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Jimenez A, Winokur EJ. Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2023; 42:202-210. [PMID: 37219474 DOI: 10.1097/dcc.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a prominent neglected tropical disease endemic to many countries in Latin America. Cardiomyopathy is the most serious manifestation due to the severity and complications of heart failure. As a result of expanded immigration and globalization, there is an increased number of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy who are being admitted to hospitals in the United States. It is imperative as a critical care nurse to be educated on the nature of Chagas cardiomyopathy as it differs from the more commonly seen ischemic and nonischemic forms. This article provides an overview of the clinical course, management, and treatment options of Chagas cardiomyopathy.
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Schulz SI, Lang D, Schmuck G, Gerisch M, Bairlein M, Fricke R, Stass H. In vivo Metabolism of Nifurtimox and the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential Including its Major Metabolites. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:599-610. [PMID: 37592798 PMCID: PMC10661964 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230817114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nifurtimox is an effective treatment for patients with Chagas disease, but knowledge of its biotransformation and excretion is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to better understand the fate of oral nifurtimox in vivo. METHODS We investigated the exposure and excretion pathways of [14C]-labeled nifurtimox and its metabolites in rats. We then quantified the prominent metabolites and nifurtimox in the urine and plasma of patients receiving nifurtimox using LC-HRMS with reference standards and quantified these compounds in rat plasma after a single, high dose of nifurtimox. We also investigated potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of these compounds in vitro. RESULTS In rats, orally administered nifurtimox was rapidly absorbed (tmax 0.5 h) and eliminated (t½ 1.4 h). Metabolism of nifurtimox yielded six predominant metabolites (M-1 to M-6) in urine and plasma, and the dose was excreted equally via the renal and fecal routes with only traces of unchanged nifurtimox detectable due to its instability in excreta. In patients with Chagas disease, only M-6 and M-4 achieved relevant exposure levels, and the total amount of excreted metabolites in urine was higher in fed versus fasted patients, consistent with the higher systemic exposure. For nifurtimox, M-6, and M-4, no potential perpetrator pharmacokinetic DDIs with the main cytochrome P- 450 enzymes and drug transporters were identified in vitro. CONCLUSION This contemporary analysis of the complex metabolite profile and associated exposures emerging after oral dosing of nifurtimox in rats and humans, together with the expected low risk for clinically relevant DDIs, expands the understanding of this important anti-trypanosomal drug.
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Chagas Heart Disease: Beyond a Single Complication, from Asymptomatic Disease to Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247262. [PMID: 36555880 PMCID: PMC9784121 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated that 6 to 7 million people worldwide are infected, and it is predicted that it will be responsible for 200,000 deaths by 2025. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers Chagas disease (CD) as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), which must be acknowledged and detected in time, as it remains a clinical and diagnostic challenge in both endemic and non-endemic regions and at different levels of care. The literature on CC was analyzed by searching different databases (Medline, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO) from 1968 until October 2022. Multicenter and bioinformatics trials, systematic and bibliographic reviews, international guidelines, and clinical cases were included. The reference lists of the included papers were checked. No linguistic restrictions or study designs were applied. This review is intended to address the current incidence and prevalence of CD and to identify the main pathogenic mechanisms, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of CC.
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Arana Y, Gálvez RI, Jacobs T. Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Potential Therapeutic Options. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866120. [PMID: 35812458 PMCID: PMC9260015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected chronic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). A significant portion of infected people develops cardiac or digestive alterations over a lifetime. Since several chronic infections associated with antigen persistence and inflammation have been shown to lead to T cell exhaustion, new therapies targeting co-inhibitory receptors to regain T cell activity are under consideration. This study explored immune therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L pathway in an experimental model for CD. Infected PD-L1 knockout mice (PD-L1 KO) showed increased systemic parasitemia in blood although no significant differences in parasite load were observed in different organs. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in the frequency of activated T cells or proinflammatory cytokine production when compared to WT counterparts. PD-L1 deficiency led to the production of IL-10 by CD8+ T cells and an upregulation of Tim-3 and CD244 (2B4). Unexpectedly, the lack of PD-L1 did not contribute to a significantly improved T cell response to infection. Single blockade and combined blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 using monoclonal antibodies confirmed the results observed in infected. PD-L1 KO mice. Our results describe for the first time that the interruption of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during acute T. cruzi infection does not necessarily enhance the immune response against this parasite. Its interruption favors increased levels of parasitemia and sustained upregulation of other co-inhibitory receptors as well as the production of regulatory cytokines. These results suggest that the clinical application of immune therapeutic approaches targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CD might be risky and associated with adverse events. It highlights that more research is urgently needed to better understand the immune regulation of T cells in CD before designing immune therapeutic approaches for a clinical context.
