1
|
Han M, Guo Y, Tang S, Li D, Wan J, Zhu C, Zuraini Z, Liang J, Gao T, Zhou Z, Jiang Q. Effects of berberine hydrochloride on antioxidant response and gut microflora in the Charybdis japonica infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 39095728 PMCID: PMC11295712 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used berberine hydrochloride to treat the Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica infected with the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L. The effect of berberine hydrochloride on the survival rate and gut microbiota of C. japonica was investigated. Berberine hydrochloride improved the stability of the intestinal flora, with an increase in the abundance of probiotic species and a decrease in the abundance of both pathogenic bacteria after treatment with high concentrations of berberine hydrochloride. Berberine hydrochloride altered peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the intestinal tract compared to the control. Berberine hydrochloride could modulate the energy released from the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in the intestinal tract of C. japonica infected with A. hydrophila. Zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), occludin and signal transducer, and activator of transcription5b (STAT5b) expression were also increased, which improved intestinal barrier function. The results of this study provide new insights into the role of berberine hydrochloride in intestinal immune mechanisms and oxidative stress in crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu, 79 Chating East Street, 210017, Nanjing, China
| | - ShengKai Tang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu, 79 Chating East Street, 210017, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu, 79 Chating East Street, 210017, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjuan Wan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu, 79 Chating East Street, 210017, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu, 79 Chating East Street, 210017, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Zakaria Zuraini
- Biology Program, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ji Liang
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Malaysia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 210024, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu, 79 Chating East Street, 210017, Nanjing, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dos Santos GG, Riofrio LVP, Sousa AP, Santos PC, Silva AV, Lopes EM, Costa DS, Pereira Júnior JDA, Ferreira GB, Silva GVGDM, Tedesco M, Nogueira DJ, Jerônimo GT, Martins ML. Antimicrobial and anthelmintic effects of copper nanoparticles against Koi carp parasites and their toxicity. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e14003. [PMID: 39075836 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial and anthelmintic effect of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, the monogeneans Dactylogyrus minutus, Dactylogyrus extensus, Gyrodactylus cyprini, and the cestode Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, as well as their toxicity to Cyprinus carpio Koi. In the antimicrobial in vitro test, the inhibition zone method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were performed. In order to determine the time and efficacy of monogenean parasite mortality, the parasites were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg L-1, and a control group with tank water and one with copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) at a concentration of 0.3 mg L-1, performed in triplicate. The parasites were observed every 10 min for 300 min, and mortality was recorded. For the cestodes, parasites were immersed in CuNP concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 300 mg L-1. At the end of the in vitro tests, the anthelmintic efficacy of each treatment was calculated. To assess the tolerance and toxicity in fish, they were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg L-1 for 12 h. The MIC demonstrated that CuNPs effectively inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila up to a dilution of 12,500 mg L-1 and showed an inhibition zone of 14.0 ± 1.6 mm for CuNPs. The results of anthelmintic activity showed a dose-dependent effect of concentration for both groups of parasites, with the most effective concentration being 300 mg L-1 in 120 min. In the toxicity test, the carps showed tolerance to lower concentrations. The study indicated that CuNPs were effective against the studied pathogens. However, it proved to be toxic to fish at high concentrations. The use of low concentrations is recommended still requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Paula Sousa
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paola Capistrano Santos
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Silva
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilly Monteiro Lopes
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Domickson Silva Costa
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Beatrice Ferreira
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Marilia Tedesco
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego José Nogueira
- LABCAI- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Radwan M, Moussa MA, Manaa EA, El-Sharkawy MA, Darweesh KF, Elraey SMA, Saleh NA, Mohammadein A, Al-Otaibi WM, Albadrani GM, Al-Ghadi MQ, Badawy LA, Abd El-Halim MO, Abdel-Daim MM, Mekky AE. Synergistic effect of green synthesis magnesium oxide nanoparticles and seaweed extract on improving water quality, health benefits, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116522. [PMID: 38843743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding liquid extract of algae (Hypnea musciformis, Grateloupia acuminata, and Sargassum muticum) (HGS) and Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using this extract to rear water of Oreochromis niloticus, on improving culture water indices, growth performance, digestive enzyme, hemato-biochemical characters, immune, antioxidative responses, and resistance after challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with specific refer to the potential role of the mixture in vitro as resistance against three strains bacteria (Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa) and one parasite (Cichlidogyrus tilapia). The first group represented control, HGS0, whereas the other group, HGS5, HGS10, and HGS15 mL-1 of liquid extract, as well as all groups with 7.5 μg mL-1 MgO-NPs added to culture water of O. niloticus, for 60 days. Data showed that increasing levels at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1 in to-culture water significantly enhanced growth-stimulating digestive enzyme activity and