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Serradilla-Martín M, Villodre C, Falgueras-Verdaguer L, Zambudio-Carroll N, Castell-Gómez JT, Blas-Laina JL, Borrego-Estella V, Domingo-del-Pozo C, García-Plaza G, González-Rodríguez FJ, Montalvá-Orón EM, Moya-Herraiz Á, Paterna-López S, Suárez-Muñoz MA, Alkorta-Zuloaga M, Blanco-Fernández G, Dabán-Collado E, Gómez-Bravo MA, Miota-de-Llamas JI, Rotellar F, Sánchez-Pérez B, Sánchez-Cabús S, Pacheco-Sánchez D, Rodríguez-Sanjuan JC, Varona-Bosque MA, Carrión-Álvarez L, de la Serna-Esteban S, Dopazo C, Martín-Pérez E, Martínez-Cecilia D, Castro-Santiago MJ, Dorcaratto D, Gutiérrez-Díaz ML, Asencio-Pascual JM, Burdío-Pinilla F, Carracedo-Iglesias R, Escartín-Arias A, Ielpo B, Rodríguez-Laiz G, Valdivieso-López A, De-Vicente-López E, Alonso-Orduña V, Ramia JM. Feasibility and Short-Term Outcomes in Liver-First Approach: A Spanish Snapshot Study (the RENACI Project). Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1676. [PMID: 38730631 PMCID: PMC11082946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The liver-first approach may be indicated for colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases to whom preoperative chemotherapy opens a potential window in which liver resection may be undertaken. This study aims to present the data of feasibility and short-term outcomes in the liver-first approach. (2) Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in Spanish hospitals that had a medium/high-volume of HPB surgeries from 1 June 2019 to 31 August 2020. (3) Results: In total, 40 hospitals participated, including a total of 2288 hepatectomies, 1350 for colorectal liver metastases, 150 of them (11.1%) using the liver-first approach, 63 (42.0%) in hospitals performing <50 hepatectomies/year. The proportion of patients as ASA III was significantly higher in centers performing ≥50 hepatectomies/year (difference: 18.9%; p = 0.0213). In 81.1% of the cases, the primary tumor was in the rectum or sigmoid colon. In total, 40% of the patients underwent major hepatectomies. The surgical approach was open surgery in 87 (58.0%) patients. Resection margins were R0 in 78.5% of the patients. In total, 40 (26.7%) patients had complications after the liver resection and 36 (27.3%) had complications after the primary resection. One-hundred and thirty-two (89.3%) patients completed the therapeutic regime. (4) Conclusions: There were no differences in the surgical outcomes between the centers performing <50 and ≥50 hepatectomies/year. Further analysis evaluating factors associated with clinical outcomes and determining the best candidates for this approach will be subsequently conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Serradilla-Martín
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Villodre
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.V.); (J.M.R.)
- ISABIAL, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel García-Plaza
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Insular, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | | | - Eva M. Montalvá-Orón
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, IIS La Fe, Ciberehd ISCIII, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ángel Moya-Herraiz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, 12004 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Sandra Paterna-López
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Suárez-Muñoz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - Miguel A. Gómez-Bravo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Fernando Rotellar
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Belinda Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Santiago Sánchez-Cabús
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | | | - María A. Varona-Bosque
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | | | | | - Cristina Dopazo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elena Martín-Pérez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (D.M.-C.)
| | - David Martínez-Cecilia
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (D.M.-C.)
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Salud, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Dimitri Dorcaratto
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | | | - Fernando Burdío-Pinilla
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.B.-P.); (B.I.)
| | | | | | - Benedetto Ielpo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.B.-P.); (B.I.)
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario de León, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Rodríguez-Laiz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.V.); (J.M.R.)
| | | | | | - Vicente Alonso-Orduña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - José M. Ramia
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.V.); (J.M.R.)
- ISABIAL, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Alicante, Spain
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Tutino R, Bonomi A, Zingaretti CC, Risi L, Ragaini EM, Viganò L, Paterno M, Pezzoli I. Locally advanced mid/low rectal cancer with synchronous resectable liver metastases: systematic review of the available strategies and outcome. Updates Surg 2024; 76:345-361. [PMID: 38182850 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The management of patients with locally advanced mid/low rectal cancer with resectable liver metastases is complex because of the need to combine the optimal treatment of both tumors. This study aims to review the available treatment strategies and compare their outcome, focusing on radiotherapy (RT) and liver-first approach (LFA). A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, and web sources including articles published between 2000 and 02/2023 and reporting mid-/long-term outcomes. Overall, twenty studies were included (n = 1837 patients). Three- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 51-88% and 36-59%. Although several strategies were reported, most patients received RT (1448/1837, 79%; > 85% neoadjuvant). RT reduced the pelvic recurrence risk (5.8 vs. 13.5%, P = 0.005) but did not impact OS. Six studies analyzed LFA (n = 307 patients). LFA had a completion rate similar to the rectum-first approach (RFA, 81% vs. 79%) but the interval strategy-an LFA variant with liver surgery in the interval between radiotherapy and rectal surgery-had a better completion rate than standard LFA (liver surgery/radiotherapy/rectal surgery, 92% vs. 75%, P = 0.011) and RFA (79%, P = 0.048). Across all series, LFA achieved the best survival rates, and in one paper it led to a survival advantage in patients with multiple metastases. In conclusion, different strategies can be adopted, but RT should be included to decrease the pelvic recurrence risk. LFA should be considered, especially in patients with high hepatic tumor burden, and RT before liver surgery (interval strategy) could maximize its completion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tutino
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Bonomi
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- General Surgery Residency Program, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C C Zingaretti
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - L Risi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Minimally Invasive General and Oncologic Surgery, Humanitas Gavazzeni University Hospital, Viale M. Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy
| | - E M Ragaini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - L Viganò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy.
