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Chauhan S, Sen S, Pushker N, Tandon R, Kashyap S, Vanathi M, Bajaj MS. Clinical Significance of Cyclin Expression Profiling in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:197-203. [PMID: 34657082 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) can recur, metastasize, and even cause death. Cyclins regulate the cell cycle progression at different phases and its dysregulation is associated with uncontrollable cell growth and malignant transformation of the cell. Overexpression of cyclin has been reported in various malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of cyclins in OSSN remains unexplored. This study has been designed to assess the prognostic significance of cyclin (cyclin B1, E1, and D1) immunoexpression in 100 OSSN patients. The targeted proteins demonstrated overexpression of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, and cyclin D1 in 55%, 37%, and 56% OSSN cases prospectively. A gradual and significant increase in the cyclin B1 (P=0.01) and cyclin D1 (P=0.005) expression was seen from Tis to the T4 category. Overexpression of cyclin B1 was associated with poor disease-free survival and worst prognosis in both early (P=0.03) as well as advanced T staged (P=0.038) OSSN patients. Overexpression of cyclin E1 was associated with worst disease-free survival (P=0.01) and poor prognosis in advanced stage OSSN patients. Our findings suggest that cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 have prognostic relevance in OSSN patients, and therefore are recommended for detecting high-risk category cases. A significant increase in the expression of cyclins from early to advanced stage indicates that cyclins play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSSN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea and External Disease, Cataract and Refractive, Ocular Oncology and Low Vision Services
| | | | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Grossmann NC, Schuettfort VM, Pradere B, Rajwa P, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, Motlagh RS, Aydh A, Katayama S, Moschini M, Fankhauser CD, Hermanns T, Abufaraj M, Mun DH, Zimmermann K, Fajkovic H, Haydter M, Shariat SF. Impact of preoperative systemic immune-inflammation Index on oncologic outcomes in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:106.e11-106.e19. [PMID: 34810077 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the predictive and prognostic value of the preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for clinically non-metastatic urothelial cancer of the bladder (UCB). METHODS Overall, 4,335 patients were included, and the cohort was stratified in two groups according to SII using an optimal cut-off determined by the Youden index. Uni- and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed, and the discriminatory ability by adding SII to a reference model based on available clinicopathologic variables was assessed by area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) and concordance-indices. The additional clinical net-benefit was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS High SII was observed in 1879 (43%) patients. On multivariable preoperative logistic regression, high SII was associated with lymph node involvement (LNI; P = 0.004), pT3/4 disease (P <0.001), and non-organ confined disease (NOCD; P <0.001) with improvement of AUCs for predicting LNI (P = 0.01) and pT3/4 disease (P = 0.01). On multivariable Cox regression including preoperative available clinicopathologic values, high SII was associated with recurrence-free survival (P = 0.028), cancer-specific survival (P = 0.005), and overall survival (P = 0.006), without improvement of concordance-indices. On DCAs, the inclusion of SII did not meaningfully improve the net-benefit for clinical decision-making in all models. CONCLUSION High preoperative SII is independently associated with pathologic features of aggressive disease and worse survival outcomes. However, it did not improve the discriminatory margin of a prediction model beyond established clinicopathologic features and failed to add clinical benefit for decision making. The implementation of SII as a part of a panel of biomarkers in future studies might improve decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico C Grossmann
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reza S Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Abdulmajeed Aydh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satoshi Katayama
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Urology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dong-Ho Mun
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Zimmermann
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Service Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Harun Fajkovic
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Society, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Haydter
- Department of Urology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Special Surgery, Division of Urology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Karl Landsteiner Society, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX.
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3
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Ma G, Yang L, Dong J, Zhang L. CCNE1 promotes progression and is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1168-1178. [PMID: 34792009 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666211118112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has shown that Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) facilitates various carcinoma progression, but its function in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the significance of CCNE1 in clinical progression and study its biological functions in LUAD. METHODS CCNE1 expressions in LUAD specimens and cells were detected through quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-RCR) and western blot. An immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect CCNE1 expression to explore its association with clinical parameters. The LUAD cells with stable knockdown of CCNE1 were constructed by small interfering RNA. The effect of CCNE1 on LUAD cells proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and Annexin V/propidium iodide (AV-PI) assays, respectively. The cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The xenograft and lung metastasis mouse models were introduced to analyze how CCNE1 knockdown affects tumor growth and tumor metastasis. RESULTS CCNE1 expression was upregulated in LUAD tissue and cells. CCNE1 knockdown inhibited LUAD cellular malignant behavior in vitro and reduced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. High expression of CCNE1 was correlated with big tumor size, cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS CCNE1 overexpression promotes LUAD growth, metastasis, and forebode poor prognosis: it can serve as a new prognostic marker of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199. China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Hemodialysis Room, East Hospital, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000. China
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4
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Schuettfort VM, Gust K, D'Andrea D, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, Rink M, Abufaraj M, Karakiewicz PI, Luzzago S, Rouprêt M, Enikeev D, Zimmermann K, Deuker M, Moschini M, Sari Motlagh R, Grossmann NC, Katayama S, Pradere B, Shariat SF. Impact of the preoperative modified glasgow prognostic score on disease outcome after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2021; 74:302-312. [PMID: 34114784 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.21.04216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the predictive and prognostic value of the preoperative modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) treated with radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of an established multicenter database consisting of 4,335 patients who were treated with RC +/- adjuvant chemotherapy for UCB between 1979 and 2012. The mGPS of each patient was calculated on the basis of preoperative serum C-reactive protein and albumin. Uni- and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed. The discriminatory ability of the models was assessed by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) and concordance-indices (C-Index). The additional clinical net-benefit was assessed using the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A mGPS of 0, 1, and 2 was observed in 3,158 (72.8%), 1,020 (23.5%), and 157 (3.6%) patients, respectively. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, mGPS of 1 or 2 were associated with an increased risk of pT3/4 disease at RC (OR 1.25, p=0.004 and OR 2.58, p<0.001, respectively) and/or lymph node metastasis (OR 1.7, p<0.001 and OR 3.9, p<0.001, respectively). Addition of the mGPS to a predictive model based on preoperatively available variables improved its accuracy for prediction of lymph node metastasis (change of AUC +3.7%, p<0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, mGPS of 1 or 2 remained associated with worse recurrence-free survival (HR 1.14, p=0.03 and HR 1.89 p<0.001, respectively), cancer-specific survival (HR 1.16, p=0.032 and HR 2.1, p<0.001, respectively) and overall survival (HR 1.5, p=0.007 and HR 1.92 p<0.001, respectively) compared to mGPS of 0. The additional discriminatory ability of the mGPS for prognosis of survival outcomes in separate models that included either established pre- or postoperative variables did not improve the C-Index by a prognostically relevant degree (change of C-Index <2% for all models). On DCA, the inclusion of the mGPS did not meaningfully improve the net-benefit for clinical decision-making regarding survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that an elevated mGPS is an independent risk factor for non-organ confined disease and poor survival outcomes in patients with UCB undergoing RC. However, the mGPS showed little value in improving the discriminatory ability of predictive and prognostic models that relied on either pre- or postoperative clinicopathological variables. The discriminatory ability of this biomarker in the age of immunotherapy warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Gust
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- GRC n°5, Predictive Onco-Urology, Ap-Hp, Urology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina Deuker
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nico C Grossmann
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Katayama
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria - .,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria.,European Association of Urology Research Foundation, Arnhem, Netherlands
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5