a significantly improved survival rate of O. niloticus after being challenged with A. hydrophila than in the control group. The total viability, coliform, fecal coliform count, and heavy metal in muscle partially decreased at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1 than in the control group. Correspondingly, the highest positive effect on hemato-biochemical indices was noticed at levels HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1. Fish noticed an improvement in immune and antioxidant indices compared to control groups partially at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1. Interestingly, fish cultured in rearing water with the mixture provided downregulated the related inflammatory genes (HSP70, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-8) partially at HGS15 mL-1. In vitro, the mixture showed positive efficiency as an antibacterial and partially antiparasitic at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1. This study proposes utilizing a mixture of (HGS) and (MgO-NPs) with optimum levels of 10-15 mL-1 in cultured water to improve water indices, growth, health status, and increased resistance of O. niloticus against bacterial and parasitic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Radwan
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moussa A Moussa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Manaa
- Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | | | - Kareem F Darweesh
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said M A Elraey
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nehad A Saleh
- Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amaal Mohammadein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna A Badawy
- Department of Fish Resources and Aquaculture, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El‑Arish, Egypt
| | - Marwa O Abd El-Halim
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, PO Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Alsayed E Mekky
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yaparatne S, Morón-López J, Bouchard D, Garcia-Segura S, Apul OG. Nanobubble applications in aquaculture industry for improving harvest yield, wastewater treatment, and disease control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172687. [PMID: 38663593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for aquaculture has led the industry to seek novel approaches for more sustainable practices. These attempts aim to increase aquaculture yield by increasing energy efficiency and decreasing footprint and chemical demand without compromising animal health. For this, emerging nanobubbles (NBs) aeration technology gained attention. NBs are gas-filled pockets suspended as sphere-like cavities (bulk NBs) or attached to surfaces (surface NBs) with diameters of <1 μm. Compared to macro and microbubbles, NBs have demonstrated unique characteristics such as long residence times in water, higher gas mass transfer efficiency, and hydroxyl radical production. This paper focuses on reviewing NB technology in aquaculture systems by summarizing and discussing uses and implications. Three focus areas were targeted to review the applicability and effects of NBs in aquaculture: (i) NBs aeration to improve the aquaculture harvest yield and subsequent wastewater treatment; (ii) NB application for inactivation of harmful microorganisms; and (iii) NBs for reducing oxidative stress and improving animal health. Thus, this study reviews the research studies published in the last 10 years in which air, oxygen, ozone, and hydrogen NBs were tested to improve gas mass transfer, wastewater treatment, and control of pathogenic microorganisms. The experimental results indicated that air and oxygen NBs yield significantly higher productivity, growth rate, total harvest, survival rate, and less oxygen consumption in fish and shrimp farming. Secondly, the application of air and ozone NBs demonstrated the ability of efficient pollutant degradation. Third, NB application demonstrated effective control of infectious bacteria and viruses, and thus increased fish survival, as well as different gene expression patterns that induce immune responses to infections. Reviewed studies lack robust comparative analyses of the efficacy of macro- and microbubble treatments. Also, potential health and safety implications, as well as economic feasibility through factors such as changes in capital infrastructure, routine maintenance and energy consumption need to be considered and evaluated in parallel to applicability. Therefore, even with a promising future, further studies are needed to confirm the benefits of NB treatment versus conventional aquaculture practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheera Yaparatne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Jesús Morón-López
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Deborah Bouchard
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Onur G Apul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurniawan J, Waturangi DE, Julyantoro PGS, Papuangan N. Ice nucleation active bacteria metabolites as antibiofilm agent to control Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae infections in Aquaculture. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:166. [PMID: 38886828 PMCID: PMC11184859 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to quantify and identify metabolites of Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacteria as an anti-biofilm agent against biofilms of fish pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. RESULTS Ice nucleation active bacteria, which have the ability to catalyze ice nucleation, isolated from rainwater in previous studies, were used. All INA isolates were tested in several assays, including the antimicrobial test, which uses streptomycin as the positive control and none of the isolates were found positive in the antimicrobial test. As for the quorum quenching assay, it was found that four out of ten isolates were able to disturb the communication system in Chromobacterium violaceum wild type, which was used as the indicator bacteria. On the next assay, all ten isolates were tested for Biofilm Inhibition and Destruction and showed anti-biofilm activity with the highest percentage inhibition of 33.49% by isolate A40 against A. hydrophila and 77.26% by isolate A19 against S. agalactiae. C1 performed the highest destruction against A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae, with percentages of 32.11% and 51.88%, respectively. As for the GC-MS analysis, supernatants of INA bacteria contain bioactive compounds such as sarcosine and fatty acids, which are known to have antibiofilm activity against several biofilm-forming bacteria. Through 16s rRNA sequencing, identified bacteria are from the Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter genera. As for the conclusion, ice nucleation active bacteria metabolites tested showed positive results against pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in destructing and inhibiting biofilm growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kurniawan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Nurmaya Papuangan