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Gálvez RI, Jacobs T. Exhausted PD-1+ TOX+ CD8+ T Cells Arise Only in Long-Term Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866179. [PMID: 35720419 PMCID: PMC9203896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi remains the most important neglected zoonosis in Latin America. This infection does not lead to specific symptoms in the acute phase, but chronic infection can result in Chagas disease (CD) with cardiac and/or gastrointestinal manifestations that can lead to death. CD8+ T cells are highly effective and essential to control this infection, but fail to eliminate all parasites. In this study, we show that the CD8+ T cells are modulated by the transient induction of co-inhibitory receptors during acute infection of C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic intervention strategies with blocking antibodies only had a marginal effect on the elimination of parasite reservoirs. Only long-term chronic infection gave rise to dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, which were characterized by high expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and the co-expression of the transcription factor TOX, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the exhausted phenotype. PD-1+ TOX+ CD8+ T cells isolated from the site of infection produced significantly less IFN-γ, TNF-α and Granzyme B than their PD-1- TOX- CD8+ T cell counterparts after T. cruzi-specific stimulation ex vivo. Taken together, we provide evidence that, in the context of experimental infection of mice, the magnitude of the CD8+ T cell response in the acute phase is sufficient for parasite control and cannot be further increased by targeting co-inhibitory receptors. In contrast, persistent long-term chronic infection leads to an increase of exhausted T cells within the tissues of persistence. To our knowledge, this is the first description of infection-induced CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype and reduced cytokine production in muscles of T. cruzi-infected mice.
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Desquesnes M, Gonzatti M, Sazmand A, Thévenon S, Bossard G, Boulangé A, Gimonneau G, Truc P, Herder S, Ravel S, Sereno D, Jamonneau V, Jittapalapong S, Jacquiet P, Solano P, Berthier D. A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:64. [PMID: 35183235 PMCID: PMC8858479 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the most reliable and up-to-date methods for diagnosing trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of wild and domestic mammals, caused by trypanosomes, parasitic zooflagellate protozoans mainly transmitted by insects. In Africa, the Americas and Asia, these diseases, which in some cases affect humans, result in significant illness in animals and cause major economic losses in livestock. A number of pathogens are described in this review, including several Salivarian trypanosomes, such as Trypanosoma brucei sspp. (among which are the agents of sleeping sickness, the human African trypanosomiasis [HAT]), Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax (causing “Nagana” or animal African trypanosomosis [AAT]), Trypanosoma evansi (“Surra”) and Trypanosoma equiperdum (“Dourine”), and Trypanosoma cruzi, a Stercorarian trypanosome, etiological agent of the American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Diagnostic methods for detecting zoonotic trypanosomes causing Chagas disease and HAT in animals, as well as a diagnostic method for detecting animal trypanosomes in humans (the so-called “atypical human infections by animal trypanosomes” [a-HT]), including T. evansi and Trypanosoma lewisi (a rat parasite), are also reviewed. Our goal is to present an integrated view of the various diagnostic methods and techniques, including those for: (i) parasite detection; (ii) DNA detection; and (iii) antibody detection. The discussion covers various other factors that need to be considered, such as the sensitivity and specificity of the various diagnostic methods, critical cross-reactions that may be expected among Trypanosomatidae, additional complementary information, such as clinical observations and epizootiological context, scale of study and logistic and cost constraints. The suitability of examining multiple specimens and samples using several techniques is discussed, as well as risks to technicians, in the context of specific geographical regions and settings. This overview also addresses the challenge of diagnosing mixed infections with different Trypanosoma species and/or kinetoplastid parasites. Improving and strengthening procedures for diagnosing animal trypanosomoses throughout the world will result in a better control of infections and will significantly impact on “One Health,” by advancing and preserving animal, human and environmental health.
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A novel high-content phenotypic screen to identify inhibitors of mitochondrial DNA maintenance in trypanosomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0198021. [PMID: 34871097 PMCID: PMC8846439 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01980-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites cause diverse neglected diseases in humans and livestock, with an urgent need for new treatments. The survival of kinetoplastids depends on their uniquely structured mitochondrial genome (kDNA), the eponymous kinetoplast. Here, we report the development of a high-content screen for pharmacologically induced kDNA loss, based on specific staining of parasites and automated image analysis. As proof of concept, we screened a diverse set of ∼14,000 small molecules and exemplify a validated hit as a novel kDNA-targeting compound.