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Schuettfort VM, Pradere B, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, Quhal F, Motlagh RS, Rink M, Karakiewicz PI, Deuker M, Moschini M, Stolzenbach LF, Trinh QD, Briganti A, D’Andrea D, Shariat SF. Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Radical Cystectomy for Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in the Elderly –An International Multicenter Study. Bladder Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer, but approximately half of all patients will ultimately succumb to disease progression despite apparent cure with extirpative surgery. Elderly patients are at especially high risk of advanced disease and may benefit from perioperative systemic therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the real-world benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients ≥75 years old. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent RC for non-metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) from 12 participating international medical institutions. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models were used to assess the association between age groups, administration of AC and oncological outcome parameters such as recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: 4,335 patients were included in the analyses, of which 820 (18.9%) were ≥75 years old. These elderly patients had a higher rate of adverse pathologic features. In an univariable subgroup analysis in patients ≥75 years with lymph node metastasis, 5-year OS was significantly higher in patients who had received AC (41% vs. 30.9%, p = 0.02). In a multivariable Cox model that was adjusted for several established outcome predictors, there was a significant favorable association between the administration of AC in elderly patients and OS, but no RFS or CSS. CONCLUSIONS: In this large observational study, the administration of AC was associated with improved OS, but not RFS or CSS, in elderly patients treated with RC for UCB. This is of clinical importance, as elderly patients are more likely to have adverse pathologic features and experience worse survival outcomes. Treatment of UCB should include both a multidisciplinary approach and a geriatric evaluation to identify patients who are most likely to tolerate and benefit from AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Deuker
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Franziska Stolzenbach
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David D’Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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6
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Schuettfort VM, D'Andrea D, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, König F, Rink M, Abufaraj M, Karakiewicz PI, Luzzago S, Rouprêt M, Enikeev D, Zimmermann K, Deuker M, Moschini M, Sari Motlagh R, Grossmann NC, Katayama S, Pradere B, Shariat SF. A panel of systemic inflammatory response biomarkers for outcome prediction in patients treated with radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int 2021; 129:182-193. [PMID: 33650265 PMCID: PMC9291893 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the predictive and prognostic value of a panel of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) biomarkers relative to established clinicopathological variables in order to improve patient selection and facilitate more efficient delivery of peri‐operative systemic therapy. Materials and Methods The preoperative serum levels of a panel of SIR biomarkers, including albumin–globulin ratio, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, De Ritis ratio, monocyte–lymphocyte ratio and modified Glasgow prognostic score were assessed in 4199 patients treated with radical cystectomy for clinically non‐metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Patients were randomly divided into a training and a testing cohort. A machine‐learning‐based variable selection approach (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression) was used for the fitting of several multivariable predictive and prognostic models. The outcomes of interest included prediction of upstaging to carcinoma invading bladder muscle (MIBC), lymph node involvement, pT3/4 disease, cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). The discriminatory ability of each model was either quantified by area under the receiver‐operating curves or by the C‐index. After validation and calibration of each model, a nomogram was created and decision‐curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical net benefit. Results For all outcome variables, at least one SIR biomarker was selected by the machine‐learning process to be of high discriminative power during the fitting of the models. In the testing cohort, model performance evaluation for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis, ≥pT3 disease and upstaging to MIBC showed a 200‐fold bootstrap‐corrected area under the curve of 67.3%, 73% and 65.8%, respectively. For postoperative prognosis of CSS and RFS, a 200‐fold bootstrap corrected C‐index of 73.3% and 72.2%, respectively, was found. However, even the most predictive combinations of SIR biomarkers only marginally increased the discriminative ability of the respective model in comparison to established clinicopathological variables. Conclusion While our machine‐learning approach for fitting of the models with the highest discriminative ability incorporated several previously validated SIR biomarkers, these failed to improve the discriminative ability of the models to a clinically meaningful degree. While the prognostic and predictive value of such cheap and readily available biomarkers warrants further evaluation in the age of immunotherapy, additional novel biomarkers are still needed to improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frederik König
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Urology, Predictive Onco-Urology, AP-HP, Urology Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina Deuker
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nico C Grossmann
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Katayama
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria.,European Association of Urology Research Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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7
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Laukhtina E, D’Andrea D, Pradere B, Enikeev D, Abufaraj M, Shariat SF. Prognostic models to help predict patient responses to intravesical immunotherapy. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1768845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - David D’Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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8
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The role of SOX18 in bladder cancer and its underlying mechanism in mediating cellular functions. Life Sci 2019; 232:116614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Kimura S, Soria F, D’Andrea D, Foerster B, Abufaraj M, Vartolomei MD, Karakiewicz PI, Mathieu R, Moschini M, Rink M, Egawa S, Shariat SF, Gust KM. Prognostic Value of Serum Cholinesterase in Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:e1123-e1132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Purpose Use of molecular markers in urine, tissue or blood offers potential opportunities to improve understanding of bladder cancer biology which may help identify disease earlier, risk stratify patients, improve prediction of outcomes or help target therapy. Methods A review of the published literature was performed, without restriction of time. Results Despite the fast-growing literature about the topic and the approval of several urinary biomarkers for use in clinical practice, they have not reached the level of evidence for widespread utilization. Biomarkers could be used in different clinical scenarios, mainly to overcome the limitations of current diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic tools. They have been evaluated to detect bladder cancer in asymptomatic populations or those with hematuria and in surveillance of disease as adjuncts to cystoscopy. There is also a potential role as prognosticators of disease recurrence, progression and survival both in patients with non-invasive cancers and in those with advanced disease. Finally, they promise to be helpful in predicting the response to local and/or systemic chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Conclusions To date, due to the lack of high-quality prospective trials, the level of evidence provided by the current literature remains low and, therefore, the potential of biomarkers exceeds utilization in clinical practice.
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11
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Zhao H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Yang S, Li L, Yang H. Prognostic Values of CCNE1 Amplification and Overexpression in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:2397-2407. [PMID: 30026836 PMCID: PMC6036712 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies revealed that CCNE1 copy number amplification and overexpression (on mRNA or protein expression level) were associated with prognosis of diverse cancers, however, the results were inconsistent among studies. So we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic values of CCNE1 amplification and overexpression in cancer patients. PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, CNKI and WanFang database (last update by February 15, 2018) were searched for literatures. A total of 20 studies were included and 5 survival assessment parameters were measured in this study, which included overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), recurrence free survival (RFS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). Pooled analyses showed that CCNE1 amplification might predict poor OS (HR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05-2.40, p=0.027) rather than PFS (HR=1.49, 95% CI: 0.83-2.67, p=0.177) and RFS (HR=0.982, 95% CI: 0.2376-4.059, p=0.9801) in various cancers; CCNE1 overexpression significantly correlated with poor OS (HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.20, p=0.027), PFS (HR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.34, p=0.001) and DMFS (HR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.09-2.40, p=0.017) rather than RFS (HR=1.68, 95% CI: 0.81-3.50, p=0.164) and CSS (HR=1.54, 95% CI: 0.74-3.18, p=0.246). On the whole, these results indicated CCNE1 amplification and overexpression were associated with poor survival of patients with cancer, suggesting that CCNE1 might be an effective prognostic signature for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhao
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Huangshi Maternity And Children's Health Hospital Edong Healthcare Group, No.80 Guilin Road, Huangshi 43500, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology, Huangshi Maternity And Children's Health Hospital Edong Healthcare Group, No.80 Guilin Road, Huangshi 43500, China
| | - Shuangxiang Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Huangshi Maternity And Children's Health Hospital Edong Healthcare Group, No.80 Guilin Road, Huangshi 43500, China
| | - Lisong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
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12
