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Mamaeva EA, Soloveva MV, Solovev MV, Kovrigina AM, Danilina TP, Mendeleeva LP. Clinical features of multiple myeloma with bone plasmacytomas. ONCOHEMATOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-1-48-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Mamaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. V. Soloveva
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. V. Solovev
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. M. Kovrigina
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. P. Danilina
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - L. P. Mendeleeva
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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Vaxman I, Gertz MA. How I approach smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood 2022; 140:828-838. [PMID: 35576526 PMCID: PMC9412010 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care in smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is close surveillance, outside of clinical trials. Efforts are being made to understand the pathobiologic process that leads to the progression of SMM to active MM. This review provides a critical description of available data, including risk factors and risk models of progression, as well as clinical trials investigating interventions for this patient population. We describe 2 cases in which patients were seen before the concept of a myeloma-defining event was established. Today, based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, both patients would have been identified as experiencing myeloma-defining events, and therapy would have been initiated. These cases show that occasionally, patients can undergo observation only, even when they exceed criteria for high-risk SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Vaxman
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; and
- Department of Hematology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Forster S, Radpour R. Molecular Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Multiple Myeloma Dissemination and Extramedullary Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941437. [PMID: 35847862 PMCID: PMC9284036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant monoclonal disease of plasma cells. Aside from classical chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies are used in the current treatment scheme of MM. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of numerous solid and non-solid cancer entities. In MM, the survival and expansion of malignant plasma cell clones heavily depends on various direct and indirect signaling pathways provided by the surrounding bone marrow (BM) niche. In a number of MM patients, single plasma cell clones lose their BM dependency and are capable to engraft at distant body sites or organs. The resulting condition is defined as an extramedullary myeloma (EMM). EMMs are highly aggressive disease stages linked to a dismal prognosis. Emerging literature demonstrates that the dynamic interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells affect myeloma dissemination. In this review, we aim to summarize how the cellular and non-cellular BM compartments can promote plasma cells to exit their BM niche and metastasize to distant intra-or extramedullary locations. In addition, we list selected therapy concepts that directly target the TME with the potential to prevent myeloma spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ramin Radpour,
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Kundu S, Jha SB, Rivera AP, Flores Monar GV, Islam H, Puttagunta SM, Islam R, Sange I. Multiple Myeloma and Renal Failure: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management. Cureus 2022; 14:e22585. [PMID: 35371791 PMCID: PMC8958144 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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MacDougall KN, Rafay Khan Niazi M, Rehan M, Xue W, Dhar M. Immunoglobulin D Multiple Myeloma: A Rare Variant. Cureus 2022; 14:e21912. [PMID: 35273861 PMCID: PMC8901155 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin D multiple myeloma (IgD MM) is a rare isotype of multiple myeloma (MM), comprising less than 2% of all cases. It is often associated with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, an aggressive clinical course, and shorter overall survival (OS) than other subtypes of MM. There is an increased frequency of undetectable or small monoclonal (M-) protein levels on electrophoresis, hypercalcemia, anemia, lytic bony lesions, and renal failure. However, given the rarity of the disease, there are few cases of IgD MM described in the literature. Given the very small amount of IgD immunoglobulins, they may form very small or undetectable M spike on electrophoresis, making the diagnostic error in diagnosing this specific subgroup very easy. Treatment for MM has seen significant advancement, especially over the last decade, with the advent of medications such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and monoclonal antibodies. It is important to understand how IgD MM responds to these newer agents and why this disease continues to be associated with poor outcomes despite advancements in treatment. Small clinical studies on patients with IgD MM show better outcomes following a combination of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) compared to standard chemotherapy. Given the rarity of the disease, there are no large studies done to see the effectiveness of these treatments, and most of the data are derived from small case series. We report a case of IgD kappa MM that was incidentally discovered following a traumatic bicycle accident. The patient started treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) as an inpatient while he was in the rehabilitation unit and was later switched to bortezomib, dexamethasone, and lenalidomide (VRd) as an outpatient. He has now completed seven cycles and successfully underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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6
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Mann H, Katiyar V, Varga C, Comenzo RL. Smoldering multiple myeloma - Past, present, and future. Blood Rev 2021; 52:100869. [PMID: 34312016 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) routinely precedes the development of multiple myeloma. While some patients experience aggressive disease, others have more indolent courses akin to those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Much effort has been made to understand the pathobiological basis of this heterogeneity. Scientific advancements have led to the emergence of various clinical and genomic markers of relevance, translating into evolution of disease definitions over time. More recently, the interest in manipulation of biological pathways has intensified in a bid to stall or halt disease progression. Studies with lenalidomide have exemplified the promise of early intervention, whereas numerous therapeutic approaches remain the subject of ongoing clinical investigation. This review summarizes the historic progress made in defining SMM as a distinct clinicopathologic entity, provides a critical appraisal of the evidence guiding risk assessment, and suggests a pragmatic approach to its modern-day management. Finally, an overview of developments on the horizon is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Mann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The John Conant Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vatsala Katiyar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cindy Varga
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The John Conant Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The John Conant Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Rosiñol L, Beksac M, Zamagni E, Van de Donk NWCJ, Anderson KC, Badros A, Caers J, Cavo M, Dimopoulos MA, Dispenzieri A, Einsele H, Engelhardt M, Fernández de Larrea C, Gahrton G, Gay F, Hájek R, Hungria V, Jurczyszyn A, Kröger N, Kyle RA, Leal da Costa F, Leleu X, Lentzsch S, Mateos MV, Merlini G, Mohty M, Moreau P, Rasche L, Reece D, Sezer O, Sonneveld P, Usmani SZ, Vanderkerken K, Vesole DH, Waage A, Zweegman S, Richardson PG, Bladé J. Expert review on soft-tissue plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma: definition, disease assessment and treatment considerations. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:496-507. [PMID: 33724461 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, two types of soft-tissue involvement in multiple myeloma are defined: (i) extramedullary (EMD) with haematogenous spread involving only soft tissues and (ii) paraskeletal (PS) with tumour masses arising from skeletal lesions. The incidence of EMD and PS plasmacytomas at diagnosis ranges from 1·7% to 4·5% and 7% to 34·4% respectively. EMD disease is often associated with high-risk cytogenetics, resistance to therapy and worse prognosis than in PS involvement. In patients with PS involvement a proteasome inhibitor-based regimen may be the best option followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in transplant eligible patients. In patients with EMD disease who are not eligible for ASCT, a proteasome inhibitor-based regimen such as lenalidomide-bortezomib-dexamethasone (RVD) may be the best option, while for those eligible for high-dose therapy a myeloma/lymphoma-like regimen such as bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD)-RVD/cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide (PACE) followed by SCT should be considered. In both EMD and PS disease at relapse many strategies have been tried, but this remains a high-unmet need population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rosiñol
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Zamagni
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartamento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Ashraf Badros
- University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jo Caers
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michele Cavo
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartamento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Interdisciplinary Tumor Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Gösta Gahrton
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Gay
- Myeloma Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Medical College Department of Hematology, Jagiellanian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clínic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Multiple Myeloma and Amyloidosis Service, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria V Mateos