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Minimally Invasive General and Oncologic Surgery, Humanitas Gavazzeni University Hospital, Viale M. Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - M Paterno
- General Surgery Residency Program, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncologic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Niguarda General Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pezzoli
- General Surgery Residency Program, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Machairas N, Di Martino M, Primavesi F, Underwood P, de Santibanes M, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Urban I, Tsilimigras DI, Siriwardena AK, Frampton AE, Pawlik TM. Simultaneous resection for colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: current state-of-the-art. J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:577-586. [PMID: 38583912 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) presents with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sCRLM) at diagnosis. Surgical approaches for patients with sCRLM have evolved over the past decades. Simultaneous resection (SR) of CRC and sCRLM for selected patients has emerged as a safe and efficient alternative approach to traditional staged resections. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases with the end of search date October 30, 2023. The MeSH terms "simultaneous resections" and "combined resections" in combination with "colorectal liver metastases," "colorectal cancer," "liver resection," and "hepatectomy" were searched in the title and/or abstract. RESULTS SRs aim to achieve maximal tumor clearance, minimizing the risk of disease progression and optimizing the potential for long-term survival. Improvements in perioperative care, advances in surgical techniques, and a better understanding of patient selection criteria have collectively contributed to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with these complex procedures. Several studies have demonstrated that SR are associated with reduced overall length of stay and lower costs with comparable morbidity and long-term outcomes. In light of these outcomes, the proportion of patients undergoing SR for CRC and sCRLM has increased substantially over the past 2 decades. CONCLUSION For patients with sCRLM, SR represents an attractive alternative to the traditional staged approach and should be selectively used; however, the decision on whether to proceed with a simultaneous versus staged approach should be individualized based on several patient- and disease-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Machairas
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcello Di Martino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Department of Surgery, University Maggiore Hospital della Carita, Novara, Italy
| | - Florian Primavesi
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, HPB Centre, Salzkammergutklinikum Hospital, Vöcklabruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Underwood
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Martin de Santibanes
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Liver and Transplant Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iveta Urban
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, HPB Centre, Salzkammergutklinikum Hospital, Vöcklabruck, Austria
| | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ajith K Siriwardena
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam E Frampton
- HPB Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; Section of Oncology, Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Surgery, The Urban Meyer III and Shelley Meyer Chair for Cancer Research, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
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Han Z, Tong Y, Zhu X, Sun D, Jia N, Feng Y, Yan K, Wei Y, He J, Ju H. Development and external validation of MRI-based RAS mutation status prediction model for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:556-567. [PMID: 37974474 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutation status of rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) has prognostic significance and serves as a key predictive biomarker for the effectiveness of antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. However, there remains a lack of effective models for predicting RAS mutation status in colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). This study aimed to construct and validate a diagnostic model for predicting RAS mutation status among patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLMs. METHODS A diagnostic multivariate prediction model was developed and validated in patients with CRLMs who had undergone hepatectomy between 2014 and 2020. Patients from Institution A were assigned to the model development group (i.e., Development Cohort), while patients from Institutions B and C were assigned to the external validation groups (i.e., Validation Cohort_1 and Validation Cohort_2). The presence of CRLMs was determined by examination of surgical specimens. RAS mutation status was determined by genetic testing. The final predictors, identified by a group of oncologists and radiologists, included several key clinical, demographic, and radiographic characteristics derived from magnetic resonance images. Multiple imputation was performed to estimate the values of missing non-outcome data. A penalized logistic regression model using the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty was implemented to select appropriate variables for the development of the model. A single nomogram was constructed from the model. The performance of the prediction model, discrimination, and calibration were estimated and reported by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots. Internal validation with a bootstrapping procedure and external validation of the nomogram were assessed. Finally, decision curve analyses were used to characterize the clinical outcomes of the Development and Validation Cohorts. RESULTS A total of 173 patients were enrolled in this study between January 2014 and May 2020. Of the 173 patients, 117 patients from Institution A were assigned to the Model Development group, while 56 patients (33 from Institution B and 23 from Institution C) were assigned to the Model Validation groups. Forty-six (39.3%) patients harbored RAS mutations in the Development Cohort compared to 14 (42.4%) in Validation Cohort_1 and 8 (34.8%) in Validation Cohort_2. The final model contained the following predictor variables: time of occurrence of CRLMs, location of primary lesion, type of intratumoral necrosis, and early enhancement of liver parenchyma. The diagnostic model based on clinical and MRI data demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance in distinguishing between mutated and wild-type RAS, with AUCs of 0.742 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.651─0.834), 0.741 (95% CI: 0.649─0.836), 0.703 (95% CI: 0.514─0.892), and 0.708 (95% CI: 0.452─0.964) in the Development Cohort, bootstrapping internal validation, external Validation Cohort_1 and Validation Cohort_2, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit values for the Development Cohort, Validation Cohort_1 and Validation Cohort_2 were 2.868 (p = 0.942), 4.616 (p = 0.465), and 6.297 (p = 0.391), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Integrating clinical, demographic, and radiographic modalities with a magnetic resonance imaging-based approach may accurately predict the RAS mutation status of CRLMs, thereby aiding in triage and possibly reducing the time taken to perform diagnostic and life-saving procedures. Our diagnostic multivariate prediction model may serve as a foundation for prognostic stratification and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yahan Tong