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Ilijazi D, Abufaraj M, Hassler MR, Ertl IE, D'Andrea D, Shariat SF. Waiting in the wings: the emerging role of molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 29542328 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1453808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and is, in fact, the most expensive cancer on a per-patient to treat basis. There is a critical need to implement new tests into clinical practice to improve the quality of clinical care, decrease unnecessary invasive therapies and ultimately save costs. Currently, no molecular or genetic biomarker has been widely integrated into daily clinical practice. However, major milestones have been achieved in our understanding of the molecular alterations in BCa that will provide the basis for integrating molecular and genetic biomarkers into clinical decision making to guide management. Clinical implementation of such novel molecular and genetic concepts is the cornerstone in an effort to usher the age of precision medicine into patient care. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the emerging role of molecular biomarkers in patients receiving BCG immunotherapy as well as neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in BCa. Expert commentary: Molecular predictive and prognostic biomarkers in BCa are promising diagnostic options that will pave the way for molecular-based personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Ilijazi
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Department of Special Surgery , Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Melanie R Hassler
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Iris E Ertl
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology , Vienna , Austria.,d Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.,e Department of Urology , Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
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13
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Said N. Roles of SPARC in urothelial carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67574-67585. [PMID: 27564266 PMCID: PMC5341897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein that is implicated in myriad physiological and pathological conditions characterized by extensive remodeling and plasticity. The functions and disease association of SPARC in cancer is being increasingly appreciated as it plays multi-faceted contextual roles depending on the cancer type, cell of origin and the unique cancer milieu at both primary and metastatic sites. Herein we will review our current knowledge of the role of SPARC in the multistep cascades of urinary bladder carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis from preclinical models and clinical data and shine the light on its prognostic and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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14
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Volpe A, Racioppi M, D'Agostino D, Cappa E, Gardi M, Totaro A, Pinto F, Sacco E, Marangi F, Palermo G, Bassi P. Bladder Tumor Markers: A Review of the Literature. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 23:249-61. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the top eight most frequent cancers. Its natural history is related to a combination of factors that impact on its aggressiveness. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the currently used techniques for the diagnosis and surveillance of non-invasive bladder tumors. The sensitivity of urine cytology for diagnosis is not high, particularly in low-grade tumors. The combination of voided urine cytology and new diagnostic urine tests would be ideal for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. However, in order to have some clinical utility, new diagnostic and/or prognostic markers should achieve better predictive capacity that the currently used diagnostic tools. None of the markers evaluated over the last years showed remarkable sensitivity or specificity for the identification of any of the diverse types of bladder cancer in clinical practice. The limitations of the known prognostic markers have led to the research of new molecular markers for early detection of bladder cancer. This research focused in particular on the discovery of biomarkers capable of reducing the need for periodic cystoscopies or, ideally, offering a non-invasive examination instead. In this review, we will examine various new markers of bladder cancer and their value in the diagnosis and follow-up of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. When compared with urine cytology, which showed the highest specificity, most of these markers demonstrated an increased sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Volpe
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - M. Racioppi
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - D. D'Agostino
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - E. Cappa
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - M. Gardi
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - A. Totaro
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - F. Pinto
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - E. Sacco
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - F. Marangi
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - G. Palermo
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
| | - P.F. Bassi
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome - Italy
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15
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Abstract
Although there have been many recent discoveries in the molecular alterations associated with urothelial carcinoma, current understanding of this disease lags behind many other malignancies. Historically, a two-pathway model had been applied to distinguish low- and high-grade urothelial carcinoma, although significant overlap and increasing complexity of molecular alterations has been recently described. In many cases, mutations in HRAS and FGFR3 that affect the MAPK and PI3K pathways seem to be associated with noninvasive low-grade papillary tumors, whereas mutations in TP53 and RB that affect the G1-S transition of the cell cycle are associated with high-grade in situ and invasive carcinoma. However, recent large-scale analyses have identified overlap in these pathways relative to morphology, and in addition, many other variants in a wide variety of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have been identified. New technologies including next-generation sequencing have enabled more detailed analysis of urothelial carcinoma, and several groups have proposed molecular classification systems based on these data, although consensus is elusive. This article reviews the current understanding of alterations affecting oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes associated with urothelial carcinoma, and their application in the context of morphology and classification schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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16
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Gao B, Yu T, Xue D, Sun B, Shao Q, Choudhry H, Marcus V, Ragoussis J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Gao ZH. A multidimensional integration analysis reveals potential bridging targets in the process of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628609 PMCID: PMC5476238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 9% of cancer-related deaths are caused by colorectal cancer. Liver metastasis is a major factor for the high colorectal cancer mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer liver metastasis remains unclear. Using a global and multidimensional integration approach, we studied sequencing data, protein-protein interactions, and regulation of transcription factor and non-coding RNAs in primary tumor samples and liver metastasis samples to unveil the potential bridging molecules and the regulators that functionally link different stages of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Primary tumor samples and liver metastasis samples had modules with significant overlap and crosstalk from which we identified several bridging genes (e.g. KNG1 and COX5B), transcription factors (e.g. E2F4 and CDX2), microRNAs (e.g. miR-590-3p and miR-203) and lncRNAs (e.g. lincIRX5 and lincFOXF1) that may play an important role in the process of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic alterations and transcriptional regulation that drive the metastatic process, but also provides the methodology to guide the studies on other metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tian Yu
- Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Marcus
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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El-Gendi S, Abu-Sheasha G. Ki-67 and Cell Cycle Regulators p53, p63 and cyclinD1 as Prognostic Markers for Recurrence/ Progression of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:309-322. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Bayrak A, Palanduz S, Coskunpinar E, Sanli O, Armagan A, Karakus S, Topaktas R, Cefle K, Ozturk S, Ucur A. Roles of Signal Transducer Pathways in Investigation of Biopsies from Patients with Bladder Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:201-205. [PMID: 28240520 PMCID: PMC5563101 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.1.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The process of development of bladder cancer features alteration of normal biological conditions caused by changes in molecular pathways. Removing control over regulation of these pathways could lead to changes in signal transduction and abnormal regulation of genes. During tumor formation and progression, genes regulate critical cellular processes, involved in cell cycling, growth and death. Here we evaluated the expression and prognostic importance of FGFR1, HRAS, CCND1, CCND3, STAT3 and FAS genes. Methods: Tumor tissues of 44 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were investigated for changes in expression levels of FGFR1, HRAS, CCND1, CCND3, FAS and STAT3 genes by the RT-PCR method. Signal transduction pathways and expression of individual genes related to these pathways were analyzed using the “One Sample Test”. Results: There were statistically significant changes in the expression levels of HRAS, CCND1, CCND3 and STAT3, but not FGFR1 and FAS genes. Examination of associations with age, gender, smoking, chemotherapy, tumor grade and tumor growth pattern using the “Independent Samples Test”, showed importance relations between the CCND1 gene and cigarette smoking and sex. Conclusion: Over-expression of HRAS, CCND1, CCND3 and STAT3 genes may play roles in bladder cancer development and progression, while cigarette smoking is significantly associated with CCND1 gene expression and consequently concluded to be contributing to the development of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Bayrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. and
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19
