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K PN, Pattnaik BK, Das S. Comparative evaluation between Taguchi method and response surface method for optimization of electrocoagulation process in the context of treatment of dairy industry wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:663. [PMID: 38922358 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The presence of a large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants in dairy effluent is a substantial environmental issue. This study investigated electrocoagulation (EC) as a potential treatment method for dairy wastewater under different operating conditions, such as applied voltage (5-25 V), electrolysis time (30-90 min), and inter-electrode distance (1-2 cm) by using aluminum electrodes. This study focuses on achieving the maximum removal of BOD, COD, and nitrate in dairy effluents with the aforementioned operating conditions. The process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) and Taguchi method. RSM method optimized the electrocoagulation operating conditions such as the voltage at 23.75 V, time of 90 min, and inter-electrode distance at 1.07 cm. This optimization achieved the maximum removal percentage of BOD, COD, and nitrate at 79.06%, 84.35%, and 79.64%, respectively, in dairy effluent. Taguchi method optimized the electrocoagulation parameters such as the voltage at 25 V, time duration of 90 min, and inter-electrode distance of 1.00 cm, showcasing improved removal percentages of BOD, COD, and nitrate as 90.54%, 89.28%, and 82.74% respectively. The current study attempts to understand the optimization efficiencies between Taguchi method and response surface method for diary wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful N K
- Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, India
| | - Binaya Kumar Pattnaik
- Institute of Environment Education and Research, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pune, 411043, India.
| | - Sandipan Das
- Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Pune, India
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Leovac Maćerak A, Duduković N, Kiss F, Slijepčević N, Pešić V, Bečelić-Tomin M, Kerkez Đ. Electrocoagulation in treatment of municipal wastewater- life cycle impact assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141701. [PMID: 38508463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is investigation of electrocoagulation (EC) as a treatment of municipal wastewater, integrating life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for assessing its environmental performance of investigated treatment. The study evaluated the effectiveness of EC in removing physico-chemical and microbial parameters using aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes in monopolar and bipolar modes. Bipolar arrangement of Al(-)/Al/Al/Al(+) electrodes achieved the highest removals: 70% COD, 72% BOD5 followed by complete elimination of total phosphorous, turbidity and microbial parameters. This treatment was subject to investigation of the influence of reaction time (t = 10-60 min) on removals at higher current density (CD = 3.33 mA/cm2). In order to reduce energy consumption, the same reaction time range was used with a reduced CD = 2.33 mA/cm2. Following removal efficiencies obtained: 47-72% COD (higher CD) and 53-78% (lower CD); 69-75% BOD5 (higher CD) and 55-74% CD (lower CD); 12-21% NH4- (higher CD) and 7-22% NH4- (lower CD). Total P, NO3- and NO2- compounds showed the same removals regardless the CD. Decrease in current density did not influence removals of total suspended matter, turbidity, salinity as well as microbial parameters. The bipolar arrangement of Al(-)/Al/Al/Al(+) electrodes, assuming a lower CD = 2.33 mA/cm2 and t = 30 min, was assessed with the Recipe 2016Midpoint (H) and USEtox v.2 LCIA methods to explore the environmental justification of using EC for wastewater treatment. The LCIA results revealed that the EC process significantly reduces water eutrophication and toxicity for freshwater and marine ecosystems, but has higher impacts in global warming, fossil fuel consumption, human toxicity, acidification, and terrestrial ecotoxicity due to high energy consumption. This can be mainly explained by the assumption in the study that the EC precipitate is dispersed to agricultural soil without any pre-treatment and material recovery, along with relatively high energy consumption during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Leovac Maćerak
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Duduković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Ferenc Kiss
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Slijepčević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pešić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milena Bečelić-Tomin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Đurđa Kerkez
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Liang S, Yin L, Zhang D, Su D, Qu HY. ResNet14Attention network for identifying the titration end-point of potassium dichromate. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18992. [PMID: 37609400 PMCID: PMC10440524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of industry, the increasing discharge of sewage causes the detection of water quality to be of increasing importance. Potassium dichromate titration is one of the most important testing methods in water quality detection; the ability to accurately identify the titration end-point of potassium dichromate is currently a research challenge. To identify titration end-point quickly and accurately, this study proposes a ResNet14Attention network, which utilizes residual modules that focus on original image information and an attention mechanism that focuses highly on classification targets. The proposed ResNet14Attention network is compared with 12 convolutional neural networks such as ResNet series networks, VGG, and GoogLeNet. The results of comparison experiments reveal that only the proposed ResNet14Attention network has the highest training and testing accuracy of 100% among all convolutional neural networks in the comparison experiment; the proposed ResNet14Attention network has the highest training speed compared to all the networks that over 90% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Linfei Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Dashui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Dongwei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Power System Optimization and Energy Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hui-Ying Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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Effective and Low-Cost Adsorption Procedure for Removing Chemical Oxygen Demand from Wastewater Using Chemically Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment by adsorption onto activated carbon is effective because it has a variety of benefits. In this work, activated carbon prepared from rice husk by chemical activation using zinc chloride was utilized to reduce chemical oxygen demand from wastewater. The as-prepared activated carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The optimum conditions for maximum removal were achieved by studying the impact of various factors such as solution pH, sorbent dose, shaking time and temperature in batch mode. The results displayed that the optimum sorption conditions were achieved at pH of 3.0, sorbent dose of 0.1 g L−1, shaking time of 100 min and at room temperature (25 °C). Based on the effect of temperature, the adsorption process is exothermic in nature. The results also implied that the isothermal data might be exceedingly elucidated by the Langmuir model. The maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand by the activated carbon was 45.9 mg g−1. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-first order model. The findings suggested that activated carbon from rice husk may be used as inexpensive substitutes for commercial activated carbon in the treatment of wastewater for the removal of chemical oxygen demand.
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Nidheesh PV, Khan FM, Kadier A, Akansha J, Bote ME, Mousazadeh M. Removal of nutrients and other emerging inorganic contaminants from water and wastewater by electrocoagulation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135756. [PMID: 35917977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continual discharge of emerging inorganic pollutants into natural aquatic systems and their negative effects on the environment have motivated the researchers to explore and develop clean and efficient water treatment strategies. Electrocoagulation (EC) is a rapid and promising pollutant removal approach that does not require any chemical additives or complicated process management. Therefore, inorganic pollutant treatment via the EC process is considered one of the most feasible processes. The potential developments of EC process may make the process a wise choice for water treatment in the future. Thus, the present study mainly focuses on the use of EC technology to remove nutrients and other emerging inorganic pollutants from water medium. The operating factors that influence EC process efficiency are explained. The major advancement of the EC technique as well as field-implemented units are also discussed. Overall, this study mainly focuses on emerging issues, present advancements, and techno-economic considerations in EC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
| | - Farhan M Khan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - J Akansha
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Milad Mousazadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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