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diandian Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningyang Jia
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Wei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - HaiXing Ju
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Herrero Fonollosa E, Galofré Recasens M, Zárate Pinedo A, García Domingo MI, Camps Lasa J, Pardo Aranda F, Espin Álvarez F, Cugat Andorrà E. Long-term results of liver-first approach strategy in patients with advanced synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Cir Esp 2023; 101:341-349. [PMID: 35667607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "liver-first" approach (LFA) is a strategy indicated for advanced synchronous liver metastases (ASLM) from colorectal cancer (CRC). Includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, resection of the ASLM followed by CRC resection. METHODS Retrospective descriptive analysis from a prospective database of hepatectomies from liver metastases (LM) from CRC in two centers. Between 2007-2019, 88 patients with CRC-ASLM were included in a LFA scheme. Bilobar (LM) was present in 65.9%, the mean number of lesions was 5.5 and mean size 42.7 mm. Response to treatment was assessed by RECIST criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Seventy-five of 88 patients (85.2%) completed the LFA. RECIST evaluation showed partial response in 75.7% and stable disease in 22.8%. Severe morbidity rate (Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIA) after liver and colorectal surgery was present in 29.4% and 9.3%, respectively. There was no 90-day postoperative mortality in both liver and colorectal surgeries. Recurrence rate was 76%, being the liver the most frequent site, followed by the pulmonary. From the total number of recurrences (106) in 56 patients, surgical with chemotherapy rescue treatment was accomplished in 34 of them (32.1%). The mean PFS was 8.5 and 5-year OS was 53%. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CRC-ASLM the LFA allows control of the liver disease beforehand and an assessment of the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, optimising the chance of potentially curative liver resection, which influences long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Herrero Fonollosa
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Galofré Recasens
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Zárate Pinedo
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel García Domingo
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Camps Lasa
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Pardo Aranda
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Espin Álvarez
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Cugat Andorrà
- Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Cirugía HBP, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Calderon Novoa F, Ardiles V, de Santibañes E, Pekolj J, Goransky J, Mazza O, Sánchez Claria R, de Santibañes M. Pushing the Limits of Surgical Resection in Colorectal Liver Metastasis: How Far Can We Go? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072113. [PMID: 37046774 PMCID: PMC10093442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and up to 50% of all patients diagnosed will develop metastatic disease. Management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has been constantly improving, aided by newer and more effective chemotherapy agents and the use of multidisciplinary teams. However, the only curative treatment remains surgical resection of the CRLM. Although survival for surgically resected patients has shown modest improvement, this is mostly because of the fact that what is constantly evolving is the indication for resection. Surgeons are constantly pushing the limits of what is considered resectable or not, thus enhancing and enlarging the pool of patients who can be potentially benefited and even cured with aggressive surgical procedures. There are a variety of procedures that have been developed, which range from procedures to stimulate hepatic growth, such as portal vein embolization, two-staged hepatectomy, or the association of both, to technically challenging procedures such as simultaneous approaches for synchronous metastasis, ex-vivo or in-situ perfusion with total vascular exclusion, or even liver transplant. This article reviewed the major breakthroughs in liver surgery for CRLM, showing how much has changed and what has been achieved in the field of CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Calderon Novoa
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Victoria Ardiles
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Eduardo de Santibañes
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Juan Pekolj
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Jeremias Goransky
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Oscar Mazza
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Sánchez Claria
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Martín de Santibañes
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
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An optimised liver-first strategy for synchronous metastatic rectal cancer leads to higher protocol completion and lower surgical morbidity. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:75. [PMID: 36864464 PMCID: PMC9983162 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal management of rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases remains debatable. Thus, we propose an optimised liver-first (OLF) strategy that combines concomitant pelvic irradiation with hepatic management. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and oncological quality of the OLF strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients underwent systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by preoperative radiotherapy. Liver resection was performed in one step (between radiotherapy and rectal surgery) or in two steps (before and after radiotherapy). The data were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively as intent to treat. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2018, 24 patients underwent the OLF strategy. The rate of treatment completion was 87.5%. Three patients (12.5%) did not proceed to the planned second-stage liver and rectal surgery because of progressive disease. The postoperative mortality rate was 0%, and the overall morbidity rates after liver and rectal surgeries were 21% and 28.6%, respectively. Only two patients developed severe complications. Liver and rectal complete resection was performed in 100% and 84.6%, respectively. A rectal-sparing strategy was performed in 6 patients who underwent local excision (n = 4) or a watch and wait strategy (n = 2). Among patients who completed treatment, the median overall and disease-free survivals were 60 months (range 12-139 months) and 40 months (range 10-139 months), respectively. Eleven patients (47.6%) developed recurrence, among whom five underwent further treatment with curative intent. CONCLUSION The OLF approach is feasible, relevant, and safe. Organ preservation was feasible for a quarter of patients and may be associated with reduced morbidity.