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Passoni N, Gayed B, Kapur P, Sagalowsky AI, Shariat SF, Lotan Y. Cell-cycle markers do not improve discrimination of EORTC and CUETO risk models in predicting recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive high-grade bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:485.e7-485.e14. [PMID: 27637323 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess if a panel of cell-cycle markers could improve the discrimination of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Spanish Urological Club for Oncological Treatment (CUETO) models in predicting recurrence and progression of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2007 and January 2012, every patient with high-grade NMIBC treated with transurethral resection of bladder underwent immunohistochemical staining for 5 biomarkers (p21, p27, p53, KI-67, and cyclin E1). We excluded patients who had muscle-insvasive disease, underwent early cystectomy, and those with incomplete follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves assessed recurrence and progression-free survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis assessed the predictive ability of markers after correcting for EORTC or CUETO risk scores. Harrel concordance index assessed for discrimination. RESULTS There were 131 patients with a median follow-up of 31.1 months. Stage was Ta (50%), T1 (44%), and Tis (8%). For 95 patients this was the primary tumor. Intravesical therapy was used in 76% of cases of which 45% had maintenance. Recurrence-free survival rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 68.9%, 52.1%, and 33.2%, respectively, whereas progression-free survival rate at 6, 12, and 24 months were 93.8%, 88%, and 84.3%, respectively. No differences in survival based on number of altered markers were noted. Biomarker status was neither a significant predictor of recurrence nor progression. Marker alterations marginally improved discrimination of EORTC and CUETO models, which were confirmed to be mediocre. CONCLUSIONS Markers were not significant predictors of recurrence nor progression in patients with high-grade NMIBC and their addition to prediction models is of little benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Passoni
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Bishoy Gayed
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Chesapeake Urology, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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20
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Passoni NM, Shariat SF, Bagrodia A, Francis F, Rachakonda V, Xylinas E, Kapur P, Sagalowsky AI, Lotan Y. Concordance in Biomarker Status Between Bladder Tumors at Time of Transurethral Resection and Subsequent Radical Cystectomy: Results of a 5-year Prospective Study. Bladder Cancer 2016; 2:91-99. [PMID: 27376130 PMCID: PMC4927883 DOI: 10.3233/blc-150036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the concordance rate in alterations of molecular markers at the time of transurethral resection (TUR) and subsequent radical cystectomy (RC) among patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Methods: We prospectively performed immunohistochemical staining p53, p21, p27, Ki-67 and cyclin E1 on TUR and on RC specimens from 102 patients treated with RC and bilateral lymphadenectomy for high-grade UCB. We analyzed the concordance rate of individual markers and of the number of altered markers. Concordant and discordant findings were reported in the overall population and according to clinical stage. Results: Median patient age was 74 years (IQR 67–79) and mostly male (86%). Median time from TUR to RC was 1.5 months (IQR 1.0–2.4). Clinical stage at time of RC was cTa/Tis/T1 in 50% , cT2 in 47% , and cT4 in 1% of patients Nine (9%) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The concordance of biomarkers between TUR and RC specimens was 92.2% , 77.5% , 80.4% , 77.5% , and 83.3% for cyclin E1, p21, p27, p53 and Ki-67, respectively. The concordance between number of altered biomarkers was 51.0%. Conclusions: The rate of individual marker alterations at time of TUR closely approximates that found at RC specimens. However, the correlation of number of altered markers is lower. Molecular marker status at TUR could help predict the marker status at RC and may help guide multimodal therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò M Passoni
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Franto Francis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Varun Rachakonda
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arthur I Sagalowsky
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
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21
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Xu Z, Zeng X, Xu J, Xu D, Li J, Jin H, Jiang G, Han X, Huang C. Isorhapontigenin suppresses growth of patient-derived glioblastoma spheres through regulating miR-145/SOX2/cyclin D1 axis. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:830-9. [PMID: 26681767 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, and glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered a major source of treatment resistance for glioblastoma. Identifying new compounds that inhibit the growth of GSCs and understanding their underlying molecular mechanisms are therefore important for developing novel therapy for GBM. METHODS We investigated the potential inhibitory effect of isorhapontigenin (ISO), an anticancer compound identified in our recent investigations, on anchorage-independent growth of patient-derived glioblastoma spheres (PDGS) and its mechanism of action. RESULTS ISO treatment resulted in significant anchorage-independent growth inhibition, accompanied with cell cycle G0-G1 arrest and cyclin D1 protein downregulation in PDGS. Further studies established that cyclin D1 was downregulated by ISO at transcription levels in a SOX2-dependent manner. In addition, ISO attenuated SOX2 expression by specific induction of miR-145, which in turn suppressed 3'UTR activity of SOX2 mRNA without affecting its mRNA stability. Moreover, ectopic expression of exogenous SOX2 rendered D456 cells resistant to induction of cell cycle G0-G1 arrest and anchorage-independent growth inhibition upon ISO treatment, whereas inhibition of miR-145 resulted in D456 cells resistant to ISO inhibition of SOX2 and cyclin D1 expression. In addition, overexpression of miR-145 mimicked ISO treatment in D456 cells. CONCLUSIONS ISO induces miR-145 expression, which binds to the SOX2 mRNA 3'UTR region and inhibits SOX2 protein translation. Inhibition of SOX2 leads to cyclin D1 downregulation and PDGS anchorage-independent growth inhibition. The elucidation of the miR-145/SOX2/cyclin D1 axis in PDGS provides a significant insight into understanding the anti-GBM effect of ISO compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Xingruo Zeng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Derek Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York (Z.X., X.Z., J.X., D.X., J.L., H.J., G.J., C.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Z.X.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.)
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22
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Maia LBL, Breginski FSC, Cavalcanti TCS, de Souza RLR, Roxo VMS, Ribeiro EMSF. No difference in CCND1 gene expression between breast cancer patients with and without lymph node metastasis in a Southern Brazilian sample. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:593-598. [PMID: 26409837 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Cyclin D1 protein has been extensively studied over the last decades, for its various roles in physiological processes, both in normal and cancer cells. Gene amplifications and overexpression of CCND1 are frequently reported in several types of cancers, including breast carcinomas, showing the increasing relevance of Cyclin D1 in tumorigenesis. Little is known about the role of this protein in the metastatic process, and the main objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of the CCND1 as a potential marker of tumor progression in breast carcinomas, in a sample collected in Southern Brazil. We studied 41 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from invasive ductal breast carcinomas subdivided into metastatic (n = 19) and non-metastatic (n = 22) tumors. Gene expression analysis was performed through Quantitative Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In spite of the higher expression levels of CCND1 mRNA and protein in tumors when compared with the control samples, no differences were observed between the metastatic and non-metastatic groups, suggesting that, in these samples, the expression of CCND1 has no significant influence on the metastatic process. Further studies must be performed in an attempt to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic value of Cyclin D1 in breast cancers, as well as the mechanisms that trigger its overexpression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B L Maia
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F S C Breginski
- Citolab- Laboratório de Citopatologia e Histopatologia, Batel, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T C S Cavalcanti
- Citolab- Laboratório de Citopatologia e Histopatologia, Batel, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R L R de Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - V M S Roxo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E M S F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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23
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Sun JJ, Wu Y, Lu YM, Zhang HZ, Wang T, Yang XQ, Sun MH, Wang CF. Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Can Inform the Differential Diagnosis of Low-Grade Noninvasive Urothelial Carcinoma with an Inverted Growth Pattern and Inverted Urothelial Papilloma. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208279 PMCID: PMC4514649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) comprises a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with diverse biological behaviors and variable clinical outcomes. Distinguishing UC histological subtypes has become increasingly important because prognoses and therapy can dramatically differ among subtypes. In clinical work, overlapping morphological findings between low-grade noninvasive UC (LGNUC), which exhibits an inverted growth pattern, and inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) can make subclassification difficult. We propose a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular cytogenetics for subtyping these clinical entities. In our study, tissue microarray immunohistochemical profiles of Ki-67, p53, cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and cyclinD1 were assessed. Molecular genetic alterations such as the gain of chromosomes 3, 7 or 17 or the homozygous loss of 9p21 were also assessed for their usefulness in differentiating these conditions. Based on our analysis, Ki-67 and CK20 may be useful for the differential diagnosis of these two tumor types. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can also provide important data in cases in which the malignant nature of an inverted urothelial neoplasm is unclear. LGNUC with an inverted growth pattern that is negative for both Ki-67 and CK20 can be positively detected using FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Hong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Fu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Płuciennik E, Nowakowska M, Stępien A, Wołkowicz M, Stawiński A, Różański W, Lipiński M, Bednarek AK. Alternating expression levels of WWOX tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes in patients with bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2291-2297. [PMID: 25295115 PMCID: PMC4186597 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the roles of the WWOX tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes in bladder tumor carcinogenesis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the status of WWOX promoter methylation (using MethylScreen™ technology) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in papillary urothelial cancer tissues. The associations between the expression levels of the following tumorigenesis-related genes were also assessed: The WWOX tumor suppressor gene, the MKI67 proliferation gene, the BAX, BCL2 and BIRC5 apoptotic genes, the EGFR signal transduction gene, the VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor gene, and the CCND1 and CCNE1 cell cycle genes. The results reveal a high frequency of LOH in intron 1 in the WWOX gene, as well as an association between reduced WWOX expression levels and increased promoter methylation. In addition, the present study demonstrates that in bladder tumors, apoptosis is inhibited by increased expression levels of the BCL2 gene. A correlation between the proliferation indices of the MKI67 and the BIRC5 genes was also revealed. Furthermore, the expression levels of VEGF were identified to be positively associated with those of the EGFR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Anna Stępien
- Laboratory of Clinical and Transplant Immunology and Genetics, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz 93-513, Poland
| | | | - Adam Stawiński
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Waldemar Różański
- Second Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz 93-513, Poland
| | - Marek Lipiński
- Second Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz 93-513, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
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25
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Keck B, Ellmann C, Stoehr R, Weigelt K, Goebell PJ, Kunath F, Taubert H, Hartmann A, Wullich B, Wach S. Comparative genomic hybridization shows complex genomic changes of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:1234-9. [PMID: 25087089 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe genomic imbalances in plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC), which is a rare and aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC). METHODS AND MATERIALS In total, 25 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PUCs were analyzed by metaphase comparative genomic hybridization. Genomic imbalances were considered to be characteristic if they were detected in ≥ 20% of the cases. Chromosome regions deviating by ≥ 3 standard deviations from the average chromosome profile were scored as chromosomal gains or losses. Copy-number variations (CNVs) of CDH1 (16q 22.1), SNAI1 (20q 13.1), CCND1 (11q13.3), ERBB2 (17q12), and FOXO3 (6q21) were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Chromosomal aberrations were detected in every PUC analyzed, and the average number of aberrations was 10.24 (ranging from 1-15). Characteristic aberrations were gains on 1q (48%), 3p (20%), 6p (32%), 11q (72%), 15q (36%), 16q (44%), 17p (76%), 17q (88%), and 20q (88%) and losses on 2q (24%) 4p (36%), 4q (84%), 5q (44%), 6q (68%), 13q (20%), and Xq (52%). polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of CNV for CCND1 (11q13) showed a deletion in 73% of the cases. CDH1 (16q22) was deleted in 72% and amplified in 5%. ERBB2 (17q12) displayed remarkably few copy-number alterations, with only 14% showing an amplification. SNAI1 (20q13) showed reduced gene copy numbers in 59.1% of the cases, whereas no copy-number gains were detected. FOXO3 (6q21) exhibited the lowest number of copy-number alterations, with 9% of all cases showing an amplification. CONCLUSIONS In PUCs, the frequency of aneuploidy and the complexity of genomic changes per tumor are greater than those described in conventional UC. The aberrations described in PUC involve the same regions that are associated with aggressive biological behavior in conventional UC. Gains on 11q, 17q, 17p, and 20q and losses on 4q and 6q affect most PUCs and seem to harbor important chromosomal regions for PUC carcinogenesis. Large-scale deletions on chromosome 9 were not detected. CNV analysis indicates heterozygous deletion of CDH1 as one underlying mechanism of loss of membranous E-cadherin in PUC. Loss of CCND1 and SNAI1 is a common molecular feature and could contribute to the aggressive biological behavior of PUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Keck
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christina Ellmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Weigelt
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter J Goebell
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Kunath
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Sanguedolce F, Bufo P, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Predictive markers in bladder cancer: Do we have molecular markers ready for clinical use? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:291-304. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.930412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Combining smoking information and molecular markers improves prognostication in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:433-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Xylinas E, Kluth LA, Lotan Y, Daneshmand S, Rieken M, Karakiewicz PI, Shariat SF. Blood- and tissue-based biomarkers for prediction of outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:230-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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CCND1/CyclinD1 status in metastasizing bladder cancer: a prognosticator and predictor of chemotherapeutic response. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:87-95. [PMID: 23887292 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CCND1 gene encodes the protein CyclinD1, which is an important promoter of the cell cycle and a prognostic and predictive factor in different cancers. CCND1 is amplified to a substantial proportion in various tumors, and this may contribute to CyclinD1 overexpression. In bladder cancer, information about the clinical relevance of CCND1/CyclinD1 alterations is limited. In the present study, amplification status of CCND1 and expression of CyclinD1 were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 152 lymph node-positive urothelial bladder cancers (one sample each from the center and invasion front of the primary tumors, two samples per corresponding lymph node metastasis) treated by cystectomy and lymphadenectomy. CCND1 amplification status and the percentage of immunostained cancer cells were correlated with histopathological tumor characteristics, cancer-specific survival and response to adjuvant chemotherapy. CCND1 amplification in primary tumors was homogeneous in 15% and heterogeneous in 6% (metastases: 22 and 2%). Median nuclear CyclinD1 expression in amplified samples was similar in all tumor compartments (60-70% immunostained tumor nuclei) and significantly higher than in non-amplified samples (5-20% immunostained tumor nuclei; P<0.05). CCND1 status and CyclinD1 expression were not associated with primary tumor stage or lymph node tumor burden. CCND1 amplification in primary tumors (P=0.001) and metastases (P=0.02) and high nuclear CyclinD1 in metastases (P=0.01) predicted early cancer-related death independently. Subgroup analyses showed that chemotherapy was particularly beneficial in patients with high nuclear CyclinD1 expression in the metastases, whereas expression in primary tumors and CCND1 status did not predict chemotherapeutic response. In conclusion, CCND1 amplification status and CyclinD1 expression are independent risk factors in metastasizing bladder cancer. High nuclear CyclinD1 expression in lymph node metastases predicts favorable response to chemotherapy. This information may help to personalize prognostication and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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30
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Shariat SF, Passoni N, Bagrodia A, Rachakonda V, Xylinas E, Robinson B, Kapur P, Sagalowsky AI, Lotan Y. Prospective evaluation of a preoperative biomarker panel for prediction of upstaging at radical cystectomy. BJU Int 2013; 113:70-6. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - Niccolo Passoni
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY USA
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| | - Varun Rachakonda
- Department of Urology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY USA
| | - Brian Robinson
- Department of Pathology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| | - Arthur I. Sagalowsky
- Department of Urology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; Dallas TX USA
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31
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Target protein for Xklp2 (TPX2), a microtubule-related protein, contributes to malignant phenotype in bladder carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:4089-100. [PMID: 23873098 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated that TPX2 was highly expressed and tightly associated with human tumor development and progression. However, its precise role in bladder carcinoma remains to be delineated. In the present study, we revealed the high expression of TPX2 at both mRNA and protein levels in bladder carcinoma tissues and cells, and TPX2 levels in pN1-3 and pT2-4 status were significantly higher than those in pN0 and pTa-T1 status, respectively. Additionally, high TPX2 level was strongly associated with pT status (P = 0.001), higher histological grade (P = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022), and shorter survival time (P = 0.0279). Further investigation showed that TPX2 level in T24 cells was markedly higher than those in 5637, J82 and RT4 cells, in which RT4, a well-differentiated cell line derived from bladder carcinoma with low-grade non-invasive T0, displayed the lowest TPX2 mRNA and protein levels. Besides, TPX2 overexpression promoted proliferation and tumorigenicity, shortened cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and suppressed cell apoptosis in T24 cells; conversely, TPX2 depletion exhibited opposite effects. Furthermore, TPX2 overexpression evoked the elevation of cyclin D1 and cdk2 levels as well as reduction of p21 level and caspase-3 activity, whereas reversed effects were observed in TPX2-depleted T24 cells. Taken altogether, TPX2 may play a central role in the development and progression of bladder carcinoma, and thus inhibition of TPX2 level may be a novel strategy for therapy of the patients with bladder carcinoma.