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giri SS, Jung WJ, Lee SB, Jo SJ, Hwang MH, Park JH, Venkatachalam S, Park SC. Effect of dietary heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 on growth, immunity, antioxidant status, and immune-related gene expression in pathogen-aggravated Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109547. [PMID: 38593522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heat-killed probiotics offer an alternative approach to enhance growth and disease resistance in farmed fish. In this study, we isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 from the gut of Labeo rohita to investigate the effects of heat-killed L. plantarum (HK-LP) on the health and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Different concentrations of HK-LP (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the fish, followed by a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila after 8 weeks of feeding. Notably, the LP200 group exhibited significantly improved percentage weight gain and specific growth rate, accompanied by the lowest feed conversion ratio. Post-challenge survival rates were considerably enhanced in the LP200 group, reaching 60.65%. Moreover, serum analysis indicated significantly higher levels of total protein and albumin in the LP200 group than in the control group. Although HK-LP had no substantial impact on certain serum parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, cortisol, and alanine aminotransferase), aspartate aminotransferase levels were considerably low in the LP200 group. Intestinal protease and trypsin activities significantly increased in the LP200 group, while no significant changes were observed in lipase and amylase activities post-pathogen challenge. Serum immunological indices, including lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, and phagocytic activity, improved considerably in the LP200 group. Additionally, serum antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase [CAT], and myeloperoxidase) were significantly elevated in the LP200 group, while malondialdehyde level was reduced. Gene expression analysis in liver tissue indicated strong upregulation of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NFE2]-related factor 2 [Nrf2], Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1[Keap1]) in the LP100 and LP200 groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were considerably downregulated in the kidneys of the LP200 post-challenged fish, although the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed an increased expression. Quadratic regression analysis identified the optimal dietary HK-LP level for maximizing growth and immune performance (200.381-270.003 mg/kg). In summary, our findings underscore the potential of HK-LP as a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing carp aquaculture, particularly at the appropriate concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Venkatachalam
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nassar AAMA, Gharib AAEA, Abdelgalil SY, AbdAllah HM, Elmowalid GA. Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and growth-promoting activities of dietary fermented Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) with in-vivo protection against Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:231. [PMID: 38802892 PMCID: PMC11129393 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used in aquafeed as a dietary supplement. Based on previous studies, insufficient research is available on the dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia with M. oleifera leaf and seed mixtures, specifically the fermented form. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fermented (FMO) versus non-fermented M. oleifera (MO) leaf and seed mixtures on immunological parameters, antioxidant activity, growth performance, and resistance to A. hydrophila infection after a 30-day feeding trial on Nile tilapia. METHODS A total of 180 fingerlings were randomly divided into four groups in addition to the control group (36 fish each, in triplicate). Fish in the tested groups were fed on basal diet supplemented with MO5%, MO10%, FMO5%, and FMO10%, while those in control were fed on basal diet only. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The immunomodulatory activity of M. oleifera was evaluated in terms of phagocytic and lysozyme activities, immune-related cytokines and IgM gene expression. Antioxidants, and growth-promoting activities were also assessed. RESULTS The results revealed that fish supplemented FMO markedly in FMO10% group followed by FMO5%, exhibited significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the tested immunological, hepatic antioxidants, and growth performance parameters. Furthermore, the highest survival rate post-challenge with mild clinical symptoms, and the lowest A. hydrophila bacterial count were reported in these groups. Meanwhile, MO10%-supplementation exhibited the opposite trend. CONCLUSIONS The study' conclusion suggests that fermented M. oleifera leaf and seed mixture is a promising growth-promoting and immunostimulatory feed-additive candidate for Nile tilapia and could reduce the losses caused by A. hydrophila infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A M A Nassar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Sarah Yousef Abdelgalil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hossam M AbdAllah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ji L, Chen C, Zhu J, Hong X, Liu X, Wei C, Zhu X, Li W. Integrated time-series biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal key metabolites and signaling pathways in the liver of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376860. [PMID: 38799475 PMCID: PMC11116567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium widely distributed in the natural environment, causes multiple diseases in various animals. Exploring the mechanism of the host defense against A. hydrophila can help develop efficient strategies against Aeromonas infection. Methods Herein, we investigated the temporal influence of A. hydrophila on the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, an economically important species, at the biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels. Plasma parameters were detected with the test kits. Transcriptome and