- IBSAL, Cancer Research Center, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Department of molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne University, París, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Donna Reece
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department Hematology and Immunology, Vriji Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David H Vesole
- John Theurer Cancer, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensat, NJ, USA
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, NTNU Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan Bladé
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kuang C, Zhu Y, Guan Y, Xia J, Ouyang J, Liu G, Hao M, Liu J, Guo J, Zhang W, Feng X, Li X, Zhang J, Wu X, Xu H, Li G, Xie L, Fan S, Qiu L, Zhou W. COX2 confers bone marrow stromal cells to promoting TNFα/TNFR1β-mediated myeloma cell growth and adhesion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:643-659. [PMID: 33646559 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been implicated in multiple myeloma (MM) progression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Therefore, we aimed to explore key factors in BMSCs that contribute to MM development. METHODS RNA-sequencing was used to perform gene expression profiling in BMSCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to determine the concentrations of PGE2 and TNFα in sera and conditioned media (CM). Western blotting, qRT-PCR and IHC were used to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in BMSCs and to analyze the regulation of TNFα by COX2. Cell growth and adhesion assays were employed to explore the function of COX2 in vitro. A 5T33MMvt-KaLwRij mouse model was used to study the effects of COX2 inhibition in vivo. RESULTS COX2 was found to be upregulated in MM patient-derived BMSCs and to play a critical role in BMSC-induced MM cell proliferation and adhesion. Administration of PGE2 to CM derived from BMSCs promoted MM cell proliferation and adhesion. Conversely, inhibition of COX2 in BMSCs greatly compromised BMSC-induced MM cell proliferation and adhesion. PCR array-based analysis of inflammatory cytokines indicated that COX2 upregulates the expression of TNFα. Subsequent rescue assays showed that an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody could antagonize COX2-mediated MM cell proliferation and adhesion. Administration of NS398, a specific COX2 inhibitor, inhibited in vivo tumor growth and improved the survival of 5TMM mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that COX2 contributes to BMSC-induced MM proliferation and adhesion by increasing the secretion of PGE2 and TNFα. Targeting COX2 in BMSCs may serve as a potential therapeutic approach of treating MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Kuang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yongjun Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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9
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease despite great advances in its therapeutic landscape. Increasing evidence supports the belief that immune dysfunction plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Recent efforts have focused on harnessing the immune system to exert anti-myeloma effects with encouraging outcomes. First-in-class anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, daratumumab, now forms part of standard treatment regimens in relapsed and refractory settings and is shifting to front-line treatments. However, a non-negligible number of patients will progress and be triple refractory from the first line of treatment. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are being developed in a heavily pretreated setting with outstanding results. Belantamab mafodotin-blmf has already received approval and other anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) therapies (CARs and bispecific antibodies are expected to be integrated in therapeutic options against myeloma soon. Nonetheless, immunotherapy faces different challenges in terms of efficacy and safety, and manufacturing and economic drawbacks associated with such a line of therapy pose additional obstacles to broadening its use. In this review, we described the most important clinical data on immunotherapeutic agents, delineated the limitations that lie in immunotherapy, and provided potential insights to overcome such issues.
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Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in the Carcinogenesis Hallmarks: Is This a Phenomenon or Epiphenomenon? Cells 2019; 8:cells8080896. [PMID: 31416286 PMCID: PMC6721698 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
If occupational tumors are excluded, cancer causes are largely unknown. Therefore, it appeared useful to work out a theory explaining the complexity of this disease. More than fifty years ago the first demonstration that cells communicate with each other by exchanging ions or small molecules through the participation of connexins (Cxs) forming Gap Junctions (GJs) occurred. Then the involvement of GJ Intercellular Communication (GJIC) in numerous physiological cellular functions, especially in proliferation control, was proven and accounts for the growing attention elicited in the field of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present paper is to verify and discuss the role of Cxs, GJs, and GJIC in cancer hallmarks, pointing on the different involved mechanisms in the context of the multi-step theory of carcinogenesis. Functional GJIC acts both as a tumor suppressor and as a tumor enhancer in the metastatic stage. On the contrary, lost or non-functional GJs allow the uncontrolled proliferation of stem/progenitor initiated cells. Thus, GJIC plays a key role in many biological phenomena or epiphenomena related to cancer. Depending on this complexity, GJIC can be considered a tumor suppressor in controlling cell proliferation or a cancer ally, with possible preventive or therapeutic implications in both cases.
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Moloudizargari M, Abdollahi M, Asghari MH, Zimta AA, Neagoe IB, Nabavi SM. The emerging role of exosomes in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100595. [PMID: 31445775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the most prevalent hematological malignancies, accounts for approximately 10% of all blood cancers. In spite of the recent advancements in MM therapy, this malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells (PCs) continues to remain a hard-to-cure disease due to the emergence of drug resistance and frequent relapses. It is now well-established that the tumor-supportive involvement of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) including the cellular and non-cellular elements are the major causes behind treatment failures of MM as well as its main complications such as osteolytic bone loss. Exosomes (EXs) are membranous structures that carry signaling molecules and have recently received a great deal of attention as important mediators of inter-cellular communication in health and disease. EXs involve in the growth and drug resistance of many tumors via delivering their rich contents of bioactive molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, signaling molecules, etc. With regard to MM, many studies have reported that EXs are among the main culprits playing key roles in the vicious network within the BMM of these patients. The main producers of EXs that largely contribute to MM pathogenesis are bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as MM cells themselves. These cell types produce large amounts of EXs that affect a variety of target cells including natural killer (NK) cells, osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) to the advantage of tumor survival and progression. These EXs contain a different profile of proteins and miRNAs from that of EXs obtained from their counterparts in healthy individuals. MM patients exhibit distinguishable elevations in some of their contents such as miR-21, miR-146a, let-7b and miR-18a, while some molecules like miR-15a are markedly downregulated in EXs of MM patients compared to healthy individuals. These findings make EXs desirable biomarkers for early prediction of disease progression and drug resistance in the context of MM. On the other hand, due to the tumor-supportive role of EXs, targeting these structures in parallel to the conventional therapeutic regimens may be a promising approach to a successful anti-MM therapy. In the present work, an extensive review of the literature has been carried out to highlight the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Alina Andreea Zimta
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Taylor EB, Ryan MJ. Freedom isn't always free: immunoglobulin free light chains promote renal fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2660-2662. [PMID: 31205026 DOI: 10.1172/jci129704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relatively common hematologic malignancy, and up to half of patients with MM present with renal dysfunction at the time of diagnosis. MM-associated renal injury has been linked to an excess level of monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in the circulation; however, it is not clear how these FLCs drive renal pathology. In this issue of the JCI, Ying et al. unravel a novel mechanism by which FLCs mediate renal injury in MM by inducing fibrotic and inflammatory pathways in the kidney. Specifically, FLC-mediated production of H2O2 was shown to activate JAK2/STAT1 signaling, increase production of IL-1β via induction of capsase-1, and promote activation of TGF-β via αvβ6 integrin. Moreover, the authors identified a tryptophan residue within a specific monoclonal FLC that was required for optimal H2O2 production and downstream signaling. A better understanding of the drivers of MM-associated renal injury has potential for the identification of promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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13