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32
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Fang Y, Cao Z, Hou Q, Ma C, Yao C, Li J, Wu XR, Huang C. Cyclin d1 downregulation contributes to anticancer effect of isorhapontigenin on human bladder cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1492-503. [PMID: 23723126 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Isorhapontigenin (ISO) is a new derivative of stilbene compound that was isolated from the Chinese herb Gnetum Cleistostachyum and has been used for treatment of bladder cancers for centuries. In our current studies, we have explored the potential inhibitory effect and molecular mechanisms underlying isorhapontigenin anticancer effects on anchorage-independent growth of human bladder cancer cell lines. We found that isorhapontigenin showed a significant inhibitory effect on human bladder cancer cell growth and was accompanied with related cell cycle G(0)-G(1) arrest as well as downregulation of cyclin D1 expression at the transcriptional level in UMUC3 and RT112 cells. Further studies identified that isorhapontigenin downregulated cyclin D1 gene transcription via inhibition of specific protein 1 (SP1) transactivation. Moreover, ectopic expression of GFP-cyclin D1 rendered UMUC3 cells resistant to induction of cell-cycle G(0)-G(1) arrest and inhibition of cancer cell anchorage-independent growth by isorhapontigenin treatment. Together, our studies show that isorhapontigenin is an active compound that mediates Gnetum Cleistostachyum's induction of cell-cycle G(0)-G(1) arrest and inhibition of cancer cell anchorage-independent growth through downregulating SP1/cyclin D1 axis in bladder cancer cells. Our studies provide a novel insight into understanding the anticancer activity of the Chinese herb Gnetum Cleistostachyum and its isolate isorhapontigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, ZheJiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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33
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Prospective evaluation of a molecular marker panel for prediction of recurrence and cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 2013; 64:465-71. [PMID: 23571005 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective studies demonstrated that cell cycle-related and proliferation biomarkers add information to standard pathologic tumor features after radical cystectomy (RC). There are no prospective studies validating the clinical utility of markers in bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE To prospectively determine whether a panel of biomarkers could identify patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) who were likely to experience disease recurrence or mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between January 2007 and January 2012, every patient with high-grade bladder cancer, including 216 patients treated with RC and lymphadenectomy, underwent immunohistochemical staining for tumor protein p53 (Tp53); cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) (CDKN1A); cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1); antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (MKI67); and cyclin E1. INTERVENTION Every patient underwent RC and lymphadenectomy, and marker staining. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Cox regression analyses tested the ability of the number of altered biomarkers to predict recurrence or cancer-specific mortality (CSM). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Pathologic stage among the study population was pT0 (5%), pT1 (35%), pT2 (19%), pT3 (29%), and pT4 (13%); lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was seen in 34%. The median number of removed lymph nodes was 23, and 60 patients had lymph node involvement (LNI). Median follow-up was 20 mo. Expression of p53, p21, p27, cyclin E1, and Ki-67 were altered in 54%, 26%, 46%, 15%, and 75% patients, respectively. In univariable analyses, pT stage, LNI, LVI, perioperative chemotherapy (CTx), margin status, and number of altered biomarkers predicted disease recurrence. In a multivariable model adjusting for pathologic stage, margins, LNI, and adjuvant CTx, only LVI and number of altered biomarkers were independent predictors of recurrence and CSM. The concordance index of a baseline model predicting CSM (including pathologic stage, margins, LVI, LNI, and adjuvant CTx) was 80% and improved to 83% with addition of the number of altered markers. CONCLUSIONS Molecular markers improve the prediction of recurrence and CSM after RC. They may identify patients who might benefit from additional treatments and closer surveillance after cystectomy.
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34
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Di Pierro GB, Gulia C, Cristini C, Fraietta G, Marini L, Grande P, Gentile V, Piergentili R. Bladder cancer: a simple model becomes complex. Curr Genomics 2013; 13:395-415. [PMID: 23372425 PMCID: PMC3401896 DOI: 10.2174/138920212801619232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in developed countries and it is also characterized by a high number of recurrences. Despite this, several authors in the past reported that only two altered molecular pathways may genetically explain all cases of bladder cancer: one involving the FGFR3 gene, and the other involving the TP53 gene. Mutations in any of these two genes are usually predictive of the malignancy final outcome. This cancer may also be further classified as low-grade tumors, which is always papillary and in most cases superficial, and high-grade tumors, not necessarily papillary and often invasive. This simple way of considering this pathology has strongly changed in the last few years, with the development of genome-wide studies on expression profiling and the discovery of small non-coding RNA affecting gene expression. An easy search in the OMIM (On-line Mendelian Inheritance in Man) database using "bladder cancer" as a query reveals that genes in some way connected to this pathology are approximately 150, and some authors report that altered gene expression (up- or down-regulation) in this disease may involve up to 500 coding sequences for low-grade tumors and up to 2300 for high-grade tumors. In many clinical cases, mutations inside the coding sequences of the above mentioned two genes were not found, but their expression changed; this indicates that also epigenetic modifications may play an important role in its development. Indeed, several reports were published about genome-wide methylation in these neoplastic tissues, and an increasing number of small non-coding RNA are either up- or down-regulated in bladder cancer, indicating that impaired gene expression may also pass through these metabolic pathways. Taken together, these data reveal that bladder cancer is far to be considered a simple model of malignancy. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in the genome-wide analysis of bladder cancer, and analyse non-genetic, genetic and epigenetic factors causing extensive gene mis-regulation in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battista Di Pierro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologico-Ostetriche e Scienze Urologiche, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza - Università di Roma
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Hui W, Yuntao L, Lun L, WenSheng L, ChaoFeng L, HaiYong H, Yueyang B. MicroRNA-195 inhibits the proliferation of human glioma cells by directly targeting cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54932. [PMID: 23383003 PMCID: PMC3557299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma proliferation is a multistep process during which a sequence of genetic and epigenetic alterations randomly occur to affect the genes controlling cell proliferation, cell death and genetic stability. microRNAs are emerging as important epigenetic modulators of multiple target genes, leading to abnormal cellular signaling involving cellular proliferation in cancers.In the present study, we found that expression of miR-195 was markedly downregulated in glioma cell lines and human primary glioma tissues, compared to normal human astrocytes and matched non-tumor associated tissues. Upregulation of miR-195 dramatically reduced the proliferation of glioma cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ectopic expression of miR-195 significantly decreased the percentage of S phase cells and increased the percentage of G1/G0 phase cells. Overexpression of miR-195 dramatically reduced the anchorage-independent growth ability of glioma cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-195 downregulated the levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glioma cells. Conversely, inhibition of miR-195 promoted cell proliferation, increased the percentage of S phase cells, reduced the percentage of G1/G0 phase cells, enhanced anchorage-independent growth ability, upregulated the phosphorylation of pRb and PCNA in glioma cells. Moreover, we show that miR-195 inhibited glioma cell proliferation by downregulating expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, via directly targeting the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 mRNA. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-195 plays an important role to inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells, and present a novel mechanism for direct miRNA-mediated suppression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lu Yuntao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luo Lun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li WenSheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang ChaoFeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He HaiYong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ba Yueyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: Screening, Diagnosis, and Molecular Markers. Eur Urol 2013; 63:4-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yun SJ, Moon SK, Kim WJ. Investigational cell cycle inhibitors in clinical trials for bladder cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 22:369-77. [PMID: 23256895 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.751097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related cell cycle defects are often mediated by alterations in activity of diverse cell cycle regulators. The development of cell cycle inhibitors has undergone a gradual evolution, and new investigational drugs have been extensively tested as a single agent or combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. AREAS COVERED This review covers a broad perspective of how the cell cycle is deregulated in bladder cancer and discusses the clinical trials of cell cycle inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although diverse cell cycle inhibitors have been considered as relevant drug candidates for cancer therapy owing to their potential role in restoring control of the cell cycle, these inhibitors have not been yet widely tested in human bladder cancer. Numerous studies already reported that deregulation of cell cycle controls has been commonly observed in bladder cancer cells, thus warranting clinical trials of these inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer patients. In addition, nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) show different clinical and molecular biological characteristics, although ∼ 10 - 20% of NMIBC will progress to MIBC. Therefore, adequate cell cycle inhibitors have to be chosen for bladder cancer treatment based on the different genetic features between NMIBC and MIBC related to cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joong Yun
- Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Department of Urology, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea
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Abstract
The determination of prognosis in bladder cancer is currently based on staging methods that rely primarily on the pathological stage of a tumor with limited objective correlates. The development and progression of bladder cancer involve alterations in several cellular pathways. Dysregulation in markers associated with cell-cycle regulation has been the most extensively examined molecular aberration in this cancer. Individual alterations of these markers have been associated with disease outcome, with several observations suggesting that their prognostic potential is independent of pathological stage. While many individual molecules in the cell growth receptor signaling, p53, and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways have been identified, there is a general lack of consensus on which markers can be adopted in the clinical setting. More recent studies have suggested that the combination of markers as concise panels may be more beneficial in determining the degree of aggressiveness of a given tumor and its impending outcome than individual markers alone. This review will discuss alterations in molecules within pathways controlling cell-cycle regulation in the context of bladder cancer, and their impact on patient outcome when examined individually and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban P Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lenz P, Pfeiffer R, Baris D, Schned AR, Takikita M, Poscablo MC, Schwenn M, Johnson A, Jones M, Kida M, Cantor KP, Rothman N, Silverman DT, Hewitt SM, Moore LE. Cell-cycle control in urothelial carcinoma: large-scale tissue array analysis of tumor tissue from Maine and Vermont. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1555-64. [PMID: 22761304 PMCID: PMC3480660 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-cycle proteins are important predictive markers in urothelial carcinoma but may also exhibit exposure-specific heterogeneity. METHODS Tumor tissue from 491 bladder cancer cases enrolled in the Maine and Vermont component of the New England Bladder Cancer Study was assembled as tissue microarrays and examined for aberrant expression of p53, p63, p16, cyclin D1, Rb, and Ki-67. The association between expression and histopathology, demographics, and cigarette smoking was examined using χ(2) tests, multivariable Poisson, and multinomial regression models. RESULTS We found that overexpression of p53 and Ki-67 was associated with high-stage/grade tumors [relative risk (RR), 1.26; P(trend) = 0.003; and RR, 3.21; P(trend) < 0.0001, respectively], whereas expression of p63 and p16 was decreased in high-stage/grade tumors (RR, 0.52; P(trend) < 0.0001; and RR, 0.88; P(trend) = 0.04, respectively). No significant aberrations of cell-cycle proteins were identified using various smoking variables and multiple statistical models. CONCLUSION The results of this population-based study of histologically confirmed urothelial carcinomas show significant aberration of cell-cycle proteins p53, p63, p16, and Ki-67, but not Rb or cyclin D1. p53 showed the most significant heterogeneity with respect to tumor stage and grade, especially when stratified for different staining intensities using novel digital image analysis techniques. Our findings do not support that smoking modifies expression of cell-cycle proteins. IMPACT Our study shows significant heterogeneity in the expression of key cell-cycle proteins that are associated with disease progression in bladder cancer. Further studies may lead to the identification of biomarkers and their multiplexed interactions as useful prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lenz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick
| | - Ruth Pfeiffer
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alan R. Schned
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Mikiko Takikita
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. Cristina Poscablo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Michael Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Masatoshi Kida
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debra T. Silverman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lee E. Moore
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Our aim was to analyze the impact of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on bladder cancer cell growth in vitro. RT-4, TCCSUP, UMUC-3, and RT-112 bladder cancer cells were treated with VPA (0.125-1 mmol/l) without and with preincubation periods of 3 and 5 days. Controls remained untreated. Tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression, and cell cycle-regulating proteins were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. Effects of VPA on histone H3 and H4 acetylation and HDAC3 and HDAC4 were also determined. Without preincubation, no tumor cell growth reduction was observed with 0.125 and 0.25 mmol/l VPA in TCCSUP, UMUC-3, and RT-112 cells, whereas 0.5 and 1 mmol/l VPA diminished the cell number significantly. VPA (0.25 mmol/l) did exert tumor growth-blocking effects after a 3-day preincubation. To achieve antitumor effects with VPA (0.125 mmol/l), a 5-day preincubation was necessary. A 3-day or 5-day preincubation was also necessary to distinctly delay cell cycle progression, with maximum effects at VPA (1 mmol/l). After the 5-day preincubation, the cell cycle-regulating proteins cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, and cyclins B, D1, and E were reduced, whereas p27 was enhanced. Diminished HDAC3 and 4 expression induced by VPA was accompanied by elevated acetylation of H3 and H4. VPA exerted growth-blocking properties on a panel of bladder cancer cell lines, commensurate with dose and exposure time. Long-term application induced much stronger effects than did shorter application and should be considered when designing therapeutic strategies for treating bladder carcinoma.
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Shariat SF, Chromecki TF, Cha EK, Karakiewicz PI, Sun M, Fradet Y, Isbarn H, Scherr DS, Bastian PJ, Pummer K, Fajkovic H, Sagalowsky AI, Ashfaq R, Doblinger M, Cote RJ, Lotan Y. Risk Stratification of Organ Confined Bladder Cancer After Radical Cystectomy Using Cell Cycle Related Biomarkers. J Urol 2012; 187:457-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Thomas F. Chromecki
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eugene K. Cha
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxine Sun
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHUQ, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Hendrik Isbarn
- Department of Urology, University Clinic Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Douglas S. Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Patrick J. Bastian
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Pummer
- Department of Urology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harun Fajkovic
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Landeskrankenhaus St. Poelten, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Arthur I. Sagalowsky
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raheela Ashfaq
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthias Doblinger
- Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard J. Cote
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Vinall RL, Ripoll AZ, Wang S, Pan CX, deVere White RW. MiR-34a chemosensitizes bladder cancer cells to cisplatin treatment regardless of p53-Rb pathway status. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2526-38. [PMID: 21702042 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MiR-34a is a downstream effector of p53 that has been shown to target several molecules associated with cell cycle and cell survival pathways. As alterations in these pathways are frequent in muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (MI-TCC), for example mutation or loss of p53 and Rb, the goal of this study was to determine whether manipulation of miR-34a expression levels could abrogate the effect of these alterations and sensitize bladder cancer cells to chemotherapy. We demonstrate that transfection of T24, TCCSUP and 5637 with pre-miR-34a followed by cisplatin treatment results in a dramatic reduction in clonogenic potential and induction of senescence compared to treatment with cisplatin alone. Molecular analyses identified Cdk6 and sirtuin (SIRT)-1 as being targeted by miR-34a in MI-TCC cells, however, inhibition of Cdk6 and SIRT-1 was not as effective as pre-miR-34a in mediating chemosensitization. Analysis of 27 preneoadjuvant chemotherapy patient samples revealed many of the patients who subsequently did not respond to treatment (based on surgical resection postchemotherapy and 5-year survival data) express lower levels of miR-34a, however, a statistically significant difference between the responder and nonresponder groups was not observed (p = 0.1174). Analysis of eight sets of pre- and postneoadjuvant chemotherapy patient samples determined miR-34a expression increased postchemotherapy in only two of the eight patients. The combined data indicate that elevation of miR-34a expression levels before chemotherapy would be of benefit to MI-TCC patients, particularly in a setting of low miR-34a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L Vinall
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI, Godoy G, Lerner SP. Use of nomograms for predictions of outcome in patients with advanced bladder cancer. Ther Adv Urol 2011; 1:13-26. [PMID: 21789050 DOI: 10.1177/1756287209103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate estimates of risk are essential for physicians if they are to recommend a specific management to patients with bladder cancer. In this review, we discuss the criteria for the evaluation of nomograms and review current available nomograms for advanced bladder cancer. METHODS A retrospective review of the Pubmed database between 2002 and 2008 was performed using the keywords 'nomogram' and 'bladder'. We limited the articles to advanced bladder cancer. We recorded input variables, prediction form, number of patients used to develop the prediction tools, the outcome being predicted, prediction tool-specific features, predictive accuracy, and whether validation was performed. RESULTS We discuss the characteristics needed to evaluate nomograms such as predictive accuracy, calibration, generalizability, level of complexity, effect of competing risks, conditional probabilities, and head-to-head comparison with other prediction methods. The predictive accuracies of the pre-cystectomy tools (n = 2) range from ∼65-75% and that of the post-cystectomy tools (n = 5) range from ∼75-80%. While some of these nomograms are well-calibrated and outperform AJCC staging, none has been externally validated. To date, four studies demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in predictive accuracy of nomograms by including biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Nomograms provide accurate individualized estimates of outcomes. They currently represent the most accurate and discriminatory decision-making aids tools for predicting outcomes in patients with bladder cancer. Use of current nomograms could improve current selection of patients for standard therapy and investigational trial design by ensuring homogeneous groups. The addition of biological markers to the currently available nomograms using clinical and pathologic data holds the promise of improving prediction and refining management of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh F Shariat