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Abstract
About half of the world's population and 80% of the world's biodiversity can be found in the tropics. Many diseases are specific to the tropics, with at least 41 diseases caused by endemic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Such diseases are of increasing concern, as the geographic range of tropical diseases is expanding due to climate change, urbanization, change in agricultural practices, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. While traditional medicines have been used for centuries in the treatment of tropical diseases, the active natural compounds within these medicines remain largely unknown. In this review, we describe infectious diseases specific to the tropics, including their causative pathogens, modes of transmission, recent major outbreaks, and geographic locations. We further review current treatments for these tropical diseases, carefully consider the biodiscovery potential of the tropical biome, and discuss a range of technologies being used for drug development from natural resources. We provide a list of natural products with antimicrobial activity, detailing the source organisms and their effectiveness as treatment. We discuss how technological advancements, such as next-generation sequencing, are driving high-throughput natural product screening pipelines to identify compounds with therapeutic properties. This review demonstrates the impact natural products from the vast tropical biome have in the treatment of tropical infectious diseases and how high-throughput technical capacity will accelerate this discovery process.
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Cordeiro TAR, de Resende MAC, Moraes SCDS, Franco DL, Pereira AC, Ferreira LF. Electrochemical biosensors for neglected tropical diseases: A review. Talanta 2021; 234:122617. [PMID: 34364426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A group of infectious and parasitic diseases with prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet, especially in places with difficult access, internal conflicts, poverty, and low visibility from the government and health agencies are classified as neglected tropical diseases. While some well-intentioned isolated groups are making the difference on a global scale, the number of new cases and deaths is still alarming. The development and employment of low-cost, miniaturized, and easy-to-use devices as biosensors could be the key to fast diagnosis in such areas leading to a better treatment to further eradication of such diseases. Therefore, this review contains useful information regarding the development of such devices in the past ten years (2010-2020). Guided by the updated list from the World Health Organization, the work evaluated the new trends in the biosensor field applied to the early detection of neglected tropical diseases, the efficiencies of the devices compared to the traditional techniques, and the applicability on-site for local distribution. So, we focus on Malaria, Chagas, Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Schistosomiasis, Leprosy, Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Lymphatic filariasis, and Rabies. Few papers were found concerning such diseases and there is no available commercial device in the market. The works contain information regarding the development of point-of-care devices, but there are only at proof of concepts stage so far. Details of electrode modification and construction of electrochemical biosensors were summarized in Tables. The demand for the eradication of neglected tropical diseases is increasing. The use of biosensors is pivotal for the cause, but appliable devices are scarce. The information present in this review can be useful for further development of biosensors in the hope of helping the world combat these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Aparecida Reis Cordeiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Cristina Dos Santos Moraes
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology - Laboratory of Electroanalytic Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering - Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil
| | - Diego Leoni Franco
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology - Laboratory of Electroanalytic Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering - Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil.
| | - Arnaldo César Pereira
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil.
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Gozzi-Silva SC, Benard G, Alberca RW, Yendo TM, Teixeira FME, Oliveira LDM, Beserra DR, Pietrobon AJ, de Oliveira EA, Branco ACCC, Andrade MMDS, Fernandes IG, Pereira NZ, Ramos YÁL, Lima JC, Provenci B, Mangini S, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and CMV Dissemination in Transplant Recipients as a Treatment for Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:22. [PMID: 33579042 PMCID: PMC7985779 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has infected over 90 million people worldwide, therefore it is considered a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and/or organ failure. Individuals receiving a heart transplantation (HT) may be at higher risk of adverse outcomes attributable to COVID-19 due to immunosuppressives, as well as concomitant infections that may also influence the prognoses. Herein, we describe the first report of two cases of HT recipients with concomitant infections by SARS-CoV-2, Trypanosoma cruzi, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) dissemination, from the first day of hospitalization due to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) until the death of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Tatiana Mina Yendo
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Danielle Rosa Beserra
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily Araujo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Mary de Souza Andrade
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Iara Grigoletto Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Julia Cataldo Lima
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Bruna Provenci
- Instituto do Coração (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine of University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (B.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandrigo Mangini
- Instituto do Coração (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine of University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (B.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Hzounda Fokou JB, Dize D, Etame Loe GM, Nko'o MHJ, Ngene JP, Ngoule CC, Boyom FF. Anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal natural products from endophytes. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:785-796. [PMID: 33409640 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-07035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi are parasites belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family and the causative agents for two very important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), namely leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, respectively. Together, they affect millions of people worldwide and the number of cases is constantly rising; thus, further effort on identifying and developing non-toxic, affordable and effective new drug is urgently needed to overcome this alarming situation. Exploring natural products from fungal and bacterial origin remains hitherto a valuable approach to find new hits and candidates for the development of new drugs against these protozoal human infections. Endophytes, which are microorganisms (fungal and bacterial) inhabiting plant tissues, represent a promising source, as they hold potential to produce a high number of distinct chemical scaffolds. These structurally diverse natural products have previously been successfully tested against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The present review provides an update of endophytic compounds exerting anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial effects and their predicted pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, PO Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon.