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Singh S, Rath A, Yadav S. Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia: Case report and review of the literature. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2019; 18:e397-e401. [PMID: 30607287 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2018.18.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is one of the most aggressive and rarest forms of plasma cell dyscrasia. However, the diagnostic criteria for this condition have not yet been revised and there is no specific treatment to significantly improve the course of the disease. We report a 69-year-old male who presented to the Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India, in 2017 with dyspnoea and chest pain. A peripheral blood smear showed an absolute plasma cell count of 2.16 × 109/L. A bone marrow examination showed 61% atypical plasma cells exhibiting kappa light chain restriction. Biochemical investigations were consistent with a diagnosis of primary PCL with renal involvement. Bortezomib-based chemotherapy was initiated, which resulted in an improvement in the patient's haematological and biochemical parameters. This case report includes a comprehensive review of the clinical and diagnostic features, pathobiology and treatment of PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Singh
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Surekha Yadav
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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14
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Oscillating expression of interleukin-16 in multiple myeloma is associated with proliferation, clonogenic growth, and PI3K/NFKB/MAPK activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49253-49263. [PMID: 28512269 PMCID: PMC5564765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy emerging from a plasma cell clone located in the bone marrow and is characterized by a high rate of fatal relapses after initially effective treatment. We have previously identified Interleukin-16 (IL-16) as an important factor promoting the proliferation of MM cells. We demonstrate here an upregulated, periodic expression, and secretion of IL-16 by MM cells leading to high extracellular IL-16 levels. The level of IL-16 released from a given MM cell line correlated with its proliferative activity. Establishing an inducible knockdown system and performing gene expression arrays we observed an association between IL-16 expression and activation of PI3, NFκB and MAP kinase pathways and, specifically, genes involved in tumor cell proliferation. Functional assays showed that IL-16 knockdown reduced the proliferative activity with a significant delay in cell cycle progression to G2 phase of conventional MM cells and completely suppressed the growth of clonogenic MM cells, which are suspected to be responsible for the high relapse rates in MM. Overall, our results demonstrate that tumor-regenerating MM cells may be particularly susceptible to IL-16 neutralization, suggesting an important role of anti-IL-16 therapies in the treatment of MM, particularly in combination with existing strategies targeting the bulk of myeloma cells.
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15
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Ring ES, Lawson MA, Snowden JA, Jolley I, Chantry AD. New agents in the Treatment of Myeloma Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:196-209. [PMID: 29098361 PMCID: PMC5805798 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma develop a devastating bone disease driven by the uncoupling of bone remodelling, excess osteoclastic bone resorption and diminished osteoblastic bone formation. The bone phenotype is typified by focal osteolytic lesions leading to pathological fractures, hypercalcaemia and other catastrophic bone events such as spinal cord compression. This causes bone pain, impaired functional status, decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Early in the disease, malignant plasma cells occupy a niche environment that encompasses their interaction with other key cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment. Through these interactions, osteoclast-activating factors and osteoblast inhibitory factors are produced, which together uncouple the dynamic process of bone remodelling, leading to net bone loss and focal osteolytic lesions. Current management includes antiresorptive therapies, i.e. bisphosphonates, palliative support and orthopaedic interventions. Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment for myeloma bone disease (MBD), but are only partially effective and do have some significant disadvantages; for example, they do not lead to the repair of existing bone destruction. Thus, newer agents to prevent bone destruction and also promote bone formation and repair existing lesions are warranted. This review summarises novel ways that MBD is being therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Ring
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Bone Centre, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ingrid Jolley
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Bone Centre, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Hansford BG, Silbermann R. Advanced Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:436. [PMID: 30131767 PMCID: PMC6090033 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of mature plasma cells, is the second most common hematologic malignancy and the most frequent cancer to involve the skeleton (1, 2). Bone disease in MM patients is characterized by lytic bone lesions that can result in pathologic fractures and severe pain. While recent advances in MM therapy have significantly increased the median survival of newly diagnosed patients (3), skeletal lesions and their sequelae continue to be a major source of patient morbidity and mortality and bone pain is the most frequent presenting symptom of MM patients (4). Rapid improvements in imaging technology now allow physicians to identify ever smaller skeletal and bone marrow abnormalities, however the clinical value of subtle radiographic findings is not always clear. This review summarizes currently available technologies for assessing MM bone disease and provides guidance for how to choose between imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry G. Hansford
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rebecca Silbermann
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Silbermann
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17
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Ejtehadifar M, Halabian R, Fooladi AAI, Ghazavi A, Mosayebi G. Anti-cancer effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin type B on U266 cells co-cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhou D, Sun Y, Wang P, Ju S, Chen P, Li J, Fu J. Impact of connexin 43 coupling on survival and migration of multiple myeloma cells. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1335-1346. [PMID: 29181063 PMCID: PMC5701698 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.71065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gap junctions (GJs) represent the best known intercellular communication (IC) system and are membrane-spanning channels that facilitate intercellular communication by allowing small signaling molecules to pass from cell to cell. In this study, we constructed an amino terminus of human Cx43 (Cx43NT-GFP), verified the overexpression of Cx43-NT in HUVEC cells and explored the impact of gap junctions (GJs) on multiple myeloma (MM). MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of phosphorylated Cx43(s368) and the change of MAPK pathway associated molecules (ERK1/2, JNK, p38, NFκB) were also investigated in our cell models. Cx43 mRNA and proteins were detected in both MM cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dye transfer assays demonstrated that gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) occurring via Cx43 situated between MM and MSCs or MM and HUVECCx43NT is functional. RESULTS Our results present evidence for a channel-dependent modulator action of connexin 43 on the migratory activity of MM cells toward MSCs or HUVECCx43-N was higher than those of spontaneous migration (p < 0.05) and protection them from apoptosis in the presence of dexamethasone via cytokines secretion. In the meantime, the migration of MM cells involves an augmented response of p38 and JNK signaling pathway of carboxyl tail of the protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GJIC between MM and MSCs is one of the essential factors in tumor cell proliferation and drug sensitivity, and is implicated in MM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Panjun Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songguang Ju
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Fu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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19
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Brunetti G, Faienza MF, Colaianni G, Grano M, Colucci S. Mechanisms of Altered Bone Remodeling in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-017-9236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Lin L, Zhang X, Cao L, An Q, Hao J, Zhang Y, Jin R, Chang Y, Huang X, Lu J, Ge Q. Reelin promotes adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to bone marrow stromal cells via integrin β1 signaling. J Cancer 2017; 8:2212-2222. [PMID: 28819423 PMCID: PMC5560138 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The close interaction between tumor cells and bone marrow stromal cells plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, is found expressed in myeloma cells and is negatively associated with prognosis. We examined the role of Reelin in myeloma cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells and the signaling pathways involved. The results revealed that Reelin promoted the adhesion of myeloma cells to HS-5, a bone marrow stromal cell line, via the activation of β1 integrin. The resulting phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) led to the activation of Syk/STAT3 and Akt. Reelin's high affinity receptor ApoER2 indirectly modulated the adhesion of myeloma cells by promoting Reelin expression via Sp1. These findings indicate an important role for Reelin/integrin-β1-induced myeloma cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Reelin/integrin/FAK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Quanming An
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China, 100044
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China, 100044
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China, 100044
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
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21