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A comparison of the simultaneous, liver-first, and colorectal-first strategies for surgical treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases at two major liver-surgery institutions in Sweden. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:26-36. [PMID: 36167765 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment strategy for patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of the simultaneous, liver-first, and colorectal-first surgical approaches. METHODS All consecutive patients who had been resected with curative intent for CRLM were included. A Cox regression model was constructed, and an intention-to-treat analysis was performed between the liver-first and the simultaneous approaches, after propensity score matching. RESULTS 658 patients were included in the analysis. 92 patients had a simultaneous resection, 163 patients had liver-first, and 403 patients had a colorectal-first approach. Overall survival was 54.9 months (95% CI 39.2-70.4) in the liver-first group, 54.5 months (95% CI 46.8-62.3) in colorectal-first group, and 59.6 months (95% CI 42.2-77.0) in the simultaneous group (log-rank p =0.850). In the matched cohort there were no differences in Clavien-Dindo 3a (p = 0.992) or 3b and greater (p = 0.999). Median overall survival was for liver-first group 42.2 months (95% CI 26.3-58.2), and for the simultaneous group 56.2 months (95% CI 47.1-65.4) (stratified log-rank p = 0.455). CONCLUSION A simultaneous approach was not associated with worse overall survival or morbidity compared to a liver-first approach.
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9
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Survival Study: International Multicentric Minimally Invasive Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases (SIMMILR-2). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174190. [PMID: 36077728 PMCID: PMC9454893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Study: International Multicentric Minimally Invasive Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases (SIMMILR-CRLM) was a propensity score matched (PSM) study that reported short-term outcomes of patients with CRLM who met the Milan criteria and underwent either open (OLR), laparoscopic (LLR) or robotic liver resection (RLR). This study, designated as SIMMILR-2, reports the long-term outcomes from that initial study, now referred to as SIMMILR-1. Methods: Data regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic (NC) and neoadjuvant biological (NB) treatments received were collected, and Kaplan−Meier curves reporting the 5-year overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) for OLR, LLR and RLR were created for patients who presented with synchronous lesions only, as there was insufficient follow-up for patients with metachronous lesions. Results: A total of 73% of patients received NC and 38% received NB in the OLR group compared to 70% and 28% in the LLR group, respectively (p = 0.5 and p = 0.08). A total of 82% of patients received NC and 40% received NB in the OLR group compared to 86% and 32% in the RLR group, respectively (p > 0.05). A total of 71% of patients received NC and 53% received NB in the LLR group compared to 71% and 47% in the RLR group, respectively (p > 0.05). OS at 5 years was 34.8% after OLR compared to 37.1% after LLR (p = 0.4), 34.3% after OLR compared to 46.9% after RLR (p = 0.4) and 30.3% after LLR compared to 46.9% after RLR (p = 0.9). RFS at 5 years was 12.1% after OLR compared to 20.7% after LLR (p = 0.6), 33.3% after OLR compared to 26.3% after RLR (p = 0.6) and 22.7% after LLR compared to 34.6% after RLR (p = 0.6). Conclusions: When comparing OLR, LLR and RLR, the OS and RFS were all similar after utilization of the Milan criteria and PSM. Biological agents tended to be utilized more in the OLR group when compared to the LLR group, suggesting that highly aggressive tumors are still managed through an open approach.
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10
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Herrero Fonollosa E, Galofré Recasens M, Zárate Pinedo A, García Domingo MI, Camps Lasa J, Pardo Aranda F, Espin Álvarez F, Cugat Andorrà E. Análisis retrospectivo de los resultados a largo plazo de la estrategia inversa en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal y enfermedad hepática metastásica sincrónica avanzada. Cir Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Burasakarn P, Thienhiran A, Hongjinda S, Fuengfoo P. Evaluating the Outcomes of Liver‐first Approach for Liver Metastases due to Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-1633.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pipit Burasakarn
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thung Phaya Thai Ratchathewi, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anuparb Thienhiran
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thung Phaya Thai Ratchathewi, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sermsak Hongjinda
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thung Phaya Thai Ratchathewi, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Phusit Fuengfoo
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thung Phaya Thai Ratchathewi, Bangkok Thailand
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12
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Giuliante F, Viganò L, De Rose AM, Mirza DF, Lapointe R, Kaiser G, Barroso E, Ferrero A, Isoniemi H, Lopez-Ben S, Popescu I, Ouellet JF, Hubert C, Regimbeau JM, Lin JK, Skipenko OG, Ardito F, Adam R. Liver-First Approach for Synchronous Colorectal Metastases: Analysis of 7360 Patients from the LiverMetSurvey Registry. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8198-8208. [PMID: 34212254 PMCID: PMC8590998 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The liver-first approach in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has gained wide consensus but its role is still to be clarified. We aimed to elucidate the outcome of the liver-first approach and to identify patients who benefit at most from this approach. Methods Patients with synchronous CRLM included in the LiverMetSurvey registry between 2000 and 2017 were considered. Three strategies were analyzed, i.e. liver-first approach, colorectal resection followed by liver resection (primary-first), and simultaneous resection, and three groups of patients were analyzed, i.e. solitary metastasis, multiple unilobar CRLM, and multiple bilobar CRLM. In each group, patients from the three strategy groups were matched by propensity score analysis. Results Overall, 7360 patients were analyzed: 4415 primary-first, 552 liver-first, and 2393 simultaneous resections. Compared with the other groups, the liver-first group had more rectal tumors (58.0% vs. 31.2%) and higher hepatic tumor burden (more than three CRLMs: 34.8% vs. 24.0%; size > 50 mm: 35.6% vs. 22.8%; p < 0.001). In patients with solitary and multiple unilobar CRLM, survival was similar regardless of treatment strategy, whereas in patients with multiple bilobar metastases, the liver-first approach was an independent positive prognostic factor, both in unmatched patients (3-year survival 65.9% vs. primary-first 60.4%: hazard ratio [HR] 1.321, p = 0.031; vs. simultaneous resections 54.4%: HR 1.624, p < 0.001) and after propensity score matching (vs. primary-first: HR 1.667, p = 0.017; vs. simultaneous resections: HR 2.278, p = 0.003). Conclusion In patients with synchronous CRLM, the surgical strategy should be decided according to the hepatic tumor burden. In the presence of multiple bilobar CRLM, the liver-first approach is associated with longer survival than the alternative approaches and should be evaluated as standard. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1245/s10434-021-10220-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Giuliante
