of information on the public during the pandemic. Self-medication can lead to worsening of the patient's health and delay seeking medical advice from healthcare professionals. Efforts should be done to help mitigate risks of self-medications by active involvement of pharmacists and other members of healthcare team to refute false claims about drug, especially in the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Elayeh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyThe University of JordanAmmanJordan
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyThe University of JordanAmmanJordan
- Department of PharmacySchool of PharmacyAl‐Zaytoonah University of JordanAmmanJordan
| | - Randa N. Haddadin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of PharmacyThe University of JordanAmmanJordan
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Flores-Félix JD, Gonçalves AC, Alves G, Silva LR. Consumption of Phenolic-Rich Food and Dietary Supplements as a Key Tool in SARS-CoV-19 Infection. Foods 2021; 10:2084. [PMID: 34574194 PMCID: PMC8469666 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first cases of COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2, were reported in December 2019. The vertiginous worldwide expansion of SARS-CoV-2 caused the collapse of health systems in several countries due to the high severity of the COVID-19. In addition to the vaccines, the search for active compounds capable of preventing and/or fighting the infection has been the main direction of research. Since the beginning of this pandemic, some evidence has highlighted the importance of a phenolic-rich diet as a strategy to reduce the progression of this disease, including the severity of the symptoms. Some of these compounds (e.g., curcumin, gallic acid or quercetin) already showed capacity to limit the infection of viruses by inhibiting entry into the cell through its binding to protein Spike, regulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, disrupting the replication in cells by inhibition of viral proteases, and/or suppressing and modulating the host's immune response. Therefore, this review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential of phenolics to prevent SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.D.F.-F.); (A.C.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.D.F.-F.); (A.C.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.D.F.-F.); (A.C.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.D.F.-F.); (A.C.G.); (G.A.)
- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior (UDI/IPG), Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Basnet BB, Basnet R, Panday R. Prospects for controlling future pandemics of SARS in highlights of SARS-CoV-2. Virusdisease 2021; 32:770-773. [PMID: 34307770 PMCID: PMC8280605 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout human history infectious diseases have emerged to become global threats once in a while. Sometimes the previously established infections surfaced due to geographical extension or by increasing their transmissibility or pathogenicity while in other instances new infections have periodically emerged by transmitting from animals to humans. A proper strengthening of the existing health care system, disease surveillance, advancement in medical technology and healthy lifestyle is a must for controlling the future re-emergence of pandemics. Similarly, a deeper understanding of (1) key medical and social elements; (2) treatment and prevention options; (3) epidemic preparedness of the health care system; and (4) investing in ethno medicine research is necessary to prevent the future devastating pandemic emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raju Panday
- Biology Section, National Forensic Science Laboratory, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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