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The role of free kappa and lambda light chains in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:632-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Park BM, Kim EJ, Nam HJ, Zhang D, Bae CH, Kang M, Kim H, Lee W, Bogen B, Lim SK. Cyclized Oligopeptide Targeting LRP5/6-DKK1 Interaction Reduces the Growth of Tumor Burden in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:505-513. [PMID: 28332354 PMCID: PMC5368134 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) has been extensively investigated in mouse models of multiple myeloma, which results in osteolytic bone lesions. Elevated DKK1 levels in bone marrow plasma and serum inhibit the differentiation of osteoblast precursors. Present pharmaceutical approaches to target bone lesions are limited to antiresorptive agents. In this study, we developed a cyclized oligopeptide against DKK1-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6 interaction and tested the effects of the oligopeptide on tumor burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cyclized oligopeptide based on DKK1-LRP5/6 interactions was synthesized chemically, and its nuclear magnetic resonance structure was assessed. Luciferase reporter assay and mRNA expressions of osteoblast markers were evaluated after oligopeptide treatment. MOPC315.BM.Luc cells were injected into the tail vein of mice, after which cyclized oligopeptide was delivered subcutaneously 6 days a week for 4 weeks. RESULTS The cyclized oligopeptide containing NXI motif bound to the E1 domain of LRP5/6 effectively on surface plasmon resonance analysis. It abrogated the Wnt-β-catenin signaling inhibited by DKK1, but not by sclerostin, dose dependently. RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase staining showed increased expressions of osteoblast markers according to the treatment concentrations. Bioluminescence images showed that the treatment of cyclized oligopeptide reduced tumor burden more in oligopeptide treated group than in the vehicle group. CONCLUSION The cyclized oligopeptide reported here may be another option for the treatment of tumor burden in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Nam
- Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chu Hyun Bae
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeongmo Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sung Kil Lim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Asimakopoulos F, Hope C, Johnson MG, Pagenkopf A, Gromek K, Nagel B. Extracellular matrix and the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment: balancing tolerogenic and immunogenic inflammation in the myeloma niche. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:265-275. [PMID: 28254840 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1116-468r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 10-15 years have witnessed a revolution in treating multiple myeloma, an incurable cancer of Ab-producing plasma cells. Advances in myeloma therapy were ushered in by novel agents that remodel the myeloma immune microenvironment. The first generation of novel agents included immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide analogs) and proteasome inhibitors that target crucial pathways that regulate immunity and inflammation, such as NF-κB. This paradigm continued with the recent regulatory approval of mAbs (elotuzumab, daratumumab) that impact both tumor cells and associated immune cells. Moreover, recent clinical data support checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy in myeloma. With the success of these agents has come the growing realization that the myeloid infiltrate in myeloma lesions-what we collectively call the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment-variably sustains or deters tumor cells by shaping the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche and by promoting or antagonizing immune-modulating therapies. The myeloid-in-myeloma compartment includes myeloma-associated macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived-suppressor cells. These cell types reflect variable states of differentiation and activation of tumor-infiltrating cells derived from resident myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow-the canonical myeloma niche-or myeloid cells that seed both canonical and extramedullary, noncanonical niches. Myeloma-infiltrating myeloid cells engage in crosstalk with extracellular matrix components, stromal cells, and tumor cells. This complex regulation determines the composition, activation state, and maturation of the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment as well as the balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic inflammation in the niche. Redressing this balance may be a crucial determinant for the success of antimyeloma immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly Gromek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bradley Nagel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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24
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Zahedi S, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadehlaleh P. NF-Kβ Activation in U266 Cells on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:415-422. [PMID: 27766226 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are one of the essential members of Bone Marrow (BM) microenvironment and the cells affect normal and malignant cells in BM milieu. One of the most important hematological malignancies is Multiple Myeloma (MM). Numerous studies reported various effects of MSCs on myeloma cells. MSCs initiate various signaling pathways in myeloma cells, particularly NF-kβ. NF-kβ signaling pathway plays pivotal role in the survival, proliferation and resistance of myeloma cells to the anticancer drugs, therefore this pathway can be said to be a vital target for cancer therapy. This study examined the relationship between U266 cells and MSCs. Methods: U266 cells were cultured with Umbilical Cord Blood derived-MSCs (UCB-MSCs) and Conditioned Medium (C.M). Effect of UCB-MSCs and C.M on proliferation rate and CD54 expression of U266 cells were examined with MTT assay and Flowcytometry respectively. Furthermore, expression of CXCL1, PECAM-1, JUNB, CCL2, CD44, CCL4, IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR). Moreover, status of p65 protein in NF-kβ pathway assessed by western blotting. Results: Our findings confirm that UCB-MSCs support U266 cells proliferation and they increase CD54 expression. In addition, we demonstrate that UCB-MSCs alter the expression of CCL4, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1 and the levels of phosphorylated p65 in U266 cells. Conclusion: Our study provides a novel sight to the role of MSCs in the activation of NF-kβ signaling pathway. So, NF-kβ signaling pathway will be targeted in future therapies against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zahedi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Xu L, Mohammad KS, Wu H, Crean C, Poteat B, Cheng Y, Cardoso AA, Machal C, Hanenberg H, Abonour R, Kacena MA, Chirgwin J, Suvannasankha A, Srour EF. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD166 Drives Malignant Progression and Osteolytic Disease in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6901-6910. [PMID: 27634757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is incurable once osteolytic lesions have seeded at skeletal sites, but factors mediating this deadly pathogenic advance remain poorly understood. Here, we report evidence of a major role for the cell adhesion molecule CD166, which we discovered to be highly expressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and primary bone marrow cells from patients. CD166+ multiple myeloma cells homed more efficiently than CD166- cells to the bone marrow of engrafted immunodeficient NSG mice. CD166 silencing in multiple myeloma cells enabled longer survival, a smaller tumor burden, and less osteolytic lesions, as compared with mice bearing control cells. CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cell lines or CD138+ bone marrow cells from multiple myeloma patients compromised their ability to induce bone resorption in an ex vivo organ culture system. Furthermore, CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cells also reduced the formation of osteolytic disease in vivo after intratibial engraftment. Mechanistic investigation revealed that CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells inhibited osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow-derived osteoblast progenitors by suppressing Runx2 gene expression. Conversely, CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells promoted osteoclastogenesis by activating TRAF6-dependent signaling pathways in osteoclast progenitors. Overall, our results define CD166 as a pivotal director in multiple myeloma cell homing to the bone marrow and multiple myeloma progression, rationalizing its further study as a candidate therapeutic target for multiple myeloma treatment. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6901-10. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Colin Crean
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bradley Poteat
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yinghua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John Chirgwin
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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26
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Citrullination of histone H3 drives IL-6 production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MGUS and multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2016; 31:373-381. [PMID: 27400413 PMCID: PMC5292682 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable plasma cell malignancy, requires localisation within the bone marrow. This microenvironment facilitates crucial interactions between the cancer cells and stromal cell types that permit the tumour to survive and proliferate. There is increasing evidence that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) is stably altered in patients with MM-a phenotype also postulated to exist in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) a benign condition that precedes MM. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which increased expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) by BMMSCs in patients with MGUS and MM directly alters malignant plasma cell phenotype. We identify PADI2 as one of the most highly upregulated transcripts in BMMSCs from both MGUS and MM patients, and that through its enzymatic deimination of histone H3 arginine 26, PADI2 activity directly induces the upregulation of interleukin-6 expression. This leads to the acquisition of resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, bortezomib, by malignant plasma cells. We therefore describe a novel mechanism by which BMMSC dysfunction in patients with MGUS and MM directly leads to pro-malignancy signalling through the citrullination of histone H3R26.