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Viganò
- Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, IRCCS - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino M De Rose
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Darius F Mirza
- HPB Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Réal Lapointe
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Service, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gernot Kaiser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eduardo Barroso
- HBP and Transplantation Centre, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon Central Hospitals Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Ferrero
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, "Umberto I" Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santiago Lopez-Ben
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, IdlBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Catherine Hubert
- Department of HBP Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Regimbeau
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oleg G Skipenko
- Research Center of Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Ardito
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - René Adam
- Department of Surgery, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
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13
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Båverud Olsson L, Buchli C, Villard C, Nilsson PJ. Differences in management and outcome for colon and rectal carcinoma with synchronous liver metastases: a population-based cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:860-867. [PMID: 33259702 PMCID: PMC8246906 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM) can follow three different strategies with regard to the timing of liver resection. The aim of this study was to describe the selection of surgical strategy, focusing on differences between colon and rectal cancer with SCRLM, postoperative morbidity/mortality and survival. METHOD This was a retrospective population-based study of patients with SCRLM registered in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry in the Stockholm/Gotland region during 2010-2017 and treated with surgical resection of the primary tumour and liver metastases (LM). Patients were followed for 5 years or censored at 22 November 2018. RESULTS A total of 238 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Patients with rectal cancer were treated with the 'liver first' strategy in 70% of cases, whereas the main treatment strategies for colonic tumours were 'simultaneous resection' (44%) and 'primary first' (37%). Rectal cancer had a superior 5-year survival rate compared with colon tumours with SCRLM (62 vs. 47%; p = 0.033). There was no difference in survival between treatment strategies irrespective of primary tumour location. Postoperative complications occurred most commonly among rectal tumours treated with simultaneous resection (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Patients with rectal cancer and SCRLM were more often treated with the 'liver first' strategy than patients with colon cancer. Patients with rectal cancer and SCRLM where both primary tumour and LM were operated on had significantly better survival than corresponding patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Båverud Olsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Christian Buchli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Christina Villard
- Department of Medicine HuddingeUnit of Gastroenterology and RheumatologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per J. Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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14
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Kleive D, Aas E, Angelsen JH, Bringeland EA, Nesbakken A, Nymo LS, Schultz JK, Søreide K, Yaqub S. Simultaneous Resection of Primary Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Liver Metastases: Contemporary Practice, Evidence and Knowledge Gaps. Oncol Ther 2021; 9:111-120. [PMID: 33759076 PMCID: PMC8140037 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of surgical resection of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer has been debated for decades. Several strategies have been proposed, but high-level evidence remains scarce. Simultaneous resection of the primary tumour and liver metastases has been described in numerous retrospective audits and meta-analyses. The potential benefits of simultaneous resections are the eradication of the tumour burden in one procedure, overall shorter procedure time, reduced hospital stay with the likely benefits on quality of life and an expected reduction in the use of health care services compared to staged procedures. However, concerns about accumulating complications and oncological outcomes remain and the optimal selection criteria for whom simultaneous resections are beneficial remains undetermined. Based on the current level of evidence, simultaneous resection should be restricted to patients with a limited liver tumour burden. More high-level evidence studies are needed to evaluate the quality of life, complication burden, oncological outcomes, as well as overall health care implications for simultaneous resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyre Kleive
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Aas
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics (HELED), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jon-Helge Angelsen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Bringeland
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn S Nymo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johannes K Schultz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Perfecto A, Gastaca M, Prieto M, Cervera J, Ruiz P, Ventoso A, Palomares I, García JM, Valdivieso A. Totally laparoscopic simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a single-center case series. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:980-987. [PMID: 33666752 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to analyze the feasibility, the safety and short- and medium-term survival of totally laparoscopic simultaneous resections (LSR) of colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous liver metastases (LM). METHODS This is a retrospective study of a single-center series. Patients ASA IV, ECOG ≥ 2, major hepatectomies (≥ 3 segments), symptomatic CRC as well as low rectal tumors were excluded from indication. The difficulty level of all liver resections was classified as low or intermediate according to the Iwate Criteria. Dindo-Clavien classification for postoperative complications evaluation was used. RESULTS 15 Patients with 21 liver lesions were included. Laparoscopic liver surgery was performed first in every case. Median size of the lesions was 20 mm (r 8-69). Major complications (Dindo-Clavien ≥ 3) occurred in 3 patients (20%); median hospital stay was 7 days (r 4-35), and only one patient (6.6%) was readmitted upon the first month from the surgery. 90-day mortality rate was 0%. After a median follow-up of 24 months (r 7-121), disease-free survival at 1, 2 and 3 years was 58%, 36% and 24%, respectively; overall survival at 1, 2 and 3 years was 92.3%. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients, LSR of CRC and LM is technically feasible and has an acceptable morbidity rate and mid-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Perfecto