metabolome were respectively applied to screen the differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Results The contents or activities of these plasma parameters were significantly increased at 24 hpi and declined at 96 hpi, indicating that 24 and 96 hpi were two important time points during infection. Totals of 3121 and 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome while 74 and 91 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) from the metabolome were detected at 24 and 96 hpi. The top DEGs at 24 hpi included Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Il1β, Il6, Il7, Il15, Tnf, and Tnfr1 while Zap70, Cd3g, Cd8a, Itk, Pik3r3, Cd247, Malt1, and Cd4 were the most abundant at 96 hpi. The predominant DAMs included O-phospho-L-serine, γ-Aminobutyric acid, orotate, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan at 24 hpi, as well as L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and citric acid at 96 hpi. Discussion The combined analysis of DEGs and DAMs revealed that tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism, were the most important signaling pathways at the early infective stage while tyrosine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were the most crucial pathways at the later stage. In general, our results indicated that the Chinese soft-shelled turtle displays stage-specific physiological responses to resist A. hydrophila infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roh H, Kannimuthu D. Genomic and Transcriptomic Diversification of Flagellin Genes Provides Insight into Environmental Adaptation and Phylogeographic Characteristics in Aeromonas hydrophila. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:65. [PMID: 38695873 PMCID: PMC11065939 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic motile pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Environmental and geographical conditions exert selective pressure on both geno- and phenotypes of pathogens. Flagellin, directly exposed to external environments and containing important immunogenic epitopes, may display significant variability in response to external conditions. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of ~ 150 A. hydrophila genomes, leading to the identification of six subunits of the flagellin gene (fla-1 to fla-4, flaA, and flaB). Individual strains harbored different composition of flagellin subunits and copies. The composition of subunits showed distinct patterns depending on environmental sources. Strains from aquatic environments were mainly comprised of fla-1 to fla-4 subunits, while terrestrial strains predominated in groups harboring flaA and flaB subunits. Each flagellin showed varying levels of expression, with flaA and flaB demonstrating significantly higher expression compared to others. One of the chemotaxis pathways that control flagellin movement through a two-component system was significantly upregulated in flaA(+ 1)/flaB(+ 1) group, whereas flaA and flaB showed different transcriptomic expressions. The genes positively correlated with flaA expression were relevant to biofilm formation and bacterial chemotaxis, but flaB showed a negative correlation with the genes in ABC transporters and quorum sensing pathway. However, the expression patterns of fla-2 to fla-4 were identical. This suggests various types of flagellin subunits may have different biological functions. The composition and expression levels of flagellin subunits could provide valuable insights into the adaptation of A. hydrophila and the differences among strains in response to various external environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HyeongJin Roh
- Pathogen Transmission and Disease Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes 5870, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Dhamotharan Kannimuthu
- Pathogen Transmission and Disease Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes 5870, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Méndez LR, Rodríguez-Cornejo T, Rodríguez-Ramos T, Al-Hussinee L, Velázquez J, Campbell JH, Carpio Y, Estrada MP, Dixon B. PACAP sequence modifications modulate the peptide antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens affecting aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109512. [PMID: 38499216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The global aquaculture industry has significant losses each year due to disease outbreaks. Antibiotics are one of the common methods to treat fish infections, but prolonged use can lead to the emergence of resistant strains. Aeromonas spp. Infections are a common and problematic disease in fish, and members of this genera can produce antibiotic resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as an alternative method to treat and prevent infections and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a prominent member of this family. The objective of this research was to study PACAP's direct antimicrobial activity and its toxicity in fish cells. Four synthetic variants of the natural PACAP from Clarias gariepinus were tested in addition to the natural variant. The experimental results show a different antimicrobial activity against A. salmonicida and A. hydrophila of each PACAP variant, and for the first time show dependence on the culture broth used. Furthermore, the results suggest that the underlying mechanism of PACAP antimicrobial activity includes a bacterial membrane permeabilizing effect, classifying PACAP as a membrane disruptive AMP. This study also demonstrated that the five PACAP variants evaluated showed low toxicity in vitro, at concentrations relevant for in vivo applications. Therefore, PACAP could be a promising alternative to antibiotics in the aquaculture sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rivera Méndez
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tania Rodríguez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lowia Al-Hussinee
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, Canada; Animal Health Laboratory, OVC, Guelph University, Canada