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27
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Bone microenvironment-mediated resistance of cancer cells to bisphosphonates and impact on bone osteocytes/stem cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:563-88. [PMID: 27155840 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-resorptive bisphosphonates (BPs) have been clinically used to prevent cancer-bone metastasis and cancer-induced bone pathologies despite the fact that the phenotypic response of the cancer-bone interactions to BP exposure is "uncharted territory". This study offers unique insights into the interplay between cancer stem cells and osteocytes/osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells using a three-dimensional (3D) live cancer-bone interactive model. We provide extraordinary cryptic details of the biological events that occur as a result of alendronate (ALN) treatment using 3D live cancer-bone model systems under specific bone remodeling stages. While cancer cells are susceptible to BP treatment in the absence of bone, they are totally unaffected in the presence of bone. Cancer cells colonize live bone irrespective of whether the bone is committed to bone resorption or formation and hence, cancer-bone metastasis/interactions are though to be "independent of bone remodeling stages". In our 3D live bone model systems, ALN inhibited bone resorption at the osteoclast differentiation level through effects of mineral-bound ALN on osteocytes and osteoblasts. The mineral-bound ALN rendered bone incapable of osteoblast differentiation, while cancer cells colonize the bone with striking morphological adaptations which led to a conclusion that a direct anti-cancer effect of BPs in a "live or in vivo" bone microenvironment is implausible. The above studies were complemented with mass spectrometric analysis of the media from cancer-bone organ cultures in the absence and presence of ALN. The mineral-bound ALN impacts the bone organs by limiting transformation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts and leads to diminished endosteal cell population and degenerated osteocytes within the mineralized bone matrix.
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28
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Raimondi L, De Luca A, Amodio N, Manno M, Raccosta S, Taverna S, Bellavia D, Naselli F, Fontana S, Schillaci O, Giardino R, Fini M, Tassone P, Santoro A, De Leo G, Giavaresi G, Alessandro R. Involvement of multiple myeloma cell-derived exosomes in osteoclast differentiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13772-89. [PMID: 25944696 PMCID: PMC4537049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disease is the most frequent complication in multiple myeloma (MM) resulting in osteolytic lesions, bone pain, hypercalcemia and renal failure. In MM bone disease the perfect balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) activity is lost in favour of OCs, thus resulting in skeletal disorders. Since exosomes have been described for their functional role in cancer progression, we here investigate whether MM cell-derived exosomes may be involved in OCs differentiation. We show that MM cells produce exosomes which are actively internalized by Raw264.7 cell line, a cellular model of osteoclast formation. MM cell-derived exosomes positively modulate pre-osteoclast migration, through the increasing of CXCR4 expression and trigger a survival pathway. MM cell-derived exosomes play a significant pro-differentiative role in murine Raw264.7 cells and human primary osteoclasts, inducing the expression of osteoclast markers such as Cathepsin K (CTSK), Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP). Pre-osteoclast treated with MM cell-derived exosomes differentiate in multinuclear OCs able to excavate authentic resorption lacunae. Similar results were obtained with exosomes derived from MM patient's sera. Our data indicate that MM-exosomes modulate OCs function and differentiation. Further studies are needed to identify the OCs activating factors transported by MM cell-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Raimondi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Odessa Schillaci
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santoro
- Divisione di Ematologia A.O. Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy.,Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
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29
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de la Puente P, Quan N, Hoo RS, Muz B, Gilson RC, Luderer M, King J, Achilefu S, Salama NN, Vij R, Azab AK. Newly established myeloma-derived stromal cell line MSP-1 supports multiple myeloma proliferation, migration, and adhesion and induces drug resistance more than normal-derived stroma. Haematologica 2016; 101:e307-11. [PMID: 27081175 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Quan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Soo Hoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca C Gilson
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Micah Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Justin King
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noha Nabil Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, MO, USA Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ravi Vij
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA
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30
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Guillerey C, Nakamura K, Vuckovic S, Hill GR, Smyth MJ. Immune responses in multiple myeloma: role of the natural immune surveillance and potential of immunotherapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1569-89. [PMID: 26801219 PMCID: PMC11108512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of terminally differentiated B cells that arises in the bone marrow. Immune interactions appear as key determinants of MM progression. While myeloid cells foster myeloma-promoting inflammation, Natural Killer cells and T lymphocytes mediate protective anti-myeloma responses. The profound immune deregulation occurring in MM patients may be involved in the transition from a premalignant to a malignant stage of the disease. In the last decades, the advent of stem cell transplantation and new therapeutic agents including proteasome inhibitors and immunoregulatory drugs has dramatically improved patient outcomes, suggesting potentially key roles for innate and adaptive immunity in disease control. Nevertheless, MM remains largely incurable for the vast majority of patients. A better understanding of the complex interplay between myeloma cells and their immune environment should pave the way for designing better immunotherapies with the potential of very long term disease control. Here, we review the immunological microenvironment in myeloma. We discuss the role of naturally arising anti-myeloma immune responses and their potential corruption in MM patients. Finally, we detail the numerous promising immune-targeting strategies approved or in clinical trials for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Guillerey
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Slavica Vuckovic
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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31
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Silbermann R, Roodman GD. Current Controversies in the Management of Myeloma Bone Disease. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2374-9. [PMID: 26910829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma have resulted in an improvement in median overall survival from 4.6 years, for patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2005, to 6.1 years, for those diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 (Kumar et al., 2014). However, myeloma bone lesions persist in the absence of active disease and continue to be frequent and significant causes of patient morbidity and contribute to mortality. While bisphosphonate therapy in combination with anti-myeloma therapy remains the cornerstone of skeletal disease management in myeloma, open questions regarding the optimal management of patients with myeloma bone disease remain. This article will address when to initiate and stop bone-targeted therapy in patients with monoclonal gammopathies, duration of bisphosphonate treatment in the era of more effective anti-myeloma treatment, the role of bone resorption markers in determining the dosing schedule for anti-resorptive therapy, risks and benefits of long term anti-resorptive therapy, and whether anti-resorptive therapies should be stopped to enhance the potential anabolic effects of proteasome antagonists and other anabolic agents. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2374-2379, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Silbermann
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Garson David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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32
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Shay G, Hazlehurst L, Lynch CC. Dissecting the multiple myeloma-bone microenvironment reveals new therapeutic opportunities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:21-35. [PMID: 26423531 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell skeletal malignancy. While therapeutic agents such as bortezomib and lenalidomide have significantly improved overall survival, the disease is currently incurable with the emergence of drug resistance limiting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic strategies. Failure to cure the disease is in part due to the underlying genetic heterogeneity of the cancer. Myeloma progression is critically dependent on the surrounding microenvironment. Defining the interactions between myeloma cells and the more genetically stable hematopoietic and mesenchymal components of the bone microenvironment is critical for the development of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how microenvironmental elements contribute to myeloma progression and, therapeutically, how those elements can or are currently being targeted in a bid to eradicate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shay