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Mikel Gastaca
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain. .,University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Mikel Prieto
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Cervera
- University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,Coloproctology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Alberto Ventoso
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Ibone Palomares
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - José María García
- University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,Coloproctology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Andrés Valdivieso
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
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16
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Valdimarsson VT, Syk I, Lindell G, Sandström P, Isaksson B, Rizell M, Norén A, Ardnor B, Sturesson C. Outcomes of Simultaneous Resections and Classical Strategy for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases in Sweden: A Nationwide Study with Special Reference to Major Liver Resections. World J Surg 2021; 44:2409-2417. [PMID: 32185455 PMCID: PMC7266839 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background About 20% of patients with colorectal cancer have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis, and surgical resection offers a chance for cure. The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes for patients that underwent simultaneous resection to those that underwent a staged procedure with the bowel-first (classical) strategy by using information from two national registries in Sweden. Methods In this prospectively registered cohort study, we analyzed clinical, pathological, and survival outcomes for patients operated in the period 2008–2015 and compared the two strategies. Results In total, 537 patients constituted the study cohort, where 160 were treated with the simultaneous strategy and 377 with the classical strategy. Patients managed with the simultaneous strategy had less often rectal primary tumors (22% vs. 31%, p = 0.046) and underwent to a lesser extent a major liver resection (16% vs. 41%, p < 0.001), but had a shorter total length of stay (11 vs. 15 days, p < 0.001) and more complications (52% vs. 36%, p < 0.001). No significant 5-year overall survival (p = 0.110) difference was detected. Twenty-five patients had a major liver resection in the simultaneous strategy group and 155 in the classical strategy group without difference in 5-year overall survival (p = 0.198). Conclusion Simultaneous resection of the colorectal primary cancer and liver metastases can possibly have more complications, with no difference in overall survival compared to the classical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus T Valdimarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gert Lindell
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rizell
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Norén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bjarne Ardnor
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Pérez-Santiago L, Dorcaratto D, Garcés-Albir M, Muñoz-Forner E, Huerta Álvaro M, Roselló Keranën S, Sabater L. The actual management of colorectal liver metastases. MINERVA CHIR 2020; 75:328-344. [PMID: 32773753 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4733.20.08436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the world and between 50% and 60% of patients will develop colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) during the disease. There have been great improvements in the management of CRLM during the last decades. The combination of modern chemotherapeutic and biological systemic treatments with aggressive surgical resection strategies is currently the base for the treatment of patients considered unresectable until few years ago. Furthermore, several new treatments for the local control of CRLM have been developed and are now part of the arsenal of multidisciplinary teams for the treatment of these complex patients. The aim of this review was to summarize and update the management of CRLM, its controversies and relevant evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Santiago
- Unit of Liver, Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dimitri Dorcaratto
- Unit of Liver, Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain -
| | - Marina Garcés-Albir
- Unit of Liver, Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Muñoz-Forner
- Unit of Liver, Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Huerta Álvaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Roselló Keranën
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Sabater
- Unit of Liver, Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Du Pasquier C, Roulin D, Bize P, Sempoux C, Rebecchini C, Montemurro M, Schäfer M, Halkic N, Demartines N. Tumor response and outcome after reverse treatment for patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: a cohort study. BMC Surg 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32306936 PMCID: PMC7169034 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reverse treatment of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is a sequential approach with systemic chemotherapy first, followed by liver resection, and finally, primary tumor resection. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, the radiological and pathological tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy, recurrence rates and long-term survival after reverse treatment in a cohort study. METHODS Data from patients with CRLM who underwent a reverse treatment from August 2008 to October 2016 were extracted from our prospective hepato-biliary database and retrospectively analyzed for response rates and survival outcomes. Radiological tumor response was assessed by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor) criteria and pathological response according to TRG (Tumor Regression Grade). Disease-free and overall survival were estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS There were 44 patients with 19 rectal and 25 colonic tumors. The reverse treatment was fully completed until primary tumor resection in 41 patients (93%). Radiological assessment after chemotherapy showed 61% of complete/partial response. Pathological tumor response was major or partial in 52% of patients (TRG 1-3). Median disease-free survival after primary tumor resection was 10 months (95% CI 5-15 months). Disease-free survival at 3 and 5 years was 25% and 25%, respectively. Median overall survival was 50 months (95% CI 42-58 months). Overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 59% and 39%, respectively. CONCLUSION The reverse treatment approach was feasible with a high rate of patients with complete treatment sequence and offers promising long-term survival for selected patients with advanced simultaneous colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Du Pasquier
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Roulin
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Bize
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Department of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Rebecchini
- Department of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Montemurro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nermin Halkic