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Darline Dize
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gisele Marguerite Etame Loe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, PO Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Moise Henri Julien Nko'o
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, PO Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jean Pierre Ngene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, PO Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Charles Christian Ngoule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, PO Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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12
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Castillo-Garit JA, Barigye SJ, Pham-The H, Pérez-Doñate V, Torrens F, Pérez-Giménez F. Computational identification of chemical compounds with potential anti-Chagas activity using a classification tree. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:71-83. [PMID: 33455460 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1863857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is endemic to 21 Latin American countries and is a great public health problem in that region. Current chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory; consequently the need to search for new drugs persists. Here we present a new approach to identify novel compounds with potential anti-chagasic action. A large dataset of 584 compounds, obtained from the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, was selected to develop the computational model. Dragon software was used to calculate the molecular descriptors and WEKA software to obtain the classification tree. The best model shows accuracy greater than 93.4% for the training set; the tree was also validated using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure and through a test set, achieving accuracy values over 90.5% and 92.2%, correspondingly. The values of sensitivity and specificity were around 90% in all series; also the false alarm rate values were under 10.5% for all sets. In addition, a simulated ligand-based virtual screening for several compounds recently reported as promising anti-chagasic agents was carried out, yielding good agreement between predictions and experimental results. Finally, the present work constitutes an example of how this rational computer-based method can help reduce the cost and increase the rate in which novel compounds are developed against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Castillo-Garit
- Unidad de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara , Villa Clara, Cuba
- Unidad de Investigación de Diseño de Fármacos y Conectividad Molecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València , Valencia, Spain
| | - S J Barigye
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - H Pham-The
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Hanoi, Viet-nam
| | - V Pérez-Doñate
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera , Valencia, Spain
| | - F Torrens
- Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna , València, Spain
| | - F Pérez-Giménez
- Unidad de Investigación de Diseño de Fármacos y Conectividad Molecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València , Valencia, Spain
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13
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Ruiz-Márvez E, Ramírez CA, Rodríguez ER, Flórez MM, Delgado G, Guzmán F, Gómez-Puertas P, Requena JM, Puerta CJ. Molecular Characterization of Tc964, A Novel Antigenic Protein from Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2432. [PMID: 32244527 PMCID: PMC7177413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tc964 protein was initially identified by its presence in the interactome associated with the LYT1 mRNAs, which code for a virulence factor of Trypanosoma cruzi. Tc964 is annotated in the T. cruzi genome as a hypothetical protein. According to phylogenetic analysis, the protein is conserved in the different genera of the Trypanosomatidae family; however, recognizable orthologues were not identified in other groups of organisms. Therefore, as a first step, an in-depth molecular characterization of the Tc946 protein was carried out. Based on structural predictions and molecular dynamics studies, the Tc964 protein would belong to a particular class of GTPases. Subcellular fractionation analysis indicated that Tc964 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein. Additionally, the protein was expressed as a recombinant protein in order to analyze its antigenicity with sera from Chagas disease (CD) patients. Tc964 was found to be antigenic, and B-cell epitopes were mapped by the use of synthetic peptides. In parallel, the Leishmania major homologue (Lm964) was also expressed as recombinant protein and used for a preliminary evaluation of antigen cross-reactivity in CD patients. Interestingly, Tc964 was recognized by sera from Chronic CD (CCD) patients at different stages of disease severity, but no reactivity against this protein was observed when sera from Colombian patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were analyzed. Therefore, Tc964 would be adequate for CD diagnosis in areas where both infections (CD and leishmaniasis) coexist, even though additional assays using larger collections of sera are needed in order to confirm its usefulness for differential serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ruiz-Márvez
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 40- 62, Bogotá, Colombia; (E.R.-M.); (C.A.R.); (E.R.R.)