- Tumor Biology Department, SRB-3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - L Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - C C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, SRB-3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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33
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Colombo M, Galletti S, Garavelli S, Platonova N, Paoli A, Basile A, Taiana E, Neri A, Chiaramonte R. Notch signaling deregulation in multiple myeloma: A rational molecular target. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26826-40. [PMID: 26308486 PMCID: PMC4694956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable neoplasia due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow milieu allows direct interactions between tumor cells and non-tumor bone marrow cells which promote neoplastic cell growth, survival, bone disease, acquisition of drug resistance and consequent relapse. Twenty percent of MM patients are at high-risk of treatment failure as defined by tumor markers or presentation as plasma cell leukemia. Cumulative evidences indicate a key role of Notch signaling in multiple myeloma onset and progression. Unlike other Notch-related malignancies, where the majority of patients carry gain-of-function mutations in Notch pathway members, in MM cell Notch signaling is aberrantly activated due to an increased expression of Notch receptors and ligands; notably, this also results in the activation of Notch signaling in surrounding stromal cells which contributes to myeloma cell proliferation, survival and migration, as well as to bone disease and intrinsic and acquired pharmacological resistance. Here we review the last findings on the mechanisms and the effects of Notch signaling dysregulation in MM and provide a rationale for a therapeutic strategy aiming at inhibiting Notch signaling, along with a complete overview on the currently available Notch-directed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
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34
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Vincent L, Ceballos P, Plassot C, Méniane JC, Quittet P, Navarro R, Cyteval C, Szablewski V, Lu ZY, Kanouni T, Moreaux J, Cartron G, Klein B, Fegueux N. Factors influencing extramedullary relapse after allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e341. [PMID: 26295611 PMCID: PMC4558584 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Vincent
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - P Ceballos
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Plassot
- Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - J C Méniane
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Quittet
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - R Navarro
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Cyteval
- Département d'Imagerie Médicale CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - V Szablewski
- Département d'Anatomopathologie, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Z Y Lu
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - T Kanouni
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Moreaux
- INSERM, U1040, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Innovative Biology, Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - B Klein
- Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1040, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Innovative Biology, Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Fegueux
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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35
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The tumor microenvironment shapes hallmarks of mature B-cell malignancies. Oncogene 2015; 34:4673-82. [PMID: 25639873 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell tumorigenesis results from a host of known and unknown genetic anomalies, including non-random translocations of genes that normally function as determinants of cell proliferation or cell survival to regions juxtaposed to active immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer elements, chromosomal aneuploidy, somatic mutations that further affect oncogenic signaling and loss of heterozygosity of tumor-suppressor genes. However, it is critical to recognize that even in the setting of a genetic disease, the B-cell/plasma cell tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes significantly to malignant transformation and pathogenesis. Over a decade ago, we proposed the concept of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance to delineate a form of TME-mediated drug resistance that protects hematopoietic tumor cells from the initial effect of diverse therapies. In the interim, it has been increasingly appreciated that TME also contributes to tumor initiation and progression through sustained growth/proliferation, self-renewal capacity, immune evasion, migration and invasion as well as resistance to cell death in a host of B-cell malignancies, including mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Within this review, we propose that TME and the tumor co-evolve as a consequence of bidirectional signaling networks. As such, TME represents an important target and should be considered integral to tumor progression and drug response.
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36
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Cheong CM, Chow AWS, Fitter S, Hewett DR, Martin SK, Williams SA, To LB, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. Tetraspanin 7 (TSPAN7) expression is upregulated in multiple myeloma patients and inhibits myeloma tumour development in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:24-38. [PMID: 25637218 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of the tetraspanin TSPAN7 has been observed in a number of cancers; however, it is unclear how TSPAN7 plays a role in cancer progression. METHODS We investigated the expression of TSPAN7 in the haematological malignancy multiple myleoma (MM) and assessed the consequences of TSPAN7 expression in the adhesion, migration and growth of MM plasma cells (PC) in vitro and in bone marrow (BM) homing and tumour growth in vivo. Finally, we characterised the association of TSPAN7 with cell surface partner molecules in vitro. RESULTS TSPAN7 was found to be highly expressed at the RNA and protein level in CD138(+) MM PC from approximately 50% of MM patients. TSPAN7 overexpression in the murine myeloma cell line 5TGM1 significantly reduced tumour burden in 5TGM1/KaLwRij mice 4 weeks after intravenous adminstration of 5TGM1 cells. While TSPAN7 overexpression did not affect cell proliferation in vitro, TSPAN7 increased 5TGM1 cell adhesion to BM stromal cells and transendothelial migration. In addition, TSPAN7 was found to associate with the molecular chaperone calnexin on the cell surface. CONCLUSION These results suggest that elevated TSPAN7 may be associated with better outcomes for up to 50% of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia
| | - Annie W S Chow
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Fitter
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Sally K Martin
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Sharon A Williams
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia
| | - L Bik To
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology and Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000SA, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
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Atsuta I, Liu S, Miura Y, Akiyama K, Chen C, An Y, Shi S, Chen FM. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit multiple myeloma cells via the Fas/Fas ligand pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 4:111. [PMID: 24025590 PMCID: PMC3854680 DOI: 10.1186/scrt322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell-based therapy represents a new frontier in the treatment of a wide variety of human diseases traditionally associated with morbidity outcomes, including those involving inflammation, autoimmunity, tissue damage, and cancer. However, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease has raised concerns. Specifically, evidence has shown that infused MSCs might support tumor growth and metastasis. Methods In this study, we used a standard disseminated MM model in mice to identify the in vivo effects of intravenous MSC infusion. In addition, a series of in vitro co-culture assays were preformed to explore whether Fas/Fas ligand (Fas-L) is involved in the inhibitory effects of MSCs on MM cells. Results In the MM mouse model, treatment of MSCs with highly expressed Fas ligand (Fas-Lhigh MSCs) showed remarkable inhibitory effects on MM indenization in terms of extending the mouse survival rate and inhibiting tumor growth, bone resorption in the lumbus and collum femoris, and MM cell metastasis in the lungs and kidneys. In addition, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of MM cells was observed when co-cultured with Fas-Lhigh MSCs in vitro. Furthermore, mechanistically, the binding between Fas and Fas-L significantly induced apoptosis in MM cells, as evidenced through an increase in the expression of apoptosis marker and Fas in MM cells. In contrast, Fas-Lnull MSCs promote MM growth. Conclusions These data suggest that Fas/Fas-L-induced MM apoptosis plays a crucial role in the MSC-based inhibition of MM growth. Although whether MSCs inhibit or promote cancer growth remains controversial, the levels of Fas-L expression in MSCs determine, at least partially, the effects of MSCs on MM cell growth.