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Kurbatov V, Resio BJ, Cama CA, Heller DR, Cha C, Zhang Y, Lu J, Khan SA. Liver-first approach to stage IV colon cancer with synchronous isolated liver metastases. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:76-83. [PMID: 32175108 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2020.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The only possibility for cure in patients with colon adenocarcinoma (CAC) with isolated liver metastases (ILM) is resection of both primary and metastatic tumors. Little is known about the implication of the sequence in which a colectomy and hepatectomy are performed on outcomes. This study analyzes whether resection sequence impacts clinical outcomes. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for CAC cases with hepatic metastases from 2010-2015 with exclusion of extrahepatic metastases. We compared patients treated with a liver-first approach (LFA) to those treated with a colectomy-first or simultaneous approach using Kaplan Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results In 21,788 CAC patients identified, the LFA was uncommon (2%), but was associated with higher rates of completion resection of remaining tumor (41% vs. 22%, P<0.001). Patients selected for LFA were younger, less comorbid, and more commonly received upfront chemotherapy (P<0.05). The LFA was associated with increased median survival [34 months, 95% CI (30.5-39.6 months) vs. 24 months, 95% CI (23.7-24.6 months), logrank P<0.001] and decreased risk of death [HR 0.783; 95% CI (0.67-0.89), P=0.001]. Conclusions The LFA to CAC with synchronous ILM is uncommon but is associated with greater likelihood of receiving chemotherapy prior to surgery and increased survival in selected candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Kurbatov
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin J Resio
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cara A Cama
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Charles Cha
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Section of Surgical Outcomes and Epidemiology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Ghiasloo M, Pavlenko D, Verhaeghe M, Van Langenhove Z, Uyttebroek O, Berardi G, Troisi RI, Ceelen W. Surgical treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:1203-1213. [PMID: 32178961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal treatment approach for colorectal cancer (CRC) with synchronous liver metastases (SCRLM) remains debated. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing the 'bowel-first' approach (BFA), simultaneous resection (SIM), and the 'liver-first' approach (LFA). METHODS A systematic search of comparative studies in CRC with SCRLM was undertaken using the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases. Outcome measures included postoperative complications, 30- and 90-day mortality, chemotherapy use, treatment completion rate, 3- and 5-year recurrence-free survival, and 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS). Pairwise and network meta-analysis were performed to compare strategies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I2 statistic. RESULTS One prospective and 43 retrospective studies reporting on 10 848 patients were included. Patients undergoing the LFA were more likely to have rectal primaries and a higher metastatic load. The SIM approach resulted in a higher risk of major morbidity and 30-day mortality. Compared to the BFA, the LFA more frequently resulted in failure to complete treatment as planned (34% versus 6%). Pairwise and network meta-analysis showed a similar 5-year OS between LFA and BFA and a more favorable 5-year OS after SIM compared to LFA (odds ratio 0.25-0.90, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%), but not compared to BFA. CONCLUSION Despite a higher tumor load in LFA compared to BFA patients, survival was similar. A lower rate of treatment completion was observed with LFA. Uncertainty remains substantial due to imprecise estimates of treatment effects. In the absence of prospective trials, treatment of stage IV CRC patients should be individually tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghiasloo
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Surgery, Division of GI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Diana Pavlenko
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Marzia Verhaeghe
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Zoé Van Langenhove
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ortwin Uyttebroek
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and HPB Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Giammauro Berardi
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and HPB Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Roberto I Troisi
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Naples, Italy
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Surgery, Division of GI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRG), Ghent University, Belgium.
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21
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A meta-analysis of liver-first versus classical strategy for synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:537-546. [PMID: 31955217 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of liver-first (LFS) and classical (CS) strategy for the management of synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sCRLM). METHOD A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The odds ratio, weighted mean difference, and 95% confidence interval were evaluated by means of the random-effects model. RESULTS Ten articles met the inclusion criteria, incorporating 3656 patients. Patients in the LFS group reported increased size of sCRLM and a higher rate of major hepatectomies. This study reveals comparable overall survival and disease-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively between the two strategies. Moreover, the mean operative time, length of hospital stay, the incidence of severe complications, and the 30-day and 90-day mortality were similar between the two groups. The mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly increased in the LFS group. CONCLUSION These outcomes suggest that both approaches are feasible and safe. Given the lack of randomized clinical trials, this meta-analysis represents the best currently available evidence. However, the results should be treated with caution given the small number of the included studies. Randomized trials comparing LFS to CS are necessary to further evaluate their outcomes.
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22
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Coco D, Leanza S. Analysis of Treatment Option for Synchronous Liver Metastases and Colon Rectal Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4176-4178. [PMID: 32165972 PMCID: PMC7061367 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal or bowel cancer is one of the major causes of cancer worldwide. Research has shown that 15 to 20% colorectal cancer patients are also diagnosed with synchronous liver metastases (LM) at presentation and about one third eventually develop liver lesions. Management of cases with colorectal cancer comorbid with liver metastases is more complex. This highlights the need for suggesting the need for effective treatment while optimizing timing during surgical and medical treatment of primary plus metastatic disease. Such patients cases are likely to present with severe cancer biology and thereby less likely to be long-term survivors.