| | - Janet Velázquez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - James Hugh Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rai S, Tyagi A, B T NK. Oral feed-based administration of phage cocktail protects rohu fish (Labeo rohita) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:219. [PMID: 38627275 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major freshwater fish pathogens. In the current study, a cocktail of D6 and CF7 phages was given orally to Labeo rohita to assess phage survival in fish organs as well as to determine the therapeutic efficacy of phage treatment against fish mortality caused by A. hydrophila. In the phage-coated feed, prepared by simple spraying method, phage counts were quite stable for up to 2 months with a decline of ≤ 0.23 log10 and ≤ 1.66 log10 PFU/g feed during 4 oC and room temperature storage. Throughout the experimental period of 7 days, both phages could be detected in the gut of fish fed with phage-coated feed. Besides, both CF7 and D6 phages were also detected in fish kidneys indicating the ability of both the phage to cross the intestinal barrier. During challenge studies with LD50 dose of A. hydrophila, phage cocktail doses of 1 × 106 - 1 × 108 PFU/g feed prevented the mortality in L. rohita with relative percentage survival (RPS) of 8.7-65.2. When challenged with LD90 dose of A. hydrophila, an RPS value of 28.6 was obtained at a phage cocktail dose of 1 × 108 PFU/g feed. The RPS data showed that orally-fed phage cocktail protected the fish against the mortality caused by A. hydrophila in a dose-dependent manner. Simple practical approaches for phage cocktail development, medicated feed preparation and oral administration along with phage survival and protection data make the current study useful for farmer-level application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Rai
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar B T
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernández-Urcera J, Romero A, Cruz P, Vasconcelos V, Figueras A, Novoa B, Rodríguez F. Screening of Microalgae for Bioactivity with Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Assays. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38666867 PMCID: PMC11048355 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are a rich reservoir of natural compounds, including bioactives. Nonetheless, these organisms remain fairly unexplored despite their potential biotechnological applications. Culture collections with diverse taxonomic groups and lifestyles are a good source to unlock this potential and discover new molecules for multiple applications such as the treatment of human pathologies or the production of aquaculture species. In the present work extracts from thirty-three strains (including twenty dinoflagellates, four diatoms and nine strains from seven other algal classes), cultivated under identical conditions, were examined for their antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Among these, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities were detected in a few strains while the antibacterial tests showed positive results in most assays. In turn, most trials did not show any anti-cancer activity. Significant differences were observed between species within the same class, in particular dinoflagellates, which were better represented in this study. These preliminary findings pave the way for an in-depth characterization of the extracts with highest signals in each test, the identification of the compounds responsible for the biological activities found and a further screening of the CCVIEO culture collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-Urcera
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (P.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (P.C.); (V.V.)
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Girão M, Freitas S, Martins TP, Urbatzka R, Carvalho MF, Leão PN. Decylprodigiosin: a new member of the prodigiosin family isolated from a seaweed-associated Streptomyces. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1347485. [PMID: 38576493 PMCID: PMC10991731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting actinobacterial secondary metabolism from untapped marine sources may lead to the discovery of biotechnologically-relevant compounds. While studying the diversity and bioactive potential of Actinomycetota associated with Codium tomentosum, a green seaweed collected in the northern Portuguese cost, strain CT-F61, identified as Streptomyces violaceoruber, was isolated. Its extracts displayed a strong anticancer activity on breast carcinoma T-47D and colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells, being effective as well against a panel of human and fish pathogenic bacteria. Following a bioactivity-guided isolation pipeline, a new analogue of the red-pigmented family of the antibiotics prodigiosins, decylprodigiosin (1), was identified and chemically characterized. Despite this family of natural products being well-known for a long time, we report a new analogue and the first evidence for prodigiosins being produced by a seaweed-associated actinomycete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Girão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Teresa P. Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria F. Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdou AM, Awad DAB. Lysozyme Peptides as a Novel Nutra-Preservative to Control Some Food Poisoning and Food Spoilage Microorganisms. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10226-2. [PMID: 38376818 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses and microbial food contamination are crucial concerns and still issues of great worldwide concern. Additionally, the serious health hazards associated with the use of chemical preservatives in food technology. Lysozyme (Lz) is an active protein against Gram-positive bacterial cell wall through its muramidase lytic activity; however, several authors could identify some antimicrobial peptides derived from Lz that have an exaggerated and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Therefore, a lysozyme peptides preparation (LzP) is developed to broaden the Lz spectrum. In this work, we investigated the potential efficacy of LzP as a novel Nutra-preservative (food origin) agent against some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Our results showed that LzP demonstrated only 11% of the lysozyme lytic activity. However, LzP exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas species, while Salmonella typhi and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited slight resistance. Despite the lowest LzP concentration (0.1%) employed, it performs stronger antibacterial activity than weak organic acids (0.3%). Interestingly, the synergistic multi-component formulation (LzP, glycine, and citric acid) could inhibit 6 log10 cfu/ml of E. coli survival growth. The effect of heat treatment on LzP showed a decrease in its antibacterial activity at 5 and 67% by boiling at 100 °C/30 min, and autoclaving at 121 °C/15 min; respectively. On the other hand, LzP acquired stable antibacterial activity at different pH values (4-7). In conclusion, LzP would be an innovative, natural, and food origin preservative to control the growth of food poisoning and spoilage bacteria in food instead chemical one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Abdou
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Kaliobeya, Egypt.