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Hope C, Ollar SJ, Heninger E, Hebron E, Jensen JL, Kim J, Maroulakou I, Miyamoto S, Leith C, Yang DT, Callander N, Hematti P, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Asimakopoulos F. TPL2 kinase regulates the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche. Blood 2014; 123:3305-15. [PMID: 24723682 PMCID: PMC4046426 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-554071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted modulation of microenvironmental regulatory pathways may be essential to control myeloma and other genetically/clonally heterogeneous cancers. Here we report that human myeloma-associated monocytes/macrophages (MAM), but not myeloma plasma cells, constitute the predominant source of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α at diagnosis, whereas IL-6 originates from stromal cells and macrophages. To dissect MAM activation/cytokine pathways, we analyzed Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in human myeloma CD14(+) cells. We observed coregulation of TLR2 and TLR6 expression correlating with local processing of versican, a proteoglycan TLR2/6 agonist linked to carcinoma progression. Versican has not been mechanistically implicated in myeloma pathogenesis. We hypothesized that the most readily accessible target in the versican-TLR2/6 pathway would be the mitogen-activated protein 3 (MAP3) kinase, TPL2 (Cot/MAP3K8). Ablation of Tpl2 in the genetically engineered in vivo myeloma model, Vκ*MYC, led to prolonged disease latency associated with plasma cell growth defect. Tpl2 loss abrogated the "inflammatory switch" in MAM within nascent myeloma lesions and licensed macrophage repolarization in established tumors. MYC activation/expression in plasma cells was independent of Tpl2 activity. Pharmacologic TPL2 inhibition in human monocytes led to dose-dependent attenuation of IL-1β induction/secretion in response to TLR2 stimulation. Our results highlight a TLR2/6-dependent TPL2 pathway as novel therapeutic target acting nonautonomously through macrophages to control myeloma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Samuel J Ollar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Ellen Hebron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Jeffrey L Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Ioanna Maroulakou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Catherine Leith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and
| | - David T Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and
| | - Natalie Callander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
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Toll-like receptor (TLR)-1/2 triggering of multiple myeloma cells modulates their adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells and enhances bortezomib-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96608. [PMID: 24794258 PMCID: PMC4008602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma (MM), the malignant plasma cells usually localize to the bone marrow where they develop drug resistance due to adhesion to stromal cells and various environmental signals. Hence, modulation of this interaction is expected to influence drug sensitivity of MM cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have displayed heterogeneous effects on B-cell malignancies and also on MM cells in a few recent studies, but effects on adhesion and drug sensitivity of myeloma cells in the context of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have never been investigated. In the present study, we explored the modulatory effects of TLR1/2 ligand (Pam3CSK4) on adhesion of human myeloma cells to BMSCs. It is shown that TLR1/2 triggering has opposite effects in different HMCLs on their adhesion to BMSCs. Fravel, L363, UM-6, UM-9 and U266 showed increased adhesion to BMSC in parallel with an increased surface expression of integrin molecules α4 and αVβ3. OPM-1, OPM-2 and NCI-H929 showed a dose-dependent decrease in adhesion upon TLR activation following a downregulation of β7 integrin expression. Importantly, TLR1/2 triggering increased cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of bortezomib in myeloma cells independent of the effect on stromal cell adhesion. Moreover, the apoptosis-enhancing effect of Pam3CSK4 paralleled induction of cleaved caspase-3 protein in FACS analysis suggesting a caspase-dependent mechanism. Our findings uncover a novel role of TLR activation in MM cells in the context of bone marrow microenvironment. Stimulation of TLR1/2 bypasses the protective shield of BMSCs and may be an interesting strategy to enhance drug sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells.
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The lymphoma-like polychemotherapy regimen “Dexa-BEAM” in advanced and extramedullary multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1207-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang M, Qian J, Lan Y, Lu Y, Li H, Hong B, Zheng Y, He J, Yang J, Yi Q. Anti-β₂M monoclonal antibodies kill myeloma cells via cell- and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1132-41. [PMID: 24474467 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that anti-β2M monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at high doses have direct apoptotic effects on myeloma cells, suggesting that anti-β2M mAbs might be developed as a novel therapeutic agent. In this study, we investigated the ability of the mAbs at much lower concentrations to indirectly kill myeloma cells by utilizing immune effector cells or molecules. Our results showed that anti-β2M mAbs effectively lysed MM cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which were correlated with and dependent on the surface expression of β2M on MM cells. The presence of MM bone marrow stromal cells or addition of IL-6 did not attenuate anti-β2M mAb-induced ADCC and CDC activities against MM cells. Furthermore, anti-β2M mAbs only showed limited cytotoxicity toward normal B cells and nontumorous mesenchymal stem cells, indicating that the ADCC and CDC activities of the anti-β2M mAbs were more prone to the tumor cells. Lenalidomide potentiated in vitro ADCC activity against MM cells and in vivo tumor inhibition capacity induced by the anti-β2M mAbs by enhancing the activity of NK cells. These results support clinical development of anti-β2M mAbs, both as a monotherapy and in combination with lenalidomide, to improve MM patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Clinical, genomic, and imaging predictors of myeloma progression from asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies (SWOG S0120). Blood 2013; 123:78-85. [PMID: 24144643 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-515239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
All cases of clinical myeloma (CMM) are preceded by an asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy (AMG), classified as either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or asymptomatic multiple myeloma (AMM). We analyzed data from AMG patients (n = 331) enrolled in a prospective, observational clinical trial (S0120). Baseline data from clinical variables, gene expression profiles (GEP) of purified tumor cells, and findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were correlated with the risk of progression to CMM requiring therapy. GEP of purified tumor cells revealed that all molecular subtypes of CMM are also represented in the AMG phase. An increased risk score (>-0.26) (based on a 70-gene signature, GEP70) was an independent predictor of the risk of progression to CMM. Combination of elevated serum free light chain, M-spike, and GEP70 risk score identified a subset with high risk (67% at 2 years) of progression to CMM requiring therapy. Importantly, absence of these factors in AMM patients predicted low risk similar to MGUS. Detection of multiple (>1) focal lesions by MRI also conferred an increased risk of progression. These data demonstrate that signatures associated with high-risk CMM impact disease risk and support inclusion of genomic analysis in the clinical management of AMGs.