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23
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Avanzini S, Antal T. Cancer recurrence times from a branching process model. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007423. [PMID: 31751332 PMCID: PMC6871767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As cancer advances, cells often spread from the primary tumor to other parts of the body and form metastases. This is the main cause of cancer related mortality. Here we investigate a conceptually simple model of metastasis formation where metastatic lesions are initiated at a rate which depends on the size of the primary tumor. The evolution of each metastasis is described as an independent branching process. We assume that the primary tumor is resected at a given size and study the earliest time at which any metastasis reaches a minimal detectable size. The parameters of our model are estimated independently for breast, colorectal, headneck, lung and prostate cancers. We use these estimates to compare predictions from our model with values reported in clinical literature. For some cancer types, we find a remarkably wide range of resection sizes such that metastases are very likely to be present, but none of them are detectable. Our model predicts that only very early resections can prevent recurrence, and that small delays in the time of surgery can significantly increase the recurrence probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Avanzini
- School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tibor Antal
- School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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24
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Nierop P, Verseveld M, Galjart B, Rothbarth J, Nuyttens J, van Meerten E, Burger J, Grünhagen D, Verhoef C. The liver-first approach for locally advanced rectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 45:591-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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25
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Krell RW, D'Angelica MI. Treatment sequencing for simultaneous colorectal liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 2019; 119:583-593. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Xu F, Tang B, Jin TQ, Dai CL. Current status of surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:716-734. [PMID: 30510936 PMCID: PMC6264988 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i14.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis (LM) is one of the major causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Approximately 60% of CRC patients develop LM during the course of their illness. About 85% of these patients have unresectable disease at the time of presentation. Surgical resection is currently the only curative treatment for patients with colorectal LM (CRLM). In recent years, with the help of modern multimodality therapy including systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, the outcomes of CRLM treatment have significantly improved. This article summarizes the current status of surgical treatment of CRLM including evaluation of resectability, treatment for resectable LM, conversion therapy and liver transplantation for unresectable cases, liver resection for recurrent CRLM and elderly patients, and surgery for concomitant hepatic and extra-hepatic metastatic disease (EHMD). We believe that with the help of modern multimodality therapy, an aggressive oncosurgical approach should be implemented as it has the possibility of achieving a cure, even when EHMD is present in patients with CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao-Liu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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27
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Primary Tumor Versus Liver-First Approach for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases: An Association Française de Chirurgie (AFC) Multicenter-Based Study with Propensity Score Analysis. World J Surg 2018; 42:4046-4053. [PMID: 29947991 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Vallance AE, van der Meulen J, Kuryba A, Charman SC, Botterill ID, Prasad KR, Hill J, Jayne DG, Walker K. The timing of liver resection in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a population-based study of current practice and survival. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:486-495. [PMID: 29338108 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is uncertainty regarding the optimal sequence of surgery for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous liver metastases. This study was designed to describe temporal trends and inter-hospital variation in surgical strategy, and to compare long-term survival in a propensity score-matched analysis. METHOD The National Bowel Cancer Audit dataset was used to identify patients diagnosed with primary CRC between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 who underwent CRC resection in the English National Health Service. Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify those with synchronous liver-limited metastases who underwent liver resection. Survival outcomes of propensity score-matched groups were compared. RESULTS Of 1830 patients, 270 (14.8%) underwent a liver-first approach, 259 (14.2%) a simultaneous approach and 1301 (71.1%) a bowel-first approach. The proportion of patients undergoing either a liver-first or simultaneous approach increased over the study period from 26.8% in 2010 to 35.6% in 2015 (P < 0.001). There was wide variation in surgical approach according to hospital trust of diagnosis. There was no evidence of a difference in 4-year survival between the propensity score-matched cohorts according to surgical strategy: bowel first vs simultaneous [hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80-1.06)] or bowel first vs liver first [HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.82-1.19)]. CONCLUSION There is evidence of wide variation in surgical strategy in dealing with CRC and synchronous liver metastases. In selected patients, the simultaneous and liver-first strategies have comparable long-term survival to the bowel-first approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vallance
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
| | - J van der Meulen
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Kuryba
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
| | - S C Charman
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - K R Prasad
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - J Hill
- Department of General Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - D G Jayne
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K Walker
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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29
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Valdimarsson VT, Syk I, Lindell G, Norén A, Isaksson B, Sandström P, Rizell M, Ardnor B, Sturesson C. Outcomes of liver-first strategy and classical strategy for synchronous colorectal liver metastases in Sweden. HPB (Oxford) 2018; 20:441-447. [PMID: 29242035 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sCRLM) are increasingly operated with liver resection before resection of the primary cancer. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in patients following the liver-first strategy and the classical strategy (resection of the bowel first) using prospectively registered data from two nationwide registries. METHODS Clinical, pathological and survival outcomes were compared between the liver-first strategy and the classical strategy (2008-2015). Overall survival was calculated. RESULTS A total of 623 patients were identified, of which 246 were treated with the liver-first strategy and 377 with the classical strategy. The median follow-up was 40 months. Patients chosen for the classical strategy more often had T4 primary tumours (23% vs 14%, P = 0.012) and node-positive primaries (70 vs 61%, P = 0.015). The liver-first patients had a higher liver tumour burden score (4.1 (2.5-6.3) vs 3.6 (2.2-5.1), P = 0.003). No difference was seen in five-year overall survival between the groups (54% vs 49%, P = 0.344). A majority (59%) of patients with rectal cancer were treated with the liver-first strategy. CONCLUSION The liver-first strategy is currently the dominant strategy for sCRLM in patients with rectal cancer in Sweden. No difference in overall survival was noted between strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus T Valdimarsson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Surgery, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gert Lindell
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agneta Norén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rizell
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bjarne Ardnor
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
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30
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Abstract
Historically, the 5-year survival rates for patients with stage 4 (metastatic) colorectal cancer were extremely poor (5%); however, with advances in systemic chemotherapy combined with an ability to push the boundaries of surgical resection, survival rates in the range of 25–40% can be achieved. This multimodal approach of combining neo-adjuvant strategies with surgical resection has raised a number of questions regarding the optimal management and timing of surgery. For the purpose of this review, we will focus on the treatment of stage 4 colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Collins
- Department of Colon and Rectal surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heidi Chua
- Department of Colon and Rectal surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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