| | - Dina A B Awad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Kaliobeya, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
SASAKI H, YANG T, ZHANG M, LI R, MORI T, YI SQ. Microbiological assessment of Suncus murinus bred and managed as laboratory animals. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:92-95. [PMID: 38008441 PMCID: PMC10849853 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Suncus murinus is gaining prominence as a laboratory animal; however, there is no generally accepted method for microbiological monitoring. This study aimed to apply non-serological microbiological monitoring of laboratory mice for S. murinus and identify the subdominant species obtained by culture methods for microbial assessment. Culture and PCR were used to test S. murinus for the laboratory mice test panels including 10 bacterial species and orthohantaviruses, all of which were negative. The species that grew sub-dominantly in rectal feces were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, which is pathogenic to mammals. These results indicate that microbiological monitoring should be used to detect pathogens directly from S. murinus, not from sentinel animals, due to the host-specific microbial environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku SASAKI
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ting YANG
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingshou ZHANG
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rujia LI
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi MORI
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuang-Qin YI
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang H, Wang Z, Jia AQ. Methyl gallate from Camellia nitidissima Chi flowers reduces quorum sensing related virulence and biofilm formation against Aeromonas hydrophila. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:64-75. [PMID: 38373897 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2316611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative zoonotic bacterium, causes high mortality in fish farming and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to extract methyl gallate (MG) from the flowers of Camellia nitidissima Chi and evaluate its potential as a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) against Aeromonas hydrophila SHAe 115. MG reduced QS-associated virulence factors, including hemolysis, protease, and lipase, while impairing swimming motility and biofilm formation. Additionally, MG down-regulated positive regulatory genes (ahyR, fleQ) and up-regulated negative regulators (litR, fleN). This highlights MG's promise as a potent QSI for A. hydrophila SHAe 115, advancing strategies against infections in aquaculture and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jiang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
SobhZahedi M, Zamani H, YektaKooshali MH. Curcumin Aattenuates the Expression of Metalloprotease (AHA_0978) and Serine Protease (AHA_3857) Genes in Aeromonas Hydrophila. Galen Med J 2023; 12:1-7. [PMID: 38974130 PMCID: PMC11227646 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v12i.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for various infections in humans and animals. Bacterial exoproteases are considered an important determinant in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila. Serine protease and metalloprotease, that are regulated by the bacterial Quorum sensing (QS) system are important virulent factors in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila. Anti-QS potential of curcumin has been reported, previously. In this work, we characterized the effect of curcumin on the expression of the metalloprotease and serine protease genes in A. hydrophila. MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of curcumin was measured by the agar macro-dilution method and a sub-inhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC) was used in subsequent experiments. The expression level of the metalloprotease and serine protease genes among the treated and control bacteria was evaluated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Bacterial proteolytic activity was also measured by skim milk agar plate assay. RESULTS MIC of curcumin for bacterial strain was 1024 μg/ml curcumin, and at 512 µg/mL (1/2 MIC) it remarkably attenuated the expression of the metalloprotease and serine protease genes up to 66 and 77%, respectively. Also, the proteolytic activity of A. hydrophila was considerably reduced by curcumin. CONCLUSION Due to the promising inhibitory effect on bacterial proteolysis, curcumin could be considered an anti-virulence agent against A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh SobhZahedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Guia ACM, Guia MRDUD, Monserate JJ, Salazar JR, Velasco RR, Mingala CN, Quiazon KMA. Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila possessing aerolysin gene using gold nanoparticle probe. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:593-598. [PMID: 38370905 PMCID: PMC10868686 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aerolysin (aerA) is a virulence indicator used to identify the pathogenicity of the Aeromonas strain. Targeting a pathogen's crucial virulence gene for detection is essential, as it determines the potential threat to the host. This study aimed to develop a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe for detecting the gene aerA in Aeromonas hydrophila among field samples. Materials and Methods Kidney samples among both healthy and sick Nile tilapias in five provinces of Luzon Island were collected for bacterial analysis. Screening using specific primers targeting aerA was conducted in parallel with testing the AuNPs probe on the same sample set. The positive control provided by BFAR-NFLD, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, was used as a positive sample containing the target gene. Results The AuNP probe demonstrated a computed accuracy of 81.32%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 81.26%. Among the 257 reactions, 59 were false positives, while no false negative results were observed. The AuNP probe could detect aerA at levels as low as 30 ng/µl. The low prevalence of the target gene may be attributed to the use of general media instead of specific media like Rimler-Shotts agar. Conclusion The established colorimetric detection method for A. hydrophila with the aerA gene offers a swift alternative to PCR, negating the requirement for advanced equipment like a thermal cycler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arren Christian M. de Guia
- Livestock Biotechnology Center, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
- Freshwater Aquaculture Center—College of Fisheries, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| | - Mary Rose D. Uy-de Guia
- Production System and Nutrition Section, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| | - Juvy J. Monserate
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| | - Joel R. Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| | - Ravelina R. Velasco
- Freshwater Aquaculture Center—College of Fisheries, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| | - Claro N. Mingala