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TNF α mediated IL-6 secretion is regulated by JAK/STAT pathway but not by MEK phosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation in U266 multiple myeloma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:580135. [PMID: 24151609 PMCID: PMC3787550 DOI: 10.1155/2013/580135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 and TNFα were significantly increased in the bone marrow aspirate samples of patients with active multiple myeloma (MM) compared to those of normal controls. Furthermore, MM patients with advanced aggressive disease had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNFα than those with MM in plateau phase. TNFα increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) production from MM cells. However, the detailed mechanisms involved in signaling pathways by which TNFα promotes IL-6 secretion from MM cells are largely unknown. In our study, we found that TNFα treatments induce MEK and AKT phosphorylation. TNFα-stimulated IL-6 production was abolished by inhibition of JAK2 and IKKβ or by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TNF receptors (TNFR) but not by MEK, p38, and PI3K inhibitors. Also, TNFα increased phosphorylation of STAT3 (ser727) including c-Myc and cyclin D1. Three different types of JAK inhibitors decreased the activation of the previously mentioned pathways. In conclusion, blockage of JAK/STAT-mediated NF-κB activation was highly effective in controlling the growth of MM cells and, consequently, an inhibitor of TNFα-mediated IL-6 secretion would be a potential new therapeutic agent for patients with multiple myeloma.
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Plasma cells release membrane microparticles in a mouse model of multiple myeloma. Micron 2013; 54-55:75-81. [PMID: 24055121 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) released from the plasma membrane play a role in tumor progression. Involvement of MPs in myeloma (MM) has been poorly investigated. Because of the strong interaction of MM cells with bone microenvironment, we hypothesized an implication of MPs in MM using a murine model. Forty-four mice were injected with 5THL-MM cells and compared with 14 non-injected mice. Blood was collected at the early and end stages of MM development (EMM and LMM) to characterize the circulating MPs. At LMM, MPs were isolated from bone marrow (BM) of long bones of 22 mice, after centrifugation. Electron microscopy immunohistochemistry and Western blotting using CD138 were performed on BM-derived MPs. At EMM, MPs circulating level was significantly lower versus controls. In LMM, a significant increase of the total MP number from plasma was observed versus controls. Characterization of circulating MPs showed an increase of leukocyte- and erythrocyte-derived MPs. In LMM, serum M-protein was correlated with circulating MP number. BM-derived MPs increased in LMM and expressed CD138. Anti-CD138 coupled with nanobeads localized at the MP surface. There is evidence of an association between increase of MPs and MM development; the results underscore the participation of plasma cell-derived MPs originating from BM.
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45
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Chen XH. Sequential signs of palpitation, bloody multiple cavity membrane effusion, and myocardial infarction: a case report of multiple myeloma and a literature review. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 13:499-501. [PMID: 23747078 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China.
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Heher EC, Rennke HG, Laubach JP, Richardson PG. Kidney disease and multiple myeloma. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8:2007-17. [PMID: 23868898 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.12231212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Kidney injury is a common complication of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias, and it is associated with increased mortality. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms can contribute to kidney injury in the patient with myeloma, some of which are the result of nephrotoxic monoclonal Ig and some of which are independent of paraprotein deposition. The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie paraprotein-related kidney disease are increasingly well understood. A novel assay allowing the quantification of free light chains in the serum has aided the diagnosis of new onset disease and allowed for the earlier detection of relapse. Novel myeloma agents have shown considerable promise in reversing renal failure in some patients and improving outcomes. Stem cell transplantation remains a mainstay of management for younger patients with myeloma who are suitable candidates for intensive therapy, whereas the role of new drugs, plasma exchange, and kidney transplantation continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot C Heher
- Nephrology Division and Transplantation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;, †Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, ‡Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu T, Fei Z, Gangavarapu KJ, Agbenowu S, Bhushan A, Lai JCK, Daniels CK, Cao S. Interleukin-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling mediate the reversion of dexamethasone resistance after dexamethasone withdrawal in 7TD1 multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1322-8. [PMID: 23871159 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the establishment and characteristics of a DXM-resistant cell line (7TD1-DXM) generated from the IL6-dependent mouse B cell hybridoma, 7TD1 cell line. After withdrawing DXM from 7TD1-DXM cells over 90 days, DXM significantly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis in the cells (7TD1-WD) compared with 7TD1-DXM cells. Additionally, IL-6 reversed while IL-6 antibody and AG490 enhanced the effects of growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by DXM in 7TD1-WD cells. Our study demonstrates that 7TD1-DXM cells become resensitized to DXM after DXM withdrawal, and IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways may regulate the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Sher T, Bhat S, Jitawatanarat P, Desai N, Qiu J, Ma WW. Multiple Myeloma Mimicking Metastatic Pancreas Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:e297-9. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.44.8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Bhat
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | - Wen W. Ma
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Silbermann R, Roodman GD. Myeloma bone disease: Pathophysiology and management. J Bone Oncol 2013; 2:59-69. [PMID: 26909272 PMCID: PMC4723362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma bone disease is marked by severe dysfunction of both bone formation and resorption and serves as a model for understanding the regulation of osteoblasts (OBL) and osteoclasts (OCL) in cancer. Myeloma bone lesions are purely osteolytic and are associated with severe and debilitating bone pain, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression, as well as increased mortality. Interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment in myeloma are responsible for the abnormal bone remodeling in myeloma bone disease. Myeloma cells drive bone destruction that increases tumor growth, directly stimulates the OCL formation, and induces cells in the marrow microenvironment to produce factors that drive OCL formation and suppress OBL formation. Factors produced by marrow stromal cells and OCL promote tumor growth through direct action on myeloma cells and by increasing angiogenesis. Current therapies targeting MMBD focus on preventing osteoclastic bone destruction; however regulators of OBL inhibition in MMBD have also been identified, and targeted agents with a potential anabolic effect in MMBD are under investigation. This review will discuss the mechanisms responsible for MMBD and therapeutic approaches currently in use and in development for the management of MMBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Silbermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Tucci M, Stucci S, Savonarola A, Ciavarella S, Cafforio P, Dammacco F, Silvestris F. Immature dendritic cells in multiple myeloma are prone to osteoclast-like differentiation through interleukin-17A stimulation. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:821-31. [PMID: 23594390 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL17A), a cytokine involved in allergy, inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, was investigated in multiple myeloma (MM) to assess its role in the osteoclast (OC)-like activity of marrow immature dendritic cells (iDCs). Comparing nine MM patients with control subjects affected by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, we found high IL17A expression in the marrow plasma of MM patients in parallel with its deposits within the stromal matrix. Increased expression of the IL17A receptor (IL17RA) was also found in primary myeloma iDCs, which underwent OC-like transdifferentiation after IL17A stimulation. To assess the role of IL17A, we measured the activity of the IL17/IL17RA pathway in IL17A-transdifferentiated iDCs and the expression of functional OC genes by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. These cells showed increased RNA transcription of genes enrolled in the maturation of OCs, while NFATC1 and FOS were induced by IL17A, independently of NFKB1 phosphorylation. Moreover, the concurrent phosphorylation of the Lip isoform of CEBPB and the down-regulation of MAFB supported the activation of IL17RA pathway in OC-like transdifferentiated iDCs that was apparently unrelated to TNFRSF11A signalling. These data emphasize the involvement of iDCs in MM hyperactive osteoclastogenesis and suggest that their bone resorption activity is also regulated, at least in vitro, by IL17RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Science and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy.
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