- Division of Urology; Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 27, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Alkhateeb SS, Neill M, Bar-Moshe S, Rhijn BV, Kakiashvili DM, Fleshner N, Jewett M, Petein M, Schulman C, Hanna S, Bostrom PJ, Roumeguere T, Shariat SF, Rorive S, Zlotta AR. Long-term prognostic value of the combination of EORTC risk group calculator and molecular markers in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients treated with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin. Urol Ann 2011; 3:119-26. [PMID: 21976923 PMCID: PMC3183702 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.84954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term prognostic value of the combination of the EORTC risk calculator and proapoptotic, antiapoptotic, proliferation, and invasiveness molecular markers in predicting the outcome of intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 42 patients accrued prospectively presenting with intermediate- to high-risk NMIBC (high-grade T1 tumors or multiple rapidly recurrent tumors refractory to intravesical chemotherapy) treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and BCG. TUR samples were analyzed for the molecular markers p53, p21 waf1/cip, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and metallothionein 9 (MMP9) using immunohistochemistry. Frequency of positivity, measured as a percentage, was assessed alone or in combination with EORTC risk calculator, for interaction with outcome in terms of recurrence and progression using univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Median follow-up was 88 months (mean, 99; range, 14-212 months). The overall recurrence rate was 61.9% and progression rate was 21.4%. In univariate analysis, CyclinD1 and EORTC risk groups were significantly associated with recurrence (P value 0.03 and 0.02, respectively), although none of the markers showed a correlation to progression. In combining EORTC risk groups to markers expression status, high-risk group associated with positive MMP9, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, or p21 was significantly correlated to tumor recurrence (log rank P values <0.001, 0.03, 0.02, and 0.006, respectively) and when associated with positive MMP9 or p21, it was significantly correlated to progression (log rank P values 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION Molecular markers have a long-term prognostic value when combined with EORTC scoring system and they may be used to improve the predictive accuracy of currently existing scoring system. Larger series are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan S. Alkhateeb
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mischel Neill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sas Bar-Moshe
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bas Van Rhijn
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David M. Kakiashvili
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Jewett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michel Petein
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Schulman
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sally Hanna
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter J. Bostrom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thierry Roumeguere
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre R. Zlotta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Papalia R, Simone G, Grasso R, Augelli R, Faiella E, Guaglianone S, Cazzato R, Del Vescovo R, Ferriero M, Zobel B, Gallucci M. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients selected for radical cystectomy: detection rate of pelvic lymph node metastases. BJU Int 2011; 109:1031-6. [PMID: 21883835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether DW-MRI improves the detection of pelvic lymph nodes metastates in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS 36 patients with CT scan negative for nodal metastates underwent DW-MRI before surgery. Diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI was compared with histopathological findings. RESULTS Mean ADC value was 0.85 × 10(-3) mm(3)/s in the nodal metastatic group and 1 × 10(-3) mm(3)/s in the nodal non-metastatic group (P = 0.02). The ADC cut-off value, obtained by the ROC curve was 0.86 × 10(-3) mm(3)/s. Patient-based sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 76.4%, 89.4%, 26.6%, and 71.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION DW-MRI may be used to differentiate metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in patients with high-grade bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Papalia
- Radiology Department, University Campus Bio Medico, Rome, Italy.
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Matsushita K, Cha EK, Matsumoto K, Baba S, Chromecki TF, Fajkovic H, Sun M, Karakiewicz PI, Scherr DS, Shariat SF. Immunohistochemical biomarkers for bladder cancer prognosis. Int J Urol 2011; 18:616-29. [PMID: 21771101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is an especially complex and heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of histologic findings and potentially lethal behavior. Despite advances in surgical techniques, as well as intravesical and systemic therapies, up to 30% of patients with non-muscle-invasive UCB and 50% of patients with muscle-invasive UCB experience disease progression, recurrence, and eventual death. Standard prognostic features, such as pathologic stage and grade, have limited ability to predict the outcomes of this heterogeneous population. Current risk-stratification algorithms using clinical and pathologic parameters are limited in their prognostic ability. Molecular medicine holds the promise that clinical outcomes will be improved by more accurate prognostication and directing therapy towards the mechanisms and targets associated with the growth of an individual patient's tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of biomarker expression has provided insight into the molecular pathogenesis of UCB and offers the potential for improving clinical decision making. Numerous candidate immunohistochemical biomarkers for patients with UCB have been identified, with those relating to the cell cycle and apoptosis/cell proliferation being the most extensively studied. The present review discusses the most promising immunohistochemical biomarkers. Special attention is paid to recent data from a multi-institutional collaboration that has implemented a regulated, phased biomarker discovery and validation pathway. Because UCB tumorigenesis and progression is a process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, multiple biomarkers need to be integrated into a prognostic signature to accurately predict outcomes. There is no doubt that biomarkers will eventually guide our clinical decision making regarding follow-up scheduling and treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Ehdaie B, Smith SC, Theodorescu D. Personalized medicine in advanced urothelial cancer: when to treat, how to treat and who to treat. Can Urol Assoc J 2011; 3:S232-6. [PMID: 20019992 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has provided an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of bladder cancer by defining distinct pathways in tumorigenesis and progression. Advances in technologies, such as high-throughput transcript profiling, microarrays and proteomics, offer a systematic approach to identifying targets for bladder cancer diagnostics and drug discovery. This review presents a select outline of the advances in the development of bio-markers and targets for patient prognosis and therapy selection. This paper describes a representative cohort of recent studies that have the potential to significantly impact the management of muscle invasive and metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Space constraints do not permit this review to be comprehensive and we apologize to the authors whose work we do not cite.
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Association of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) expression with molecular markers, pathologic features and clinical outcomes of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. World J Urol 2011; 30:785-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kapur P, Lotan Y, King E, Kabbani W, Mitra AP, Mosbah A, Abol-Enein H, Ghoneim M, Youssef RF. Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: value of cell cycle biomarkers. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 135:822-30. [PMID: 21571954 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp76kuvotbkqry] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder are uncommon, and the molecular pathways are currently not well defined. In this study, we assessed the association between biologic markers and clinicopathologic characteristics in a cohort of 21 patients with primary urinary bladder adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for cell cycle-specific markers, including p53, p21, p27, Ki-67, and cyclin E, were performed on sections of a tissue microarray construct. The tumors were high grade in 12 (57%) and pT2 or higher in 18 (86%); lymph nodes were involved in 6 cases (29%); and there was pathologic evidence of schistosomiasis in 14 (67%). The best prognostic combination of markers was combined alterations in p27 and Ki-67 and was associated with stage (P = .012), grade (P = .005), DNA ploidy (P = .005), and lymph node involvement (P = .04). Stage, lymph node involvement, combined alterations of p27 and Ki-67, and combined alterations of all 5 biomarkers were associated with increased probability of disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality (P < .05).
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Burger M, vom Dorp F. Nutzung von Markersystemen in der Behandlung des Harnblasenkarzinoms. Urologe A 2011; 50:303-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-010-2412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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