- Livestock Biotechnology Center, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Institute of Graduate Studies, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| | - Karl Marx A. Quiazon
- Freshwater Aquaculture Center—College of Fisheries, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, The Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Basak C, Chakraborty R. Gut-immunity modulation in Lepidocephalichthys guntea during Aeromonas hydrophila-infection and recovery assessed with transcriptome data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22936. [PMID: 38130423 PMCID: PMC10735050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish immune system, which consists of innate and adaptive immunologic processes, defends against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The gut immunity is an integral part of the host immune system that controls immunological homeostasis, hosts' interactions with their microbiomes, and provides defence against a number of intestinal infections. Lepidocephalichthys guntea, a facultative air-breathing fish, was experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using intraperitoneal injection followed by bath challenge, and transcriptome data were used to examine the gut immune responses during disease progression and recovery from the diseased state without the use of medication. For the control or uninfected fish (FGC) and the infected fish that were kept for seven days (FGE1) and fifteen days (FGE2), separate water tanks were set up. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) for FGC and FGE1, FGC and FGE2, and FGE1 and FGE2 were analyzed for differential gene expression (DGE). The presence and expression of genes involved in the T cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and complement-mediated pathway, along with a large number of other immune-related proteins, and heat shock protein (HSPs) under various experimental conditions and its relationship to immune modulation of the fish gut was the primary focus of this study. Significant up-and-down regulation of these pathways shows that, in FGE1, the fish's innate immune system was engaged, whereas in FGE2, the majority of innate immune mechanisms were repressed, and adaptive immunity was activated. Expression of genes related to the immune system and heat-shock proteins was induced during this host's immunological response, and this information was then used to build a thorough network relating to immunity and the heat-shock response. This is the first study to examine the relationship between pathogenic bacterial infection, disease reversal, and modification of innate and adaptive immunity as well as heat shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Basak
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nguyen PTT, Dinh TT, Tran-Van H. Construction of L-type lectin displaying Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Vibrio parahaemolyticus agglutination. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00440-3. [PMID: 37889383 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of Aga1P anchor protein in the display system for expressing heterologous proteins on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to be an ideal approach. This system has the ability to improve the expression of target proteins beyond the cell surface, resulting in increased activity and stability of the expression system. Recent studies have demonstrated that a new L-type lectin from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvLTLC1) has been found to possess the capability of agglutinating Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen responsible for causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. In this study, LvLTLC1 protein was designed to be expressed on the surface of S. cerevisiae via Aga1P anchor. The expression of LvLTLC1 protein on the surface of S. cerevisiae::pYIP-LvLTLC1-Aga1P was confirmed through the use of analytical techniques including SDS-PAGE, dot blot, and fluorescent immunoassay with LvLTC1-specific antibody. Subsequently, the newly generated yeast strain was evaluated for its ability to agglutinate V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila. The obtained results indicated that S. cerevisiae expressing LvLTLC1 protein on its surface had the ability to agglutinate both AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila. This newly generated yeast strain could be served as a feed supplement for controlling bacteria in general and AHPND in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong-Thao Thi Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology; Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Tien Giang University, My Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thuan-Thien Dinh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology; Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Tran-Van
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology; Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Giri SS, Kim SG, Saha S, Kim HJ, Jun JW, Chi C, Venkatachalam S, Park SC. Impact of dietary piperine on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status, and immune-related gene expression in pathogen-aggravated Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109081. [PMID: 37726082 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary piperine (PIP) on growth performance, digestive enzymes, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant and immune responses, and gene expression in Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Six diets were prepared with PIP doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g/kg, corresponding with the control, PR50, PR100, PR200, PR300, and PR400, respectively. Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila after 8 weeks of feeding with the respective diets. Weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly enhanced, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lowered in PR200. The cumulative post-challenge survival was improved to 68.43% in the PR200 group compared with 28.08% in the control. Serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly enhanced in the PR200 group compared to the control. However, dietary PIP up to 3 g/kg had no significant effect on serum glucose, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, or alkaline phosphatase activities; however, the alanine aminotransferase level was lower (P < 0.05) in the PR200 group than in the control. Intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities increased in PR300, and intestinal amylase and lipase increased in the PR100 group (P < 0.05). The serum immunological indices (lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst activity) were higher (P < 0.05) in the PR200 group than in the control group. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly intensified in PR200-PR300 than in the control group, with the highest activity observed in the PR200 group. Malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the PR200 group than in the control group. Furthermore, SOD, CAT, and Nrf2 expression was strongly upregulated in the liver tissue of the PR200 and PR300 groups compared to that in the control. The transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz. IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly upregulated in the kidneys of the PR100 and PR200 post-challenged. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly downregulated in the kidneys of PR200. The expression of HSP70 was upregulated only in the PR400. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the optimal dietary PIP level was estimated as 2.07-2.13 g/kg to maximize growth performance. Overall, these results indicate that dietary PIP at an appropriate level can improve immunity, cytokine gene expression, and disease resistance in C. carpio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, South Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Sukumaran Venkatachalam