| | - César Augusto Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 40- 62, Bogotá, Colombia; (E.R.-M.); (C.A.R.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Eliana Rocío Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 40- 62, Bogotá, Colombia; (E.R.-M.); (C.A.R.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Magda Mellisa Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunotoxicología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 # 45-01, Bogota; Colombia; (M.M.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Gabriela Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunotoxicología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 # 45-01, Bogota; Colombia; (M.M.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Avenida Universidad 2373223, Curauma, Valparaiso-Chile;
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Grupo de Modelado Molecular del Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José María Requena
- Grupo Regulación de la Expresión Génica en Leishmania del Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Molecular Biology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Concepción J. Puerta
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 40- 62, Bogotá, Colombia; (E.R.-M.); (C.A.R.); (E.R.R.)
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14
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Souto EB, Dias-Ferreira J, Craveiro SA, Severino P, Sanchez-Lopez E, Garcia ML, Silva AM, Souto SB, Mahant S. Therapeutic Interventions for Countering Leishmaniasis and Chagas's Disease: From Traditional Sources to Nanotechnological Systems. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030119. [PMID: 31374930 PMCID: PMC6789685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neglected diseases in tropical countries, such as Leishmaniasis and Chagas's disease, is attributed to a set of biological and ecological factors associated with the socioeconomic context of developing countries and with a significant burden to health care systems. Both Leishmaniasis and Chagas's disease are caused by different protozoa and develop diverse symptoms, which depend on the specific species infecting man. Currently available drugs to treat these disorders have limited therapeutic outcomes, frequently due to microorganisms' drug resistance. In recent years, significant efforts have been made towards the development of innovative drug delivery systems aiming to improve bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of classical drug therapy. This paper discusses the key facts of Leishmaniasis and Chagas's disease, the currently available pharmacological therapies and the new drug delivery systems for conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara A Craveiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, Paranhos, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
- University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Industrial Biotechnology Program, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB-UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of Braga Hospital, Sete Fontes, 4710-243 São Victor, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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15
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Chagas Cardiomyopathy: Evidence in Medical and Nutritional Management. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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de Buhr N, Bonilla MC, Jimenez-Soto M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Dolz G. Extracellular Trap Formation in Response to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Granulocytes Isolated From Dogs and Common Opossums, Natural Reservoir Hosts. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:966. [PMID: 29867870 PMCID: PMC5962733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes mediate the first line of defense against infectious diseases in humans as well as animals and they are well known as multitasking cells. They can mediate antimicrobial activity by different strategies depending on the pathogen they encounter. Besides phagocytosis, a key strategy against extracellular pathogens is the formation of extracellular traps (ETs). Those ETs mainly consist of DNA decorated with antimicrobial components and mediate entrapment of various pathogens. In the last years, various studies described ET formation as response to bacteria, viruses and parasites e.g., Trypanosma (T.) cruzi. Nevertheless, it is not fully understood, if ET formation helps the immune system to eliminate intracellular parasites. The goal of this study was to analyze ET formation in response to the intracellular parasite Trypanosma (T.) cruzi by granulocytes derived from animals that serve as natural reservoir. Thus, we investigated the ET formation in two T. cruzi reservoirs, namely dogs as domestic animal and common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) as wild animal. Granulocytes were harvested from fresh blood by density gradient centrifugation and afterwards incubated with T. cruzi. We conducted the analysis by determination of free DNA and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using both methods, we show that T. cruzi efficiently induces ET formation in granulocytes derived from common opossum as well as dog blood. Most ETs from both animal species as response to T. cruzi are decorated with the protease neutrophil elastase. Since T. cruzi is well known to circulate over years in both analyzed animals as reservoirs, it may be assumed that T. cruzi efficiently evades ET-mediated killing in those animals. Therefore, ETs may not play a major role in efficient elimination of the pathogen from the blood of dogs or common opossums as T. cruzi survives in niches of their body. The characterization of granulocytes in various animals and humans may be helpful to understand the anti-pathogenic capacity and overall role of ETs against zoonotic pathogens like T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marta C Bonilla
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gaby Dolz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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