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Das BK, Kumar V, Das P, Nayak KK. De novo whole transcriptome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the gut of an infected Labeo rohita. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247652. [PMID: 37779727 PMCID: PMC10539578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a major generalist bacterial pathogen causing severe infections and mortalities in aquatic animals. Its genome, which was the first to be sequenced from the Aeromonas genus, may serve as a model for studying pathogenic mechanisms. To explore the pathogen-host fitness mechanism of bacterium, a comprehensive comparative transcriptome ecotype analysis of A. hydrophila isolated from the gut of Labeo rohita during infection was performed. Special characteristics in gene expression, gene ontology terms and expression of pathogenesis-associated genes, including genes encoding secreted proteins, candidate effectors, hydrolases, and proteins involved in secondary metabolite production were revealed. Among the database, 6,533 were gene ontology (GO) annotated, while 1,480 were not allocated in any GO terms. Investigation on GO illustrated that the articulated genes were improved with molecular function, cellular components, and biological processes. Further bioinformatics analysis identified the outer membrane protein genes (ompA, ompts, ompw, omp38, and omp48), cytotoxin, amylase, and lipase genes. Overall, this work allowed to designate, for the first time, a global view on the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila during infection. Furthermore, the study provides information on the fitness of A. hydrophila, a severe pathogen with a wide host range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Kausalya K. Nayak
- Department of Zoology, K.B.D.A.V. College, Nirakarpur, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiao D, Zhao Y, Pei C, Zhao X, Jiang X, Zhu L, Zhang J, Li L, Kong X. Two CcCCL19bs orchestrate an antibacterial immune response in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108987. [PMID: 37541636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of chemotactic cytokines with an essential role in homeostasis as well as immunity via specific G protein-coupled receptors and atypical receptors. In our study, two Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) CCL19b genes (CcCCL19bs), tentatively named CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b, were cloned. The open reading frames (ORFs) of CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b were both 333 bp that encoded a 12 kDa protein with 110 amino acid residues. CcCCL19bs contained a signal peptide and a SCY domain with four typical conserved cysteine residues. The two CcCCL19b proteins shared high similarities with each other in both secondary and three-dimensional structure. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CcCCL19bs and other CCL19bs from tetraploid cyprinid fish were clustered into one clade. CcCCL19bs were highly expressed in gill and intestine in healthy fish, and a significant up-regulation of gene expression after Aeromonas hydrophila infection and poly(I:C) stimulation was observed in gill, liver, and head kidney. Furthermore, chemotaxis and antibacterial activity of CcCCL19bs were studied. The results indicated that recombinant CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b protein (rCcCCL19b_a and rCcCCL19b_b) exhibited significant attraction to primary head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). Meanwhile, both of rCcCCL19bs could promote the proliferation of HKLs, and significantly up-regulate the expressions of IL-1β, CCR7, and IL-6, and down-regulate the expression of IL-10 in primary HKLs. In vitro, rCcCCL19bs could bind and aggregate A. hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. The rCcCCL19bs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, but not S. aureus. Moreover, they inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila and S. aureus. In vivo, overexpression of CcCCL19bs contributed to the bacterial clearance. These studies suggested that CcCCL19bs orchestrate an antibacterial immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Yanjing Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu L, Wang J, Qin T, Chen K, Xie J, Xi B. Carvacrol Inhibits Quorum Sensing in Opportunistic Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2027. [PMID: 37630587 PMCID: PMC10459158 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in chemical communication between bacteria involving autoinducers and receptors and controls the production of virulence factors in bacteria. Therefore, reducing the concentration of signaling molecules in QS is an effective strategy for mitigating the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated that carvacrol at 15.625 μg/mL (1/4 MIC), a natural compound found in plants, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against QS in Chromobacterium violaceum, as evidenced by a significant reduction (62.46%) in violacein production. Based on its impressive performance, carvacrol was employed as a natural QS inhibitor to suppress the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-35. This study revealed a significant reduction (36.01%) in the concentration of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a QS signal molecular secreted by A. hydrophila NJ-35, after 1/4 MIC carvacrol treatment. Moreover, carvacrol was found to down-regulate the expression of ahyR/I, two key genes in the QS system, which further inhibited the QS system of A. hydrophila NJ-35. Finally, based on the above results and molecular docking, we proposed that carvacrol alleviate the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila NJ-35 through QS inhibition. These results suggest that carvacrol could serve as a potential strategy for reducing the virulence of pathogenic bacteria and minimizing the reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liushen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.L.); (T.Q.); (K.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Junwei Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China;
| | - Ting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.L.); (T.Q.); (K.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.L.); (T.Q.); (K.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.L.); (T.Q.); (K.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.L.); (T.Q.); (K.C.); (J.X.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China;
| |
Collapse
|